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ขโฎเแชจฅ เ งคฅซ๋: ฎขเฅฌฅญญ ๏ แโเฎแ๎ฆฅโญ ๏ ญโ แโจช
(เ งฌฅเ) [rate] ค โ ฌฎคจไ. ("THE DESIGN OF THE UNIX OPERATING SYSTEM" by Maurice J. Bach)
ฅเฅขฎค เ๎ชฎข . .
เฅคจแซฎขจฅ......................................................... 3
1
1.1 ......................................................... 6
1.2
............................................... 8
1.3
.............................. 10
1.3.1 ฉซฎข ๏ แจแโฅฌ .......................................... 10
1.3.2 เฅค ข๋ฏฎซญฅญจ๏ ฏเฎๆฅแแฎข................................ 14
1.3.3 ซฅฌฅญโ๋ ชฎญแโเใชๆจฎญญ๋ๅ กซฎชฎข........................... 16
1.4
................................... 17
1.5
................................ 18
1.5.1 เฅเ๋ข ญจ๏ จ ฎแฎก๋ฅ แจโใ ๆจจ.............................. 19
1.5.2 เฎขญจ ฏเฅเ๋ข ญจ๏ ฏเฎๆฅแแฎเ .............................. 20
1.5.3 แฏเฅคฅซฅญจฅ ฏ ฌ๏โจ...................................... 20
1.6 ......................................................... 21
2
2.1
UNIX.......................... 22
2.2
............................ 24
2.2.1 กงฎเ ฎแฎกฅญญฎแโฅฉ ฏฎคแจแโฅฌ๋ ใฏเ ขซฅญจ๏ ไ ฉซ ฌจ.......... 24
2.2.2 เฎๆฅแแ๋.................................................. 26
2.2.2.1 ฎญโฅชแโ ฏเฎๆฅแแ .................................... 31
2.2.2.2 ฎแโฎ๏ญจ๏ ฏเฎๆฅแแ ................................... 31
2.2.2.3 ฅเฅๅฎค๋ จง แฎแโฎ๏ญจ๏ ข แฎแโฎ๏ญจฅ.................... 31
2.2.2.4 "ฎญ" จ ฏเฎกใฆคฅญจฅ.................................. 34
2.3 .......................................... 35
2.4
............................................ 36
2.5
................................ 37
2.6
..................................................... 38
ฎฃซ 3
3.1
.............................................. 39
3.2
(
).................... 41
3.3
........................................ 42
3.4
............................... 52
3.5
...................... 55
3.6 ........................................................ 56
3.7
.................................................... 57
ฎฃซ 4
4.1
....................................................... 59
4.1.1 ฏเฅคฅซฅญจฅ.............................................. 59
4.1.2 กเ ้ฅญจฅ ช จญคฅชแ ฌ..................................... 62
4.1.3 แขฎกฎฆคฅญจฅ จญคฅชแฎข.................................... 64
4.2 ................................. 64
4.3 ...................................................... 70
4.4
( )
....................................... 71
4.5
..................................................... 73
4.6
............................... 73
4.7
..................................... 80
4.8
............................................ 83
4.9 ........................................................ 83
ฎฃซ 5
5.1 OPEN.......................................................... 86
5.2 READ.......................................................... 90
5.3 WRITE......................................................... 95
5.4 ......................................... 96
5.5
,
- -LSEEK 96
5.6 CLOSE......................................................... 97
5.7
................................................ 99
5.8
.................................. 100
5.9
.......................... 102
5.10
.................... 103
5.11 STAT FSTAT................................................ 103
5.12 ...................................................... 104
5.12.1 จแโฅฌญ ๏ ไใญชๆจ๏ pipe................................. 104
5.12.2 โชเ๋โจฅ ฏฎจฌฅญฎข ญญฎฃฎ ช ญ ซ ......................... 106
5.12.3 โฅญจฅ จง ช ญ ซฎข จ ง ฏจแ์ ข ช ญ ซ๋.................... 106
5.12.4 ชเ๋โจฅ ช ญ ซฎข....................................... 108
5.12.5 เจฌฅเ๋................................................ 109
5.13 DUP......................................................... 110
5.14
............... 111
5.14.1 ฅเฅแฅ็ฅญจฅ โฎ็ฅช ฌฎญโจเฎข ญจ๏ ข ฌ เ่เใโ ๅ ฏฎจแช ไ ฉซฎข.. 115
5.14.2 ฅฌฎญโจเฎข ญจฅ ไ ฉซฎขฎฉ แจแโฅฌ๋........................... 118
5.15 LINK........................................................ 120
5.16 UNLINK...................................................... 123
5.16.1 ฅซฎแโญฎแโ์ ไ ฉซฎขฎฉ แจแโฅฌ๋.............................. 125
5.16.2 ฎขฎค๋ คซ๏ ชฎญชใเฅญๆจจ.................................... 126
5.17
................... 129
5.18
.............................. 130
5.19 ...................................................... 131
5.20
.................................................. 131
ฎฃซ 6
6.1
..................... 137
6.2
........................................ 141
6.2.1 กซ แโจ................................................. 141
6.2.2 โเ ญจๆ๋ จ โ กซจๆ๋ แโเ ญจๆ.............................. 143
6.2.3 งฌฅ้ฅญจฅ ๏คเ ......................................... 145
6.2.4 เฎแโเ ญแโขฎ ฏเฎๆฅแแ ................................... 146
6.3
............................................ 147
6.4
................................ 150
6.4.1 เฅเ๋ข ญจ๏ จ ฎแฎก๋ฅ แจโใ ๆจจ............................ 151
6.4.2 ง จฌฎคฅฉแโขจฅ แ ฎฏฅเ ๆจฎญญฎฉ แจแโฅฌฎฉ ็ฅเฅงงฎข๋
แจแโฅฌญ๋ๅ ไใญชๆจฉ....................................... 153
6.4.3 ฅเฅชซ๎็ฅญจฅ ชฎญโฅชแโ .................................. 156
6.4.4 ฎๅเ ญฅญจฅ ชฎญโฅชแโ ญ แซใ็ ฉ ข เจฉญฎฃฎ ง ขฅเ่ฅญจ๏.... 158
6.4.5 ฎฏจเฎข ญจฅ ค ญญ๋ๅ ฌฅฆคใ คเฅแญ๋ฌ ฏเฎแโเ ญแโขแจแ-
โฅฌ๋ จ คเฅแญ๋ฌ ฏเฎแโเ ญแโขฎฌ ง ค ็จ.................... 159
6.5
................... 159
6.5.1 ซฎชจเฎขช ฎกซ แโจ จ แญ๏โจฅ กซฎชจเฎขชจ.................. 160
6.5.2 ๋คฅซฅญจฅ ฎกซ แโจ....................................... 160
6.5.3 เจแฎฅคจญฅญจฅ ฎกซ แโจ ช ฏเฎๆฅแแใ........................ 161
6.5.4 งฌฅญฅญจฅ เ งฌฅเ ฎกซ แโจ............................... 162
6.5.5 ฃเใงช ฎกซ แโจ........................................ 163
6.5.6 แขฎกฎฆคฅญจฅ ฎกซ แโจ.................................... 167
6.5.7 โแฎฅคจญฅญจฅ ฎกซ แโจ ฎโ ฏเฎๆฅแแ ........................ 168
6.5.8 ฎฏจเฎข ญจฅ แฎคฅเฆจฌฎฃฎ ฎกซ แโจ......................... 169
6.6
...................................... 170
6.6.1 ฎก๋โจ๏, ข๋ง๋ข ๎้จฅ ฏเจฎแโ ญฎข ข๋ฏฎซญฅญจ๏, จ จๅ คเฅแ .. 171
6.6.2 ซฃฎเจโฌ๋ ฏเจฎแโ ญฎข จ ขฎงฎกญฎขซฅญจ๏ ข๋ฏฎซญฅญจ๏........ 173
6.7 ....................................................... 175
6.8
................................................... 176
ฎฃซ 7
7.1
............................................ 179
7.2 ...................................................... 187
7.2.1 กเ กฎโช แจฃญ ซฎข...................................... 190
7.2.2 เใฏฏ๋ ฏเฎๆฅแแฎข........................................ 197
7.2.3 ฎแ๋ซช แจฃญ ซฎข ฏเฎๆฅแแ ฌจ............................. 197
7.3
............................... 198
7.4
...................... 200
7.5 ........................................ 204
7.6
...................... 213
7.7
................................... 215
7.8
SHELL.................................... 218
7.9
......................... 220
7.10 ...................................................... 223
7.11
.................................................. 224
ฎฃซ 8
8.1
............................ 232
8.1.1 ซฃฎเจโฌ................................................ 233
8.1.2 เ ฌฅโเ๋ คจแฏฅโ็ฅเจง ๆจจ............................... 233
8.1.3 เจฌฅเ๋ คจแฏฅโ็ฅเจง ๆจจ ฏเฎๆฅแแฎข....................... 237
8.1.4 ฏเ ขซฅญจฅ ฏเจฎเจโฅโ ฌจ................................. 238
8.1.5 ซ ญจเฎข ญจฅ ญ ฎแญฎขฅ แฏเ ขฅคซจขฎฃฎ เ งคฅซ ............ 239
8.1.6 กฎโ ข เฅฆจฌฅ เฅ ซ์ญฎฃฎ ขเฅฌฅญจ....................... 241
8.2
,
.................... 241
8.3
....................................................... 243
8.3.1 ฅเฅง ฏใแช ็ แฎข........................................ 245
8.3.2 ญใโเฅญญจฅ แจแโฅฌญ๋ฅ โ ฉฌ- ใโ๋.......................... 246
8.3.3 ฎแโเฎฅญจฅ ฏเฎไจซ๏...................................... 247
8.3.4 ็ฅโ จ แโ โจแโจช ....................................... 250
8.3.5 ฎคคฅเฆ ญจฅ ขเฅฌฅญจ ข แจแโฅฌฅ........................... 251
8.4 ....................................................... 251
8.5
................................................... 251
ฎฃซ 9
9.1 ...................................................... 253
9.1.1 ฏเ ขซฅญจฅ ฏเฎแโเ ญแโขฎฌ ญ ใแโเฎฉแโขฅ ข๋ฃเใงชจ......... 253
9.1.2 ๋ฃเใงช ฏเฎๆฅแแฎข...................................... 257
9.1.2.1 ๋ฃเใงช ฏเจ ข๋ฏฎซญฅญจจ แจแโฅฌญฎฉ ไใญชๆจจ fork........ 259
9.1.2.2 ๋ฃเใงช แ เ แ่จเฅญจฅฌ................................ 260
9.1.3 ฃเใงช (ฏฎคช ็ช ) ฏเฎๆฅแแฎข........................... 260
9.2 .......................................... 265
9.2.1 โเใชโใเ๋ ค ญญ๋ๅ, จแฏ-ฌ๋ฅ ฏฎคแจแโฅฌฎฉ ง ฌฅ้ฅญจ๏ แโเ ญจๆ..267
9.2.1.1 ใญชๆจ๏ fork ข แจแโฅฌฅ แ ง ฌฅ้ฅญจฅฌ แโเ ญจๆ........ 270
9.2.1.2 ใญชๆจ๏ exec ข แจแโฅฌฅ แ ง ฌฅ้ฅญจฅฌ แโเ ญจๆ........ 272
9.2.2 "กฎเ้จช" แโเ ญจๆ....................................... 274
9.2.3 โช ง๋ ฏเจ ฎกเ ้ฅญจ๏ๅ ช แโเ ญจๆ ฌ....................... 277
9.2.3.1 กเ กฎโช ฏเฅเ๋ข ญจฉ ฏฎ ฎโช งใ จง-ง ญฅคฎแโใฏญฎแโจ 278
9.2.3.2 กเ กฎโช ฏเฅเ๋ข ญจฉ ฏฎ ฎโช งใ แจแโฅฌ๋ ง ้จโ๋...... 282
9.2.4 ฌฅ้ฅญจฅ แโเ ญจๆ ญ ฌฅญฅฅ แซฎฆญฎฉ โฅๅญจ็ฅแชฎฉ ก งฅ..... 285
9.3
.. 286
9.4 ....................................................... 287
9.5
................................................... 287
ฎฃซ 10
-
10.1
.. 290
10.1.1 ฎญไจฃใเ ๆจ๏ แจแโฅฌ๋................................... 291
10.1.2 จแโฅฌญ๋ฅ ไใญชๆจจ จ ขง จฌฎคฅฉแโขจฅ แ คเ ฉขฅเ ฌจ........ 293
10.1.2.1 Open.............................................. 294
10.1.2.2 Close............................................. 297
10.1.2.3 Read จ Write...................................... 298
10.1.2.4 โเ โฅฃจ็ฅแชจฉ จญโฅเไฅฉแ.......................... 299
10.1.2.5 Ioctl............................................. 300
10.1.2.6 เใฃจฅ ไใญชๆจจ, จฌฅ๎้จฅ ฎโญฎ่ฅญจฅ ช ไ ฉซฎขฎฉ แจแโฅ 300
10.1.3 เฎฃเ ฌฌ๋ ฎกเ กฎโชจ ฏเฅเ๋ข ญจฉ......................... 301
10.2
........................................... 301
10.3
....................................... 305
10.3.1 จฌขฎซ์ญ๋ฅ แฏจแชจ...................................... 307
10.3.2 ฅเฌจญ ซ์ญ๋ฉ คเ ฉขฅเ ข ช ญฎญจ็ฅแชฎฌ เฅฆจฌฅ............. 310
10.3.3 ฅเฌจญ ซ์ญ๋ฉ คเ ฉขฅเ ข เฅฆจฌฅ กฅง ฎกเ กฎโชจ แจฌขฎซฎข... 315
10.3.4 ฏเฎแ โฅเฌจญ ซ ........................................ 318
10.3.5 งญ ็ฅญจฅ ฎฏฅเ โฎเแชฎฃฎ โฅเฌจญ ซ ..................... 318
10.3.6 เ ฉขฅเ ชฎแขฅญญฎฃฎ โฅเฌจญ ซ ........................... 319
10.3.7 ๅฎค ข แจแโฅฌใ......................................... 319
10.4 ...................................................... 320
10.4.1 ฎซฅฅ คฅโ ซ์ญฎฅ เ แแฌฎโเฅญจฅ ฏฎโฎชฎข................... 324
10.4.2 ญ ซจง ฏฎโฎชฎข......................................... 326
10.5 ...................................................... 327
10.6
.................................................. 327
ฎฃซ 11
11.1
....................................... 330
11.2
V
................. 334
11.2.1 ฎฎก้ฅญจ๏.............................................. 335
11.2.2 งคฅซฅญจฅ ฏ ฌ๏โจ...................................... 341
11.2.3 ฅฌ ไฎเ๋............................................... 344
11.2.4 ก้จฅ ง ฌฅ็ ญจ๏........................................ 353
11.3
....................................... 354
11.4
...................................................... 355
11.5 ...................................................... 360
11.6
.................................................. 360
ฎฃซ 12
12.1
,
.......... 362
12.2
............................ 363
12.3
.................................................... 365
12.3.1 ฏเฅคฅซฅญจฅ แฅฌ ไฎเฎข.................................. 366
12.3.2 ฅ ซจง ๆจ๏ แฅฌ ไฎเฎข................................... 367
12.3.3 เจฌฅเ๋ ซฃฎเจโฌฎข..................................... 374
12.3.3.1 ๋คฅซฅญจฅ กใไฅเ .................................. 374
12.3.3.2 Wait.............................................. 377
12.3.3.3 เ ฉขฅเ๋.......................................... 377
12.3.3.4 จชโจขญ๋ฅ ฏเฎๆฅแแ๋................................ 378
12.4
TUNIS............................................... 378
12.5
..... 379
12.6
.................................................. 379
ฎฃซ 13
13.1
..................................... 382
13.2 NEWCASTLE........................................ 390
13.3 "
"
................ 393
13.4
............ 396
13.5 ...................................................... 397
13.6
.................................................. 398
ฎฃซ
............................................... 400
access....................................................... 400
acct......................................................... 400
alarm........................................................ 400
brk.......................................................... 401
chdir........................................................ 401
chmod........................................................ 401
chown........................................................ 401
chroot....................................................... 401
close........................................................ 402
creat........................................................ 402
dup.......................................................... 402
exec......................................................... 402
exit......................................................... 402
fcntl........................................................ 403
fork......................................................... 404
getpid....................................................... 404
getuid....................................................... 404
ioctl........................................................ 404
kill......................................................... 404
link......................................................... 405
lseek........................................................ 405
mknod........................................................ 405
mount........................................................ 406
msgctl....................................................... 406
msgget....................................................... 407
msgsnd จ msgrcv.............................................. 407
nice......................................................... 408
open......................................................... 408
pause........................................................ 409
pipe......................................................... 409
plock........................................................ 409
profil....................................................... 410
ptrace....................................................... 410
read......................................................... 410
semctl....................................................... 411
semget....................................................... 412
semop........................................................ 412
setpgrp...................................................... 413
setuid....................................................... 413
shmctl....................................................... 413
shmget....................................................... 414
shmop........................................................ 414
signal....................................................... 415
stat......................................................... 416
stime........................................................ 416
sync......................................................... 416
time......................................................... 416
times........................................................ 417
ulimit....................................................... 417
umask........................................................ 417
umount....................................................... 418
uname........................................................ 418
unlink....................................................... 418
ustat........................................................ 418
utime........................................................ 419
wait......................................................... 419
write........................................................ 419
..................................................... 420
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