, : 30-35
20- 80-
50 [153]. ,
6-8
25 1982-1984 .
----------------
[151] - .: Kiplinger K. World Boom Ahead. Why Business and
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----------------
:
.
12,3 , .
1,3
[154].
1981
, 1971 ;
,
;
, ,
1983
[155].
--
,
. 1981 1989 ,
,
, 75
[156]. ,
,
,
. :
; , 7 (!)
[157]. ,
,
.
.
80-
,
-
----------------
[154] - .: Niskanen W.A. Reaganomics. P. 234.
[155] - .: Ibid. P. 120.
[156] - .: Galbraith James K. Created Unequal.
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[157] - .: Kuttner R. The Economic Illusion. False Choices
Between Prosperity and Social Justice. Philadelphia, 1991. P. 62-63.
----------------
, ,
, ,
. ,
,
. 1980 1988
-- 3,5 8,9 ;
1987
12,2 [158].
.
, . .
, "
1,2
, 0,2
.
;
3,6 1 .
, 1981-1984
,
"[159].
1981-1983
. ,
,
. -, 2,3
1970-1980 3,7 1980-1988-
( 1980-1988
2,8 ),
, 80-
, 70-. -, ,
2,7 ,
, 5 , ,
- - ( )
[160]. , , -,
------------------
[158] - .: Richardson J.D. Trade Policy. P. 634.
[159] - Niskanen W.A. Reaganomics. P. 234.
[160] - .: Krugman P. Pop Internationalism. Cambridge
(Ma.)-L., 1996. P. 100.
------------------
,
;
. ,
1976 1987
4 ,
20 [161].
,
, " ,
-- ,
, , ,
(
), --
( ),
,
,
"[162]. ,
, 80-
; " " ,
.
.
80-
,
. 1975 1990
25 18 , 15
27 25 ;
", ,
"[163].
, ,
,
, . ,
50- ,
--------------
[161] - .: Davis ., Wessel D. Prosperity. P. 92.
[162] - Information Technology and Service Society. A
Twenty-First Century Lever. P. 5-6.
[163] - The Economist. 1997. April 26. P. 88.
--------------
, , 85
, 70-
[164]; 1981 ""
,
1 . . 1964 IBM 7094
6 . . 1995 , ,
,
3 . .[165]
,
, 80-
,
, :
,
, -- ,
; 37
,
12 [166].
, ,
80- ,
,
90-. 80- ,
(,
, .
, .: 2,7 2,9[167]
2,3 2,4 [168]); 80-
( 7,2 6,1
70- 4,7 60-[169]),
( 1980 1988 116 , 134
290 . . [170]), ,
1987 , , ,
, --
,
, . 80-
.
----------------
[164] - .: Chomsky N. World Orders, Old and New. L., 1997.
P. 105.
[165] - .: Dertouzos M.L. What Will Be. How the New World
of Information Will Change Our Lives. N.Y., 1997. P. 321.
[166] - .: The Economist. 1997. December 6. P. 117.
[167] - .: Niskanen W.A. Reaganomics. P. 234.
[168] - .: Krugman P. Peddling Prosperity. P. 117.
[169] - .: Piven F.F., Cloward R.A. Regulating the Poor.
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[170] - .: Figgie H.E., Swanson G.J. Bankruptcy 1995. P.
36.
----------------
,
(
),
( ).
80-
. 70-
, "
...
,
" [171]. ,
,
--
,
, ,
,
. 80-
: ,
"" , ""
,
--------------
[171] - Gray J. False Dawn. The Delusions of Global
Capitalism. L., 1998. P. 3-4.
--------------
(, 1960 1978
13 23 [172]).
,
, " "
[173].
.
80- 82 , 80,7
66
[174];
, 1982 60
[175]. 1973 1986
23,1 21,4 , -- 25,7 22,9
, 7,2 7,7 [176].
(. 6-1).
.
1971 280 500
, 1991 157 [177];
, 345
1000 ( 353 ) [178]; 80-
24 ,
17, -- 5; 9 10
[179].
80- ,
, ,
, .
-
--------------
[172] - .: Piore M.J., Sabel Ch.F. The Second Industrial
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[173] - .: Bamet R.J., Cavanagh J. Global
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[176] - .: Castells M. The Informational Economy and the
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[179] - .: Thurow L. Head to Head. P. 30.
--------------
6-1
(%
)
1975
1980
1985
1988
16,2
14,2
11,1
11,6
27,0
20,6
26,6
23,2
17,6
18,2
12,5
6,7
..
73,0
59,2
41,9
..
60,0
49,0
36,0
()
95,8
55,6
35,0
20,0
..
100,0
80,0
76,0
: ,
.
. ,
,
. : Olmer L.H. [Remark in
the discussion] // Feldstein M. (Ed.) American Economic Policy in the 1980s.
P. 664.
----------------
.
8,1 , -- 2,2
, .
9,5 ,
0,9 [180].
,
1
;
[181];
, , ,
.
80-
.
-
--------------
[180] - .: Niskanen W.A. Reaganomics. P. 232.
[181] - .: Drucker P.F. Managing in a Time of Great
Change. Oxford, 1997. P. 166.
--------------
, (
); ,
.
-, ,
80- ( ., " 1970
1990
20 ; , 1990
20 ,
1970-, ,
;
2 " [182]), -
,
( , " 1990
, ,
, 88
" [183]), , ,
. , ,
[184]
, ,
, ,
(, , IBM,
18 . 6
. ., 90-
, [185]).
, ,
. , 1985
95 . ., 45 . .,
100 ,
. 1985
55 . .,
20 . . ,
115 .
., -- 100 . .,
----------------
[182] - Krugman P. Pop Internationalism. P. 42.
[183] - Ibid. P. 47.
[184] - .: Spulber N. The American Economy. P.
68-69.
[185] - .: Reich R.B. The Work of Nations. P. 123, 120.
----------------
15 [186],
,
.
-, ,
,
1977-1980 . , ,
,
. , 1980
,
: 1981- 36 . ., 1982- -- 67
. ., 1983- 113 . .
? .,
., :
"
, , ".
1981-1983 ,
,
,
; 1979 1985
73
[187]. ,
,
[188]. ,
, ( )
. ,
,
. , , ,
,
[189], -
--------------
[186] - .: Ohmae . The Borderless World. Preparing
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[187] - .: Feldstein M. American Economic Policy in the
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[188] - .: Richardson J.D. Trade Policy. P. 632.
[189] - .: Ohmae K. The Borderless World. P. 138-139.
--------------
"" ,
,
,
;
" ",
70- .
, . 1985
, ;
25 .
, ,
- "" 22 1985 ,
.
.
, 1987
6,1 , " "
. ,
1986 1988 , ,
40 [190].
,
15-20
[191]. , ,
"" ,
, ,
80- .
, 80-
, ,
,
,
.
,
. 1988
20 ,
, ,
,
,
[192].
, ,
; ,
,
90- . 80-
. -,
1987 ,
;
,
7,3 1987 , . , -,
80- --
- 1987 ,
,
,
.
----------------
[190] - .: Feldstein M. American Economic Policy in the
1980s: A Personal View. P. 72-73; Niskanen W.A. Reaganomics. P. 175-176.
[191] - .: Krugman P. The Age of Diminishing Expectations.
P. 140.
----------------
1973-1974 1979-1982 , 1987
, , ,
, 1987
, .
.
----------------
[192] - .: Encarnation D.J. Rivals Beyond Trade. America
versus Japan in Global Competition. Ithaca-L., 1992. P. 22.
----------------
1929 , ,
,
.
.
,
,
, .
, , , ,
(, " ",
""), 1908 1924 950 290 .[193];
( 1918
4,7 , , -- 1,9, 1,4 0,9
;
). ,
368 . , -- 250 .,
-- 178, -- 161, -- 108
.[194]. 20-
: 1921-1929 116
, 34
[195].
20-
.
-- , -- ,
,
[196]. 20-
,
. ,
: 1924
16 , 1925- -- 27, 1926- -- 5,
--------------
[193] - .: Hall .. The Great Depression. An
International Disaster of Perverse Economic Policies. Ann Arbor (Mi.), 1998.
P. 18.
[194] - .: Heilbroner R., Milberg W. The Making of
Economic Society. P. 121.
[195] - .: Hall .. The Great Depression. P. 19.
[196] - .: Galbraith J.K. The Great Crash 1929. L., 1992.
P. 58.
----------------
" ",
- 25 1927 , 29 -- 1928- 30
1929 [197]. , 1921
,
, 1928
(!) ,
, 1929
[198].
: 12 1928 -
3,86 . , 12
4,89 ., 16 6,64 ., 1929
: 8,24 . -- 26 , 12,89 . -- 24 16,41
. -- 29 ;
12 [199].
.
, 1929 :
, ,
,
20, 13,5 17 . 3
452 ,
, The New York
Times, , 224
[200]. -;
, 1929
,
, ,
, 1932 , 8
41,22 [201].
82 ,
25 , 1954
[202]!
,
, .
,
,
----------------
[197] - . Hall .. The Great Depression. P. 23.
[198] - C. Heilbroner R., Milberg W. The Making of Economic
Society. P. 96-97.
[199] - C. Galbraith J.K. The Great Crash 1929. P. 43, 45,
62, 121, 133.
[200] - . Hall .. The Great Depression. P. 65-66.
[201] - C. Davidson J.D., Lord William Rees-Mogg. The Great
Reckoning. P. 288.
[202] - . Hall .. The Great Depression. P. 7.
----------------
,
1933 , 11,4
., 45 ,
[203].
30
[204], 20
1938 [205].
, ,
.
1932
1929- -- 5,5 1,9 .
. ,
;
.
,
, ,
21 1931 ,
[206]. 1931
1928-[207], ;
1935 , 1928-,
6 , 1932 1937
[208].
.
1933 50
, -- 60;
1922-, -- 1908 (!) [209].
, ,
: " "
28 , -- 24, -- 22,
-- 15 [210].
30-
.
----------------
[203] - . Hall .. The Great Depression. P. 83.
[204] - . World Economic Outlook. A Survey by the Staff of
the International Monetary Fund. May 1998. Wash., 1998. P. 46-47.
[205] - . Hall .. The Great Depression. P. 154.
[206] - . Ibid. P. 85-86.
[207] - . Davidson J.D., Lord William Rees-Mogg. The Great
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[208] - C. Plender J. A Stake in the Future. P. 35.
[209] - . Davidson J.D., Lord William Rees-Mogg. The Great
Reckoning. P. 235.
[210] - C. Hall .. The Great Depression. P. 86.
----------------
1987 ,
.