.  © Dr Mahathir bin Mohamad © : veritas628@yahoo.com : Dr Mahathir bin Mohamad. The Way Forward. Wiedenfeld & Nicolson, London, UK, 1998. . ", , , ." (.. , " , ...") " (. 1925), - (Malaysia) 1981; ", - , , " " ( , ) . , , , (Dr Mahathir bin Mohamad). - 20 1925 - (Alor Setar), (Kedah). , , , , , . , , . 1953 , , (Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali), ( - ), (the University of Malaya). 1946 , 19 , ( - United Malays National Organisation), , , . . " ", , , , 1964 , , . , , 1969 - (Tunku Abdul Rahman) , . , " " (The Malay Dilemma). , - , . , " " , 1974 . , 1981 - - . ( 2002 2003 ). -, , , , , "" "" . , , , - . 30 , , (New Economic Policy) (1971-1990) (National Development Policy) (1991-2000). , 2020 . " " , , , . . " " , , : " , , . ... , , , , " ". , , ". , 1997 . , , , , , , " ", - , . , , - , . -, , "". , , , . - , . - , . , . , , " " , , . , , , . , , . - , , , , , . , , , , . " " , , . , , , , , . Veritas628@yahoo.com  . . 13 1969 - (Kuala - Lumpur) , : . , , " ", . , - , , , . -, , , . - , . , . (Malayan Union) - , (Whitehall) . (. .: 1826 , (Penang) . (Melaka) - (Straits Settlements)) . , . , , - , , - . , , , , 1955 , , , (Alliance) ( - United Malays National Organisation), ( - Malayan Chinese Association) ( - Malayan Indian Congress). , , , . , 57 , , ( - Pan Malayan Islamic Party), . , , , , . (. .: 1963 , , ( - Malaysian Chinese Association) ( - Malaysian Indian Congress)). , , , , . , , , . 1957 , , . , . . - , , . - , , , , , - . , , , - . , : , , . , , , . , . . , , , . , . , , , , . - , , , , , , . . , , , , , , . , , , , , , . , , . , - , . , . 1969 . , , - : , - , . , , . , 1969 , , , (Sarawak) . . , , , , " ". . , - , , . - , , , . (Kelantan), (Gerakan). (Perak) (Selangor), . . , " ". , , , , -, . , , . , - . , , . , , . , : , , 1969 . , , , , , 1970 , , 7% . . , - (Barisan Nasional) (National Front). , , , . . , , , . , , . , 1969 . , - , . , . 1. . " , , - , , , , ." (, 384-322 . ..) , , : , . , 50-60- , , , , , . ? 1969 "" : , . , , , . (National Operations Council), 1969 , . , : . , , , . (. .: "bumiputera", , " ". , -, , , "bumiputera", ("Newsweek" 29.07.2002, . 26), , , . "bumiputera" "". - , , , , , "bumiputera", - , - (55%) - "": (34%) (10%), , , .) (National Consultative Council), , , , , . , , . , , , , , . , 20 (), 1971 , : ; (the eradication of poverty irrespective of race) . (the elimination of the identification of race with economic function) 1969 , , . : , , , . , . , - , , , . , , , , . , , . , . , . , . , . , -, , . , , - . 1970 , 4.9%. , - , - , - . (Bank Malay), , , -, . " " ( - Maj1is Amanah Rakyat), - (Rural Industrial Development Authority), , . , - . , . " " , . . , , - . , , , . , XIX . , , , . , , , . XIX : , . , , , " ", , , . , , . , , , . . , , . , , . , , . , 20 . , " ". , 56% , , 2.4%, 30%. , 34.3% 40%, - 63.3% 30%. 20 , , - . " ", . (. .: "affirmative action" - , (Lindon Johnson) 1965 , , , ..) , , , . , . "-" (Ali-Baba), - , . " ", . , , . - "-". , , , , . . , , , , . , . , , , . , . , , - , , , , . , - , . , . . , , , . : , , - . . -, . , . , , . (MBA - Master of Business Administration), , " " (Business Management). , . . . , , , . - , , , , . , , . , , , , , . ( - State Economic Development Corporations). , , , . . : . , , . , -, -, . , . 1985 206 1,273 . (. .: $1 = 3.8 ) (57.1%) . 1990 258, 2,116 . , , 80- . , , (Pahang) - (Negeri Sembilan), , . , , . 1985 392 10,099 . 1990 462, - 18,860 . , , . , , . , , , . , " ". , - ( - Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange) 30% . , , . , , . , , . , , . , , , , - . , , , , . , - . , , . , "" , , - . .