B.M. H.A..  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- . . . . " " .. .. ., "", 1967 OCR .. mailto:bmn@lib.ru ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1  , , . " " " ", " ", , , . " " , - ; " " . . . ( "" ) , "" , " ", , XIX .: , , , . ; , XVIII . , "" (. preromantisme). XVIII ., XIX . . , , " ". 1789 . , . , , XVIII ., . , XIX . , , . , XVII . , 1689 . - ; XVIII . , , . , , , "". "", " " - . XVIII . : "" - "" "", ""; - "", ""; "" - "" , "" ( . romance - " "): "" , "" , "" . . - "" , , , , , () ( ). , , (). 1760-1770 . - , , " " . 1760-1780 . , . , , , , . : - , - . : . , , . 2  " " (Horatio Horace Walpole, 1717-1797) -, , , (Earl of Orford). (1721-1742) . - , : , , " " (grand tour) - . , ( " ", 1751, ), - , . , - , , . , , , , , , "", "" , "" . 1741 ., , , , , , . , , , "" (" I II", " ", " , " . .), . - , " ". , , , , , , . , 1765 1780 ., , 83 . "". "" (gothic) "". "", . . , , . "" , " " (. . ) "" - - : ", , , ". "" "", . , 160- "" (1711) , , , , "" . - " " ( 1754 .) . , - (1754), - - (1758). (Richard Hurd). " " ("Letters on Chivalry and Romance", 1762), - (Lacurne de Sainte Palaye "Memoires sur l'ancienne Chevalerie", t. I, 1759), . - " ". : - , - , - , - , . , , " " " ". 1747 . , , , , , Strawberry Hill (" "). " , - . - , - , ". 1770 . 1774 . "" , 1784 . , ; 1798 . (The Works of Horatio Walpole, Earl of Orford, 1798, vol. 2). " " XVIII . , . - , , . " " , , , , , - , , , , , , " ", "" . " . "", ". , " " XVIII .: , . , , . . , . "" " , ", " , , , . .". " , ... , (visions)". "" " " ("gothic story"). , , , " ", , . , , , . " " (1764) , . ( ), . . (" 1095 1243 ."), . . , " " ("in black letters") 1529 . ( , "" ). "", . , " " . " , ". 1765 . . " - ", . ( XVIII .) " ". " , , , ". , . , , , . , , , , . , . , . : , , . . . , , . , . , , , , , , . , , . , 100 . , . , . , . "" , - "" (romance). , , , , , , , . , , . ; , , , - , . , , , , , . "" (""), XVIII . . " " , - , . , - , , , , , " ". "" - , "" XVIII ., . , , , " ": " ", , , , , "" . ., , " ". "" , XVIII . , , , , , , -, , . , , XVIII . ; " " : " ". ; , , . " " ( 30, 8 XVIII .), ( - 1767 .). - , "" , " ",, XVIII XIX . (Clara Reeve, 1729-1807), " ", " " ("The Old English Baron", 1777). " ", , , - , . , : " (the machinery) , , . , ". , . - " , ". , " , ". 16 " ". " ", . XVIII . (Anne Radcliffe, 1764-1823). " " ("The Mysteries of Udolpho", 1794) "" ("The Italian", 1797). ; " " 1905 . ( . ). " " XVIII . , . "" , , , , . . ; . , , , ( ), . , . , , - , , , , ( ) , , , . , , , . , , , - " " "", , . , , : "" , , , . "" (1795) "-" (1820) " " (1818), , , , (" " , 1772, " " - "roman noir" ) ("" , 1781, " " - Schauerromane, "" , 1793). . , , , , . , " " - (" " , " " , 1837, .). , "" ("", 1820, .) . , . " ", , (. I). , , . "" (1816) , - " " (1852), " " . (" ", 1860, .). , , , , . , , . "" " " " " ("The Mysterious Mother", 1769). . , , , , . , , . , , . . , , , " ", . " ". , , , " ", . " " . - "" , : - 20 , - . , . . "" " ", , ( "", 1817). ( ) , , (. - "24 ", 1810). , "" . 3  7 1719 . - . , , , . 1741 . . . , , (1740-1748), -. 1747 . , . , . 1759 . - , ; , . . . . 1760 . , , . 1768 . . , XVIII . , , " ". , , . , "", , . , - , , . , , , , "" "" . , "" ( - ""), , . 1770- . " " (1772). , . , " ", , " ". . "" . , , , . - . - , . XVI ( 1792 .). , , 24 1792 . , , "", , XIX ., , , . "" , 1806 . " " , (. II). ; XIX . , , . , , , , : , , , , "", , , . , , , "", 1792-1793 . , - - - - , . - " ..." 1740- , . - " " (1741) " " (1742) . . , 1752 . ( " "). , . ; - , " ", , ( ), - "" (1768); " " "" (1763). 1767 . " " " " ( - ). 1778-1788 . "