., .. () * -- . , 1999. . , 1-, 23-. , 1955 8 1950 . , . , , , . , , , . , , . , , , . ( ), , , - . . , , . The Institute for the Study of the History and Culture ol the USSR, organized in Munich on July 8, 1950, represents a free corporation ol scientists and men and women ol letters who have left the Soviet Union and are now engaged in research on their homeland. The purpose of their work is to push back the frontiers of ignorance by presenting to the democratic world the truth about the Soviet Union. Anyone engaged in scholarly investigation may become a collaborator of the Institute regardless of his national or political affiliations provided he is not a Communist Party member or sympathizer. All members of the Soviet emigration who have scholarly qualifications are, therefore, eligible to participate in the work of the Institute, irrespective of their places of residence. The central office of the Institute, now located in Munich, is primarily a clearinghouse for the emigre scholarship ol the USSR. In addition to publishing journals and papers, the Institute sponsors conferences on the USSR and gives modest grants-in-aid for research studies by emigre' scholars. --------  XX "" . . , , . . , , . . , . , . . . 1924 , . , . , , . : . , . , , . , " " , . : , , , . , , " ". " ". 1945 . , . . , . , , , , . - "". . " " . , 15 . 10 "" . , , : , , . , , . , . - . . --------   , , . , -- , , -- . . - . , , 165 . , , , , . , - , . , , , . , , , . , , 1953 1954 . , . , , . . , , , , , . . , , , , . , , , . , ; , , , , , . . *. , , , . --------   . 1. . : , ; , , , , , , 1. , , , , 16- . : " - , , "2. , , -, . . , , . , 7- , " ". , , - , " "3. , , -, . , , , " ". : . 30- " ", , "- " () 35- (, , - . .), , 4. , . , , " " " ", " " (). , . , , , , , , . 4- ( 1922 1926 .) , , , ; "" . - . - , . , , (8- , , . .). , . . " , . 26 1928 , 28- 5. , , - . , . , - , , , , , - - . , - , 20 -- 25 6. - 7; , , . : , , , , , , - . 1930 . , , . , , , . , " 7 1932 ". , 8, , 10 . () . , 8 1934 , " " "". 1934 - , 56-, . , , . - , , 800 000 ( 1934 ); " , , , , - . 1932 1934 . - - , . , , . , , , , , . 10 1934 - , , - (). - . . " ". 7 1935 " ". : ", 12- , , , , , , -- "9. . 10 " 12 ". 28 1940 10. , , 31 1941 , " ", 14- . 26 1940 , 10 , " ". . : 1) 4 1947 " "; 2) 4 1947 " ". 7 1932 , 10 1940 , : 59, 116, 162, 166, 166, 167 169 II. , , . . 11, -- 5 6 3- , 12; , , -- 7 10 13. 30- . , 1934 , . . , , , , - , 58- , . 1936 " " , " " . " " " ". , " " , . , 10 1934 " " , 5 , " " ( " " ) 10 , 15, 20, 25 , , (). , " ". : ( ) 1918 " ", , ( " " 1920 , )14. . 19 1943 " - " , . , , . 26 1947 15. 12 1950 " , "16. , , 6 1953 ( 12 1950 ) , 17. 2. 20 1917 , . 18. , , : . . , , 1917 -- 1920 . , , 1918 " ". ; . " " " " . " "19 . , , , , 1919 , , . , , , . - , , , . , , . ; , , ; , , . , , , -- . . , . , : , ; , - . . , ; . , , , . ( 1941 -- 1945 .). , IX 6 1922 ., -- . " ", " ". , , , , . , . . , . , , , . . , : 1928 , . 10 1934 () (), -- , , , , , , . 10 1934 , ; " " , , 5 . " " , 1936 ; 1936 , " " 25 . , , " ", : , -- ; , , , ( ) , " ". 1936 " " . " ", . . , , . : , " " , , , . , " ", 5 , "-", "" . "- " ( ) , - . , . " " , , - . , , , ( 110 -- 120 ), 1930 18 (15 3 ) 40 , , . , , , " " , . " " (1936 -- 1938). , , , , ( " " "", "", . . 1935 : 1 1934 ). " " 1938 , . . ; , . . , , , . "" ( - ). "" . ,. 13 20 , "" 2 -- 3 . - " ". . , , . . . , , . . . " " , , . . 1941 () (). 19 1943 , -- . . , , , . . " ", , , , . . 19 1943 . 19 1943 . " " " ". "" , , . "" , , . " " 20 . , - , (, . .), . . "" . " " . , 19 1943 , 21. , , . , -- , , , , . . , , , , , , , , , . 1917 1954 , . 1 6- . . , . 5, , 1950. 2 , . 10. 3 , . 5, 7-. 4 , . 21 -- 23, 55-. 5 , . 16, 28-. 6 30- . , , , 1932, . II, 87, 88. 7 , . 20, 56-. 8 162 "" . , , , 1950, . 105.