-- 1 1,52
. [333]. " 1970 1990 , --
.. .. , --
450 . 90 . .
, .
, , 70-
, ,
" [334], 31 41 38 60 .
; , 1994
,
2010 , 1990 37 41
[335].
; ,
16 . 1983 4,5 . 1994 ,
,
[336].
,
,
, .
,
1996 30 ,
70-[337]. ,
, 83
1965 40 1993-[338].
,
-
----------------------------
[333] - .: Pilzer P.Z. Unlimited Wealth. P. 25.
[334] - Meadows D.H., Meadows D.L., Panders J. Beyond the
Limits. Global Collapse or Sustainable Future? L., 1992. P. 67, 67-68.
[335] - .: Mitchell K., Beck P., Grubb M. The New
Geopolitics of Energy. L" 1996. P. 13.
[336] - .: Ibid. P. 13.
[337] - .: Brown L.R., Renner M., Flavin Ch., el al. Vital
Signs 1997-1998. The Environmental Trends That Are Shaping Our Future. L.,
1997. P. 46.
[338] - .: Mitchell .. Beck P., Grubb M. The New
Geopolitics of Energy. P. 14, 62-63.
------------------------------
,
. .
1998 , , -, ,
.., , 10-12 (
). 80-
,
1919 . ,
, 1975 ,
133 [339]
;
,
.
. ,
70-
,
,
.
60- . 1969
,
1970- 1972 , 13
,
;
, 1963
-- , 1972
1974 [340].
80-
[341] .
--------------------------------
[339] - .: Schilling A.G. Deflation. How to Survive and
Thrive in the Coming Wave of Deflation. N.Y., 1999. P. XI.
[340] - .: Weisaecker E.U., von. Earth Politics.
L.-Atlantic Highlands (N.J.), 1994. P. 14, 17.
[341] - .: Cannon . Corporate Responsibility. L., 1992.
. 188.
--------------------------------
, ,
,
, ;
.
,
. ,
, -- .
80- 60 ,
[342]
. 1986 1994
, , , , , -
,
, [343] .
. 42
50
[344]; 1990 1995
[345];
-
[346];
0,5 1
: 15
1994-1995 59 .
. [347].
,
, [348],
--------------------------------
[342] - . Henderson H. Paradigms in Progress. P. 15.
[343] - . Brown L.R., RennerM., Flavin Ch., et al. Vital
Signs 1997-1998. P. 103.
[344] - . Hampden-Tumer Ch., Trompenaars F. The Seven
Cultures of Capitalism. Value Systems for Creating Wealth in the United
States, Britain, Japan, Germany, France, Sweden and the Netherlands. L.,
1994. P. 216.
[345] - .: Brown L.R., Renner M., Flavin Ch., etal. Vital
Signs 1997-1998. P. 96.
[346] - .: Brown L.R., Flavin Ch., French H., etal. State
of the World 1998.AWorldwatch Institute Report on Progress Toward a
Sustainable Society. N.Y.-L., 1998. P. 114.
[347] - .: French H. Sustainable De velopment Aid
Threatened // Brown L. R., RennerM., Flavin Ch., et al. Vital Signs
1997-1998. P. 108.
[348] - .: Lasch Ch. The Revolt of the Elites and the
Betrayal of Democracy. N.Y.-L., 1995. P. 246.
----------------------------------
.
, "
,
(, , ,
) "
[349].
NO2 SO2
,
( , )
, [350].
2 ;
,
26,7 21,9
2010 [351].
, , ,
1992 , 2 20
800 .
3,6 . [352]
, ,
,
.
65 . . ;
., ,
[353]. , " , 6,7
" [354] ,
.
90- , ",
,
-
--------------------------------
[349] - Bowers J. Sustainability and Environmental
Economics: An Alternative Text.
P. 44.
[350] - .: Meadow D.H., Meadow D.L., Panders J. Beyond the
Limits. P. 181.
[351] - : Mitchell ., Beck P., Grubb M. The
New Geopolitics of Energy. P. 161.
[352] - .: Paterson M. Global Warming and Global Politics.
P. 81.
[353] - .: Drucker P.F. Managing in a Time of Great
Change. P. 150-151.
[354] - Hampden-Tumer Ch., Trompenaars F. The Seven Cultures
of Capitalism. P. 216.
--------------------------------
, :
, ,
" [355] .
, ,
,
.
(
2
71 1986 1996 [356]
2025 [357],
1994
[358]),
.
. ,
,
,
.
.
;
80- 90- . ,
[359] 70- ,
15-20 [360].
------------------------------
[355] - Ashworth W. The Economy of Nature. P. 27.
[356] - .: Brown L.R., Flavin Ch., French H., et al. State
of the World 1998. P. 115.
[357] - .: Paterson M. Global Wanning and Global Politics.
P. 82.
[358] - .: World Resources 1998-1999. P. 179. 1988
1994
" " .
15 , -- 21, -- 24,
-- 69, -- 109, -- 193 .
1994 ,
, (.: Brown L.R.,
Flavin Ch., French H., et al. State of the World 1997. A Worldwatch
Institute Report on Progress Toward a Sustainable Society. N.Y.-L., 1997. P.
166).
[359] - .: Morris-Suzuki . Beyond Computopia. L.-N.Y.,
1988. P. 102-104; Castells M. The Informational City. P. 180-188, .
[360] - .: Barrom I., Curnow R. The Future with
Microelectronics. L., 1979. P. 201; Jenkins C., Sherman B. The Collapse
ofWork. L., 1979. P. 115.
--------------------------------
90- , ,
6,6 7,8 .
:
, 50- 4,5 ,
60-, 70- 80- -- 4,8, 6,2 7,3
, 80-
[361],
90- 6,8 [362], 1996- --
6,6 [363], 1997
24 4,8 [364],
.
, ;
, 1990 1999 10
(!) 20,5 . , 9 .
, - 834
. [365]. ,
, 25 15.
, 1992 2005
26 . , ,
1979 1992 [366]. ,
-- :
8,1 . , 2 .
" ", 8,3 . " ",
,
14 [367]
[368]. ,
, , ,
, , , .
:
1982
------------------------------
[361] - . Niskanen W.A. Reaganomics. An Insider's Account
of the Policies and the People. N.Y -Oxford, 1988. P. 238.
[362] - . Rifkin J. The End of Work. P. 10.
[363] - . Krugman P. The Age of Diminishing Expectations.
US Economic Policy in the 90s. 3rd ed. Cambridge (Ma.)-L., 1998. P. 29.
[364] - . International Herald Tribune. 1997. August 2-3.
P. 1.
[365] - . Pilzer P.Z. Unlimited Wealth. P. 102.
[366] - . Castells M. The Information Age: Economy,
Society and Culture.
Vol. 1. P.222.
[367] - . Thurow L.C. The Future of Capitalism. L., 1996.
P. 165.
[368] - . Castells M. The Rise of the Network Society. P.
266.
--------------------------------
100 8 1983 1995
[369]. , 90-
(consumer confidence) [370].
,
2,7[371], --
1,4 [372] ,
156 100,
1975 ,
96[373].
, 90-
[374],
[375].
,
. 1997
,
12,4 13,1 [376].
,
, 1997
, -- , 1998 --
.
, (,
12-15 100 ), , ,
,
[377].
40-55
,
,
[378]. ,
.
, ,
.
,
(,
); ,
(
) ,
.
,
.
--------------------------------
[369] - . Tilly Ch., Tilly Ch. Work Under Capitalism.
N.Y., 1998. P. 252.
[370] - . World Economic Outlook. A Survey by the Staff of
the International Monetary Fund. October 1997. Wash., 1997. P. 25.
[371] - . Rifkin J. The End of Work. P. 110.
[372] - . Stewart T.A. Intellectual Capital. P. 8-9.
[373] - . Handy Ch. The Hungry Spirit. P. 26.
[374] - . Santis H., de. Beyond Progress. An Interpretive
Odyssey to the Future. Chicago-L" 1996. P. 15.
[375] - . Etvoni A. The New Golden Rule. N.Y., 1996. P.
70, 76.
[376] - . International Herald Tribune. 1997. July 10. P.
2.
[377] - . Henfler H.A. The New Era of Eurocapitalism //
Ohmae K. (Ed.) The Evolving Global Economy. Making Sense of the New World
Order. P. 7-8.
----------------------------------
--
. 70-
" -- ".
, , ,
.
.
,
.
90- -
400 . . -
----------------------------------
[378] - .: Pierson Ch. Beyond the Welfare State? The New
Political Economy of Welfare. Cambridge, 1995. P. 126.
----------------------------------
1995 , 44
[379], , , ,
, [380]. ,
90-
30 . .
[381],
, , .
,
;
90- 3,5 [382],
1992 1997 ,
[383].
,
. - ,
, ,
.
90-
. 1993
36 ,
- . 1990 "
" 80,4
90,5 .
42,8
, ,
, 1 ;
- 23,4 . 1 .
, 126,2 .
[384] 87 3,9 .
,
--------------------------------
[379] - .: Brown L.R., Renner M., Flavin Ch., el al. Vital
Signs 1997-1998. P. 112.
[380] - .: Sandier . Global Challenges. An Approach to
Environmental, Political, and Economic Problems. Cambridge, 1997. P. 185.
[381] - .: Davidow W.H., Malone M.S. The Virtual
Corporation. Structuring and Revitalizing the Corporation for the 21st
Century. N.Y., 1992. P. 189.
[382] - .: Gates . Compete, don't Delete // The
Economist. 1998. June 13. P. 24.
[383] - .: Marker P. From Third World to the World Class.
The Future of Emerging Markets in the Global Economy. Reading (Ma.), 1998.
P. 71.
[384] - .: Castells M. The Rise of the Network Society. P.
108.
--------------------------------
1993
[385].
8,1 . . 1986 27 . . 1995
, , , 6,3 .
., 20
. .
, ,
-- , , --
,
[386].
.
407 500 ,
" " [387]; 24 .
,
, - 14
[388].
, ,
. ., 1995 "
, 18,8 . ,
0,3 , 28
" [389].
"", 1998 300 . .,
;
, "
", "", "", "", " -" ""
[390], , , , ,
,
------------------------------------
[385] - .: Braun Ch.-F., von. The Innovation War.
Industrial R&D... the Arms Race of the 90s. Upper Saddle River (N.J.), 1997.
P. 57.
[386] - .: Doremus P.N., Keller W.W., Pauly L.W., Reich S.
The Myth of the Global Corporation. Princeton (NJ), 1998. P. 102-103.
[387] - : Financial Times FT 500 1998 //
Financial Times. 1998. January 22. Annex. P. 5-6.
[388] - .: Ashkenas R., Ulrich D., Jick ., Kerr St. The
Boundaryless Organization. Breaking the Chains of Organizational Structure.
San Francisco, 1995. P. 263.
[389] - Korten D. . The Post-Corporate World. P. 42.
[390] - .: The Economist. 1998. July 25. P. Ill;
.: Morton . Beyond World Class. Houndmills-L., 1998. P. 208-209.
--------------------------------------
[391]. , IBM
" ", 395 748 . ,
35,5 40,9 . [392].
; (
75 95
[393])
. 70- -90-
, , de facto
. 1969
6 . .
[394]; 1985- 29 . ., 1994- --
45 . . [395]
[396],
( ,
88 , -- 3,5
[397]).
[398];
,
-- [399]. 80-
,
, ,
. 1996 6
.,
4,7 . [400]
--------------------------------
[391] - . Morgan G. Images of Organization. Thousand
Oaks-L., 1997. P. 327.
[392] - . Latouche S. The Westernization of the World. The
Significance, Scope and Limits of the Drive towards Global Uniformity.
Cambridge, 1989. P. 127-128.
[393] - . Morgan G. Images of Organization. P. 336.
[394] - . Bamet R.J., Cavanagh J. Global Dreams. Imperial
Corporations and the New World Order. N.Y" 1994. P. 210.
[395] - . Statistical Abstract of the United States. 1996.
Wash., 1996. P. 673.
[396] - . Korten D.C. When Corporations Rule the World. P.
224.
[397] - . World Resources 1998-1999. P. 153.
[398] - . Dicken P. Global Shift: The Internationalization
of Economic Activity. L., 1992. P.48.
[399] - .: Greider W. One World, Ready or Not. The Manic
Logic of Global Capitalism. N.Y" 1997. P. 21.
[400] - .: Tolentino P.E. Transnational Rules for
Transnational Corporations: What Next? // Michie J., Smith J.G. (Eds.)
Global Instability. The Political Economy of World Economic Governance.
L.-N.Y., 1999. P. 171.
----------------------------------
25
70
[401]; , 5
,
- [402]. ,
" " ,
,
; 1997
1998 0,19
-
[403].
, ,
.
:
,
.
.
,
XX
. , 1870 1913
, 43
; 50- 60-
89 [404].
:
-- 1872 1899 1913 1950
-- ,
[405],
. :
,
1948 1955
--------------------------------
[401] - .: Dunning J. Multinational Enterprises in a
Global Economy. Wokingham, 1993. P. 15.
[402] - .: Hirst P., Thompson G. Globalization in
Question. The International Economy and the Possibilities of Governance.
Cambridge, 1996. P. 53.
[403] - .: The Economist. 1998. June 27. P. 123.
[404] - .: Abramowitz M., David P.A. Convergence and
Deferred Catch-up: Productivity Leadership and the Waning of American
Exceptionalism // Landau R., Taylor ., Wright G. (Eds.) The Mosaic of
Economic Growth. P. 44.
[405] - .: Hirst P., Thompson G. Globalization in
Question. P. 22.
----------------------------------
6 [406];
1950 1992 3,8 18,9 .,
0,3 3,5 .
[407] ,
8 4 1960-1973 1980-1988
[408], 90- :
, 80- --
90- 5,3 7
[409]. 1970
, , ,
2000- 2020
[410].
""
.
: 1963 1973
, " ",
12 ,
7
. 1973 78
, 70 46
[411].
: 1953
38 , 1963
49 , 1973- -- 54, 1987-,
, -- 54,6, 1990- -- 76 [412] .
, 90- , 5
,
29 -- ,
[413],
--------------------------------------
[406] - .: Kenwood A.G., Lougheed A.L. The Growth of the
International Economy 1820-1990. An Introductory Text. L.-N.Y., 1992. P.
286.
[407] - .: Korten D.C. When Corporations Rule the World.
P. 18.
[408] - .: Hopkins .., Wallerstein E., et al. The Age of
Transition. Trajectory of the World System 1945-2025. L., 1996. P. 71.
[409] - .: Yergin D., Stanislaw J. The Commanding Heights.
P. 370; Kiplinger K. World Boom Ahead. Why Business and Consumers Will
Prosper. Wash., 1998. P. 27.
[410] - .: Judy R. W., D'Amico C. Workforce 2000. P. 23.
[411] - .: Piore M.J., Sabel Ch.F. The Second Industrial
Divide. Possibilities for Prosperity. N.Y., 1984. P. 186.
[412] - .: Krugman P. Peddling Prosperity. Economic Sense
and Nonsense in the Age of Diminishing Expectations. N.Y.-L., 1994. P. 231;
Kenwood A.G., Lougheed A.L. The Growth of the International Econom