, . ( . , .13 ) , , . ( ., .13 ) , , , ... () , , . ( ., .14 ) ... . ( ., .14 ) - ; - . ( ) , . ( ., .15 ) . , , . ( "", ) - . ( ., .17 ) . ( ) . ( ) ... , . , , . ( ., .19 ) , - . , - . ( ., .19 ) , , , . ( ., .20 ) , , - . ( , ICL ) , , . ( ., .23 ) ... () , - - . ( ., .23 ) : , . ( ., .26 ) ... - . ( ., .36 ) , - . ( ., .36 ) , ... (). ( ., .37 ) , . ( ) : !, ! - - . ( ., " " ) : . ( ) . , - , , - , , , . ( , "THE MAN WHO SOLD THE MOON" ) - , , , , , , - . ( , : "-", " " ..) - , . ( , . ) , , , , -. ( ) - ? , . ( . ) " ". ( . .152 ) , , . ( . .152 ) ; - . ( ) , , , . ( . ) , , , . ( ) , . ( PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE, 2/78, .174 ) . . . ( ) . ( COMPUTERWORLD BUTTON ) , - . ( ) - . ( ., DEC ) , , . ( ., "PROGRAM INSTRUMENTATION SOFTWARE TESTING", COMPUTER, volume 11, number 4 ) - , . ( . ) , , , ??? ( )