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"" . , . . - XX . : 1970-- 1980- ., 1980-- 1990- ., 1990- . , , XXI . . , . , "" , . ----------- (1) Eisenstadt S. Tradition, Change and Modernity. N. Y., 1973 (2) Crook S., Pakulski J., Waters M. Postmodernization. Change in Advanced Society. L., 1992 (3) Waters M. Globalization. London and N. Y., 1995. [81]   :  , " ", , , . , , XX-XXI ., , , . . , , . , , , " ". , , , (1), - , , , . ----------------- (1) Buhl A. Die virtuelle Gesellschaft. Okonomie, Politik und Kultur im Zeichen des Cyberspace. Opladen, 1997; Becker ., Paetau M. (Hrsg.). Virtualisierung des Sozialen. Die Informationsgesellschaft zwischen Fragmentierung und Globalisierung. Frankfurt a. M., 1997; Kroker A., Weinstein M. Data trash. The theory of the virtual class. Montreal, 1994. [82]  :  , . "" "" . "" , , . . "" , , , ( : , ..). , . . - - - , . , , Internet, , Internet (1); Internet , (2); "" () (3). Internet, , , . , , - ---------------- (1) The virtual bishop // The New Yorker. 1996. Mar. 18. (2) Ibid. (3) Hackwork //The New Yorker. 1996. Jan. 29. [83] , - , , , .. , . . , , . - . - . , . - ( ) , , . - , , , , , , . - , - , , XVI-XVII XIX-XX . . , - . , . . . [84]   :  , , , , ( ). , . , XX . , . , , , , . (. 1). 1. , % \ 1975 1985 1995 15.6 14.3 15.1 42.6 41.7 35.2 (, .) 41.8 44.0 49.7 : . ., 1997. XX . . "" - . 1990- . , . "" (. 2). , - . 1994 . , 1998 . 52,7% [85] 2. \ 1990 1995 1996 1997 11,8% 15,9% 17,7% 17,9% 88,2% 84,1% 82,3% 82,1% : : . ., 1998. 32% 1989 . 1990 1996 . 42,3% 34,2%, 44,2% 50,9%(1). , ( ) , . . , () 2 (. 3). 3. 1994 1995 1996 1997 M2, % 40.0 37.3 36.6* 35.2 * : . ,, 1997. - , , . . . , . , , , , , , , . . , . "" . -------------- (1) . . ., 1999. . 60. [86] , : "". "" . , . . 1. - , , , . , , " ". " - ". , , " " hardware & software -