Iosif Brodskij. Istoriya dvadcatogo veka --------------------------------------------------------------- Tekst opublikovan takzhe po adresu: http://www.jointnet.org.il/dialogue/iton/literature/ ˇ http://www.jointnet.org.il/dialogue/iton/literature/ --------------------------------------------------------------- Vmesto predisloviya: Neizvestnyj Iosif Brodskij Razbrosannye po svetu, my chasto v kotoryj raz nachinaem pytat'sya opredelit', kakova nasha kul'tura, kakoj yazyk nam rodnoj, kto my takie? Vot i eshche odin povod dlya podobnyh razmyshlenij - perevod stihov russkogo poeta na russkij yazyk. Mihail Korol', glavnyj redaktor "CHto sledovalo by sdelat' prezhde vsego, tak eto perepisat' vse uchebniki istorii, vykinuv iz nih vseh etih geroev, generalov, vozhdej i prochih. Glavnoe, chto sledovalo by napisat' v uchebnikah, eto to, chto chelovek po prirode svoej ploh." Iosif Brodskij, iz interv'yu gazete "New York Times" 1 oktyabrya 1972. "Zavtra menee privlekatel'no, chem vchera. Pochemu-to proshloe ne izluchaet takogo udruchayushchego odnoobraziya, kak budushchee." Iosif Brodskij, "Less than one"  * Iosif Brodskij. ISTORIYA DVADCATOGO VEKA *  --------------------------------------------------------------- Vol'nyj perevod dlya domashnego chteniya Perevodchik - Evgenij Finkel' (bigbit@isracom.net.il) --------------------------------------------------------------- (Balagan) Svetilo katitsya po krugu. Ctrochu, zevaya, pis'ma drugu. Akt 1 Prolog Ledi i dyadi, speshite slyshat'! Utro nastalo, zhelayu vyzhit'! Stranno eshche, chto ne edet krysha. CHto zhe, pristupim, hotya edva li ya ne privru, tak i vy b sovrali: drama est' drama; v ee finale my podospeem k vos'midesyatym. Porovnu srama i slavy vzyato. Vverim bumage, - chto bylo svyato. Lyudi speshat vo prah, mashiny - v metallolom. Hot' dostich' vershiny proshlogo prosto, nepostizhimy zhizni soshedshih so sceny. Vy zdes' vryad li izmenite chto-to, svykshis' s faktom; iz fakta vozmozhno vychest', no nevozmozhno k nemu pribavit'. Vse eto mozhet vliyat' na pamyat', vneshnost', techenie krovi. A ved' vy - tol'ko sledstvie, ne prichina. Vashe rozhdenie est' konchina. Lyudi, sograzhdane! Byt' kretinom mozhno. nel'zya prenebrech' predmetom, t.e. Istoriej. V nej otveta mozhno iskat', izbezhav pri etom mnogih soblaznov. Na scene - gody: svad'by i spal'ni, grehi, razvody, vojny, mogily, a takzhe rody. Zanaves! Vot i maestro. CHto zhe, vryad li byloe na raj pohozhe. My proslezit'sya ukradkoj mozhem, kstati zamechu: sleza ne v mode, lyudi i gody v svoem ishode tihi. I solnce za kraj zahodit, kak parusnik za parohodik. 1900. God nebroskij. Mamki eshche ne suyut vam soski. Schet "po nulyam" v metrike vashej. Odnako poslushaem, chto tam dal'she. V Kitae kitajcy tayat ugrozu. V Rossii A.CHehov zakonchil prozu. V Italii Floriya Toska stonet. V Avstrii Frejd publikuet sonnik. V Afrike skal'py snimayut bury s belyh (ili belye - s buryh?). Rodenu pozirovat' luchshe sidya. V SHtatah MakKinli - poka chto lider. CHetyre imperii (obaldennyh), tri demokratii. V mire deneg - azhiotazh vokrug velosporta. V teatrah "Umberto" vtorogo sorta. Tam kto-to kogo-to prikonchil sduru. (Ne vse, chto na stenah, - literatura). I, otmechaya novuyu eru, Nicshe pochil, ustupaya negru Lui Armstrongu, s pelenok chto li sputavshemu "Bog umer" s "Hello, Dolli". Predstavim teper' cheloveka goda: konstruktor, Brauning, Dzhon. Ego bezdelushka lish' vhodit v modu. A dal'she - pust' skazhet on. (Dzhon Mozes Brauning) "YA vzyal kalendar' i uvidel, chto na kalendare chto-to vrode "1OO". Togda mne pripomnilos' vdrug: sto bed podchas prichinyaet mne moj sosed. A esli b sosedej byl celyj vzvod? Kakaya rabota? Kromeshnyj ad! Togda ya namorshchil svoj lob. I vot, ya izobrel pistolet-avtomat." 1901. Tihoe leto. Vsego 1O centov - odna kotleta. Profil' aglickoj korolevy na avstralijskih markah sleva, uvy, posmertno. Umayas' tiskat', Gogen malyuet smuglye sis'ki. V Kitae kitajcam dali po morde. Maks Plank na nauchnoj gorit rabote (poka ne sgoraet). Verdi pomer. Teper' missis Disnej pokazhet nomer: rodit mladenca po imeni Uolt. Vot-vot my prikrutim poslednij bolt, i ozhivet ekran. Na ekrane podlodka vpervye grebet v okeane. Vsem takzhe zapomnilsya kekuok (tanec). V MakKinli strelyaet odin zasranec i popadaet. U Strindberga - p'esa. Frejd ne teryaet ko snam interesa. CHelovek goda - sen'or Markoni. On - ital'yanec, slegka - bezumec. Imya ego rifmuetsya s "Soni". Firme stoit eto obdumat'. (Gul'el'mo Markoni) "V svyashchennom krayu, pod nebom lazurnym, gde kazhdoe oblachko - sled heruvima, s predgorij donositsya Slovo bezumnym, bezmolvnym poslan'em, no yasnym i zrimym. Pod volnami etimi vechnye skaly shlifuyut svoj profil' staratel'no. Kak miska spagetti est' mysl' o spirali, tak zhizn' stala mysl'yu o radio." 1902. Kak vsyakij prochij. Skal'pel' hirurga doshel do pochki. Nakovyryali gormonov, tol'ko ne razberutsya - k chemu ih stol'ko. S burami koncheno (desyat' tysyach trupov). Odnako Evropa tychet dymnym progressom v inye dali. Aist persidskoj kapuste darit uzel s zapisochkoj "X.". Bolgary, greki, horvaty i serby svaroj grezyat. Mone most risuet. V SHtatah - 76 millionov. Szhatyj po-buterbrodno narod ne dremlet, v pote lica ispolnyaya drevnij, dobryj obychaj: v teple plodit'sya. Sm."Teddi Ruzvel't i dr.lica". CHelovek goda - Artur Konan Dojl, detektivist. Personazhi strahov: syshchik, lyseyushchij doktor, dom, skripka i, po nocham, sobaka. (Ser Artur Konan Dojl) "Plyashem ot hudshego: vashi mozgi tak zhe lenivy, kak vasha sovest'. Luchshee sredstvo ot sytoj toski eto - moya nebol'shaya povest' o Baskervill'-holle. Zagadka dlya vashih umov do sed'mogo pota. Tak vam udastsya ubit' poldnya ili, byt' mozhet, eshche kogo-to." 1903. Legko zametit', - tuchi sgushchayutsya. V Starom Svete oblachno. V |ssene smotryat tupo v nebo truby zavodov Kruppa. (Tak vinovato kastrat na babu smotrit). Odnako umolknem, daby slyshat' izgiby rodimoj rechi v Londone na bol'shevistskoj vstreche. I, govorya o slavyanskoj probleme: serbskij korol' sdelal hod v koroleve. Vot vam Gogen, Pissaro i Uistler! S vas za proezd po kanalu, mister, dollar. Zabyv rasplatit'sya s devkoj, Tommi britanskoe tashchit drevko v kushchi Nigerii: eta mestnost' nravitsya Tommi. Lyubaya merzost' otmechena datoj. Kolonka vojn. Rodilsya moj papa i Ivlin Vo. CHelovek goda... pozvol'te, no ih, sobstvenno, dvoe. Dva brata. Para pohozhih mozgov, dve pary nog i ruk stol' pohozhih na kryl'ya Ikara. (Brat'ya Rajt) "My - brat'ya, Orvill i Uilbur Rajt. Nas chasto rifmuyut s anglijskim "flajt"! Vot pochemu v etot tihij god my podnyali v nebo nash samolet. Sverhu, kuda vas zakinet veter, Siti podoben svezhej gazete. Angliya - karte. No zamysel nash - skoree bomba, chem pejzazh!" 1904. To, chto lezhalo v pyl'nyh pakgauzah, v cel' popalo. V etom yaponcy, kak est' kosye, vidyat nachalo konca Rossii. Britogolovym milanskij oper skuly massiruet. |tot nomer luchshe projdet s bezopasnoj britvoj. Ne poteshayas' krovavoj bitvoj, mes'e Sezann tak uvleksya goroj Sent-Viktuar, chto inye poroj sporyat: byt' mozhet i vpryam' - ne gora? Spor Vatikanu s bogemoj pora sej razreshit', poka ser Rezerford nyanchitsya s atomom (luchshij ishod: ne potrevozhit'). Rodilsya Grem Grin, CHehov umer. Miss Ditrih grim - ne promahnut'sya b - nanosit na konchik nosa, - moya strana v burnom ekstaze. Dzhordzh Balanchin vsled za Rolls-Rojsom rodilsya; chin - baletoman. A v NY (nutro): pervyj utrobnyj voj metro. CHelovek goda - Gottentot. Mesto zhitel'stva: Afrika, YUgo-Zapad. Hozyain - nemec. V etom dele vsegda prav tot, kto - nemec. Zakidat' - ne hvatit shapok. (Gottentot) "Nemec dlya nas slishkom belotel. Bel sred' bela dnya, a tem pache noch'yu bel. Plyus, dazhe esli dela vashi - shvah, vy ne nazovete chernoe chuchelo "shvarc". "SHvarc" dazhe huzhe, chem "chernomazyj". |to to, s chem katites' vy k chertu so svoim poganym dojchem! Ukolovshis' o strely moi, vy imeete shans izlechit'sya ot vysokomeriya, Gans." 1905. YAponiya v svodke. Russkogo vanyu spasayut lodki, shlyupki, koryta, oshmetki shlyupok; urbi et orbi ponyatno: glupo s hitrym Vostokom igrat'sya v zhmurki. Igra proigrana. V Peterburge te, u kogo zheludok pust, tolpami valyat na ulicy. Pust' ih podravnyaet kazachij stroj. Torgovec "zingerami" v svoj chered u zheny prinimaet rody: eshche odna devochka, ej porodu prodolzhit' mnoyu. Pablo Pikasso ("Mal'chik s truboyu") takogo pasa ne ozhidal. Blednye teni shvedsko-norvezhskie bleknut, s tem i razbegayutsya; ot chego, tem ne menee teni norvegov ne stali temnee. Govorya o tom, chto zvuchit strannovato, "E ravno MC kvadratu", avtor - Al'bert |jnshtejn, fovisty (v smysle iskusstva iskusstvo chisto) dali Matissu carte blanche v Parizhe. Ferenc Legar rassmeshil do gryzhi grazhdan "Veseloj vdovoj". Transvaal' vvodit zakonnuyu vlast'. Vual' Grety Garbo, la belle dame sans merci, skol'zit. Neonovyj val's. CHelovek goda, skorej Nikto - ne Uells, ne Strindberg - ni se, ni to - ne Uajl'd, ne SHvejcer - nikto inoj - tak bol'she tajnoj eshche odnoj. (Kamuflyazh) "Menya ty na vojne odenesh' vmesto fraka, i zhizn' uberezhesh', kogda nachnetsya draka. YA - mister Kamuflyazh. YA - tvoj dvojnik, pozhaluj, so mnoj tebe smeshny meteli i pozhary. Ot vystrelov tebya spasut lesa i topi. YA - luchshaya iz vseh nemyslimyh utopij. YA v zamysle Tvorca byval eshche v nachale. Net povesti moej prekrasnee pechali." 1906. Povisayut strelki. Vremya ustalo. Ustali stenki summoj nemyh perepletov Frejda byt' v znamenatele veka. Kel'ty vrode by vnov' otmenili kazni v Afrike... belyh. Velikij Kajzer malost' privral o svoem morflote, v smysle, pribavil. YAponcy, v pote lic cveta sery, potok tovarnyh nashih sostavov k svoim tovaram grubo plyusuyut. Tem chasom, v Al'pah, dyrku izryadnuyu v snezhnyh skal'pah prokovyryal aaronov posoh, vygnuv tunnel', slovno znak voprosa v rechi poputchicy: "CHto eto tam?" "Vyhod iz zhopy". Pardon madame. Russkim prem'erom - uzhe ne Vitte, vprochem, i novomu dolgo vidno ne usidet' na p'edestale - spravka v magicheskom kristalle. Drejfus, let desyat' otbyvshij v zone v roli shpiona i farmazona, priznan, hot' greh s pyatym punktom, chestnym. |tot process posluzhil, v izvestnoj stepeni, kak by reklamoj "demo". YAnki vpervye imeyut delo s ostrovom Kuba. Nikto ne zvan. Rodilsya Bekket. Umer Sezann. CHelovek goda - gerr fon Pirke. Koli, gubi, rubi so shpricem Gamleta v ruke: Tu-Bi o not Tu-Bi. (D-r Klemens fon Pirke) "Pover'te, allergiya - ne prosto syp'. Kollegi, dorogie, chuzhoj krasy ne zhal', no eti pyatna - pechal'nyj znak: vam zavtra bezvozvratno ujti vo mrak. Teper', moj novyj princip: svoej igloj vvozhu, posredstvom shprica, sovsem inoj, no v to zhe vremya - virus (ne nado slez); no esli virus vyros - tuberkulez." 1907. Nikakogo dvizhen'ya. Rodilsya Oden! Ego rozhden'e - v prologe veka. V Rossii Pavlov sobachek rezhet: slyuna i salo. Za dver'yu sleva sidit v ispuge D.Mendeleev, ego zaslugi v tablice malo, - sam byl pod muhoj. V delah kubistov poka chto gluho, kak v Oklahome, voshedshej v SHtaty. Novozelandskie rebyata gotovy k drake. Lui Lyum'er beret ocherednoj bar'er, raskrasiv plenku (emu - ura!). O modernizme skazal "mura" sam Papa Rimskij (dva pal'ca v rot). 4:O - pobedil "Detrojt" "CHikago", vostorzhennyj voj tolpy: Gloria Mundi i stuk kopyt. "Germanskij Kajzer i Nikolaj za chashkoj chaya" - stat'ya mala, kak s samoleta - Kalamazu. Karl Gagenbek na gazon kozu, volka i zajca priladil. Sartr skazal by prosto: "Zverinyj teatr." CHelovek goda - ... otkrojte rot - ... Iosif Stalin. Eshche ne tot, t.s., "ne Bajron", emu za dvadcat': ohota k slave, ohota drat'sya. (Iosif Dzhugashvili po klichke Stalin) "YA ros bez papashi, ya zhil v gryazi. YA vzyal etot bank, no ne per v ferzi. Vse eti chetyre sotni kuskov dlya partii miloj otdat' ya gotov. Da, eto byl velichajshij "eks" s teh samyh por, kak Hristos voskres. I ya - ne zhulik i ne zlodej, ya - lish' Nulishche v tolpe nulej." 1908. Dejstvitel'no, skuka. CHto pozvolyaet, odnako, sluham o razrushen'yah v Kalabrii dazhe povysit' davlenie babushkam nashim. V mire iskusstva vse eti rany kak by vrachuyut rozhden'em YAna Fleminga, "Dvorcom" Mone i do-re volshebnoj gracii Ajsedory; "CHikago" vnov' - chempionom mira: "ne sotvorite sebe kumira..." Balkany: Bosniya c Gercegovinoj sdelali vybor i stali l'vinoj dolej avstro-vengerskoj kashi (chto tam s ercgercogom budet dal'she?). V mode byustgal'tery i avtoruchki. Gelij v Gollandii zhizhe i luchshe, nezheli v Anglii, chto edva li podnimet Flandriyu po vertikali nad urovnem morya, po urovnyu razuma poslednyaya vyshe. V razdele "Raznoe": ubity korol' i synok v Portugalii, chto sdelalo mir po-gorizontal'nee. Avto v pereulkah privychnej konok. Delo dohodit uzhe do gonok. Plyus v razdele "Novosti dnya": Dzheneral Motors. Britaniya: "|dvard i Nikolaj (vtoroj) s carstvennym vidom obhodyat stroj ihnih matrosov", za kadrom: germancy kazhut im kukish. Respublikancy sdelali stavku na Uil'yama Tafta v SHtatah, gde nynche propisan avtor. CHelovek goda - uchenyj-nemec, Paul' |rlih. On - krestnyj papa immunologii. Evropeec i yanki idut na poklon k eskulapu. (Paul' |rlih) "V mire, tak zhe, kak v tesnom barake ne zastrahovany vy ot draki, tozhe vozmozhny sifak i porcha, ne govorya uzh o mnogom prochem. Vot ot chego nuzhen moj sal'varsan. Esli ne verish', - poprobuj sam, na babe, ili na paru, srazu..." "D-r |rlih. Zvonit' tri raza." 1909 - ryscoj po krugu. Gertruda Stajn posvyashchaet drugu "Tri zhizni" (na knizhku takaya moda, chto avtoru stat' chelovekom goda - raz plyunut'). Pomimo etogo, - turki (rifma prihodit sama - pridurki): novyj sultan - tri zheny, tri brata - stanet ih zhertvoj; delo za datoj. Tem zhe greshit i Iran: pora ved' Ahmed-shahu po pravu pravit' (trinadcatyj god synku Ali). Dyagilev bleshchet v Le grand Paris svoimi "Sezonami". V Gondurase krovi, kak sytyh klopov v matrase, chto-to vrode zhele iz krest'yan. Zigmund Frejd peresek okean, chtoby povedat' o psihoanalize kotam i Alisam, hotya edva li vse, tak zhe, kak Devid sbezhal ot Meri, v koshmarnyh snah potekut iz Amerik. Britancy, vser'ez pripugnuv Rojyal Datch SHell Kompani, vyigrali match za persidskuyu neft'. Toj poroj Rokfeller, slovno druzhok Malysha, propeller k banku priladil (avos', spaset). V gonkah na sankah stal pervym tot, v ch'em pasporte znachitsya "Robert Piri", bol'she izvestnyj v prohladnom mire polyarnyh volkov kak "Boroda". Vnimanie, damy i gospoda! Pribavim l'dy pokorennogo polyusa k gordo siyayushchim zvezdam i polosam! Tak na poroge vsej nashej zhuti lyudi torchali na Absolyute. CHelovek goda - prostoj ciryul'nik s okrainy Londona. |tot umnik, ne znaya gde by dobyt' monet, pridumal zavivku "permanent". (Londonskij ciryul'nik) "|toj imperii ne dozhdat'sya zakata. Prochie - ugasali kogda-to. Raspadalis' na chasti i pogibali. Veter istorii - shutka? Edva li. Pust' na volnah raskachaet moj ostrov. Pust' poshtormit, potoshnim, eto prosto. Tol'ko b blondinki, shatenki, bryunetki klali na moj podzerkal'nik monetki!" 191O - konec dekady. Skromnyj raspas - po semu raskladu. Vsyudu prishli demokraty k vlasti. Hot' vremenami, kak prezhde, strasti perehlestnut i man'yak prikonchit, skazhem, prem'era Egipta. Vprochem massovka uzhe ottiraet solistov. (Hor uzkolobyh albanskih marksistov.) Plyus portugal'skij korol' bez vizy maetsya v Siti, smiryas' s syurprizom - on - ne korol'. Anglichane zh svyato chtut korolya, i v George Pyatom, kak i v pokojnom |dvarde, vidyat chut' li ne Boga (sebya zhe - v svite). Ne stalo Tolstogo i Marka Tvena. Zato Karl Maj Vinnetu na scenu vyvel. V Parizhe, speshite slyshat', (i videt' afishu) "ZHar-ptica", vyshe - "Stravinskij i Dyagilev". Haos not i nog. S argentinskim tango fokstrot slity, kak hvost s kometoj Galleya (hvala nebesam, moe pokolen'e s nej ne obnimetsya). Nash Kongress bdit i blyudet, skazhem tak, interes shkurnyj: k primeru, iz Alabamy stali nevyvoznymi baby. YAponcy k Koree kleshni protyanuli, kak k zerkalu guby dlya poceluya. CHelovekom goda stal arhitektor, mister Frank Llojd Rajt. Imya ego znakomo tem, kto schitaet, chto "s milym - raj..." (Frank Llojd Rajt) "... v shalashe i v gnezde ni zamkov, ni dverej, tem ne menee, mnogie schastlivy. I podumalos' mne, chto kak mozhno skorej nado stroit' vladeniya chastnye. CHtoby vremya v berloge nespeshno teklo, - gorodskuyu zabud'te davku: nevysokij zaborchik, kirpich i steklo, plyus zelenyj parket pod travku." 1911 - neploho v celom. Hleba hvataet, stabil'ny ceny. Germanskij Kajzer (sm. Vil'gel'm Vtoroj) dlya nemcev nametil cel': "o" - v slove "Bog". "Gorod Solnca - Berlin." Kakoj-nibud' Vanya skazal by: "Blin..." Gavrosh skazal by: "C'est tout..." Adol'f ("syn Solnca", chto li?) poka chto - nol' v kvadrate, emu lish' 22. Na solnce zheltaya golova kitajca po imeni Sun'-YAt-Sen kazhetsya sharom bil'yardnym. Vsem v svyazi s etim delom obrezali kosy. (Ukaz Prezidenta. Kakie voprosy?) (Hotya odnogo ne mogu vzyat' v tolk: kak v svezheobritom Parlamente tom budet vyglyadet' men'shinstvo, kogda za nim, kak minimum, sto millionov takih zhe brityh golov. Vryad li sredi parlamentskih slov i vyrazhenij najdetsya takoe, chto vvergnet Vostok v sostoyan'e pokoya.) V Meksike posle krovavyh rodeo stal prezidentom Francisko Madero. Ital'yancy, stryahnuv s ushej lapshu, nastavili pushki na Pashu. "Iskusstvo - v massy!" S takim devizom iz Luvra stibrili Monu Lizu. Po etomu delu parizhskim kopam, peretryahnuvshim zady Evropy, popalsya Gijom na bloshinom rynke. "Duineser Elegien" Rajnera Ril'ke pishutsya. V Londone sufrazhistki sushat na drevnih gazonah pozhitki. CHelovek goda - polyarnyj volk: sviter, ushanka, sipyashchij golos. Polyarnyj volk, eto - znayushchij tolk v tom, chto "na YUg" oznachaet "na Polyus". (Rual' Amundsen) "YA - Rual' Amundsen. YA vlyublen v led. Carstvo sinego l'da prostiraetsya ot polyusa k polyusu. ZHizn' vo l'dah na lyubom yazyke nachinaetsya s "ah!" Ah! kogda na termometre - minus sorok. Vasha mysl' izbavlyaetsya ot sora. Na vopros: "CHto est' golos, zovushchij v Raj?", otvechayu: "Sobachij prostuzhennyj laj!"" 1912. Kapitan Robert Skott zapozdalo konchaet na Polyuse. Tot uzhe byl pod Rualem. Skott vidit l'dy, vspominaet, chto bylo, i molodym umiraet. Ot gorya ne taet led. I vot na polnom hodu parohod "Titanik" ego obnimaet. Zvon u Llojda v Londone. Pohoron uzhe pobolee. Povod veskij rvanut' v Rumyniyu, gde Ionesko rodilsya, il' na Balkany, gde turok s naganom i v borode; hotya my syuda - ne za etim. Mir shodit vtihuyu s uma. Kumir londonskih nyanek i ih pitomcev - nash balagan! Iz ego potomstva CHerchill' sostryapaet armiyu. V SSHA Vudro Vil'son skazal vsem: "SHa! Sverhu kladu kozyrnogo tuza!" (Stavka: N'yu-Mehiko i Arizona.) "Kto - za? Kto - protiv? Stvolov u menya - sotni tysyach." Vse ("glori, glori...") proshlo bez stychek i krovi, i proch. Zato v Evrope est' komu poperdet' v okope: pyat' millionov odnih ivanov, pochti po chetyre gansov i zhanov. K mogilam bratskim shagat' im v nogu poka ne vremya. I, slava Bogu. Bog sozdal Zemlyu, no Vodu - tozhe, a okeanu eshche, pohozhe, pod silu pravit' (igra bez pravil) bal polusharij: Kain i Avel'. CHelovek goda - skok-po-skok. Emu, odnako zhe, ne do shutok. Hot' byl on ne nizok i ne vysok, no prygnul za Rodinu s parashyutom. (Kapitan Al'bert Berri) "Pryacha golovu pod kapyushon, vsyakij raz ty pohozh na shuta, dazhe tem, dlya kogo ty smeshon, chert tvoih ne vidat' ni cherta! Na pechal' stoit plyunut', synok, chtoby zhit' bez pechatej i viz! Zanesi nad planetoj sapog, oduvanchikom padaya vniz." 1913. Zapahlo krov'yu na Balkanah. Povodit brov'yu v beloj pare parlamentarij: ob®edinivshijsya proletarij kisnet turecko-slovackim farshem. Grazhdane SHtatov paradnym marshem vnosyat nalog federal'nyj v kassu. CHto zhe i vpryam' vzvolnovalo massy, tak to - michiganskij konvejer Forda. Mir chistogana! Tak plyunut' v mordu Marksu ohota! Kakomu Karlu moglo takoe prisnit'sya? V marlyu uzhe zapelenut mladenec Nikson, skrestivshij nozhki koryavym iksom. Ego ikota - nichto, v sravnen'i s mnogogolosym stihotvoren'em Roberta Frosta; "North of Boston" vpolne gotov potyagat'sya rostom s Grand Central Station, gde s kryshi pozzhe, sentimental'nye skorchiv rozhi v nemom vostorge, mochit'sya budut krutye parni iz Golivuda. Tem chasom Prust ugodil v farvater "potoka soznaniya"; inkubator: gejgera schetchik shchiplet sredu; Stravinskij v Parizhe - La Sacre du Printemps - zakonodatel' mod. Odnako publika lyubit fokstrot. SHvejcer lechit. (Ves' mir - v agonii.) Vo f'ordah - podlodki. V shirinkah - molnii. I vy, zadumchivyj inostranec, vo sne o gryadushchem sosete palec. CHelovek goda, boyus', Nil's Bor. Tol'ko datchanin skazhet, chto atom pohozh na protertyj probor ili sled ot stupni na plyazhe. (Nil's Bor) "Krohoten atom. Krasa - ne v roste. Kogda vy rasshchepite hot' odin, on s vami v takie sygraet kosti, - hot' tyshchi trupov na kon kladi! Teper' nazyvajte atom - melkim! On, kak i mir, kak i ya - velik! S odnoj storony, - kak pomyataya celka. S drugoj, - kak vzdyblennyj materik!" 1914. CHetyrnadcatyj! Istoricheskij god! Evropa uzhe zastrahovana ot zdorovogo sna. Syrye fakty: Parizh, "Figaro" pokinul redaktor s dyrkoj vo lbu, zastrelen suprugoj ministra finansov; gazetchik s ispugu napishet, mol "ledi siya - sans merci". C'est tout. Odnako, s etim vsvyazi, pomyanem i ZHana ZHoresa, on svoim prizyvom blyusti zakon vyzval v Parlamente buryu strastej; itog: ne otvedav na uzhin slastej, prostrelennyj cherep upal v antrekot... CHetyrnadcatyj! Romanticheskij god! Vuali. Kafe. Odinokij pif-paf. Pochti pastoral'! Do rozhden'ya Piaf vsego-to lish' god. Ej ne spet' o tom, kak v Dubline vnov' oblazhalsya Tom, o tom, kak otkrylsya kanal v Paname, o peresazhennom serdce... Nami vse eto zabudetsya vskore, v Saraevo pribyl ercgercog, a s nim - zhena ego; komu-to takoj nepriyaten duet, pule tesno v stvole... (Prodolzhenie sleduet) 1986 KOMMENTARIJ 1900. "Bokserskoe" ("ihetuan'skoe") vosstanie v iyune 1900 goda dokatilos' ot severnyh granic Kitaya do Pekina. Floriya (Toska), znamenitaya pevica, 14 yanvarya 1900 goda v Rime ispolnila rol' glavnoj geroini na prem'ere opery Dzhakomo Puchchini "Toska". Idet vtoroj god krovoprolitnoj anglo-burskoj vojny. Angliya zahvatyvaet Nigeriyu i Zolotoj Bereg v Afrike. Zapushchen v proizvodstvo pervyj avtomaticheskij pistolet Brauninga. Pobeda Ameriki v konflikte s Ispaniej obespechila MakKinli pereizbranie prezidentom SSHA. 1901. Velikobritaniya proshchaetsya s korolevoj Viktoriej, poslednej iz Gannoverskoj dinastii, pravivshej imperiej s 1837 goda. "Bokserskoe" vosstanie v Kitae podavleno sovmestnymi usiliyami armij Germanii, YAponii, Velikobritanii, SSHA, Francii, Rossii. Akcionernoe obshchestvo Markoni pristupilo k vypusku "serijnyh" radiopriemnikov. V sentyabre prezident SSHA MakKinli ubit anarhistom. 1902. Anglo-burskaya vojna zavershilas' porazheniem burov. 1903. Na vtorom s®ezde RSDRP (Bryussel'-London) obrazovany frakcii men'shevikov i bol'shevikov. Pravitel'stvo Panamy ustupilo SSHA v dolgosrochnuyu arendu territoriyu Panamskogo kanala. 1904. Nachalo russko-yaponskoj vojny. V N'yu-Jorke zapushchena pervaya liniya metropolitena. 1905. Proizoshel okonchatel'nyj razryv shvedsko-norvezhskogo soyuza. V oktyabre nachalos' (vsled za vosstaniem plemeni gerero) vosstanie plemeni gottentotov v Afrike protiv nemcev. Porazhenie Rossii v vojne s YAponiej. Pamyatnoe "krovavoe voskresen'e". Sluzhashchij cyurihskogo patentnogo byuro Al'bert |jnshtejn za odin god publikuet pyat' nauchnyh statej, v odnoj iz kotoryh vpervye formuliruyutsya bazovye idei special'noj teorii otnositel'nosti. 1906. Nachalo vooruzhennoj intervencii SSHA protiv Kuby. Anglichane spustili na vodu pervyj sverhmoshchnyj bronenosec tipa "Drednout". V Al'pah prolozhen znamenityj "simplonskij" tonnel', napryamuyu svyazavshij Italiyu i SHvejcariyu. V Rossii Petr Stolypin zanyal post prem'er-ministra vsled za Sergeem Vitte. 1907. Sozdan novozelandskij "Soyuz parnej". Izobretena diagnosticheskaya proba na tuberkulez (TB - tuberkulez, sokr. s angl.). Boevikami RSDRP (b) osushchestvleno "ograblenie veka" rossijskoj kazny na summu 400000 rublej, rukovodil operaciej Iosif Dzhugashvili (Stalin). Kalamazu - zashtatnyj gorod na severe SSHA. 1908. Anneksiya Avstro-Vengriej territorij Bosnii i Gercegoviny. Kalabriya - poluostrov na yuge Italii. 1909. Krest'yanskoe vosstanie v Gondurase. Frejd chitaet pervye lekcii po psihoanalizu v SSHA. Proishodit skandal'nyj razryv mezhdu kumirami amerikanskih kinozritelej: rezhisserom Dejvidom Griffitom i aktrisoj Meri Pikford. 1910. Voennyj konflikt mezhdu YAponiej i Koreej. 1911. Vesnoj F.Madero stal prezidentom Meksiki, odnako uzhe v fevrale 1913 on byl rasstrelyan vo vremya ocherednogo voennogo perevorota. V sentyabre nachaty uspeshnye voennye dejstviya Italii protiv Turcii za livijskie territorii. Sufrazhistki - uchastnicy dvizheniya za predostavlenie zhenshchinam izbiratel'nyh prav. 1912. 1 yanvarya Sun' YAt-sen, pri podderzhke politicheskih sil YUzhnogo Kitaya, stal pervym vremennym prezidentom respubliki Kitaj. V aprele, v katastrofe, proizoshedshej s transokeanskim sudnom "Titanik", zastrahovannym znamenitoj anglijskoj strahovoj monopoliej "Llojd", pogiblo okolo 1500 chelovek ("...I kolokol gluho b'et v pomeshchenii Llojda", Iosif Brodskij ,"Novyj ZHyul' Vern"). Osen'yu nachalas' vojna balkanskih gosudarstv protiv Turcii. 1913. V noyabre izdana pervaya kniga Marselya Prusta iz cikla "V poiskah utrachennogo vremeni" - "Po napravleniyu k Svanu" (Swann's way). V oktyabre-dekabre proshla krupnejshaya v istorii anglo-irlandskih otnoshenij zabastovka irlandskih rabochih v Dubline. Soavtor |jnshtejna po znamenitoj "|volyucii fiziki" Infel'd pishet o tom, chto Bor "na samom dele videl atom... i myslil obrazami, kotorye neustanno prohodili pered ego glazami". 1914. 28 iyunya v Saraevo nacionalistom Gavriilom Principa ubit naslednik avstrijskogo prestola, ercgercog Ferdinand (ego supruga byla tyazhelo ranena), chto posluzhilo formal'nym predlogom dlya nachala Pervoj Mirovoj vojny. 31 iyulya nacionalistom Villenom v restorane zastrelen socialist ZH.ZHores. Zamechennye netochnosti 1911. Na samom dele R.M.Ril'ke nachal rabotu nad ciklom "Duinskie elegii" (Duineser Elegien) lish' v yanvare 1912 goda v zamke Duino, zakoncheny elegii 14 fevralya 1922 goda v SHvejcarii, v starinnoj bashne Myuzo (kanton Vale), vpervye opublikovany v iyune 1923 goda v izdatel'stve "Inzel'" v Lejpcige. 1913. "North of Boston" Roberta Frosta opublikovany v Anglii tol'ko v 1914 godu. Schetchik Gejgera skonstruirovan eshche v 1908 godu. PORTRETNAYA GALLEREYA Rual' Amundsen (1872-1928), norvezhskij polyarnyj issledovatel', 14 dekabrya 1911 goda pervym dostig YUzhnogo polyusa. Gijom Apolliner (Vil'gel'm Apollinarij Kostrovickij) (1880-1918), francuzskij poet. Lui Deniel Armstrong (1900-1971), amerikanskij dzhazovyj pevec i trubach. Dzhordzh Noel Gordon Bajron (1788-1824), anglijskij poet-romantik. Dzhordzh Balanchin (Georgij Balanchivadze) (1904-1983), amerikanskij baletmejster. Samyuel' Bekket (1906-1989), irlandskij dramaturg. Al'bert Berri (....-....), kapitan francuzskoj armii, pervym ispytavshij parashyut. Nil's Hendrik David Bor (1885-1962), datskij fizik, razrabotal kvantovuyu model' atoma. Dzhon Mozes Brauning (1855-1926), amerikanskij konstruktor i promyshlennik. Aleksandr Brodskij (1903-1984), professional'nyj fotograf, otec Iosifa Brodskogo. Dzhuzeppe Verdi (1813-1901), ital'yanskij kompozitor. Viktoriya (1819-1901), koroleva Velikobritanii (1837-1901). Vil'gel'm Vtoroj (Velikij Kajzer) (1859-1941), germanskij imperator i prusskij korol' (1888-1918). Tomas Vudro Vil'son (1856-1924), 28j prezident SSHA (1913-1921). Leonardo da Vinchi (1452-1519), ital'yanskij zhivopisec, skul'ptor, arhitektor, uchenyj, inzhener. Sergej Vitte (1849-1915), graf, prem'er-ministr Rossijskogo pravitel'stva (1905-1906). Ivlin Vo (1903-1966), anglijskij pisatel'. Mariya Vol'pert (1905-1983), perevodchica, mat' Iosifa Brodskogo. Karl Gagenbek (1844-1913), nemeckij zoolog, osnovatel' krupnejshej firmy po torgovle dikimi zhivotnymi. |dmund Gallej (1656-1742), anglijskij astronom i geofizik. Greta Garbo (1905-1990), amerikanskaya kinoaktrisa. Hans Gejger (1882-1945), nemeckij fizik. Georg Pyatyj (1865-1936), anglijskij korol' (1910-1936). Adol'f Gitler (SHikl'gruber) (1889-1945), c 1921 goda fyurer Germanskoj Nacional-socialisticheskoj partii, s 1934 prezident Germanii. Pol' Gogen (1848-1903), francuzskij zhivopisec-postimpressionist. Grem Grin (1904-....), anglijskij pisatel'. Dejvid Uork Griffit (1875-1948), amerikanskij kinorezhisser. Uolt Disnej (1901-1966), amerikanskij kinorezhisser-mul'tiplikator. Marlen Ditrih (Mariya Magdalena fon Losh) (1901-....), amerikanskaya kinoaktrisa. Artur Konan Dojl (1859-1930), anglijskij pisatel', detektivnaya povest' "Sobaka Baskervillej" napisana im v 1901-1902. Al'fred Drejfus (1859-1935), francuzskij oficer, evrej, lozhno obvinennyj v 1894 godu v shpionazhe v pol'zu Germanii, v 1899 pomilovan, v 1906 reabilitirovan. Ajsedora Dunkan (1877-1927), amerikanskaya tancovshchica, odna iz osnovopolozhnic shkoly tanca modern. Sergej Dyagilev (1872-1929), russkij teatral'nyj i hudozhestvennyj deyatel', organizator "Russkih sezonov" za rubezhom (s 1907 goda). ZHan ZHores (1859-1914), rukovoditel' francuzskoj socialisticheskoj partii, osnovatel' gazety "YUmanite", ubit 31 iyulya 1914. |zhen Ionesko (1912-....), francuzskij dramaturg. Gustav Krupp (....-....), v 1903 - direktor krupnejshego v Germanii metallurgicheskogo koncerna. Ferenc Legar (1870-1948), vengerskij kompozitor, dirizher. Lui ZHan Lyum'er (1864-1948), francuzskij izobretatel', sozdatel' kinematografa. Francisko Indalesio Madero (1873-1913), odin iz rukovoditelej meksikanskoj revolyucii 1910-1917 godov, prezident Meksiki s 1911 goda. Karl Maj (....-....), avstrijskij pisatel'. Uil'yam MakKinli (1843-1901), 25j prezident SSHA (1897-1901). Gul'el'mo Markoni (1874-1937), ital'yanskij radiotehnik i predprinimatel'. Karl Marks (1818-1883), osnovopolozhnik "nauchnogo kommunizma". Anri Matiss (1869-1954), francuzskij zhivopisec, odin iz liderov fovizma. Dmitrij Mendeleev (1834-1907), russkij himik, sformuliroval periodicheskij zakon himicheskih elementov. Klod Mone (1840-1926), francuzskij zhivopisec, impressionist. Nikolaj Vtoroj (Romanov) (1868-1918), poslednij rossijskij imperator. Richard Milhaus Nikson (1913-....), 37j prezident SSHA (1969-1974). Fridrih Nicshe (1844-1900), nemeckij filosof-irracionalist, pisatel', poet. Uistan H'yu Oden (1907-1973), amerikanskij poet. Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936), russkij fiziolog. |dit Piaf (Gas'on) (1915-1963), francuzskaya estradnaya pevica. Pablo Pikasso (Ruis-i-Pikasso Pablo) (1881-1973), francuzskij zhivopisec, osnovopolozhnik kubizma. Klemens fon Pirke (1874-1929), avstrijskij pediatr, v 1907 godu predlozhil diagnosticheskuyu probu na tuberkulez. Meri Pikford (1893-1979), amerikanskaya kinoaktrisa. Robert |dvin Piri (1856-1920), amerikanskij polyarnyj issledovatel', 6 aprelya 1909 goda dostig na sobach'ej upryazhke Severnogo Polyusa. Kamill' Pissaro (1830-1903), francuzskij zhivopisec, impressionist. Maks Plank (1858-1947), nemeckij fizik, osnovopolozhnik kvantovoj teorii. Marsel' Prust (1871-1922), francuzskij pisatel'. Orvill (1871-1948) i Uilber (1867-1912) Rajt, amerikanskie aviakonstruktory i letchiki. Frank Llojd Rajt (1869-1959), amerikanskij arhitektor. |rnest Rezerford (1871-1937), anglijskij fizik i himik, razrabotal planetarnuyu model' atoma. Rajner Maria Ril'ke (1875-1926), avstrijskij poet. Ogyust Roden (1840-1917), francuzskij skul'ptor. Dzh.D.Rokfeller-starshij (1839-1937), znamenityj amerikanskij bankir-mul'timillioner, neftepromyshlennik. Teodor Ruzvel't (1858-1919), 26j prezident SSHA (1901-1909). ZHan-Pol' Sartr (1905-1980), francuzskij pisatel', filosof. Pol' Sezann (1839-1906), francuzskij zhivopisec, postimpressionist. Robert Folkon Skott (1868-1912), anglijskij issledovatel' Antarktidy, dostig YUzhnogo polyusa 18 yanvarya 1912 goda (na 33 dnya pozzhe Amundsena), pogib na obratnom puti. Gertruda Stajn (1874-1946), amerikanskaya pisatel'nica. Iosif Stalin (Dzhugashvili) (1879-1953), general'nyj sekretar' CK KPSS (1922-1953), generalissimus, v 1907 - chlen RSDRP(b), odin iz rukovoditelej "boevyh brigad". Igor' Stravinskij (1882-1971), russkij kompozitor i dirizher. Avgust YUhan Strindberg (1849-1912), shvedskij pisatel' i dramaturg. Sun' YAt-sen (Sun' CHzhun-shan', Sun' Ven') (1866-1925), kitajskij politik, s 1912 goda vremennyj prezident respubliki Kitaj. Uil'yam Houard Taft (1857-1930), 27j prezident SSHA (1909-1913). Mark Tven (Samyuel' Klemens) (1835-1910), amerikanskij pisatel'. Lev Tolstoj (1828-1910), graf, russkij pisatel'. Oskar Uajl'd (1854-1900), anglijskij pisatel'. Dzhems-Abbot-Mak-Nejl Uistler (1834-1903), anglijskij i amerikanskij zhivopisec i graver. Gerbert Dzhordzh Uells (1866-1946), anglijskij pisatel'-fantast. YAn Fleming (1908-1964), anglijskij pisatel'-detektivist. Zigmund Frejd (1856-1939), avstrijskij vrach-psihiatr, psiholog, osnovatel' psihoanaliza. Robert Frost (1874?1875-1963), amerikanskij poet. Ruhhola Musavi Homejni (1898?1900?1903?-1989), ayatolla, lider Islamskoj Respubliki Iran (1979-...). Uinston Leonard Spenser CHerchill' (1874-1965), prem'er-ministr Velikobritanii (1940-1945, 1951-1955), v 1912 - morskoj ministr. Anton CHehov (1860-1904), russkij pisatel', dramaturg. Al'bert SHvejcer (1875-1965), nemeckij i francuzskij filosof, vrach, teolog, muzykoved. |duard Sed'moj (1841-1910), anglijskij korol' (1901-1910). Al'bert |jnshtejn (1879-1955), avstrijskij i amerikanskij fizik-teoretik, pervye raboty po teorii otnositel'nosti opublikovany im v 1905 godu. Paul' |rlih (1854-1915), nemeckij vrach, bakteriolog, osnovopolozhnik immunologii, sozdal preparat "sal'varsan" dlya lecheniya sifilisa.  * Joseph Brodsky. HISTORY OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY *  (A Roadshow) by Joseph Brodsky The Sun's in its orbit, yet I feel morbid. Act 1 Prologue Ladies and gentlemen and the day! All ye made of sweet human clay! Let me tell you: you are o'kay. Our show is to start without much delay. So let me inform you right away: this is not a play but the end of the play that has been on for some eighty years. It received its boos and received its cheers. It won't last for long, one fears. Men and machines lie to rest or rust. Nothing arrives as quick as the Past. What we'll show you presently is the cast of characters who have ceased to act. Each of these lives has become a fact from which you presumably can subtract but to which you blissfully cannot add. The consequences of that could be bad for your looks or your blood. For they are the cause, you are the effect. because they lie flat, you are still erect. Citizens! Don't neglect history! History holds the clue to your taxes and to your flu, to what comes out of the blue. We'll show you battlefields, bedrooms, labs, sinking ships and escaping subs, cradles, weddings, divorces, slabs. Folks! The curtain's about to rise! What you'll see won't look like a Paradise. Still, the Past may moisten a pair of eyes, for its prices were lower than our sales, for it was ruining cities: not blood cells; for on the horizon it's not taut sails but the wind that fails. 1900. A quiet year, you bet. True: none of you is alive as yet. The '00' stands for the lack of you. Still, things are happening, quite a few. In China, the Boxers are smashing whites. In Russia, A.P.Chekhov writes. In Italy, Floria Tosca screams. Freud, in Vienna, interprets dreams. The Impressionists paint, Rodin still sculpts. In Africa, Boers grab the British scalps or vice versa (who cares, my dear?). And McKinley is re-elected here. There are four great empires, three good democracies. The rest of the world sports loin - cloths and moccasins, speaking both figuratively and literally. Upstaging "Umberto's" in Little Italy, in the big one Umberto the Ist's shot dead. (Not all that's written on walls is read). And marking the century's real turn, Friedrich Nietzsche dies, Louis Armstrong's born to refute the great Kraut's unholy "God is dead" with "Hello, Dolly." The man of the year, though, is an engineer. John Browning is his name. He's patented something. So let us hear about John's claim to fame. ( John Moses Browning ) "I looked at the calendar, and I saw that there are a hundred years to go. That made me a little nervous for I thought of my neighbors. I've multiplied them one hundred times: it came to them being all over! So I went to my study that looks out on limes and invented this cute revolver!" 1901. A swell, modest time. A T-bone steak is about a dime. Queen Victoria dies; but then Australia repeats her silhouette and, inter alia, joins the Commonwealth. In the humid woods of Tahiti, Gauguin paints his swarthy nudes. In China, the Boxers take the rap. Max Planck in his lab (not on his lap yet) in studying radiation. Verdi dies too. But our proud nation, represented by Mrs.Disney, awards the world with a kid by the name of Walt who'll animate the screen. Off screen, the British launch their first submarine. But it's a cake-walk or a Strindberg play or Freud's "Psychopathology of Everyday Life" that really are not to be missed! And McKinley's shot dead by an anarchist. The man of the year is Signore Marconi. He is an Italian, a Roman. His name prophetically rhymes with "Sony": they have a few things in common. ( Guglieimo Marconi ) "In a Catholic country where the sky is blue and clouds look like cherubs' vestiges, one daily receives through the air a few wordless but clear messages. Regular speech has its boring spoils: it leads to more speech, to violence, it looks like spaghetti, it also coils. That's why I've built the wireless!" 1902. Just another bland peaceful year. They dissect a gland and discover hormones. And a hormone once discovered is never gone. The Boer War (ten thousand dead) is over. Elsewhere, kind Europeans offer railroad chains to a noble savage. A stork leaves a bundle in a Persian cabbage patch, and the tag reads "Khomeini". Greeks, Serbs, Croats, and Bulgars are at each others' throats Claude Monet paints bridges nevertheless. The population of the U.S. is approximately 76 million: all of them having sex to affect our present rent. Plus Teddy Roosevelt's the President. The man of the year is Arthur Conan Doyle, a writer. The subjects of his great toil are a private dick and a paunchy doc; occasionally, a dog. ( Sir Arthur Conan Doyle ) "Imagine the worst: your subconscious is as dull as your conscience. And you, a noble soul, grab a Luger and make Swiss cheese out of your skull. Better take my novel about the Hound of the Baskervilles! It'll save a handful of your brain cells and beef up your dreams. For it simply kills time and somebody else!" 1903. You may start to spy on the future. Old Europe's sky is a little dim. To increase its dimness, The Krupp Works in Essen erect their chimneys. (Thus the sense of Geld breeds the sense of guilt.) Still, more smoke comes from London, from a smoke-filled room where with guile and passion Bolsheviks curse Mensheviks in Russian. Speaking of Slavs: The Serbian King and Queen are done by local well-wishers in. Painters Whistler, Gauguin, Pissarro are gone. Panama rents us its Canal Zone. While bidding their maidens bye-bye and cheerio, the tommies sail off to grab Nigeria and turn it into a British colony: to date, a nation's greatest felony is if it's neither friend nor foe. My father is born. So is Evelyn Waugh. Man of the year, I am proud to say is two men. They are brothers. Together, they sport two heads, four legs and four hands-which brings us to their bird's four wings. ( The Wright Brothers ) "We are Orville and Wilbur Wright. Our name simply rhymes with 'flight'! This may