ures of a liquid, filled in with appropriate fng. units. Therefore in blood there is always a full list of elements, being used in organic cells during their synthesising, and they move at a necessary moment from fnl. cells of blood to appropriate fnl. cells of an organic cell, being synthesised. Vacant fnl. cells of blood are filled in at once with new fng. units from the accumulative subsystem of fnl. cells or directly from the subsystem of digestion. Fnl. cells of blood hold in appropriate elements and compounds as well as ensuring their transference to fnl. cells of organic cells being synthesised on a bioelectrical basis.
   Due to the fact that all biochemical reactions in organic cells happen at a strictly set temperature, in organisms of the second generation there is a more perfected, than in organisms of the first generation, subsystem of thermoregulation, providing the constancy of the internal temperature of a body in spite of any temperature fluctuations of the habitat. Sometimes these fluctuations reach 70oC.
   Because of a big complexity of formation and functioning of the system of the second generation's organisms, it required a reliable subsystem of self-preservation, or the protective subsystem, the beginning of which we can observe already in organisms of the first generation. The said subsystem includes special organs and fnl. algorithms both of the external and internal self-defences. In particular, the internal self-defence is directed mainly against penetrating into organisms' various organs of foreign formations, which the subsystem of self-defence tries to destroy and remove from the system. It is interesting that one of the methods of the internal self-defence, is based on the principle of constancy of the temperature for reactions going in biosystems. Coming from the fact that intruded micro-organisms (for example, viruses) reactionary are more active as they do not have practically any accumulative subsystem, the organism with the purpose of self-defence raises through the subsystem of thermoregulation the common temperature in the whole system, consciously taking the risk of temporary breach of some of its own bioreactions. However, the breaches caused by this in foreign microsystems are much more serious, due to which they perish and are removed from the organism's system, while the temperature conditions characteristic for a given organism are restored again by the subsystem of thermoregulation.
   Organisms of the second generation have to move permanently, as it is known, in search of food on the land, in the water and the air. To provide a secure travel as well as a more fruitful search of food the subsystem of perception, search and orientation went under extensive development in the systems of these organisms. It includes organs of eyesight, hearing and smell. With their help organisms can easily orient themselves in space and more effectively carry on the search of consumed parts of organisms of the first generation. The said organs also participate in algorithms of the functioning of the subsystem of the external self-defence.
   Among other subsystems of organisms of the second generation it is necessary to pick out the three most important. One of them became the singled out subsystem of communication of getting irritated, or excitements. For an organism moving along the substratum in conditions of a quickly changing situation a more accelerated communication of appropriate signals from one organ to another one was needed. Owing to this the communication of signals in the organisms of the second generation came to have an entirely bioelectrical basis and the singled out subsystem of communication has developed into the central nervous subsystem (the CNS). The organic cells, included in this organ, differ through an especially good electric conductivity, due to which so named currents of rest and currents of action are constantly circulating in them. In the presence of some irritant an excitement of a given part of the tissue is taking place and a current of action arises in connection with this. The excited part of tissue acquires the negative electrical charge with regard to any part of it not excited, after that according to an available algorithm the bioelectrical potential is being communicated into an appropriate organ of the system, while the velocity of communication of the signal owing to the evolution gradually increased in the end to 120 m/sec. The single CNS of organisms of the second generation took upon itself the function of coordinating of fnl. activity practically of all subsystems of the organism, giving in such a way the ground for the originating of the more improved, than in organisms of the first generation, first signal subsystem and together with it of organisms' peculiar 'spirituality'. The further evolution of the first signal subsystem was in the way of the establishment and consolidation of so named reflex arcs, which were forming a certain chain of fnl. cells, filled in with appropriate nervous cells. In the process of the formation of the CNS its individual parts were functionally differentiating more and more, originating the spinal cord, the cerebrum, the vegetative nervous subsystem.
   A distinguishing feature of nervous cells is that they, in contradistinction to others, do not have the capability to a cell-fission and exist during the whole life of an organism, owing to which an established once reflex arc under certain conditions exists till the moment of the desintegration of the organism's entire system. The first signal subsystem includes reflex arcs, communicating excitements both from receptors, reacting to external irritants, and from receptors of internal irritations. The structure of stable reflex arcs is recorded genetically and reproduced in following generations, creating the list of so named unconditioned reflexes. As a result the nervous subsystem of the organism has acquired the biggest significance in carrying out regulation and precise coordination of fnl. activity of the various subsystems of the single organism.
   In the process of the existence of organisms of the second generation more and more situations began to turn out, when to some receptors' irritations it was more expedient for the organism to react quite differently. So, for example, a replete animal at seeing new portions of food or water does not react to them somehow, as its first signal subsystem, besides the receiving of the signal from the receptor of its eye at the same time, receives also a signal from a receptor of the accumulative subsystem of its organism, and this signal by its irritating strength for some time proves to be stronger than the first one. Through analysis of constantly received signals about irritations of various strength of numerous receptors in junctions of the centres of refraction of reflex arcs in the depths of the CNS the centres of analysis and processing of irritating signals began to form, on which the function of coordination of subsequent reactions to the most irritations, communicated from various receptors, fell. As the evolution of organisms of the second generation was going on these analytical centres of the first signal subsystem were localised more and more in the structures of the cerebrum, but taking into consideration that functionally organisms of the second generation were differing one from another more and more, an analogous bigger and bigger difference the analytical fnl. centres of the CNS were acquiring as well. Thus, with time it became more and more obvious that each newly appearing function of organisms of the second generation was receiving its own analytical centre of the CNS' cerebrum, that is the actual field of the motion of Matter in quality-time () at the new phase of its Evolution was moving more and more into the structures of the organism's cerebrum.
   One more important subsystem of organisms of the second generation became the subsystem of gene recording, which besides coding of the structural deployment of an entire system as well as the composition of all fng. units began recording genetically also the reflex connections of arcs and the appropriate analytical fnl. centres of the signal subsystem of the CNS. Exactly in this way the genotype of organisms began to arise. Being created anew afterwards reflex arcs and analytical fnl. centres after consolidating them as conditioned reflexes were making up the phenotype of the organism, after that were recorded genetically and handed down, going already equally with reflexes recorded before into the genotype of following generations, supplementing it accordingly and developing more and more its 'spirituality'.
   The last important subsystem of organisms of the second generation, which it is necessary to consider, is the subsystem of the reproduction of posterity, based on the functional division of all organisms into two sexes: male and female individuals. With time each sex was acquiring more and more fnl. specialisation, however the organs of subsystems, taking the direct part in reproduction of posterity, got the largest distinction. The conception of every organism begins from the moment of joining of two specialised organic cells - gametes, separately taken from individuals of both sexes. In each gamete there is its own gene recording, which is comprised in a haploid set of several tens of chromosomes, while any intrachromosomal deviation of a genome is reflected in a certain way in the being formed genofund of posterity. The development of foetuses of mammals' organisms takes place at first in the special subsystem of a mother organism under the control of its CNS regulating first of all the entire supply of appropriate nutritive elements for the filling in of fnl. cells of a new organism's structure being deployed. After the birth of the young cub and its separation from the mother system, the supply of the new organism with nutritive elements by the mother organism is carried out still for a long time and it comes in the form of the special solution (milk), being produced by the appropriate fnl. subsystem of the female individual's organism. Organisms of the second generation also have subsystems of reproduction of posterity by means of laying eggs, constituting an embryo in the milieu strictly dosed of thoroughly selected nutritive elements, which it fully utilizes as fng. units for fnl. cells of a structure deployed until a certain moment of its own development.
   Thus, the morphological and physiological differentiation of subsystems of organisms of the second generation, which was occurring over many millions of years, met the requirements of the motion of Matter along the ordinate quality-time (), being at the same time a direct consequence of this motion. It is necessary to note that the said form of motion in the Evolution of Matter by that moment became definitely dominating for the area of the Universe being examined, as the motion in space-time began taking more and more a secondary subsidiary part.
   In the process of evolution new, higher in its organisation groups of organisms were arising in the way of aromorphosises, idioadaptations and degenerations. At one of the stages of the said process of evolution of the systemic organisation of Matter the representatives of organisms of the third generation appeared. To them such organisms are attributed, that utilize for construction half-finished products during the synthesis of their fng. units neither inorganic substances of the humus layer and nor organic compounds divided into particles of tissues of individual organs of plants, but considerably more complex organic substances of tissues of organisms of the second generation. As a result of this, the necessity to consume individual organs of various plants permanently and in big quantities in order to fill in fnl. cells of their subsystems with appropriate fng. units fell away from the carnivores, as they began to be named later. It became enough for them to seize one of organisms of the second generation to obtain at once in a big quantity a variety of many essential elements, being in fnl. cells of the organism of a herbivorous animal and from which they could synthesise fng. units for the subsystems of their organism. Starting from this time the organism began to receive necessary elements in the form of ready blocks (block-nutrition), that fully met the principles of the formation of material systems, pre-determining the utilization of stable complexes of units of preceding levels as fng. units in structures of all subsequent stages of organisation.
   In the systemic organisation of organisms of the third generation fewer changes took place in respect to organisms of the second generation, than it was between the second and the first generations. First of all the subsystem of digestion was changed considerably being adapted for the new form of nutrition, as well as the nervous subsystem which got some more fnl. significance. Among organisms of the third generation the on-land animals began to be noted more and more by the level of their development. In the end, all further evolution of the animal world on the whole began to come precisely to a consecutive complication of the CNS in the on-land organisms of the third generation, increasing in intensification and efficiency of its use, augmenting the diversity of its functions' spectrum. Mainly it told on the systemic organisation of the cerebrum, which was becoming more and more the specialised subsystem of multiplying analytical fnl. centres, uniting analysers and initiators of most of the processes, going inside the organism, and of some - outside of it.
   In spite of a big number of species of organisms of all three generations (on the Earth only nowadays they number about 0.5 millions of plants' species and 1.5 mln. - animals') and their fnl. heterogeneity, nonetheless on the ordinate of quality-time all the same a moment came, when all this diversity became insufficient to provide a further Evolution of Matter. The way out of this could be found, as before, only in some more complex organisation of Matter in the way of origination of the next new organisational level. The first premises of transition to it already began to arise about 30 mln. years ago, when in forests of Palaeogene and Neogene Parapipithecus appeared - animals about the size of a cat, which were living on trees and were feeding on plants and insects. The present-day gibbons and orangutans have descended from Parapipithecus as well as one more branch - the extincted ancient apes Driopithecus, which gave three branches, that have led to chimpanzee, gorilla and to the human being. Charles Darwin proved convincingly that man represents the last, highly organised link in the chain of the evolution of living creatures of four generations and has common distant forbears with apes.
   So, as a result of the motion of Matter along the organisational level I, it is necessary to consider the origination of the most evaluated organisms - organisms of the fourth generation, among which we number only human beings, whose organism's system as a whole reached by that time a stable perfection. Being a derivative system, which had absorbed all the best from organisms of the second and third generations, the man received as a genetic heritage a collection of all those subsystems, that were providing his existence and reliable functioning in the wide range of environment. As a nutrition to fill in fnl. cells of own subsystems his organism was adapting itself more and more to consumption of highly nutritious parts of organisms of the second and third generations. So, both accumulative subsystems, formed around seeds in organisms of the first generation (fruits, berries), rich in diverse elements, and various parts of organisms of the second generation, began to occupy a bigger and bigger part in his ration. Parts of organisms of the third generation, that is of carnivores, the man practically did not and does not consume, as carnivores also do not do it themselves, because of the impossibility of their utilization in order to fill in fnl. cells of his organism's subsystems. However, in future and until nowadays the subsystem, regulating in the organism of man his high nervous activity, and first of all the structure of his cerebrum, began to receive more and more, outstripping development and specialisation.
   And really, if the volume of cranium of an ape was 600 cm3, then already the first man, the Australopithecus, who lived 3 - 5 mln. years ago, began to have the volume of cranium 800 cm3. The Pithecanthropus, who lived 1 mln. years ago, had already the volume of cranium varying within the limits of 900-1100 cm3. Thanks to straight walking the hands of ape-like forbears of man became free from the necessity of keeping up its body while moving and began to acquire the ability to make other various auxiliary movements. Owing to this the Pithecanthropus though it did not have yet habitations fit for living, could already make use of fire and began to use various objects as first tools. Besides the enormous advantage gained in connection with the release of forelegs, the conversion to straight walking was giving to hominoid forbears of man one more evolutional acquisition: as a result of the change in the position of the head and eyes the volume of perception by them of visual information greatly increased, due to which possibilities in working-out the response adequate to a concrete situation widened a lot.
   If the conversion of the Australopithecus to straight walking itself could not be implemented without a big alteration of fnl. characteristics of their brain, then the perfection of straight walking and the possibilities of orientation in the surroundings increased in connection with this, as well as the use of arms in its turn raised the role of the cerebrum as the central subsystem of estimation of information about the surroundings and for regulating the conduct of the entire organism. Simultaneously with the above process the anatomical perfection of arms and hands was progressing as instruments of working activity, at first still primitive, but at subsequent stages of the evolution were turned gradually into instruments of complex, consciously programmed activity.
   Undoubtedly, that natural selection, which was taking place at the same time, was leaning on an optimal set of genomes, controlling anatomical formation of organs. At the same time, the adaptive fnl. use of all anatomical achievements and their further evolutional perfection were already impossible without the perfection of the cerebrum as the central instrument, regulating new functions of body, due to which the structure and fnl. characteristics of cerebrum were becoming more and more principal criterions of further selection. Therefore precisely the cerebrum as the subsystem, regulating position and functioning of body, the activity of hands, that became free as well as orientation in a concrete life situation and formation of programs of conduct, became from that time the most important factor in natural selection. Exactly the further multiplication and perfection of its analytical fnl. centres, reflecting the augmentation of functions () in the process of the Evolution of Matter as a whole, became the ground at that period of time of its intensive motion along the following organisational level - K.

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Igor I. Kondrashin - Dialectics of Matter (Part III, conclusion)

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Igor I. Kondrashin

Dialectics of Matter

Dialectical Genesis of Material Systems
(conclusion)

Level K

"Afterwards the natural science will include the science about human beings exactly in the same way as the science about human beings will include the natural science - it will be a single science."

K. Marx

So man, being the most complex system of fng. units, in which biochemical processes of various types precisely coordinated in space and time are permanently taking place, from a certain time himself was becoming gradually a fng. unit in the systemic organisation of Matter of a higher level, filling in appropriate fnl. cells there. From this moment the epoch of self-organising systems of a new kind began, though their germs we can examine already on the organisational level I. Thus, analysing the structure of a biogeocoenosis, we see, that a forest thicket constitutes a system of various fnl. cells, filled in with appropriate fng. units - trees, bushes and grass. Some generations of plants after they stop functioning die off and fnl. cells, which have become free, are being filled in with new plants.

   Among organisms of the second and third generations it is possible also to observe a primitive systemic organisation of fnl. cells of the new level. It is possible to attribute to it settlements of ants (ant-hills), swarms of bees, shoals of fish, flocks of birds, packs of wolves, herds, etc. It is quite natural that all those formations can only theoretically be called organisations, but nevertheless they do have some of its features. In the foundation of these formations there was a differentiation of functions of fnl. cells, structurally linked between themselves and integrated into a single system. The single systemic organisation of the above formations allows only a hypothetical division of the said groups into fnl. subgroups, as their actual division in most cases leads to a breach of the integrity of a system. Thus, if from a swarm of bees a fnl. subgroup were to separate off, say, of drones, the entire swarm as a single system will cease to exist. In packs of wolves and monkeys we shall detect without fail the fnl. cell of the leader, which is always being occupied by the strongest and the most hardy member of a pack, that is, in other words, the one that has the most developed phenogenotype.
   Functionally various fnl. cells of systems of the new type have also their own, strictly determinated fnl. algorithms, which a fng. unit situated in a fnl. cell is obliged to fulfil. This is a single law for all systemic formations of Matter. So, a drone is not in a position to carry out properly fnl. algorithms of a working bee exactly in the same way as a working bee is not capable of fulfilling the functions of a drone. A weak leader cannot introduce order inside a park as well as protect it against foreign enemies, etc.
   As it is known, one of the first links in the systemic organisation of the level K was the organisation of family, which can be considered also as the last link in the process of evolution along the sublevel I. From a two-cell system among organisms of the first generation (a primary cell: a motherly plant + a secondary cell: seeds) the family structure was transformed into a three-cell system among organisms of the second and third generations (two primary cells: a father and a mother + a secondary cell: posterity). The duration of existence of the structure of a family varies from the duration of conception periods until periods of bringing up of posterity. A family of full value exists until the death of one of a married couple. The normal functioning of a family formation can be reached only on the condition of the filling in of all cells of its structure with appropriate fng. units. The absence or a disparity of one of them is a sufficient factor to lead to a break-up of a given formation.
   Each fnl. cell, including a family one, has a definite set of fnl. algorithms, which a fng. unit filling it is obliged to fulfil. Because of this there are specific fnl. algorithms of a father, algorithms of a mother as well as algorithms of posterity. With each species of organisms they are different, but in many respects are similar between themselves. Their recording is kept on the same chains of DNA-RNA and is inherited by each subsequent generation in the form of a hereditary genome. It is known, that starting from the moment of an impregnation, an ovum in each of its organic cells in the process of reproduction has all the aggregate of genes, that is all the parents' information, which is necessary for an organism to provide its growth, existence and functioning. But at no one moment does an organism require the information in full volume. Therefore small sets of genes, named 'transposons', are able to leave chromosomes, to move over from one organic cell to another one, transferring this or that information.
   The next decisive step in the systemic organisation of Matter along the level K was the origination of new fnl. structures, which fnl. cells already so supercomplex material formations were filling in for certain periods of time, as human individuals, who were functioning there, executing required fnl. algorithms. Systemic formations of this kind we shall name hyperorganisms. Their appearance could take place only as a consequence of the association of several primordial families into a single herd as well as the further increase of polyfunctioning of the subsystem of human organism - 'brain-hand', which with the help of newer and newer tools could execute newer and newer fnl. algorithms. Moving into a fnl. cell of a primitive hyperorganism, a man, as a fng. unit of a fnl. system - a primordial family had temporarily to leave its fnl. cell, though at that initial period of hyperorganisation this transference looked rather theoretical. Thus, already the first differentiation of man's functions became the cause of the structural integration of a primitive herd. Fnl. groups of a new type appeared as a result of it, and constituted structures of fnl. cells that had their own strictly designated algorithms, which were executed by fng. units that were filling them in. Thus, out of all organisms of the second, third and fourth generations only the organism of the fourth generation, that had the highest internal systemic organisation, the human being, could become a fng. unit in hyperorganisms.
   As an example let us examine the procedure of the functioning of fng. units in a group of hunters for mammoths. Two-three tens of outwardly alike men armed with similarities of lances and stones were filling in its structure. All of them were occupying invisibly various fnl. cells in a formed group and therefore algorithms being fulfilled by them were not the same. So, one of them came running to the nomad camp and gave the others to understand, that he had seen not far away a mammoth or its fresh tracks. The other one, after arming himself with a lance, rushed first in the direction shown bringing along after him the others. The third one chose a convenient place to attack the animal and gave the signal to descend on it. The fourth one after the killing of the mammoth began preparing its carcass. The fifth one made a camp fire and began to roast the meat. The sixth one, who was staying in the nomad camp during the absence of the hunters, made for them a few new lances. After returning with the bag back to the nomad camp, the men moved invisibly from the fnl. cells of the group of hunters into their families' cells in order the next morning to move over again in the same way invisibly from the families' cells to the fnl. cells of hunters. And it went on like this from day to day, from generation to generation.
   Out of the example examined by us it follows, that a fng. unit of the new organisational level of Matter is being placed into an appropriate fnl. cell only for a period of functioning, leaving it, as soon as the necessity of staying there temporarily falls away, and filling it in again at an arising of the said necessity. At the same time transferences from cell to cell began to have the character of regular reiteration. With this peculiarity of the organisational level K broad possibilities in increasing functions () were opening before Matter, that is for the creation of an increasing quantity of fnl. cells while its motion along the ordinate of quality-time at simultaneous use of a considerably less number of fng. units - men, who had because of this to perfect more and more their capability to occupy in turn several cells, raising by that the coefficient of their individual polyfunctioning. Fnl. algorithms of each fnl. cell of systemic formations of the level K, that is of hyperorganisms, were being recorded at that time in the form of biochemical recordings in colonies of organic cells of a cerebrum of individual people, capable of accomplishing, retaining and recalling these recordings, constituting interneuronic links, through which at a certain moment biocurrent is going. Owing to this the further natural selection of fng. units K selected out the people, who were differing at all other equal parameters of their organisms by a bigger number of nervous cells in the cerebral hemispheres able to form a bigger number of analytical fnl. centres of the signal subsystem. And though this process was proceeding rather slowly, nevertheless it has yielded its results. Thus, if the Synanthropus, who existed 500 thousand years ago, had the volume of cranium of only 850-1250 cm3, then the volume of the cerebrum of the Neanderthal man, who lived on the Earth 150 thousand years ago, was already more than 1400 cm3, although there were not so many convolutions of the brain yet in it. The Neanderthal man was feeding on meat and vegetable food, was dressing in skins and living in groups of 50-100 persons. A human family could not exist at that time alone, as it would perish quickly, not being able to defend itself from wild animals as well as get enough food. Therefore from the first steps of his evolution the human being was a collective animal. Thanks to his capability of polyfunctioning only he could become a versatile fng. unit in hypersystems' cells of the level K.
   Permanent participation in collective events, whether it was hunting or a defence from enemies, required people to establish contacts between themselves. It followed also from the law of creation of evolving systems, according to which between fnl. cells of any structure there should be an interlink of a certain kind. With time it was also formed gradually between fnl. cells in structures of the level K - people: at first by gestures and then by a meaningful way of speaking. So, already the Neanderthal men were associating between themselves by gestures and by articulate sounds. All this, as it is known, was the origination of the second signal subsystem, the material foundation of which the same neurones of big cerebral hemispheres' cortex were serving. Here the invisible process of establishing the new interneuronic links, of the formation of more complex analytical-initiating fnl. centres was constantly progressing as well as of recording on DNA-RNA of organic cells of appropriate biological modifications of organism's subsystems. As far as it was developing the second signal subsystem was revealing more and more actively its fnl. significance in people's life. Now already, not only the appearance of a mammoth, but also a sound symbol, designating it, pronounced by one of the members of a human herd, became a sufficient irritant and exited appropriate subsystems of hunters' organisms, as a result of which they would rush in the direction of the proposed location of the wild animal, that is of the object of the irritation. Some other animals, for example, dogs, cats, etc., also have the rudiments of the second signal subsystem, but its manifestation in these organisms has a very limited, primitive and unilateral character. Only in the human being with the colossal potential of his cerebrum, did the second signal subsystem get its further fnl. development, which was reflected in the fnl. specialisation of subsystems of hearing, the way of speaking and again of those analytical-initiating fnl. centres of the cerebrum.
   Simultaneously, with the evolution of the subsystems of the human being's organism as a fng. unit of the level K, fnl. algorithms of fnl. cells of hyperstructures went on to perfect themselves, in particular, algorithms of tools' manufacture. Thus, man learned progressively to split stones into plates and to make out of them lance-heads, knifes, scrapers, prickers. Each new algorithm despite its relative simplicity required many hundreds of years for its working-out. However, in contradistinction to unconditioned reflexes, that is to algorithms of fnl. cells of the sublevel I, algorithms of the level K' cells were not handing down from generation to generation in the genetic way. Only the capability of repetitions of their biorecording by means of the establishment of appropriate interneuronic links, the formation of fnl. centres and the functioning with their help was handing down biologically. Therefore an individual knowing how to make a knife out of a stone had to show how to make it to his fellow-tribesman or to his son, the latter - to his, etc.
   All that was taking place on the background of the augmentation of the cerebrum's volume and the further complication of its organisation. Those sectors of the cerebrum were developing in an outstripping rate that were connected with implementation of sensory and enunciation's functions. It is necessary to emphasize, that the origin and evolution of enunciation turned out to be possible only on the base of the complicated modification of the anatomy of vocal organs, augmentation of the volume of larynx, modification of the location of tongue's root and diminution of the jaw's dimensions. In other words, speech as well as an instrument of working activity - the arm-hand - made it possible and inevitable that the socialisation of the primordial man, arose on the basis of the most complex modifications of bodily, anatomical organisation of forbears of the primordial man. The load on the cerebrum, that was going on in connection with this, had led to a situation where the cerebrum's volume of first men of the modern type - the cromanions, who appeared 30-40 thousand years ago - reached an unprecedented size (1400-1600 cm3), and its structure became essentially complicated owing to a further increase of the number of analytical-initiating fnl. centres of signal subsystems, connected with the controlling of algorithms of working activity and speaking as well as with a capability of abstract thinking. In the individual evolution of the cerebrum it is possible to single out the appearance of heterochroniums, determining the development of phylogenetically young regions at the expense of relative diminution of old ones; the cranium began to acquire more and more a human form. Thus Homo Sapiens - 'the intelligent man' was forming gradually.
   The cromanion came close to a modern man not only by the physical aspect, the form of the cranium and features of face, but by displaying already a genuinely human intellect - the ability to organise collective forms of work and life, the ability to build dwellings, to manufacture garments, to make use of highly developed speech. The cromanion mastered the art of painting, created a system of rituals of behaviour and germs of a primitive religion. It was characteristic for him to have a feeling of compassion for his neighbours and concern for their welfare, that is what we call altruism.
   The rate of the evolutionary process of hominids' development, which was hastening more and more, serves as one more confirmation of the dependence of the motion of Matter in quality from the motion in time: , discovered earlier by us. Throughout the entire evolutionary development of hominoid forbears of man and at the first stages of biological formation of the human being himself, the same commanding regularity was prevailing, and becoming stronger and stronger: the perfecting of the bodily, anatomical organisation was raising more and more requirements for the regulating activity of the cerebrum and already because of this putting it under the strong pressure of selection. At the same time, the cerebrum, perfecting the organisation and functions of the body, was acquiring more and more possibilities for analysis of concrete life situations and the working out of programs of conduct adequate to them, which was making the object of selection not only regulated, but also extrapolated, that is intellectual, characteristics of the cerebrum as the programming device of the highest nervous activity and an embryonic intellect. Thus, the cerebrum, which included first of all the entire aggregate spectrum of analytical-initiating fnl. centres of signal subsystems, became in the end an organ of the supreme integration of the physiological and spiritual activity of the human being as a fng. unit of systems of the level K.
   Apart from the above processes the evolution of hypersystemic formations of the level K also was continuing. It was occurring in the way of fnl. differentiation and originating of fnl. cells, which differed by new fnl. algorithms, with simultaneous integration of them. Thus, fishing, cattle-breeding, agriculture arose. First handicraft appeared: the manufacture of tools and instruments, utensils, the sewing of garments. Because of this the fnl. specialisation of fng. units - men became stronger. So, some of them were perfecting more and more fnl. algorithms of fishing; others, algorithms of looking after domestic animals; the third ones, capabilities of a hunter; the fourth ones were making tools for work and household articles faster and faster and in bigger quantities; the fifth ones were displaying more skill in cultivating the land and plants. Already 7-13 thousand years ago a stone axe, a mattock, a bow, a sickle, a first loom were known to men. About 6 thousand years ago men learned to melt copper and began to manufacture tools out of metal. A plough, a copper axe, a copper sickle, etc. appeared.
   Due to the fact that all people were alike biologically, that is homologous and had subsystems of their organisms created identically, they could implement almost any of the algorithms of the fnl. cells enumerated above. The difference was only that various fng. units - people could fulfil the same fnl. algorithms in a dif