> ( :), ) root'y
> /sbin/sh /bin/ksh
> /etc/passwd, ,
> /sbin/ksh.
> :
> $ su root -c /sbin/sh
> . .
> , : ?
. . - ",
shell ..." :-)
0. shell - root' - : su root -m -s /bin/sh
, -
single user mode CD/floppy/tape
1. df, / ,
,
mknod # mkdev, mknode, mksf -
#
,
- /dev/root ( "/"
mknod /dev/root b 3 0x000002 #
2. //CD.
install/update/system maintance
"system maintence" ( root' shell)
/dev/root /mnt
/mnt/etc/passwd
No 1
-
(!). -
mknode .
No 2
vi ( terminfo) .
.
echo "toor::0:0:Yet another Super-User:/:" >> /mnt/etc/passwd
^^^^^^
>> > ( :-)
:
PATH=$PATH:/mnt/bin:/mnt/usr/bin export PATH
TERMINFO=/mnt/usr/lib/terminfo #
- ,
,
, .
: root passwd Motorola Unix SVR4/88.
1. major/minor / /usr
104 0 /dev/root
104 3 /dev/dsk/m197_c0d0s3
2. , maintance .
3. , / /usr,
(..
root ).
mkdir /mnt
mknod /dev/rootn b 104 0
/etc/fs/ufs/fsck /dev/rootn
mount -F ufs /dev/rootn /mnt
/usr
mknod /dev/usr3 b 104 3
/etc/fs/ufs/fsck /dev/usr3
mount -F ufs /dev/usr3 /mnt/usr
4. /etc/passwd, root
echo "toor::0:1:Adm:/:/sbin/sh" >> /mnt/etc/passwd
5. C root' ( /mnt)
chroot /mnt /sbin/sh
6. shadow
pwconv
.
Date: 20 Apr 1997
From: Bernshtam Pavel (barnshte@CS.bgu.ac.il)
- /etc/fstab reboot
- - ( Axil SunOS
4.1) single user.
ls - Command not found - - /usr
SUN' /sbin - mount,
- /sbin/mount /usr.
VI!
set TERM -
VI. fstab - ( -
PICO, VI !!!), , save' - root partition
READ ONLY !!!
stop-A.
, , boot-
b -rw ( write),
mount VI /etc/fstab.
... - VI /var , .
/tmp - /var/tmp , VI /tmp .
/* Linux -
read-write - single-user-mode
mount -n -o remount /
*/
, ".*" ".."
rm -r .*
( unix' , )
From:
"... SCO- Oracl
..."
# cd /usr/tmp
# rm -rf *
, /usr/tmp/.X11-0 ..
# rm -rf .* # !
# du
ldd: Can not open file
# df
ldd: Can not open file
# ls -al
ldd: Can not open file
. . .
. ,
/usr/tmp/.* /usr/tmp/.. reboot' ,
/usr .
, Unix + TCP/IP -
.
1. IP-,
... - ,
ifconfig eth0 down
.
ifconfig eth0 NEW-IP .
, _ _
ifconfig eth0 down ; ifconfig eth0 NEW-IP up ; route add ...
2. security.
/etc/hosts.deny
ALL:ALL
/etc/hosts.allow
ALL:193.263.12.13
^^^ , ,
- .
, reset ,
, , . telnet'
- .
, - voila!
Linux. 1993 . LibC. , ,
- - , - .
cd lib
mv libc.so libc.so-old
mv libc.so-new libc.so
ldd: Can not execute, shared library not found
Finish.
, hd.
, , ,
, .
... Linux. ,
/sbin - staticaly-linked -
libc .
HP-UX sam'
- GUI, - .
- - .
, "Ok" SAM
trusted . , .
, root. trusted
,
- .
- single user mode:
prompt IPL
IPL> hpux -is
sam. "untrusted"
# mount -a
# sam
boot -
.
4. Security class C2: , SCO
Security class C2 - .
. - .
SCO
, . getty
, 6- ,
getty Login "Intruder attempts, tty
line /dev/modem disabled".
getty.
screen-saver , ? , ,
CTRL.
/tmp. - root'.
rm -rf /tmp/*, ,
rm -rf /_ - .
, , __
. , ?
Last-modified: Mon, 08 Aug 2005 06:33:52 GMT