Dzhordzh Trigg. Pravila orfografii
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It is said that back in the 1940's, the following message was
prominently displayed at the front of the main chemistry lecture hall at a
major university:
"The English language is your most versatile scientific instrument.
Learn to use it with precision."
In the intervening years, the teaching of proper grammar in the public
elementary and high schools fell into disfavor. The inevitable result is
that manuscripts submitted to us are often full of grammatical errors, which
their authors probably do not even recognize (and often would not care about
if they did).
We regard this state of affairs as deplorable, and we want to do
something about it. For many years we have tried to correct the grammar of
papers that we publish. This is toilsome at best, and sometimes entails
rather substantial rephrasing. It would obviously be preferable to have
authors use correct grammar in the first place. The problem is how to get
them to do it.
One fairly effective way is to provide examples of what not to do; it
is particularly helpful if the examples are humorous. We have recently seen
several lists of grammatical examples of this type. A few weeks ago we found
taped to a colleague's office door the most complete one we have seen. (He
tells us it was passed out in a class of Darthmouth - not in English - at
the time a term paper was assigned). We reproduce it here in the hope that
it will have some effect.
1.Make sure each pronoun agrees with their antecedent.
2.Just between you and I, the case of pronoun is important.
3.Watch out for irregular verbs which have crope into English.
4.Verbs has to agree in number with their subjects.
5.Don't use no double negatives.
6.Being bad grammar, a writer should not use dangling modifiers.
7.Join clauses good like a conjunction should.
8.A writer must be not shift your point of view.
9.About sentence fragments.
10.Don't use run-on sentences you got to punctuate them.
11.In letters essays and reports use commas to separate items in
series.
12.Don't use commas, which are not necessary.
13.Parenthetical words however should be enclosed in commas.
14.Its important to use apostrophes right in everybodys writing.
15.Don't abbrev.
16.Check to see if you any words out.
17.In the case of a report, check to see that jargonwise, it's A-OK.
18.As far as incomplete constructions, they are wrong.
19.About repetition, the repetition of a word might be real effective
repetition - take, for instance the repetition of Abraham Lincoln.
20.In my opinion, I think that an author when he is writing should
definitely not get into the habit of making use of too many unnecessary
words that he does not really need in order to put his message across.
21.Use parallel construction not only to be concise but also clarify.
22.It behooves us all to avoid archaic expressions.
23.Mixed metaphors are a pain in the neck and ought to be weeded out.
24.Consult the dictionery to avoid mispelings.
25.To ignorantly split an infinitive is a practice to religiously
avoid.
26.Last but not least, lay off cliches.
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George L. Trigg
Phys.Rev.Lett., 42, 12, 748 (1979).
Dzhordzh Trigg. Pravila orfografii
Amerikanskij fizik Dzhordzh Trigg (George L. Trigg) v bytnost' svoyu
redaktorom zhurnala "The Physical Review Letters" postoyanno, no bezuspeshno
pytalsya vtolkovat' avtoram, chto prinosimye imi stat'i dolzhny byt'
bezuprechnymi ne tol'ko s nauchnoj, no i s grammaticheskoj tochki zreniya.
Otchayavshis', on napisal i opublikoval v svoem zhurnale (Phys.Rev.Lett.,1979,
42, 12, 748) neskol'ko ehidnyh sovetov, kotorye pozzhe byli opublikovany i v
vol'nom russkom perevode v gazete SO AN SSSR "Nauka v Sibiri". My reshili,
chto eti sovety (s nashimi dopolneniyami, kotorye otdeleny ot ishodnika chertoj)
mogut byt' polezny i Vam...
Zamenyaya sushchestvitel'nye mestoimeniyami, pozabot'tes' o pravil'nom ego
soglasovanii.
Mezhdu nas govorya: padezh mestoimeniya tozhe vazhen.
Esli vy hochete ispol'zovat' glagol, to spryagat' ego nuzhno pravil'no, a
ne kak togo zahotit avtor.
Glagol, krome togo, vsegda dolzhny soglasovyvat'sya v chisle s
sushchestvitel'nymi.
Ne nado nigde neispol'zovat' lishnih otricanij.
Ploho znaya grammatiku, slozhnye konstrukcii dolzhny upotreblyat'sya s
ostorozhnost'yu.
Kotorye yavlyayutsya pridatochnymi predlozheniyami, sostavlyat' nado pravil'no.
My hotim otmetit', chto menyat' lico, ot imeni kotorogo vedetsya
izlozhenie, avtor etih strok ne rekomenduet.
CHto kasaetsya nezakonchennyh predlozhenij.
Avtor ispol'zuyushchij prichastnye oboroty ne dolzhen zabyvat' o punktuacii.
V pis'mah stat'yah dokladah stav'te zapyatye pri perechislenii.
Ne ispol'zujte zapyatye, tam, gde oni ne nuzhny.
Vvodnye slova odnako sleduet vydelyat' zapyatymi.
Stav'te gde nado tverdyj znak ili hotya by apostrof: obem stat'i vse
ravno tak ne sekonomit'.
Ne sokrashch.!
Prover'te v tekste propushchennyh slov.
Avtor dolzhen usech' naschet stat'i: hochesh' ne slabo vystupit' - zavyazyvaj
s zhargonom.
Esli nepolnye konstrukcii - ploho.
Malen'koe zamechanie o povtoreniyah, kotorye inogda vstrechayutsya v
stat'yah, kotorye pechatayutsya i u nas, i za rubezhom, kotorye inogda
zatumanivayut mysl', kotoruyu hotel vyskazat' avtor, o kotoryh my i hoteli
sdelat' eto zamechanie.
Po nashemu glubokomu ubezhdeniyu, my polagaem, chto avtor, kogda on pishet
stat'yu, opredelenno ne dolzhen priobretat' durnuyu privychku, zaklyuchayushchuyusya v
tom, chtoby ispol'zovat' chereschur mnogo nenuzhnyh slov, kotorye v
dejstvitel'nosti sovershenno ne yavlyayutsya neobhodimymi dlya togo, chtoby
vyrazit' svoyu mysl'.
Ispol'zujte parallel'nye konstrukcii ne tol'ko dlya utochneniya, no i
proyasnyat'.
Votshche nadeyat'sya, chto arhaizmy v gramote budut spospeshestvovat'
ponimaniyu onoj.
Metafora - eto gvozd' v botinke, i luchshe ee vypolot'.
Praveryajte po slovaryu napisanie slov.
Nedelite ne delimoe i ne soedinyajte razno rodnoe, a koe chto pishite
cherez defis.
SHtampam ne dolzhno byt' mesta na stranicah nashej pechati.
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Ne znanie pravopisaniya chastic nesposobstvuet horoshemu urovnyu teksta.
Krome togo, ne odin avtor, ni ponimayushchij, kogda pisat' "ne", a kogda
"ni", ni mozhet rasschityvat' na pooshchrenie.
Sluchajnaya vnutrennyaya rifma otvlekaet ot logarifma.
Nanizyvanie sushchestvitel'nyh drug na druga privodit k zatrudneniyu
ponimaniya metoda resheniya uravneniya.
Sklonyat' chislitel'nye mozhno sto dvadcat' pyat'yu sposobami, no tol'ko
odin iz nih pravil'nyj.
V processe opisaniya fizicheskih processov izbegajte omonimov.
Nalichie v tekste dubliruyushchihsya slov slov, kak pravilo, svidetel'stvuet
o nevnimatel'nom spisyvanii.
Akuratno obrashchajtes' s udvoenymi soglasnnymi.
Ispol'zovanie terminov, znacheniya kotoryh vy ne vpolne ponimaete, mozhet
privesti k affektirovannym insinuaciyam v vash adres.
Tot, kto zanimaet'sya oformleniem stat'i, dolzhen prezhde vyuchitsya
pravopisaniyu neopredelennoj formy glagola.
Rabota dolzhna byt' tshchatel'no akkuratno oformlena.
Ispol'zujte takoj shrift, chtoby tekst mozhno bylo chitat' bez mikroskopa.
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Last-modified: Sat, 31 Jan 2004 21:17:21 GMT