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 From: "Andrew S. Bogatyirev (Soft Eng)" (abs@opentech.olvit.ru)


==========
	Dannyj dokument opisyvaet posledovatel'nost'
	dejstvij sistemnogo administratora po ustanovke
	paketa rusifikacii Open Windows dlya Solaris 2.3 i vyshe,
	a takzhe funkcional'nye vozmozhnosti paketa.

	Posle installyacii paketa vy mozhete prochest' etu instrukciyu po komande
		man cyrillic

	Paket podderzhivaet sleduyushchie kodirovki:

	o KOI-8 (RFC-1489) -    kotoraya ispol'zuetsya v elektronnoj pochte
		(ISO 6937-8)    seti RelCom, a takzhe istoricheski soderzhitsya
		(GOST 19768-74) v ryade russkoyazychnyh programm dlya UNIX,
		(IBM CP-878)    proishodyashchih iz firmy "Demos".
				Nedostatok etoj kodirovki tot, chto bukvy
				raspolozheny ne v alfavitnom poryadke
				(chto ne meshaet avtoram paketa ispol'zovat'
				imenno etu kodirovku :).
		KOI = Kod Obmena Informaciej.

		Smotri:
			xv $OPENWINHOME/share/images/cyr/koi8-r.gif

	o ISO 8859-5       -    amerikanskij standart na russkie bukvy,
				prinyatyj bez kakogo-libo soglasovaniya
				s russkimi programmistami. Zato eto standart.

		Smotri:
			xfd -fn timescyr-20

	o Microsoft 1251   -    kodirovka, kotoraya ispol'zuetsya v Microsoft Windows.
				De-fakto standart na russkuyu kodirovku v mire PC.
				Izvestna takzhe pod nazvaniem Cyrillic ANSI
				i IBM CP-1251 (Code Page 1251)
				(na samom dele eto ob®edin£nnyj korporativnyj standart
				IBM i Microsoft).

	o Upominaetsya takzhe kodirovka IBM CP-866, izvestnaya kak
	  "al'ternativnaya kodirovka dlya MS DOS",
	  odnako shrifty i raskladka klaviatury dlya ne£ ne podderzhivayutsya.

VNIMANIE!
	Dannyj paket NE rabotaet s Solaris 1.x, Solaris 2.0, 2.1, 2.2

VNIMANIE!
	POLNYJ nabor Adobe fontov i polnyj nabor vseh perechislennyh
	programm mozhet byt' poluchen tol'ko na special'nyh usloviyah.
	Obychnyj distributiv soderzhit sil'no urezannyj nabor Adobe fontov
	i programm.
	Avtor takzhe solasen vydat' besplatno ishodnye teksty otdel'nyh utilit.

ADRES DLYA KONTAKTOV:
	abs@openwin.msk.su    (Andrej Sergeevich Bogatyr£v - avtor)
	balter@lvs.msk.su     (Boris Al'terman            - sales)
	ssc@decart.npi.msu.su (Igor' Luk'yanov             - sales)

OTVETSTVENNOSTX:
	Avtor ne nes£t otvetstvennosti za rabotosposobnost' postavlyaemogo paketa
	v neottestirovannyh s soglasiya i s uchastiem avtora prilozheniyah.

	Pol'zovatel' imeet pravo testirovat' paket na primenimost' v
	izbrannoj im prikladnoj sisteme, i v sluchae neudachi PROSITX
	avtora o dostizhenii sovmestimosti.
	Pol'zovatel' ne imeet prava TREBOVATX etogo i pred®yavlyat' pretenzii,
	poskol'ku:
	- paket testirovan dlya Solaris i v n£m garantirovanno rabotaet;
	- avtor ne imeet vozmozhnosti (i zhelaniya) testirovat' vse na svete
	  prikladnye sistemy sam;
	- avtor ne mozhet nesti otvetstvennosti za oshibki v chuzhih sistemah;
	To est' avtor ne otvechaet za ispol'zovanie paketa ili ego komponent
	dlya celej, ne predusmotrennyh pri ego razrabotke, i ne ogovorennyh
	special'no s avtorom. Dopolnitel'nye vozmozhnosti ili oblast' primeneniya
	mogut:
	- byt' iniciativoj pol'zovatelya;
	- avtor soglasen okazat' neobhodimye konsul'tacii i dat' sovety,
	  a takzhe okazat' posil'nuyu pomoshch';
	- no ne garantiruet etogo i ne otvechaet za uspeh ili neudachu
	  dannogo meropriyatiya.


	- Odna licenziya da£t vam pravo ustanovki paketa
		- fontov:       na ODNU mashinu.
		- MOWcyrKit:    na vse mashiny v odnoj lokal'noj seti.

	- Nekotoraya chast' paketa yavlyaetsya "narodnym dostoyaniem" i
	  mozhet razdavat'sya iz ruk v ruki bez ogranichenij.

	- SHrifty i ryad programm predstavlyayut soboj sobstvennost' ih avtorov
	  i NE MOGUT razdavat'sya svobodno.
	  Rastrovye shrifty razrabotany CHufarovskim (udarenie na 'o').
	  Masshtabiruemye shrifty razrabotany firmoj "Paragraf".

	- Ryad programm postavlyaetsya v ishodnyh tekstah.
	  Vy imeete pravo modificirovat' i uluchshat' ih po svoemu usmotreniyu,
	  odnako avtor vydvigaet USLOVIE: vy dolzhny soobshchit' emu o tom,
	  chto vy sdelali (a eshch£ luchshe - i kak sdelali), daby avtor
	  smog vnesti uluchsheniya v original i tem oblagodetel'stvovat'
	  VSEH pol'zovatelej etogo paketa.

	- Obnovl£nnye versii paketa prezhnie ego pokupateli mogut poluchit'
	  besplatno (no na svoj nositel'). Konsul'tacii - besplatno.
	  Pozhelaniya prinimayutsya s interesom (no net garantii, chto oni budut
	  realizovany NEMEDLENNO).

				"YA delal etot paket ne dlya prodazhi,
				 a dlya sebya. Ezhednevno im pol'zuyus'."

				Uspehov!
				Andrej Bogatyr£v.

===========================================================================


	Pardon.

	No kodirovki KOI-8 i ISO-8859-5 v oblasti psevdografiki
	vypolneny ne po standartu.
	Massa neudachnyh reshenij prinimaetsya po istoricheskim prichinam:
	snachala "tak bylo sdelano", a posle - len' peredelyvat'.

	- Prichina istoricheskaya: takie fonty i tablicy perekodirovki byli
	  sdelany eshch£ do togo, kak ya prinyal v svoi ruki ves' etot proekt.
	  Plyus k tomu: vs£ eto bylo gotovo eshch£ do togo, kak poyavilsya RFC-1489.

	- V ISO-8859-5 voobshche net psevdografiki.
	  Krome togo, ya ne raschityval na Ukrainu i Belorussiyu.

	- V PostScript fontah psevdografiki takzhe prosto net.

	- V Relcom novosti iz FIDO gejtuyutsya s PCshnoj psevdografikoj.
	  Fonty, ispol'zuemye u nas, sohranyayut etu psevdografiku,
	  togda kak RFC-1489 portit e£.
	  Takim obrazom, nasha tablica perekodirovki KOI-8  <==> CP-866
	  sootvetstvuet toj, kotoraya stoit na shlyuze Relcom <==> Fido,
	  hotya i ne sootvetstvuet standartu.

	- Poryadok psevdograficheskih simvolov v RFC-1489 produman ploho,
	  tochnee govorya, ne produman vovse. On ne opiraetsya na CP-866,
	  vvodit svoj sobstvennyj poryadok, kotoryj, odnako, ves'ma ploh.
	  |tot poryadok sootvetstvuet Unicode, i, kak obychno, priduman
	  burzhuyami, kotorym bylo len' dumat' - lish' by kak.

	  Moi soobrazheniya o tom, kak dolzhna byla by vyglyadet' tablica
	  psevdografiki, vy mozhete uvidet' na kartinkah

		xv $OPENWINHOME/share/images/cyr/idea1.gif
		xv $OPENWINHOME/share/images/cyr/idea2.gif

	- "koi8-r" (RFC-1700) est' neudachnoe nazvanie dlya codeset,
	  poskol'ku v Solaris okonnaya sistema ne v sostoyanii ispol'zovat' takie imena.
	  V pare

		...-encoding-registry

	  ona trebuet, chtoby registry bylo cifroj,
	  v to vremya kak v "koi8-r" bukva "r" - eto bukva, a ne cifra!
	  Inache zhe etot font otvergaetsya.

Esli vs£ eto odnazhdy vyzovet u kogo-nibud' neudobstva,
ya gotov izmenit' poryadok bukv v fontah
i tablicy perekodirovki odnogo codeset v drugoj.
Izmeneniyu podvergnutsya:

	- raskladka simvolov v rastrovyh i Type1 fontah;

	- tablicy perekodirovki iz odnoj kodirovki v druguyu
	  i vse programmy (make'em), pol'zuyushchiesya etimi tablicami
	  (vse, kto sozda£t i ispol'zuet ctables.h);

	- raskladka psevdografiki v termcap i terminfo;

	- vozmozhny pravki v locale;

	- smena specsimvolov (vrode Nomer i Paragraf) v groff
	  (tak kak v fontah oni mogut sdvinut'sya na inye pozicii);

	- estestvenno, proizojd£t pravka fajlov dannyh,
	  ispol'zuyushchih staruyu raskladku psevdografiki;

	- russkij NeWSprint kit?

===========================================================================

=================
    Predislovie.
    ------------

	o Distributiv soderzhit neskol'ko paketov:
		MOWcyrFnt - nabor russkih rastrovyh shriftov         1.6 MB
		MOWcyrKit - paket russifikacii                      3.6 MB
		MOWcyrMsg - russkie soobshcheniya dlya CDE               0.7 MB
		MOWcyrPS  - nabor russkih masshtabiruemyh shriftov   24.5 MB
		MOWlocal  - nabor dopolnitel'nyh programm          31.8 MB
		MNPcyrKit - paket kirillizacii NeWSprint 2.5        0.3 MB
		GNUroff   - GNU roff (sistema podgotovki tekstov)   7.5 MB
		GNUrofCyr - e£ kirillizaciya                        11.6 MB

	Razdelenie sdelano so sleduyushchej cel'yu: paket so shriftami dovol'no velik
	v ob®£me. Vy mozhete ustanovit' ego na ODIN nekij NFS server,
	i importirovat' ego na klientskie mashiny cherez set'.

	Ustanovka paketa MOWcyrKit avtomaticheski eksportiruet katalog /usr/openwin.
	Na klientskih mashinah vy dolzhny pomestit' v /etc/vfstab stroki dlya montirovaniya
	cherez set' katalogov s servera

		/usr/openwin/lib/X11/fonts/cyrill
		/usr/openwin/lib/X11/fonts/cyrill-Type1

	k analogichnym katalogam na vashej klientskoj mashine.
	Eshch£ luchshe ispol'zovat' dlya etogo automounter.

    Procedura.
    ----------

	Na vashem CD ROMe nahodyatsya tri fajla,
	zatragivayushchie installyaciyu:

		cyrill.img      - kirillizaciya
		gnukit.img      - gcc
		install.sh      - installyacionnyj skript

	Installyaciya dolzhna provodit'sya sleduyushchim obrazom:

	1)      Dolzhny byt' uzhe ustanovleny:
		a) Solaris 2.x          (x >= 3)
		b) CDE (Common Desktop Environment)
		c) Networker (Solstice Backup)     (esli trebuetsya)
		d) NeWSprint 2.5                   (esli trebuetsya)

		Primechanie: esli vy odnazhdy pereinstalliruete CDE,
		vam neobhodimo pereinstallirovat' takzhe paket MOWcyrKit.
	2)
		pkgadd -d cyrill.img MOWcyrFnt
		pkgadd -d cyrill.img MOWcyrKit
		pkgadd -d cyrill.img MOWcyrMsg
		pkgadd -d cyrill.img MOWcyrPS MOWlocal
		pkgadd -d cyrill.img GNUroff
		pkgadd -d cyrill.img GNUrofCyr

		if [ -d /opt/NeWSprint ] ; then
		     pkgadd -d cyrill.img MNPcyrKit
		fi
		pkgadd -d gnukit.img GNUkit

	|ti komandy kak raz i pomeshcheny v fajl install.sh
	i mogut byt' vypolneny pri pomoshchi

		sh install.sh

	Ukazannyj poryadok installyacii paketov SUSHCHESTVENEN!

	Na voprosy installyatora sleduet otvechat':

	1) Na vopros ob ispol'zuemoj kodirovke otvet'te
	   - koi      dlya KOI-8         (RFC-1489)
	   - iso      dlya ISO 8859-5
	   - mswcyr   dlya kodirovki ANSI Cyrillic, ispol'zuemoj v Microsoft Windows
					(Microsoft 1251).

	   Kodirovka Microsoft 866 ispol'zuetsya pod imenem altdos.

	   Budut proinstallirovany neobhodimye fajly dlya vseh kodirovok,
	   no iznachal'nye nastrojki budut sdelany dlya ukazannoj vami.

	2) Na zapros o polnom imeni vashej organizacii otvet'te strokoj,
	   kotoraya dolzhna budet poyavlyat'sya v pole
	   Organization: 
	   vashih pisem v elektronnoj pochte.
	   CHtoby ne otvechat' na etot vopros, mozhno pomestit' etu stroku
	   v fajl /etc/organization

	3) Na vopros "zapuskat' li XDM?"
	   Otvechajte "yes" tol'ko esli vasha rabochaya stanciya imeet graficheskuyu
	   konsol'. Otvechajte "no", esli u vas server bez konsoli ili s
	   zel£nym terminalom.

	   Zapusk XDM pri zagruzke sistemy proishodit v tom sluchae,
	   esli imeetsya fajl /etc/xdm.run (pustoj).

	4) Na zapros magicheskogo klyucha otvet'te strokoj,
	   kotoruyu vam soobshchit prodavec dannogo paketa.

	*) Na ostal'nye voprosy otvechajte       y (yes).

Primer protokola postanovki paketa.
-----------------------------------
Obratite vnimanie na poryadok:
MOWcyrFnt MOWcyrKit MOWcyrMsg MOWcyrPS MOWlocal GNUroff GNUrofCyr

Otvety pol'zovatelya oboznacheny _tekst_

	# sh install.sh

	Processing package instance  from 

	OpenWindows Bitmap Cyrillic Fonts
	(SPARC) Version 2.3 for X11r5
	----------------------------------------------------------------
	|                                                              |
	| Copyright (C) 1993,94,95 George Akimoff, Andrew Bogatyirev   |
	| All Rights Reserved.                                         |
	|                                                              |
	| Contains copyrighted software licensed from                  |
	|     Moscow Center for SPARC-technology and                   |
	|     Open Technologies, Ltd.                                  |
	| Unauthorized duplication is strictly prohibited.             |
	|                                                              |
	| Restricted rights of distribution are given to               |
	|     LVS Corporation  and                                     |
	|     DEC Art                                                  |
	|                                                              |
	| Disassembly, decompilation, or other means of reducing       |
	| the object code to human readable form                       |
	| is prohibited by the license agreement under which           |
	| this code is provided to the user or company                 |
	| in possession of this copy.                                  |
	|                                                              |
	----------------------------------------------------------------
	## Processing package information.
	## Processing system information.
	## Verifying disk space requirements.
	## Checking for conflicts with packages already installed.
	## Checking for setuid/setgid programs.

	Installing OpenWindows Bitmap Cyrillic Fonts as 

	## Installing part 1 of 1.
	/usr/openwin/lib/X11/fonts/cyrill/crc5-08.pcf.Z
		................
		................
		................
	/usr/openwin/lib/X11/fonts/cyrill/sscWi-24.pcf.Z
	[ verifying class  ]

	Installation of  was successful.

	Processing package instance  from 

	OpenWindows Cyrillic Kit
	(SPARC) Version 2.4.2 for X11r5
	Using  as the package base directory.
		................
		................
		................
	Which codeset will you use: KOI-8, ISO 8859-5, ANSI Cyrillic (MS Windows) ?
	Please type koi or iso [koi|iso|mswcyr]: _koi_

	Please, enter default timezone or just hit 
	[Russia/Moscow (Samara,Novosibirsk)]: _ENTER_
	Russia/Moscow is to be used in /etc/timezone and /etc/default/init


	Please, enter Full name of your organization (for Email)
	> _Open Technologies, Ltd._
	Organization:  Open Technologies, Ltd.

	Please, enter your maildomain (for NIS/Email), such as hostname.msk.su
	[] > _openwin.msk.su_
	Maildomain: openwin.msk.su

	Do you want to start X Display Manager ? [yes] _yes_
	XDM start enabled

	Please type your magic key> _

	## Processing package information.
	## Processing system information.
	   25 package pathnames are already properly installed.
	## Verifying package dependencies.
	## Verifying disk space requirements.
	## Checking for conflicts with packages already installed.

	The following files are already installed on the system and are being
	used by another package:
		/usr/openwin/lib/Xinitrc

	Do you want to install these conflicting files [y,n,?,q] _y_
	## Checking for setuid/setgid programs.

	This package contains scripts which will be executed with super-user
	permission during the process of installing this package.

	Do you want to continue with the installation of this package [y,n,?] _y_

	Installing OpenWindows Cyrillic Kit as 

	## Executing preinstall script.
		................
		................
		................

		To use Cyrillization You have to

		1) add
			setenv LANG ru.koi_8                    (RFC-1489)
		     OR setenv LANG ru.iso_8859_5
		     OR setenv LANG ru.mswcyr                   (Microsoft 1251)

		   into your .cshrc file (or .login)

		2) check for
			/etc/skel/local.cshrc   -->  $HOME/.cshrc
			/etc/skel/local.login   -->  $HOME/.login
			/etc/skel/local.profile -->  $HOME/.profile

		   and copy them into your $HOME if needed.

		3) Then you have to exit OpenWindows
		   and re-start it again.

		4) cd /etc/skel  and read README* files

		*) You can switch between RUS/LAT by pressing of  key.
							      or  key.

				On Sun X-terminal use             key.



	Installation of  was successful.

	Processing package instance  from 
		................
		................
		................
	Installation of  was successful.

	Processing package instance  from 
		................
		................
		................
	Do you want to start WWW (HTTP) server ? [no] _no_
	Do not start WWW server
		................
		................
	The following files are already installed on the system and are being
	used by another package:
		/usr/local/man/man3 

	Do you want to install these conflicting files [y,n,?,q] _y_
	## Checking for setuid/setgid programs.

	The following files are being installed with setuid and/or setgid
	permissions or are overwriting files which are currently
	setuid/setgid:
		/usr/bin/rbmail 
		/usr/local/bin/le 
		/usr/local/bin/traceroute 
		/usr/local/bin/xwall 
		/usr/local/etc/httpd/httpd 

	Do you want to install these setuid/setgid files [y,n,?,q] _y_

	This package contains scripts which will be executed with super-user
	permission during the process of installing this package.

	Do you want to continue with the installation of this package [y,n,?] _y_

	Installing Set of local programs and sources (includes WWW) as 
		................
		................
		................
	Installation of  was successful.

	Processing package instance  from 

	GNU groff - text to PostScript formatting utility
	(SPARC) 1.09
	-------------------------------------------
	| Copyright (C)                           |
	|                                         |
	|    jjc@jclark.com (James Clark)         |
	|                                         |
	| and Free Software Foundation            |
	-------------------------------------------
	## Processing package information.
	## Processing system information.
	   2 package pathnames are already properly installed.
	## Verifying package dependencies.
	## Verifying disk space requirements.
	## Checking for conflicts with packages already installed.

	The following files are already installed on the system and are being
	used by another package:
		/usr/local/man/man1 

	Do you want to install these conflicting files [y,n,?,q] _y_
	## Checking for setuid/setgid programs.

	Installing GNU groff - text to PostScript formatting utility as 
		................
		................
		................
	Installation of  was successful.

	Processing package instance  from 

	GNU groff Cyrillization
	(SPARC) 1
		................
		................
	The following files are already installed on the system and are being
	used by another package:
		/usr/local/lib/groff/tmac/tmac.gs
		/usr/local/lib/groff/tmac/tmac.pspic
		/usr/local/lib/groff/tmac/troffrc

	Do you want to install these conflicting files [y,n,?,q] _y_
	## Checking for setuid/setgid programs.

	Installing GNU groff Cyrillization as 
		................
		................
		................
	Installation of  was successful.

	Processing package instance  from 
		................
		................
	This package contains scripts which will be executed with super-user
	permission during the process of installing this package.

	Do you want to continue with the installation of this package [y,n,?] _y_

	Installing NeWSprint 2.5 Cyrillic Kit -- KOI-8 codeset as 
		................
		................
	Installation of  was successful.

	Processing package instance  from 
		................
		................
		................
	Installation of  was successful.
	you have mail
	#

	REKOMENDUETSYA PEREZAGRUZITX SISTEMU V |TOM MESTE
	  i vystavit' pravil'noe vremya komandoj date.

Udalenie paketa.
----------------
	V sluchae nuzhdy vy mozhete udalit' paket rusifikacii, vypolniv komandy

		pkgrm MOWlocal MOWcyrPS MOWcyrMsg MOWcyrKit MOWcyrFnt

    Ustanovili. CHto dal'she?

----------------------- Posle togo, kak ustanovka vypolnena, vy dolzhny dlya kazhdogo pol'zovatelya, kotoryj budet ispol'zovat' russkij yazyk (pust', naprimer, eto pol'zovatel' user). Skopirovat' .login .cshrc .profile iz /etc/skel v domashnij katalog pol'zovatelya user (~user), komandy nizhe napisany dlya csh cp /etc/skel/local.login ~user/.login cp /etc/skel/local.cshrc ~user/.cshrc cp /etc/skel/local.profile ~user/.profile Esli pol'zovatel' uzhe imeet odin iz etih fajlov, to imeet smysl modificirovat' ego sushchestvuyushchie fajly, a ne kopirovat' predlagaemye nami. Imenno takoe kopirovanie osushchestvlyaet komandnyj fajl /etc/tune_lang (opisanie privoditsya nizhe). Klyuchevymi v etih fajlah yavlyayutsya stroki: V .login setenv LANG ru.koi_8 V .profile LANG=ru.koi_8; export LANG zadayushchie ispol'zovanie russkogo yazyka v kodirovke KOI-8. setenv LANG ru.iso_8859_5 dlya ISO 8859-5 setenv LANG ru.mswcyr dlya CP1251 setenv LANG ru.altdos dlya CP866 I stroka stty cs8 -istrip erase ^H opredelyayushchaya vos'mibitovyj vvod/vyvod.

    Sostav paketa.

============== Paket predostavlyaet vam: 1) Russkuyu kartu klaviatury. 2) Russkie shrifty dlya X Window System. 3) Resursy sistemy X Window, prisposoblennye dlya ispol'zovaniya russkogo yazyka. 4) locale dlya russkogo yazyka. 5) Vklyuchaet ispol'zovanie X Display Manager.

    Nastrojka yazyka.

================ Dlya bystroj smeny ispol'zuemoj kodirovki predlagaetsya komandnyj fajl /etc/tune_lang kotoryj mozhet ispol'zovat'sya kak tune_lang koi spisok_imen_pol'zovatelej ili tune_lang iso spisok_imen_pol'zovatelej tune_lang mswcyr spisok_imen_pol'zovatelej Pol'zovatel' root v spiske zada£t yazyk "po umolchaniyu" dlya vsej sistemy. Ne trebuetsya pereinstallyaciya paketa dlya smeny yazyka. Kak pravilo dostatochno prosto zadaniya setenv LANG ru. v $HOME/.login i LANG=ru.; export LANG v $HOME/.profile CHastichnaya otmena lokalizacii. ============================= Inogda byvaet neobhodimo, chtoby data vydavalas' na anglijskom yazyke. Dlya etogo sleduet zadat' peremennuyu okruzheniya setenv LC_TIME C ili v fajle /etc/default/init LC_TIME=C

    Tehnicheskoe opisanie komponent.

===============================

    Russkaya karta klaviatury.

------------------------- Sushchestvuyut DVE shemy pereklyucheniya russkogo yazyka pri vvode. Uchtite, chto v rezhime russkoj klaviatury, vy ne mozhete vvodit' upravlyayushchie kody vrode CTRL/C ili CTRL/U, chtoby ih vvesti vy DOLZHNY snachala pereklyuchit'sya v rezhim latinskoj klaviatury. Uvy, takovo ustrojstvo standartnoj X Window System. Pravka biblioteki Xlib mozhet pomoch' ispravit' etu problemu, mesto izvestno, no... luchshe ne narushat' celostnost' firmennogo koda. ZHelayushchim avtor mozhet podskazat' - chto nado sdelat'.

    Shema pervaya: xmodmap

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Pervaya shema ispol'zuet komandu xmodmap i fajly $OPENWINHOME/lib/locale/$LANG/Xmodmaprc Ona yavlyaetsya bolee ekonomichnoj, chem nasha vtoraya shema, ibo karta klaviatury ODIN raz zagruzhaetsya v X-server. Obychnym pol'zovatelyam rekomenduetsya ispol'zovat' imenno etu shemu. Zato vtoraya shema obladaet bol'shej obshchnost'yu. Pol'zovatel' mozhet PRINUDITELXNO ispol'zovat' shemu s xmodmap, sozdav v domashnem kataloge pustoj fajl $HOME/.UseXmodmap V etoj sheme: ********************************************************* * * * PEREKLYUCHENIE RUSSKOGO/LATINSKOGO SHRIFTA NA VVODE * * PROIZVODITSYA PRI POMOSHCHI KLAVISHI * * * * * * * * (sprava ot klavishi PROBEL) * * * * ili pri pomoshchi * * * ********************************************************* Pri perehode v russkij rezhim zagoraetsya lampochka na klavishe ********************************************************* * Na Sun X terminal-ah (vrode SPARCclassic X) * * pereklyuchenie RUS/LAT proizvoditsya klavishej * ********************************************************* Karty klaviatury opisany v fajlah $OPENWINHOME/lib/locale/ru.koi_8/Xmodmaprc $OPENWINHOME/lib/locale/ru.iso_8859_5/Xmodmaprc $OPENWINHOME/lib/locale/ru.mswcyr/Xmodmaprc Pereraskladka russkih klavish osnovana na sleduyushchej vozmozhnosti X Window: - funkciya XLookupString() podderzhivaet al'ternativnuyu tablicu kodov. - Dlya zagruzki etoj tablicy primenyaetsya komanda xmodmap, zagruzhayushchaya chetyr£hkolonochnuyu tablicu: pervye dve kolonki zadayut pervuyu gruppu klavish, vtorye dve - vtoruyu. V kazhdoj gruppe pervyj stolbec zada£t kod, vydavaemyj klavishej pri NEnazhatoj klavishe , vtoroj stolbec - pri nazhatoj. ! Key ! KEYBOARD GROUP 0 ! KEYBOARD GROUP 1 ! ! Normal Shift ! Normal Shift !------------------------------------------------------------------------ keysym a = a A 0xe4 0xc4 keysym s = s S 0xeb 0xcb ...... - Dlya pereklyucheniya grupp ispol'zuetsya modifikator mod2, skleenyj s edinstvennoj klavishej, fiksiruyushchej svo£ sostoyanie - modifikatorom lock. Modifikator lock ishodno soedin£n s klavishej Caps_Lock i fiksiruet Shift. Ego ispol'zovanie v dannoj funkcii otmenyaetsya, mod2 i lock naznachayutsya na klavishu Multi_key (ona zhe Compose). Smotri man xmodmap i razdel H.3.2.7 v tome 1 serii knig O'Reilly po X Window. !---------------------------------------------------------------------- ! Use COMPOSE and CapsLock keys as RUS/LAT switch keys. !---------------------------------------------------------------------- remove lock = Caps_Lock add mod2 = Multi_key add mod2 = Caps_Lock add lock = Multi_key !---------------------------------------------------------------------- ! Use COMPOSE and NumLock keys as RUS/LAT switch keys. !---------------------------------------------------------------------- !remove lock = Num_Lock !add mod2 = Multi_key !add mod2 = Num_Lock !add lock = Multi_key Posle etogo russkie bukvy vklyuchayutsya/vyklyuchayutsya libo klavishej Compose, libo CapsLock. Kak mozhno videt', imeetsya zakommentirovannyj vtoroj variant - pereklyuchenie RUS/LAT po NumLock. Pri etom v latinskom registre prodolzhaet rabotat' CapsLock - klavisha dlya fiksacii bol'shih bukv. CHtoby vybrat' etu versiyu, sleduet zakommentirovat' vosklicatel'nymi znakami pervyj blok i raskommentirovat' vtoroj. |to fajl /usr/openwin/lib/Xmodmaprc.X-sun Popytka ispol'zovat' dlya etoj celi predpisannuyu klavishu AltGraph (Mode_switch) k sozhaleniyu privodit k zavisaniyu okonnoj sistemy pri rabote MYSHXYU, kogda vklyuch£n russkij registr. Poka mysh' ne trogaem - vs£ otlichno. Est' podozrenie, chto eto povedenie ne X11 server a OpenLook Window Manager. K sozhaleniyu, X imeet tol'ko ODNU klavishu, pomnyashchuyu svo£ sostoyanie: edinstvennyj modifikator Lock. Poetomu ego ispol'zovanie v kachestve pereklyuchatelya RUS/LAT privodit k potere klavishi fiksacii verhnego registra (CapsLock): e£ tehnicheski nevozmozhno imet', ne modificiruya X Window System v storonu rasshireniya. Novaya karta klaviatury mozhet byt' prosmotrena komandami xmodmap xmodmap -pk

    Shema vtoraya: monitor vvoda xCyrInput

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ V etoj sheme pereklyuchenie kodovyh tablic osushchestvlyaet special'naya programma - xCyrInput. Pri kazhdom (uvy) nazhatii pereklyuchatel'noj klavishi ona perezagruzhaet kartu klaviatury v X-server. |to bolee nakladno, no zato: - vy mozhete vybrat' klavishu pereklyucheniya po svoemu vkusu (v tom chisle Shift_L+Shift_R). Pereklyuchenie RUS/LAT iznachal'no podklyucheno k knopke Mode_switch, kotoraya na Sun-ovskih mashinah sovpadaet s AltGraph (v nizhnem pravom uglu). E£ nazhatie otobrazhaetsya svetodiodom na knopke Compose. - mozhno derzhat' na ekrane neskol'ko programm, ispol'zuyushchih raznye kodovye tablicy ODNOVREMENNO. - rabotaet klavisha Pseudo CapsLock (na Sun eto Caps_Lock ), kotoraya pozvolyaet fiksirovat' verhnij registr v tom chisle i russkih bukv. Shift pri nazhatom PseudoLock da£t malen'kie bukvy. Nazhata li eta klavisha - otobrazhaetsya svetodiodom na ScrollLock i bukvoj L v okne "modifikatory". - eta programma takzhe otslezhivaet aktivnost' pol'zovatelya, i posle dolgoj pauzy (net dvizhenij myshi ili klaviatury) zapuskaet programmu zapiraniya ekrana. ***************************************************************************** * PROGRAMMA NAPISANA PO MOTIVAM I S ISPOLXZOVANIEM ISHODNYH TEKSTOV * * * * xrus-1.3.4 * * * * Aleksandra Luk'yanova * * lav@yars.free.net (Alexander V. Lukyanov) * * * * ftp://ftp.relcom.ru/x11/cyrillic/xrus-1.3.4.tar.gz * * * * RASPROSTRANYAETSYA SVOBODNO * ***************************************************************************** Avtor dannoj versii (abs@openwin.msk.su - Andrej Bogatyr£v) vyrazhaet glubochajshuyu priznatel'nost' A.Luk'yanovu za plodotvornuyu ideyu. Ishodnye teksty programmy nahodyatsya v /usr/local/src/xCyrInput Ispol'zovanie programmy: ------------------------ Osnovnaya ideya raboty etoj programmy - perehvat i otslezhivanie nazhatij VSEH klavish na klaviature. Pri etom ispol'zuetsya ta osobennost' X Window System, chto sobytiya ot okna mogut posylat'sya NESKOLXKIM programmam odnovremenno, prichem kazhdoj programme - svoi sobytiya (zakazannye eyu). Vtoraya ispol'zuemaya osobennost' - to, chto klientskaya programma mozhet zakazat' poluchenie sobytij ot LYUBOGO okna na ekrane, ne tol'ko ot svoego. Takim obrazom my mozhem otslezhivat' i nazhatie klavish nad CHUZHIMI oknami. Pereklyuchenie RUS/LAT iznachal'no podklyucheno k knopke Mode_switch, kotoraya na Sun-ovskih mashinah sovpadaet s AltGraph (v nizhnem pravom uglu). Pereklyuchenie proishodit takzhe pri nazhatii myshi nad graficheskoj knopkoj RUSSKIJ/LATIN v verhnem pravom uglu ekrana (pravaya knopka). Srednee menyu pozvolyaet "na letu" menyat' kodovuyu tablicu. Pri nazhatii Ctrl programma vremenno pereklyuchaetsya v latinskij rezhim, chtoby pravil'no otrabatyvlis' Ctrl/C i Ctrl/U. Nazhatie PRAVOJ knopki myshi nad oknom proyavlyaet menyu, v kotorom soderzhitsya strochka "Properties...". Vybor etoj strochki privodit k proyavke dialoga, v kotorom vy mozhete nastroit' ochen' mnogo raznoobraznyh vozmozhnostej, v tom chisle raskladku klavish na klaviature. Smotrim na Properties: DiskCheckPath - programma sledit za svobodnym mestom v neskol'kih katalogah i preduprezhdaet vas o ego ischerpanii. Spisok katalogov - v etom pole, cherez dvoetochie. V okoshke v pravom verhnem uglu ekrana otobrazhaetsya kolichestvo svobodnogo mesta, ostavsheesya v PERVOM v spiske kataloge. Application Codesets Pattern List - programma pozvolyaet ODNOVREMENNO derzhat' na ekrane neskol'ko programm-klientov, ispol'zuyushchih RAZNYE kodovye tablicy. Pri etom monitor avtomaticheski pereklyuchaet kodovye tablicy v zavisimosti ot imeni programmy, klassa programmy, imeni okna, argv[0]. Klass programmy mozhno uznat' komandoj xlsclients -l Spisok sootvetstviya oformlyaetsya v vide shablon_imeni1=imya_tablicy1:shablon_imeni2=imya_tablicy2:... SHablon imeni pishetsya v sile regulyarnogo vyrazheniya SHell. Primer: shablon: *866*=altdos Zapusk programmy: $ LANG=ru.altdos cxterm -T x866 -fn crcA-12 -e /bin/sh & Teper' peremeshchenie fokusa klaviatury v eto okno budet vyzyvat' pereklyuchenie klaviatury na 866 kodovuyu tablicu. Save - sohranyaet resursy v fajl $HOME/.Xdefaults Minusy podhoda, ispol'zovannogo v dannoj programme: --------------------------------------------------- Vysokaya reaktivnost' na medlennyh mashinah i pri bol'shom chisle klientskih programm, ibo 1) Kazhdoe pereklyuchenie - eto zagruzka 4h kolonochnoj tablicy po 132 knopki (posylka takogo paketa po seti) 2) Posle etogo KAZHDYJ KLIENT delaet po MappingNotify event vyzov XRefreshKeyboardMapping() i chitaet takoj zhe paket s servera. Neobhodima biblioteka /usr/dt/lib/libDtSvc.so.1 iz CDE, bez nee ne rabotaet. Shema tret'ya: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Odnovremennoe ispol'zovanie obeih shem. Mozhno odnovremenno ispol'zovat' oba metoda pereklyucheniya RUS/LAT. Dlya etogo nado: - sozdat' pustoj fajl $HOME/.UseXmodmap - pod CDE ne ubivat' xCyrInput - pod Open Look libo zapuskat' ego vruchnuyu, libo zanesti komandu zapuska v fajl $HOME/.openwin-init Zapusk programmy xCyrInput vruchnuyu: 1) pereklyuchit' klaviaturu v LATINSKIJ rezhim i ubedit'sya v etom, poprobovav nabrat' paru-druguyu bukv. 2) v okne terminal (xterm, cxterm) nabrat' komandu xCyrInput -daemon

    Russkie fonty.

-------------- Osnovnye fonty: garnitura nachertanie bitmap PostScript ========================================================== Courier Roman crc CourierC Bold Italic BoldItalic Helvetica Roman ssc PragmaticaC Bold Oblique BoldOblique Times Roman smc NewtonC Bold Italic BoldItalic Katalogi, gde oni raspolozheny: $OPENWINHOME/lib/X11/fonts/cyrill - rastrovye $OPENWINHOME/lib/X11/fonts/cyrill-Type1 - masshtabiruemye Imena etih katalogov zapisany v stolbik v fajlah $OPENWINHOME/lib/locale/C/OWfontpath $OPENWINHOME/lib/locale/$LANG/OWfontpath otkuda skripty Xinitrc i StartOW ih i berut. Imena rastrovyh fontov skonstruirovany sleduyushchim obrazom: xxxT-NN xxxTi-NN xxxTb-NN gde xxx: crc - courier (CouRier Cyrillic) smc - serif (Serif Monospaced Cyrillic) ssc - sans-serif (Sans Serif Cyrillic) gde T: W - shrifty v kodirovke CP-1251 dlya MS Windows. A - shrifty v kodirovke CP-866 dlya MS DOS. K - shrifty v kodirovke KOI-8. 5 - shrifty v kodirovke ISO 8859/5. gde poslednyaya bukva: bez - roman, pryamoj obychnyj shrift. i - italic, kursiv. b - bold, zhirnyj shrift. gde NN: razmer shrifta v tochkah: 08, 10, 12, 14, 18, 24 Primery: smcW-08 sscKb-24 XLFD imena (X logical font definition): --------------------------------------- -chu-crcT-medium-r-normal--13-80-96-96-m-70-koi-8 sscT bold o 15-100 90 iso8859-5 smcT 16-120 90 ibm-1251 19-140 120 24-180 170 36-240 220 Dlya fontov razmerov 80 i 100 est' tol'ko versiya -medium-r- Dlya fontov razmerov 120, 140, 180, 240 est' versii -bold-r- i -medium-o- (italic). !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!! V fajlah resursov rekomenduetsya ispol'zovat' korotkie imena, !!! !!! poskol'ku XLFD imena mogut izmenit'sya v sleduyushchih versiyah. !!! !!! (takoe uzhe bylo) !!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

    Sootvetstvie rastrovyh shriftov CDE fontam.

------------------------------------------ CDE size Chu --------------------------------------------- 1) xxs extra-extra small -net- 2) xs extra small -08 default 3) s small -10 4) m medium -12 5) l large -14 6) xl extra large -18 7) xxl extra-extra large -24 Prover'te shrifty. ----------------- Udostover'tes', chto imena katalogov s russkimi shriftami popali v FONT PATH, dlya chego naberite komandu xset -q i ubedites' v nalichii im£n katalogov /usr/openwin/lib/X11/fonts/cyrill i /usr/openwin/lib/X11/fonts/cyrill-Type1 Dlya razovoj interaktivnoj smeny fonta vy mozhete ispol'zovat' komandu xrdb (X resources database manager): % xrdb Font.Name: crcK-24 ^D <-- CTRL/D % cxterm & ili ukazat' neposredstvenno komande, kakoj font ej sleduet ispol'zovat': % xterm -fn crcK-24 & Spisok dostupnyh fontov i ih kratkih im£n mozhno poluchit' komandoj xlsfonts Prosmotret' kodovye tablicy - uvidet' poryadok bukv v kodirovkah - pozvolyayut komandy xfd -fn crcK-12 & xfd -fn crc5-12 & xfd -fn crcW-12 &

    Fajly resursov.

--------------- To, chto programmy dolzhny ispol'zovat' imenno russkie fonty, zadaetsya v sistemnom fajle resursov $OPENWINHOME/lib/locale/ru.koi_8/Xdefaults $OPENWINHOME/lib/locale/ru.iso_8859_5/Xdefaults $OPENWINHOME/lib/locale/ru.mswcyr/Xdefaults dlya CDE /etc/dt/config/ru.koi_8/sys.resources /etc/dt/config/ru.iso_8859_5/sys.resources /etc/dt/config/ru.mswcyr/sys.resources Fajl resursov sostoit iz strok vida: KlassProgrammy*imyaResursa: znachenieResursa *imyaResursa: znachenieResursa vo vtorom sluchae resurs primenyaetsya ko VSEM programmam. Vot chto tam napisano dlya KOI-8: ! Added by Cyrillic Package ! Define Cyrillic fonts (KOI-8) ! OpenWindows.TextFont: smcK-12 OpenWindows.TitleFont: smcKb-14 OpenWindows.ButtonFont: sscKb-12 Font.Name: sscK-12 <- glavnoe eto Icon.Font.Name: sscK-10 olwm.TextFont: smcK-12 olwm.ButtonFont: smcK-12 olwm.TitleFont: smcKb-12 Mwm*menu*background: pink Mwm*fontList: -chu-sscK-bold-r-normal-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-koi-8: nptool.Font.Name: fixed *font: crcK-12 !Tuning of OpenLook Virtual Window Manager OpenWindows.VirtualSticky: xclock clock oclock xwall OpenWindows.VirtualForegroundColor: white OpenWindows.VirtualBackgroundColor: yellow OpenWindows.UseImages: UseAll OpenWindows.InputFocusColor: pink OpenWindows.UniqueIconSlots: True OpenWindows.FreeIconSlots: True OpenWindows.ShowResizeGeometry: True OpenWindows.ShowMoveGeometry: True OpenWindows.SelectDisplaysMenu: False ! Trailer Cyrillic Package Ubedites', chto fajly .OWdefaults i .Xdefaults v vashem domashnem kataloge ne perekryvayut eti opredeleniya. Sleduet udalit' starye: ~/.Xdefaults ~/.Xresourses ~/.OWdefaults ~/.openwin-init ~/.keytable ~/.dt (eto katalog) Tekushchie ustanovki resursov mozhno posmotret' komandoj xrdb -q | more

    Startovyj fajl.

--------------- Izuchite startovyj fajl $OPENWINHOME/lib/Xinitrc soderzhashchij komandy zagruzki kart klaviatury Xmodmaprc i fajlov resursov Xdefaults Sistemnyj administrator OBYAZAN prochitat' etot fajl i ponyat', kak vs£ rabotaet. Obratite vnimanie na special'nyj fajl-flazhok $HOME/.Xmod++ locale dlya tr£h kodirovok. -------------------------- locale - eto opisanie mnozhestva bukv, kakie iz nih pechatnye, bol'shie, malen'kie,... Smotri man setlocale i man ctype Opisaniya raspolozheny v katalogah /usr/lib/locale/ru.koi_8 /usr/lib/locale/ru.iso_8859_5 /usr/lib/locale/ru.mswcyr /usr/lib/locale/ru.altdos (dlya funkcii setlocale(LC_ALL, ""); )

    X Display Manager.

------------------ Paket zapuskaet na vashej mashine X Display Manager (xdm). Oznakom'tes' s ego konfiguracionnymi fajlami, raspolozhennymi v /usr/openwin/lib/xdm/* Obratite vnimanie na Xresources - tam zadan russkij yazyk soobshchenij. StartOW - parametry zapuska X-servera. Xsession - skript, vypolnyaemyj pri vhode pol'zovatelya v sistemu. Xsetup_0 - zapusk programm, soputstvuyushchih oknu Xlogin. Smotri takzhe man xdm VNIMANIE, SISTEMNYJ ADMINISTRATOR !!! ------------------------------------- Dlya vhoda cherez xdm ispol'zuetsya nastroechnyj fajl ~/.profile Dlya vhoda s konsoli - ~/.login Poetomu dobavlenie ustanovki peremennyh okruzheniya sleduet proizvodit' PARALLELXNO v oboih etih fajlah. V kachestve obrazcov ispol'zujte fajly iz /etc/skel Esli u pol'zovatelya uzhe byli fajly .login, .cshrc, .profile, to vam prid£tsya posvyatit' nekotoroe vremya privedeniyu ih v sootvetstvie s rabotosposobnym obrazcom. Pardon za prichin£nnye neudobstva! Vhod cherez XDM. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ xdm (xlogin) -> Xsession -> $HOME/.profile -> Xinitrc -> xterm -> sh xdm (xlogin) -> Xsession -> $HOME/.profile -> Xinitrc -> xterm -> csh -> $HOME/.cshrc Vhod cherez console login (s beloj konsoli) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ login -> sh -> $HOME/.profile -> \ -> $OPENWINHOME/bin/openwin -> Xinitrc -> xterm -> sh login -> csh -> $HOME/.cshrc -> $HOME/.login -> \ -> $OPENWINHOME/bin/openwin -> Xinitrc -> xterm -> csh -> $HOME/.cshrc Vhod cherez telnet ili rlogin ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ telnet -> login -> sh -> $HOME/.profile telnet -> login -> csh -> $HOME/.cshrc -> $HOME/.login Vhod cherez dtlogin CDE ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /etc/rc2.d/S99dtlogin -> dtlogin -> ... -> /usr/dt/bin/Xsession -> ... ->\ -> /etc/dt/config/Xsession.d/0055.cyrillic -> $HOME/.profile ->\ -> xterm -> sh -> csh -> $HOME/.cshrc Pri vhode pod CommonDesktopEnvironment sleduet imet' v vidu dve veshchi: 1) Peremennuyu LANG ustanavlivaet programma dtlogin, poetomu e£ ne sleduet ustanavlivat' v .profile 2) Skript /usr/dt/bin/Xsession na vremya svoej raboty ustanavlivaet peremennuyu DT=true i unichtozhaet e£ posle zaversheniya inicializacii okonnoj sistemy (to est' xterm zapuskaetsya uzhe bez ne£). Poetomu fragment v .profile vyglyadit tak: if [ ! "$DT" ] ; then ... stty -istrip cs8 erase "^H" kill "^U" swtch "^-" ... LANG=... ... fi Kartinki ~~~~~~~~ Kartinki dlya vhodnoj zastavki raspolozheny v /etc/dt/backdrops/*.pm i imeyut format XPM. Kakuyu imenno kartinku sleduet pokazat' na ekrane ukazano v fajle /etc/dt/config/Xresources eto stroki vida Dtlogin*logo*bitmapFile: /etc/dt/backdrops/cat.pm Gde iskat' soobshcheniya ob oshibkah ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Esli pol'zovatel' ne mozhet vojti v sistemu cherez xdm, vy dolzhny prochitat' fajl .xsession-errors v domashnem kataloge etogo pol'zovatelya. Tuda popadayut soobshcheniya ob oshibkah. Soobshcheniya XDM ob oshibkah, sluchivshihsya DO nachala pol'zovatel'skogo seansa, popadayut v /var/tmp/xdm-errors. Pri zapuske iz-pod CDE ishchite soobshcheniya ob oshibkah v /var/dt/Xerrors $HOME/.dt/startlog $HOME/.dt/errorlog $HOME/.dt/sessionlogs/* CHtoby soobshcheniya zapisyvalis' v poslednee upomyanutoe mesto, sleduet zakommentirovat' sleduyushchuyu stroku v fajle $HOME/.dtprofile (nizhe ona napisana, kak ona DOLZHNA vyglyadet'): # export dtstart_sessionlogfile="/dev/null"

    Esli u Vas PROBLEMY

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ "Vy zabudete o svoih problemah! Kogda uznaete o nashih." Esli vy ne mozhete vojti v sistemu cherez xlogin: - XDM vyda£t okno login: - vy vvodite imya, parol', zhm£te , okno ischezaet... - nichego ne proishodit, i okno xlogin poyavlyaetsya snova. Skoree vsego problema v tom, chto u vas nepravil'nyj ~/.profile (smotri v ~/.xsession-errors). No chtoby sumet' otredaktirovat' ego, vam nado hot' kak-to vojti v sistemu. |to delaetsya tak: - XDM vyda£t okno login: - vy vvodite imya, parol', zhm£te vmesto . ... i vhodite v sistemu s odnim edinstvennym oknom xterm. 8 bit protiv 24 bit ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ xdm na SPARCstation 5 s 24-bitovym frame buffer-om S24 zapuskaet po umolchaniyu X server v rezhime defaultdepth=8 bit, a ne 24 (defaultdepth = chislo bit na piksel). CHtoby vernut'sya k 24 bitam po umolchaniyu, sleduet vykinut' (zakommentirovat') iz $OPENWINHOME/lib/xdm/StartOW sleduyushchij fragment: # Start X server on S24 frame buffer (for SS5) in 8 bit mode, not 24. if [ -c /dev/fbs/tcx0 ] ; then pass="$pass -dev /dev/fbs/tcx0 defdepth 8" fi A chtoby na mashinah s graficheskim uskoritelem SX zapuskat' X-server po umolchaniyu v 24-bitovom rezhime, sleduet raskommentirovat' sleduyushchij fragment: (KROME PERVOJ STROKI-KOMMENTARIYA) # Start X server on SX frame buffer (for SS20) in 24 bit mode. # if [ -c /dev/fbs/cgfourteen0 ] ; then # pass="$pass -dev /dev/fbs/cgfourteen0 defdepth 24" # fi CHtoby uznat' tekushchee sostoyanie depth i mnogo drugoj informacii pro X-server, ispol'zujte programmy: a) xdpyinfo b) ps -ef | fgrep X (smotri na argumenty zapuska X-servera). Smotri man X11 openwin xdm Xserver Xsun Avtorizaciya dostupa k ekranu ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /usr/openwin/bin/openwin ispol'zuet /usr/openwin/bin/X $DISPLAY -auth $HOME/.xsun.`uname -n`$DISPLAY xdm ispol'zuet /usr/openwin/bin/X $DISPLAY -auth /var/tmp/A$DISPLAY-nechto Prosto poleznye programmy ------------------------- xprop - vyda£t svojstva i Klass ukazannogo mysh'yu okna xlsclients -l - vyda£t spisok X-klientov xdpyinfo - vyda£t parametry vashego ekrana i X servera xev - vyda£t keysym i keycode nazhimaemyh klavish. Nezamenima pri sostavlenii kart klaviatury.

    Kak podmenit' sistemnye fonty

----------------------------- Inogda vsta£t zadacha zamenit' nekotoryj sistemnyj font podhodyashchim fontom, soderzhashchim russkie bukvy, pri etom ne stiraya original'nyj font. Takaya zadacha mozhet vozniknut', esli imya nekotorogo nerusskogo fonta namertvo proshito v kodah programmy i ne zada£tsya cherez resursy tipa Prog*fontList: XLFD-fontname Nam zhe nado zamenit' ego na russkoyazychnyj font. |to delaetsya pri pomoshchi takogo tryuka: Kak izvestno, X-server ishchet fonty v katalogah v poryadke, ukazannom v peremennoj FONTPATH (smotri xset -q). V samoe nachalo etogo puti pri pomoshchi komandy ~~~~~~ xset +fp cyrill-aliases my dobavlyaem katalog, soderzhashchij nashi sobstvennye fonty. Na samom dele v etom kataloge net nastoyashchih fontov, no imeetsya ob®yavlenie fontov: V fajle fonts.dir ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 0 chto oznachaet, chto katalog soderzhit 0 nastoyashchih fontov. Zato v fajle fonts.alias ... ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Helvetica "-paragraph-PragmaticaCK-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-koi-8" -b&h-lucida-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1 \ "-paragraph-JournalSansCK-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-koi-8" my ob®yavlyaem sinonimy im£n, kotorye perekryvayut sistemnye imena sistemnyh fontov imenami nashih sobstvennyh fontov, lezhashchih v drugih katalogah. Uvy, my ne mozhem sdelat' sinom=nimy zavisimymi ot peremennoj $LANG inache kak kazhdyj raz podsovyvaya DRUGOJ KATALOG s sinonimami. Primer fajla fonts.alias dlya tr£h osnovnyh nachertanij v KOI-8: -adobe-courier-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-m-0-iso8859-1 "-paragraph-CourierCK-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-m-0-koi-8" -adobe-courier-medium-o-normal--0-0-0-0-m-0-iso8859-1 "-paragraph-CourierCK-medium-i-normal--0-0-0-0-m-0-koi-8" -adobe-courier-bold-r-normal--0-0-0-0-m-0-iso8859-1 "-paragraph-CourierCK-bold-r-normal--0-0-0-0-m-0-koi-8" -adobe-courier-bold-o-normal--0-0-0-0-m-0-iso8859-1 "-paragraph-CourierCK-bold-i-normal--0-0-0-0-m-0-koi-8" -adobe-times-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1 "-paragraph-NewtonCK-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-koi-8" -adobe-times-medium-i-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1 "-paragraph-NewtonCK-medium-i-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-koi-8" -adobe-times-bold-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1 "-paragraph-NewtonCK-bold-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-koi-8" -adobe-times-bold-i-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1 "-paragraph-NewtonCK-bold-i-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-koi-8" -adobe-helvetica-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1 "-paragraph-PragmaticaCK-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-koi-8" -adobe-helvetica-medium-o-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1 "-paragraph-PragmaticaCK-medium-i-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-koi-8" -adobe-helvetica-bold-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1 "-paragraph-PragmaticaCK-bold-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-koi-8" -adobe-helvetica-bold-o-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1 "-paragraph-PragmaticaCK-bold-i-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-koi-8" Takoj fajl postavlyaetsya vmeste s nashim paketom, no ego podstanovka VYKLYUCHENA (smotri fajl /usr/openwin/lib/locale/C/OWfontpath dlya vklyucheniya). Katalog $OPENWINHOME/lib/X11/fonts/cyrill-aliases++ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Kak raz odin iz dvuh alias-katalogov, zapisannyh v /usr/openwin/lib/locale/C/OWfontpath |tot katalog prednaznachen dlya kirillizacii Sun-ovskogo produkta ShowMe. |tot produkt ShowMe zaprashivaet 4 shrifta po XLFD shablonam: -*-helvetica-bold-r-*--12-* -*-helvetica-bold-r-*--14-* -*-helvetica-medium-r-*--18-* -*-helvetica-medium-r-*--24-* Im udovletvoryayut shrifty -adobe-helvetica-bold-r-normal--12-120-75-75-p-70-iso8859-1 -adobe-helvetica-bold-r-normal--14-140-75-75-p-82-iso8859-1 -adobe-helvetica-medium-r-normal--18-180-75-75-p-98-iso8859-1 -adobe-helvetica-medium-r-normal--24-240-75-75-p-130-iso8859-1 CHtoby bralis' russkie shrifty, sleduet v spiske fontov PERED -adobe- shriftami pomestit' nekie kirillicheskie fonty, udovletvoryayushchie tem zhe XLFD shablonam. Poimenuem eti shrifty tak: -ada-helvetica-bold-r-normal--12-120-75-75-p-70-iso8859-1 -ada-helvetica-bold-r-normal--14-140-75-75-p-82-iso8859-1 -ada-helvetica-medium-r-normal--18-180-75-75-p-98-iso8859-1 -ada-helvetica-medium-r-normal--24-240-75-75-p-130-iso8859-1 Programmy, yavno ukazyvayushchie -adobe-* , ne budut zatronuty etim mehanizmom sinonimov. K sozhaleniyu, mnogie drugie produkty ispol'zuyut shablony im£n fontov s podobnoj specifikaciej, naprimer Open Vision HA ispol'zuet *hel*-b*-r-*-14-* *hel*-b*-r-*-18-* kotorye v itoge otobrazhayutsya v SLISHKOM BOLXSHIE russkie shrifty. V etom sluchaet slduet libo: 1) zakommentirovat' pervuyu stroku v OWfontpath !$OPENWINHOME/lib/X11/fonts/cyrill-aliases++ V DANNOJ VERSII PAKETA |TA STROKA KAK RAZ ZAKOMMENTIROVANA (VYKLYUCHENA). 2) Pered zapuskom programmy nabrat' vruchnuyu (ili iz komandnogo fajla) % xset -fp $OPENWINHOME/lib/X11/fonts/cyrill-aliases++ (chto udalyaet etot katalog iz puti poiska fontov)

    Nabor PostScript Adobe Type I fontov.

===================================== Dannye fonty licenzirovany u kompanii Paragraph. Ih ispol'zovanie: -fn - naprimer xfd -fn XeniaExtendedC-Bold-40 xterm -fn AcademyC-14 xfd - programma prosmotra fontov, poleznaya dlya togo, chtoby uznat' kak oni vyglyadyat. Fonty, pomechennye nizhe znachkom '+', ne mogut byt' ispol'zovany okonnoj sistemoj i PostScript printerami, nachinaya s HP LaserJet 4 (fonty ustareli). Odnako NeWSprint v sostoyanii pechatat' fajly, sdelannye s ih ispol'zovaniem. Tem ne menee rekomenduetsya ih ne ispol'zovat'. Fonty v al'ternativnoj kodirovke dlya PC: Courier866-normal Courier866-Bold Courier866-BoldItalic Courier866-Italic Fonty v tr£h populyarnyh kodirovkah: MS Windows 1251 ISO 8859/5 KOI-8 AcademyC-Bold AcademyC5-Bold AcademyCK-Bold + AcademyC-Italic AcademyC5-Italic AcademyCK-Italic AcademyC AcademyC5 AcademyCK AdverGothicC AdverGothicC5 AdverGothicCK AstronC AstronC5 AstronCK + BalticaC-Bold BalticaC5-Bold BalticaCK-Bold + BalticaC-Italic BalticaC5-Italic BalticaCK-Italic + BalticaC BalticaC5 BalticaCK BetinaScriptC-Bold BetinaScriptC5-Bold BetinaScriptCK-Bold BetinaScriptC BetinaScriptC5 BetinaScriptCK + BodoniC-Bold BodoniC5-Bold BodoniCK-Bold + BodoniC-BoldItalic BodoniC5-BoldItalic BodoniCK-BoldItalic + BodoniC-Italic BodoniC5-Italic BodoniCK-Italic + BodoniC BodoniC5 BodoniCK + BodoniCondC BodoniCondC5 BodoniCondCK CompactC-Bold CompactC5-Bold CompactCK-Bold CompactC-BoldItalic CompactC5-BoldItalic CompactCK-BoldItalic CompactC-Italic CompactC5-Italic CompactCK-Italic CompactC CompactC5 CompactCK CorridaC CorridaC5 CorridaCK CourierC-Bold CourierC5-Bold CourierCK-Bold CourierC-BoldItalic CourierC5-BoldItalic CourierCK-BoldItalic CourierC-Italic CourierC5-Italic CourierCK-Italic CourierC CourierC5 CourierCK DecorC DecorC5 DecorCK DidonaC DidonaC5 DidonaCK FreeSetC-Bold FreeSetC5-Bold FreeSetCK-Bold FreeSetC FreeSetC5 FreeSetCK FuturaEugeniaC FuturaEugeniaC5 FuturaEugeniaCK FuturisC FuturisC5 FuturisCK FuturisXC-Bold FuturisXC5-Bold FuturisXCK-Bold FuturisXC FuturisXC5 FuturisXCK FuturisXCondC-Bold FuturisXCondC5-Bold FuturisXCondCK-Bold FuturisXCondC FuturisXCondC5 FuturisXCondCK InformC-Bold InformC5-Bold InformCK-Bold InformC InformC5 InformCK IzhitsaC IzhitsaC5 IzhitsaCK JournalC-Bold JournalC5-Bold JournalCK-Bold JournalC-Italic JournalC5-Italic JournalCK-Italic JournalC JournalC5 JournalCK JournalSansC-Bold JournalSansC5-Bold JournalSansCK-Bold JournalSansC-Italic JournalSansC5-Italic JournalSansCK-Italic JournalSansC JournalSansC5 JournalSansCK LazurskiC-Bold LazurskiC5-Bold LazurskiCK-Bold LazurskiC-BoldItalic LazurskiC5-BoldItalic LazurskiCK-BoldItalic LazurskiC-Italic LazurskiC5-Italic LazurskiCK-Italic LazurskiC LazurskiC5 LazurskiCK MonoCondensedC-Bold MonoCondensedC5-Bold MonoCondensedCK-Bold MonoCondensedC-BoldItalic MonoCondensedC5-BoldItalic MonoCondensedCK-BoldItal MonoCondensedC-Italic MonoCondensedC5-Italic MonoCondensedCK-Italic MonoCondensedC MonoCondensedC5 MonoCondensedCK MyslC-Bold MyslC5-Bold MyslCK-Bold MyslC-BoldItalic MyslC5-BoldItalic MyslCK-BoldItalic MyslC-Italic MyslC5-Italic MyslCK-Italic MyslC MyslC5 MyslCK NewtonC-Bold NewtonC5-Bold NewtonCK-Bold NewtonC-BoldItalic NewtonC5-BoldItalic NewtonCK-BoldItalic NewtonC-Italic NewtonC5-Italic NewtonCK-Italic NewtonC NewtonC5 NewtonCK NewtonXC NewtonXC5 NewtonXCK ParsekC ParsekC5 ParsekCK PetersburgC-Bold PetersburgC5-Bold PetersburgCK-Bold PetersburgC-BoldItalic PetersburgC5-BoldItalic PetersburgCK-BoldItalic PetersburgC-Italic PetersburgC5-Italic PetersburgCK-Italic PetersburgC PetersburgC5 PetersburgCK PragmaticaC-Bold PragmaticaC5-Bold PragmaticaCK-Bold PragmaticaC-BoldItalic PragmaticaC5-BoldItalic PragmaticaCK-BoldItalic PragmaticaC-Italic PragmaticaC5-Italic PragmaticaCK-Italic PragmaticaC PragmaticaC5 PragmaticaCK PragmaticaCondC-Bold PragmaticaCondC5-Bold PragmaticaCondCK-Bold PragmaticaCondC PragmaticaCondC5 PragmaticaCondCK QuantAntiquaC-Bold QuantAntiquaC5-Bold QuantAntiquaCK-Bold QuantAntiquaC-Italic QuantAntiquaC5-Italic QuantAntiquaCK-Italic QuantAntiquaC QuantAntiquaC5 QuantAntiquaCK SchoolBookC-Bold SchoolBookC5-Bold SchoolBookCK-Bold SchoolBookC-BoldItalic SchoolBookC5-BoldItalic SchoolBookCK-BoldItalic SchoolBookC-Italic SchoolBookC5-Italic SchoolBookCK-Italic SchoolBookC SchoolBookC5 SchoolBookCK StandardPosterC StandardPosterC5 StandardPosterCK TextBookC-Bold TextBookC5-Bold TextBookCK-Bold TextBookC-Italic TextBookC5-Italic TextBookCK-Italic TextBookC TextBookC5 TextBookCK XeniaC XeniaC5 XeniaCK XeniaCondensedC XeniaCondensedC5 XeniaCondensedCK XeniaExtendedC-Bold XeniaExtendedC5-Bold XeniaExtendedCK-Bold XeniaExtendedC XeniaExtendedC5 XeniaExtendedCK XeniaWesternC-Italic XeniaWesternC5-Italic XeniaWesternCK-Italic ZhikharevC ZhikharevC5 ZhikharevCK

    Kak dobavit' svoyu podlozhku ekrana v CDE

======================================= Pust' u vas est' myfile.gif ili myfile.jpg Smotrite etot fajl pri pomoshchi programmy /usr/local/bin/xv myfile.gif Nazhmite v okne PRAVOJ knopkoj myshi. V menyu vybiraete punkt "Save". V menyu formatov vybiraete XPM/FullColor/OK. Zatem Quit. V itoge vy poluchaete fajl myfile.xpm Dalee pereimenujte ego: mv myfile.xpm myfile.pm Zatem posmotrite KONEC etogo fajla redaktorom vi vi myfile.pm Fajl dolzhen konchat'sya tak: ......" }; Esli nizhe est' musor - udalite ego. Teper' proverka: sxpm myfile.pm dolzhno pokazat' etot obraz. Teper' pomestim etot obraz v standartnoe mesto: mv myfile.pm /etc/dt/backdrops/myfile.pm Teper' vy mozhete vybrat' ego v menedzhere oformleniya vida rabochego stola. Mozhno zadat' fon vruchnuyu: v fajle $HOME/.dt/sessions/home/dt.resources Sleduet napisat' stroki Dtwm*0*ws4*backdrop*image: myfile gde 4 - nomer workspace ot NULYA nachinaya. Esli vy hotite ispol'zovat' etu kartinku kak zastavku pri vhode v sistemu (dlya dtlogin), to vam sleduet zadat' v fajle /etc/dt/config/Xresources stroku: Dtlogin*logo*bitmapFile: /etc/dt/backdrops/myfile.pm

    Dopolnitel'nye programmy.

========================= Vsyakaya vsyachina pomeshchena v katalog /usr/local, real'no razmeshch£nnyj v /opt/local. Obychno v /usr/local razmeshchayutsya chasto ispol'zuemye, no ne standartnye programmy, vrode programm iz GNU. /usr/local (to est' /opt/local) mozhet trebovat' do soten Megabajt diskovogo prostranstva. K primeru, dovol'no nebol'shoj local na mashine avtora paketa zanimaet 18 MB. |ti programmy dolzhny sohranyat'sya pri pereinstallyacii sistemy, poetomu /usr/local dolzhen byt' libo otdel'noj fajlovoj sistemoj (ili razdelom diska), libo razmeshchat'sya na sohranyaemoj oblasti (kakovoj obychno yavlyaetsya /opt). 1) S paketom postavlyaetsya virtual'nyj okonnyj menedzher /usr/local/bin/olvwm, podrobnuyu instrukciyu po kotoromu vy mozhete najti po komande man olvwm man olvwmrc olvwm pozvolyaet imet' mnogo graficheskih terminalov na odnom (virtual'nye ekrany), a takzhe pozvolyaet rabotat' s oknami razmerom bol'she ekrana terminala. ------------------------------------------------------------- | Pereklyuchenie ekranov po Meta (klavisha s rombom) + Fn. | ------------------------------------------------------------- Vy mozhete zadat' zapusk opredel£nnyh programm srazu na zadannom virtual'nom ekrane pri pomoshchi fajla $HOME/.olvwmrc, naprimer: Screen 4 { AnswerBook } Screen 5 { Audio } 2) programmy perekodirovki iz odnoj kodirovki v druguyu, razmeshch£nnye v /usr/local/bin koi2iso < KOI_file > ISO_file koi2iso -from < ISO_file > KOI_file koi2win [-plain] < KOI_file > MS_Windows_file koi2win [-plain] -from < MS_Windows_file > KOI_file koi2dos - programma perekodirovki KOI-8 v al'ternativnuyu kodirovku dlya IBM PC (MS DOS). koi2dos -from - iz al'ternativnoj kodirovki v KOI-8 chcode [-replace] files.... chcode [-r] files.... programma perekodirovki iz lyuboj kodirovki v lyubuyu. Klyuch -replace (ili -r) zada£t, chto fajl v novoj kodirovke zamestit ishodnyj fajl na prezhnem meste. Bez etogo klyucha perekodirovannyj fajl vyda£tsya v standartnyj vyvod. V kachestve i mogut byt' ispol'zovany: koi_8 mswcyr iso_8859_5 altdos 3) Programma dlya smeny kodirovki na klaviature na letu: xloadmap - zagruzhaet kodirovku, kotoruyu ona vybiraet po soderzhimomu peremennoj okruzheniya $LANG. Esli peremennaya ne opredelena - zagruzhaetsya koi_8. xloadmap - zagruzhaet kodirovku po imeni. V kachestve imeni dopustimy koi_8 iso_8859_5 mswcyr altdos 4) Razlichnye programmy: whichlang - pytaetsya opredelit' tip russkoj kodirovki, ispol'zovannoj v dannom fajle. Ispol'zovanie standartnogo vvoda: whichlang -- xspy - demon, indiciruyushchij v verhnem pravom uglu ekrana sostoyanie klavish i modifikatorov, a takzhe koordinaty kursora myshi. |tot demon zazhigaet lampochku Compose vmesto lampochki CapsLock. xfonts - demonstrator russkih fontov. cxterm - cvetnoj X-terminal (smotri man cxterm). On osnovan na MITovskom xterm i yavlyaetsya chast'yu distributiva X Window System. On (v otlichie ot vseh Sun-ovskih programm) ne ispol'zuet ni OpenLook (XView) ni Motif. Vy mozhete pereklyuchat' razmer shriftov v okne pri pomoshchi menyu, vyzyvaemogo po CTRL + PravayaKnopkaMyshi. |to edinstvennaya konsol', podderzhivayushchaya psevdografiku. Zapustite komandu /usr/local/bin/pseudographics dlya polucheniya spiska kodov psevdograficheskih simvolov. VNIMANIE! Edinstvennyj Adobe Type1 font, podderzhivayushchij psevdografiku - eto semejstvo Courier866. Poetomu pechat' fajlov, soderzhashchih psevdografiku, sleduet osushchestvlyat' cherez fil'tr ensc (smotri nizhe), kotoryj perekodiruet tekst v MS DOS al'ternativnuyu kodirovku i ispol'zuet shrifty Courier866-normal Courier866-Bold Courier866-Italic Courier866-BoldItalic Poprobujte komandu pseudographics | ensc | dolp cxterm vypolnyaet interpretator komand $SHELL, esli ne ukazano inache. Esli SHELL=/bin/csh (ili vcsh), to csh vypolnyaet komandnyj fajl ~/.cshrc Esli vyzyvat' cxterm -ls to v okne zapuskaetsya "login shell", vypolnyayushchij posledovatel'no: ~/.cshrc ~/.login dlya csh ili $HOME/.profile dlya sh, ksh Selekciya teksta v okne cxterm vypolnyaetsya tak: nazhat' LevuyuKnopkuMyshi - derzha knopku vesti mysh' - otpustit' knopku ili klik LevojKnopkoj - pomestit' mysh' v konec - klik PravojKnopkoj Rasshirenie selekcii - klik PravojKnopkoj. Snyatie selekcii - klik LevojKnopkoj vne okna. xterm.altdos - terminal s CP866 kodirovkoj (special'no dlya teh neschastnyh, kotorye eshch£ ne izbavilis' ot tyazh£logo naslediya MS DOS). gzip i gunzip - GNU arhivator: sozda£t *.z fajly. gzip zameshchaet ishodnyj fajl zakompressirovannym. gunzip zameshchaet ishodnyj fajl *.z raskompressirovannym. zcat - programma vydachi *.z fajlov v standartnyj vyvod, naprimer zcat archive.tar.z | tar xvf - vcsh - csh s redaktirovaniem stroki (smotri man vcsh). wm - window manager dlya alfavitno-cifrovyh terminalov (sm man wm). less - programma prosmotra fajlov (analog more), umeyushchaya prokruchivat' fajl kak vper£d, tak i nazad. sxpm - programma prosmotra XPM kartinok. xv - versii 3. Rasprostranyaetsya kak freeware, avtor bradley@cis.upenn.edu programma prosmotra rastrov v razlichnyh formatah. xloadimage - analogichnaya, no bolee prostaya programma. Pozovite xloadimage -help. Zagruzka krasivogo fona okna: dobav'te v vash ~/.xinitrc ili ~/.openwin-init stroku toolwait xloadimage -onroot /usr/openwin/share/images/raster/bg.rs cproto - programma generacii prototipov funkcij dlya yazyka Si stilya Kerningana i Richchi (sm. man cproto) mailx - russkoyazychnyj komandnyj interfejs k elektronnoj pochte RelCom. Ego nastroechnye fajly - v /usr/local/lib/mail Smotri man mailx. Sistemnyj administrator OBYAZAN nastroit' fajl /usr/local/lib/mail/maildomain i /usr/local/lib/mail/Mail.rc zapisav v nego imya vashego pochtovogo domena. Stroka From: vashego pis'ma sostavlyaetsya po shablonu headline From '$r <$u@$h>' (smotri fajl Mail.rc), gde $u - imya pol'zovatelya, a $h - imya pochtovogo domena. Esli ono ne zadano v fajle - ispol'zuetsya kratkoe imya vashej mashiny (hostname). Esli vash pochtovyj adres user@host.msk.su to zapishite v /usr/local/lib/mail/maildomain stroku host.msk.su Mozhno bylo by sdelat' etot process konstruirovaniya imeni bolee intellektual'nym, no tak - po moemu opytu - proshche. quatro - programma dlya pereformatirovaniya PostScript fajlov. K primeru, pechat' po dve stranicy na stranice bumagi: zcat file.ps.gz | quatro -2z | dolp Smotri spisok klyuchej po quatro -h killproc Programma dlya ubivaniya processa po imeni: killproc xclock strlook Programma dlya pokaza steka STREAMS modulej. pcal - programma dlya pechati kalendarej na yazyke PostScript pcal -w pechataet kalendar' na ves' god Smotri man pcal Vyzov: pcal | dolp pcal -w | dolp mosaic - Internet-ovskij gipertekst. smtpgate - perekodirovshchik pochty dlya PCshek. Smotri README v /usr/local/src/smtpgate/* pop2d - POP-2 demon s perekodirovkoj bukv. Smotri tam zhe. webcp - programma rekursivnogo kopirovaniya WEB serverov. Smotri /usr/local/src/webcp/* V kachestve poleznoj dlya uma pishchi rekomenduetsya chtenie dokumentov man vcsh man cbook man mime 5) Programmy konvertirovaniya Adobe Type I fontov v binarnyj ili tekstovyj vid. Smotri man t1ascii (1), t1asm (1), t1binary (1), t1disasm (1), unpost (1).

    Vremennaya smena yazyka.

====================== Kak vam uzhe stalo yasno, yazyk opredelyaetsya naborom tr£h komponent: - peremennoj okruzheniya LANG dlya locale. - fontom. - raskladkoj klaviatury. Pokazhem, kak mozhno zapustit' cxterm, ispol'zuyushchij druguyu kodirovku, k primeru mswcyr. Komandnyj fajl dlya etogo dolzhen vyglyadet' tak: #!/bin/sh xloadmap mswcyr LANG=ru.mswcyr cxterm -fn crcW-12 xloadmap # Vosstanovit' predydushchuyu raskladku klaviatury po $LANG exit 0

    Nastrojka vremennoj zony.

========================= Esli vy ne v prestol'nom grade Moskve ili zhivete ne po moskovskomu vremeni, vam sleduet nastroit' fajly otnosyashchiesya k TIMEZONE. 1) V kataloge /usr/share/lib/zoneinfo nahoditsya fajl /usr/share/lib/zoneinfo/Moscow.src Prochitajte man zic i man timezone i po dannomu obrazcu sostav'te svoj fajl s opisaniem vremennoj zony dlya vashego goroda, pust' eto fajl XXX dlya zony Russia/Town. Vypolnite komandu zic XXX Ona sozdast fajl /usr/share/lib/zoneinfo/Russia/Town 2) Nastrojte fajly /etc/timezone -- Russia/Town imya_NIS_domena_vashej_mashiny /etc/default/init -- TZ=Russia/Town Obratite vnimanie na fajl /etc/default/init - v nem soderzhatsya peremennye okruzheniya, vystavlyaemye dlya VSEH pol'zovatelej pri ih vhode v sistemu.

    Povedenie knopki v verhnem levom uglu okon.

=========================================== V Solaris 1.1 nazhatie knopki SELECT (levoj) myshi nad treugol'noj knopkoj v verhnem levom uglu okna privodilo k ikonifikacii okna. V Solaris 2.x po umolchaniyu proyavlyaetsya okonnoe menyu. |to povedenie zada£tsya parametrom OpenWindows.SelectDisplaysMenu: False ili True V fajle Xdefaults ili ~/.OWdefaults True - sootvetstvuet proyavke menyu. False - vypolneniyu pervoj komandy menyu, v dannom sluchae - ikonifikacii okna (Close). Dannyj paket ustanavlivaet eto znachenie v False. OpenWindows.SelectDisplaysMenu: False Resize Cursors ============== Po umolchaniyu olwm i olvwm dlya izmeneniya razmerov okna ispol'zuyut kursor v vide kruzhochka. Vy mozhete ispol'zovat' dlya kazhdogo ugla okna svoj sobstvennyj kursor-ugolok, esli zadadite v fajle ~/.OWdefaults ili ~/.Xdefaults takoj resurs: OpenWindows*CursorSpecialResize: True

    Opisanie terminala

================== Cvetnoj X-terminal cxterm podderzhivaet psevdografiku i cveta. Programmy vcsh, le, wm pol'zuyutsya etimi vozmozhnostyami. V fajl /etc/termcap (kotoryj est' symlink na /usr/share/lib/termcap) zanositsya opisanie terminala xterm-Sg dlya cxterm. Dlya ispol'zovaniya vcsh vam sleduet opisat' sleduyushchie parametry: f1 f2 ... f9 f0 f. f- opisateli dlya funkcional'nyh klavish F1 F2 F9 F10 F11 F12 kh - klavisha HOME kH - klavisha END kN - klavisha PgDn (Next) kP - klavisha PgUp (Previous) kI - klavisha Insert kD - klavisha Del kb - klavisha BackSpace kB - klavisha BACKTAB (Shift + TAB) kl - klavisha strelka vlevo kr - klavisha strelka vpravo ku - klavisha strelka vverh kd - klavisha strelka vniz gs - komanda vklyucheniya rezhima psevdografiki ge - komanda vyklyucheniya rezhima psevdografiki g1 - opisateli tonkih psevdograficheskih ramok g2 - opisateli tolstyh psevdograficheskih ramok g1=HV123456789 H - gorizontal'naya liniya V - vertikal'naya liniya 7--8--9 | | | 4--5--6 | | | 1--2--3

    STREAMS-modul' transliteracii (perekodirovki).

============================================== Razlichnye mashiny, podklyuch£nnye k stancii cherez posledovatel'nye porty ili set' mogut imet' razlichnye kodirovki. Harakternym primerom yavlyaetsya telnet v PC NFS, gde PC imeet kodirovku "Al'ternativnaya DOS", a stanciya k primeru - KOI-8. Pri kommunikacii s takimi abonentami dolzhno proishodit' preobrazovanie kodirovki. Dlya etogo v sostave paketa imeetsya STREAMS-modul' "trcode". PROGRAMMA POLXZOVATELYA write() read() sistemnye ioctl() vyzovy | A | | |WRITE |READ | | [==========================] ttcompat [==========================] ldterm [==========================] trcode | | V | ekran klaviatura drajver ustrojstva ######### ============ Kazhdyj iz potokov: READ i WRITE mozhet nahodit'sya v dvuh sostoyaniyah: NORMAL i ALTER. Kazhdoe iz sostoyanij imeet svoyu perekodirovochnuyu tablicu, perekodiruyushchee idushchij po potoku simvol v nekij drugoj. |ti tablicy mogut zagruzhat'sya iz programmy pri pomoshchi vyzova ioctl(), libo iz nekotorogo nabora standartnyh tablic. Sobstvenno "sostoyanie" i opredelyaet to, cherez kotoruyu iz tablic proishodit perekodirovka. Imeyutsya takzhe pereklyuchatel'nye simvoly: popadanie takogo simvola v potok vyzyvaet pereklyuchenie sostoyaniya, sam simvol pri etom vych£rkivaetsya iz potoka. Pereklyuchatel'nye simvoly mogut sovpadat', togda povtornyj vvod pereklyuchatel'nogo simvola menyaet sostoyanie na protivopolozhnoe. Obychno simvoly-pereklyuchateli aktivirovany tol'ko na storone READ (to, chto postupaet v mashinu s klaviatury). Po umolchaniyu zhe oni vyklyucheny vovse ('\0). Simvol CTRL/N pereklyuchaet sostoyanie NORMAL --> ALTER Simvol CTRL/O pereklyuchaet sostoyanie ALTER --> NORMAL Krome togo, modul' "trcode" ved£t podsch£t simvolov, proshedshih cherez nego v obeih napravleniyah. |ti sch£tchiki mogut byt' zaprosheny programmoj i mogut byt' ispol'zovany dlya podsch£ta traffika. Interfejs iz yazyka "Si". ------------------------ poka ne opisan v dannom dokumente. Komandnyj interfejs. -------------------- V pakete imeyutsya takzhe dve programmy, pozvolyayushchie ispol'zovat' sistemnye vyzovy k modulyu "trcode" iz komandnoj stroki. 1) Programma strlook - vyda£t spisok modulej, nahodyashchihsya v STREAMe. strlook - vyda£t informaciyu pro vash upravlyayushchij terminal. strlook ... - vyda£t informaciyu pro perechislennye ustrojstva. strlook -i - pro stdin strlook -o - pro stdout |ta komanda pokazyvaet tekushchie flagi i sostoyanie modulya "trcode", esli takovoj imeetsya v stream-e. 2) Programma trload - upravlenie modulem "trcode". trload -i vypolnyaet komandy po kanalu stdin trload -o stdout (umolchanie) trload -e stderr trload -t /dev/tty |ti klyuchi dolzhny byt' PERVYMI v komandnoj stroke. trload [-v] -query trload [-v] -q Bez klyucha -v vyda£t kod otveta 0, esli modul' trcode est' na steke modulej; 1, esli ego net. S klyuchom -v eshch£ i raspechatyvaet stek STREAMS modulej. trload [-v] trload -load Zagruzhaet modul' trcode v STREAM. Poluchaetsya sleduyushchaya konfiguraciya: ttcompat - modul' sovmestimosti s BSD ldterm - line discipline, smotri man termio i termios trcode - modul' perekodirovki Klyuch -v zastavlyaet napechatat' staruyu i novuyu konfiguracii. trunload [-v] trload -u trload -unload Vygruzhaet modul' trcode iz STREAMa. Poluchaetsya sleduyushchaya konfiguraciya: ttcompat ldterm trload -push Zagruzhaet modul' trcode na vershinu STREAMa. trload -pop Vygruzhaet pervyj sverhu modul' trcode iz STREAMa. Moduli, lezhavshie vyshe nego, kladutsya obratno na STREAM. trload -tname Zagruzhaet v modul' trcode odnu iz predopredel£nnyh tablic perekodirovki. Format sleduyushchij (skobki <> ne vhodyat v imya, dvoetochie - vhodit): RN:: RA:: WN:: WA:: R oznachaet zagruzku v kanal READ W WRITE N oznachaet zagruzku tablicy dlya sostoyaniya NORMAL A ALTER i - imena kodirovok: koi_8 iso_8859_5 mswcyr altdos Para ":" zada£t zagruzku tablicy, perekodiruyushchej iz kodirovki v kodirovku Est' eshch£ sleduyushchie predopredel£nnye tablicy: I:I - nichego ne perekodirovat' (samo v sebya) qwerty:koi_8 qwerty:iso_8859_5 qwerty:mswcyr Tri poslednih tablicy prednaznacheny dlya raboty s terminalom, ne podderzhivayushchim vos'mibitovyj vvod s klaviatury. |ti tablicy pozvolyayut perekodirovat' kody latinskih klavish qwerty... QWERTY... v sootvetstvuyushchie russkie kody jcuken... JCUKEN... pereklyuchayas' mezhdu nimi po CTRL/N, CTRL/O. trload -tload Zagruzhaet v modul' trcode tablicu iz fajla. Parametr imeet vid: RN: RA: WN: WA: gde vy mozhete pridumat' proizvol'no po svoemu vkusu. Fajl s tablicej imeet sleduyushchij format: - pustye stroki i stroki, nachinayushchiesya s # - eto kommentarii. - fajl sostoit iz strok vida: # kommentarij '1' 200 'A' 201 243 253 0xFF 222 120 'A' 55 0xFE 66 ^G Pervaya kolonka zada£t kod simvola KOTORYJ nado perekodirovat', vtoraya - kod simvola V KOTORYJ nado perekodirovat'. Kod simvola mozhet zadavat'sya v lyuboj iz sleduyushchih form: 'c' - simvol predstavlyaet sam sebya 0xFF - shestnadcatirichnoe chislo ^C - CTRL/simvol \377 - vos'mirichnoe chislo 999 - desyatichnoe chislo Simvoly, ne perechislennye v dannom fajle, perekodiruyutsya sami v sebya. trload -rswitchN c trload -rswitchA c trload -wswitchN c trload -wswitchA c Zada£t simvoly pereklyucheniya sostoyanij. r - dlya READ, w - dlya WRITE. N - iz NORMAL v ALTER, A - iz ALTER v NORMAL. Simvol mozhet byt' ukazan v vide: ^- ili NO ili none - nulevoj bajt, vyklyuchaet simvol pereklyucheniya ^C - CTRL/bukva (dlya csh: "^C" ) c - prosto bukva trload -rstate N trload -rstate A trload -wstate N trload -wstate A Ustanavlivaet sostoyanie kanala: rstate - READ, wstate - WRITE. N - sostoyanie v NORMAL, A - v ALTER. Argumenty (krome -unload i -pop) mogut vystupat' v kombinacii: trload -o -v -push -tname RN:koi_8:altdos strlook Poskol'ku programmnye konveery v UNIX takzhe realizovany cherez STREAMS, my mozhem ispol'zovat' modul' "trcode" vnutri truby: date | ( trload -i -v -push -tname RN:koi_8:altdos ; cat ) ili (trload -o -push -tname WN:koi_8:altdos; date) | cat ili (trload -push -tname WN:koi_8:altdos; date) | cat budet poluchen otvet v al'ternativnoj DOSovskoj kodirovke (pri uslovii, chto date vyda£t v KOI-8). 3) Komandnyj fajl dosterm Zagruzhaet modul' trcode i sootvetstvuyushchie tablicy dlya ispol'zovaniya s telnet-om iz PC NFS. Posle vhoda s PC na stanciyu cherez telnet, naberite komandu dosterm. Ona zadast preobrazovanie iz Al'ternativnoj DOSovskoj kodirovki na PC v tu kodirovku, kotoraya zadana v vashej peremennoj sredy $LANG. 4) Komandnyj fajl dumbterm Zagruzhaet modul' trcode i sootvetstvuyushchie tablicy dlya ispol'zovaniya s "tupym terminalom" cherez CTRL/N CTRL/O i QWERTY-raskladku. Eshch£ primer: ~~~~~~~~~~ trload -tname RA:qwerty:koi_8 -rswitchN ^N -rswitchA ^O -escseq on -esclength 3 V dannom sluchae u nas imeetsya terminal, funkcional'nye klavishi i klavishi so strelkami kotorogo generiruyut ESC-posledovatel'nosti vida ESC [ A Esli my vklyuchili po CTRL/N russkij vvod, to podobnaya posledovatel'nost' vved£tsya kak ESC [ F i ne budet raspoznana programmoj chteniya funkcional'nyh klavish (ibo eto ne sootvetstvuet opisaniyam v terminfo ili termcap). Dlya etogo predusmotreny tri klyucha, obespechivayushchie otmenu perekodirovki v russkie bukvy ESC-posledovatel'nostej. trload -esc c Zada£t simvol, oboznachayushchij nachalo ESC-posledovatel'nosti. Po umolchaniyu eto simvol ESC - on zhe ^[ ili '\033' trload -escseq on trload -escseq off Vklyuchit'/vyklyuchit' prosmotr ESC-posledovatel'nostej. Po umolchaniyu vklyuch£n. trload -esclength N (N obychno 3) Ne perekodirovat' ESC-posledovatel'nosti dliny N. Po umolchaniyu 0 - vyklyucheno. To est', esli so vvoda postupil simvol ESC (ukazannyj v -esc c), to NE perekodirovat' ego i posleduyushchie N-1 simvolov. Tak dlya "ESC [ A" dlina kak raz ravna 3. Uvy, dannaya vozmozhnost' ne da£t resheniya pri ESC-posledovatel'nostyah peremennoj dliny, vrode ESC [ A i ESC [ 2 2 2 z Eshch£ primer: ~~~~~~~~~~ trload -load -tname RA:qwerty:koi_8 -rswitchN "^N" -rswitchA "^O" -escseq on -esctime 33 trload -esctime N Ispol'zuet inuyu strategiyu raboty s ESC-posledovatel'nostyami. Pri poluchenii simvola ESC (zadannogo v -esc C), otmenyaetsya perekodirovka na vvode na vremennoj interval N tikov (v sekunde soderzhitsya 100 tikov - dlya Solaris 2.x). Pri etom posledovatel'nosti vrode ESC [ A ESC [ 2 2 2 z generiruyutsya "kompaktno vo vremeni" i uspevayut projti cherez modul' perekodirovki za eto korotkoe vremya. Zatem perekodirovka avtomaticheski vosstanavlivaetsya. |tot podhod reshaet takzhe problemu odinochnogo ESC, posle kotorogo ne sleduyut nikakie inye simvoly, to est' vse posleduyushchie simvoly vvodimye pol'zovatelem nado perekodirovat' obychnym obrazom. Problemoj teper' yavlyaetsya vybor udachnogo intervala N. 1) Slishkom malen'kij interval mozhet okazat'sya nedostatochnym dlya prohozhdeniya vsej ESC-posledovatel'nosti. 2) Slishkom bol'shoj interval mozhet privesti k tomu, chto vy vs£ eshch£ budete imet' vystavlennyj flag otmeny perekodirovki, kogda e£ uzhe pora by nachat' vypolnyat'. Interval etot dolzhen byt' yavno men'she 1 sekundy. Na konsoli SPARC-stancii podhodyashchim yavlyaetsya znachenie 3 tika. Dlya terminalov, veroyatno, prigodno znachenie 33 = 1/3 sekundy. Imenno etot metod ispol'zovan v dumbterm. Eshch£ primer: ~~~~~~~~~~ Mogut byt' neskol'ko tipov ESC-posledovatel'nostej, vrode ESC [ A ^A A Poetomu predusmotreno neskol'ko simvolov, nachinayushchih ESC-posledovatel'nosti: trload -esc c trload -esc2 c trload -esc3 c trload -esc4 c

    Kak dobavlyat' Adobe Type I fonty v X Window System.

=================================================== 1) Polozhit' fajly konturov i metrik Font.pfa Font.afm Font-Bold.pfa Font-Bold.afm Font-Italic.pfa Font-Italic.afm Font-BoldItalic.pfa Font-BoldItalic.afm v /usr/openwin/lib/X11/fonts/Type1 /usr/openwin/lib/X11/fonts/Type1/afm (dalee $DIR) ($DIR/afm) 2) Vzyat' i rukami dopisat' v fajl $DIR/fonts.scale Font.pfa -company-fontname-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-m-0-koi-8 Font-Bold.pfa -company-fontname-bold-r-normal--0-0-0-0-m-0-koi-8 Font-Italic.pfa -company-fontname-medium-i-normal--0-0-0-0-m-0-koi-8 Font-BoldItalic.pfa -company-fontname-bold-i-normal--0-0-0-0-m-0-koi-8 -p- dlya proporcional'nyh shriftov -m- dlya fixed width, monospaced gde company - nazvanie kompanii-razrabotchika fonta (naprimer, paragraph), a fontname - nazvanie semejstva fontov, k primeru -koi-8 -iso8859-5 -ibm-1251 -ibm-866 3) Vypolnit' v kataloge $DIR komandu mkfontdir kotoraya sozda£t fajl $DIR/fonts.dir 3.1) Dlya ispol'zovaniya s Dispaly PostScript sleduet vypolnit' v kataloge $DIR komandu /usr/openwin/bin/makepsres kotoraya sozda£t fajl PSres.upr 4) Dlya ispol'zovaniya kratkih im£n fontov (a ne dlinnyh XLFD - X logical font description) sleduet rukami dobavit' v fajl $DIR/fonts.alias sleduyushchie opredeleniya: Font "-company-fontname-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-koi-8" Font-Bold "-company-fontname-bold-r-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-koi-8" Font-Italic "-company-fontname-medium-i-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-koi-8" Font-BoldItalic "-company-fontname-bold-i-normal--0-0-0-0-p-0-koi-8" LAST) Soobshchit' okonnoj sisteme o dobavlenii novogo fonta (fontov). Libo: xset fp rehash (esli dobavlyali v /usr/openwin/lib/X11/fonts/Type1) Libo: xset fp+ $DIR (esli my SOZDALI svoj katalog $DIR) TEST) Prosmotr, poyavilsya li font v spiske dostupnyh: xset -q xlsfonts | more V spiske dolzhny poyavit'sya i kratkie i polnye imena novyh fontov. Prosmotr tablicy bukv: xfd -fn Font-n xfd -fn Font-Bold-n xfd -fn Font-Italic-n xfd -fn Font-BoldItalic-n gde n - chislo, razmer v pikselah.

    Pechat' na PostScript printere.

============================== Dannyj paket predostavlyaet podderzhku TOLXKO dlya printerov, podderzhivayushchih PostScript (i dlya paketa NeWSprint). Kak voobshche installirovat' printer? ================================== Pust' u nas est' HP LaserJet 4M+ s vstroennymi russkimi shriftami v al'ternativnoj kodirovke (altdos) i vstavlennym interpretatorom yazyka PostScript. My dolzhny dobavit' printer pri pomoshchi programmy admintool, pri etom ukazav: PrinterPort = /dev/bpp0 PrinterType = PostScript !!! ne HewlettPackard Printer !!! FileContents = Both PostScript and ASCII Pust' nash printer poluchil imya ImyaPrintera Zatem sleduet skopirovat' modificirovannyj interfejsnyj fajl cp /etc/lp/model/russianPS /etc/lp/interfaces/ImyaPrintera Posmotrite kommentarii v nachale etogo fajla! Kak pechatat' krasivo i po-russki? ================================= Dlya pechati PostScript-fajlov sleduet ispol'zovat' fil'try /usr/lib/lp/postscript/findPSfont /usr/lib/lp/postscript/loadPSfont loadPSfont yavlyaetsya uluchshennoj versiej sistemnogo fil'tra /usr/lib/lp/postscript/download On ispol'zuet tablicu shriftov, nahodyashchuyusya v fajle /usr/share/lib/hostfontdir/map i vstraivaet ispol'zuemye v *.ps fajle shrifty neposredstvenno v sam fajl (sm. man download(1)). Ispol'zovanie: /usr/lib/lp/postscript/findPSfont < file.ps | /usr/lib/lp/postscript/loadPSfont | lp Gde file.ps dolzhen imet' zagolovok vida: %!PS-Adobe-..... %%DocumentFonts: DecorCK %%+ ParsekCK Sushchestvennoj yavlyaetsya stroka %%DocumentFonts: %!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Creator: Windows PSCRIPT %%Title: untitled %%BoundingBox: 20 20 555 802 %%Pages: 1 %%DocumentFonts: DecorCK NewtonCK NewtonCK-Bold %%DocumentNeededResources: (atend) %%EndComments %%BeginSetup /Word0 (Az esm' znat' russkij yazyk®) def /DecorCK findfont 60 scalefont setfont /printWord { 0 0 moveto Word0 show } def %%EndSetup %%Page: "one" 1 40 500 translate % move co-ordinate system origin .95 -.05 0 % start, increment, end { % current loop index is on stack setgray printWord -1 .5 translate } for 1 setgray printWord /NewtonCK findfont 60 scalefont setfont 0 setgray 0 150 translate printWord /NewtonCK-Bold findfont 60 scalefont setfont 0 setgray 640 -300 translate -1 1 scale printWord showpage %%Trailer %%DocumentNeededResources: font NewtonCK-Bold %%+ font DecorCK %%+ font NewtonCK %%EOF Dlya togo, chtoby vashi fajly pechatalis' cherez NeWSprint, vy OBYAZANY rasstavit' vse strukturiruyushchie kommentarii %% i dobavit' kommentarij %%DocumentNeededResources: font ..., inache NeWSprint mozhet ne najti ispol'zuemyh vami fontov. Poskol'ku ryad dokumentov ne soderzhit ukazaniya ispol'zuemyh fontov, predlagaemaya programma findPSfont nahodit v PostScript-ovskom fajle imena izvestnyh ej fontov i stroit kommentarij s ih spiskom. Programma findPSfont mozhet takzhe ispol'zovat'sya dlya zameny im£n fontov: findPSfont -rMAPFILE < file.ps (prosto klyuch -r dlya ispol'zovaniya fajla /usr/local/lib/ps/substPSfonts.list) gde MAPFILE - fajl so strokami vida (para slov) StaroeImyaFonta NovoeImyaFonta Courier CourierCK Courier-Bold CourierCK-Bold Courier-Italic CourierCK-Italic Courier-BoldItalic CourierCK-BoldItalic (pozhalujsta NE pomeshchajte v etot fajl pustyh strok !) Vse vhozhdeniya StarogoImeniFonta budut v fajle file.ps zameneny na Novoe. To zhe samoe mozhno poluchit' vyzyvaya findPSfont s klyuchom -s (odnim ili mnogimi): findPSfont -s: < file.ps Primer: findPSfont -sEuroRoman-Oblique:Times-Italic -sSansSerif-Bold:Times-Bold < xxx.ps Drugoj sposob podmeny PostScript fontov opisan v fajle /usr/local/lib/ps/alias.ps Ryad testov i dokumentacii postavlyaetsya s nashim paketom v kataloge /usr/local/lib/ps Format PostScript fajla dolzhen byt' primerno takim: %!PS-Adobe-N.n %%Creator: kto i chem sozdal %%CreationDate: data sozdaniya %%Title: nazvanie %%BoundingBox: xu yu xl yl %%Pages: chislo stranic %%DocumentFonts: spisok fontov ili slovo (atend) %%EndComments %%BeginProlog [neobyazatel'nyj] opredeleniya (def), nikakih risuyushchih operatorov %%EndProlog [neobyazatel'nyj] %%BeginSetup sekciya operatorov inicializacii printera, vypolnyaemye operatory %%EndSetup %%Page: one 1 vypolnyaemye operatory risovaniya pervoj stranicy %%Page: two 2 vypolnyaemye operatory risovaniya vtoroj stranicy ..... %%Page: N n vypolnyaemye operatory risovaniya n-oj stranicy %%Trailer operatory deinicializacii (ochistki) a takzhe kommentarii, otoslannye sverhu slovom (atend) %%EOF [neobyazatel'nyj] [i luchshe ne pisat'] loadPSfont dolzhna byt' chast'yu bolee obshchego komandnogo fajla, naprimer interfejsnogo fajla /etc/lp/interfaces/, i ispol'zovat'sya kak odna iz chastej konvejera podgotovki fajla k pechati na PostScript printere. V otlichie ot download, loadPSfont ponimaet eshch£ odin format strukturiruyushchih kommentariev: %%DocumentNeededResources: font Courier866-Bold %%+ font Courier866-Italic %%+ font Courier866-normal %%+ font DecorC %%+ font IzhitsaC %%+ font MonoCondensedC %%+ font NewtonC %%+ font NewtonC-Bold %%+ font NewtonC-Italic %%+ font PragmaticaC %%+ font PragmaticaC-Bold %%+ font PragmaticaC-Italic %%+ font PragmaticaCondC A takzhe kommentarij %%IncludeResource: font NewtonC Komandnyj fajl dlya pechati tekstovyh fajlov russkimi bukvami mog by vyglyadet' tak (predpolagaetsya, chto tekst - v kodirovke KOI-8): chcode koi_8 altdos $* | \ /usr/lib/lp/postscript/postprint -f Courier866-normal | \ /usr/lib/lp/postscript/findPSfont | \ /usr/lib/lp/postscript/loadPSfont | \ lp -d Zdes': 1) chcode - perekodiruet fajl v kodirovku altdos, kotoruyu imeet font Courier866 (smotri vyshe razdel pro dopolnitel'nye utility). 2) postprint - prevrashchaet obychnyj tekst v PostScript-programmu. V Solaris-noj programme postprint sdelany pravki (sm. /usr/lib/lp/postscript/postprint.ps), pozvolyayushchie pechat' fontami s nestandartnym Encoding-om. Smotri man postprint (1). 3) findPSfont - sobiraet imena fontov. 4) loadPSfont - vstraivaet fonty. 5) lp - posylaet fajl na printer. Variant dlya shrifta MonoCondensedCK (on uzhe v kodirovke KOI-8): /usr/lib/lp/postscript/postprint -f MonoCondensedCK | \ /usr/lib/lp/postscript/findPSfont | \ /usr/lib/lp/postscript/loadPSfont | \ lp -d Po umolchaniyu postprint zada£t shrift razmerom 10 tochek. Razmer mozhno izmenit' yavno. Variant dlya shrifta MonoCondensedCK razmerom 5 tochek: /usr/lib/lp/postscript/postprint -s 5 -l 0 -f MonoCondensedCK | \ /usr/lib/lp/postscript/findPSfont | \ /usr/lib/lp/postscript/loadPSfont | \ lp -d -s 5 zada£t razmer shrifta. -l 0 zada£t razmer stranicy v strokah: 0 zastavlyaet vychislit' ego, ishodya iz ukazannogo razmera shrifta. -f zada£t font -p l zada£t pechat' landscape -p p zada£t pechat' portrait -n # zada£t pechat' v # stranic na odnoj. Vnimanie: slishkom dlinnye stroki ne perenosyatsya i ne obrubayutsya, a zalezayut na chuzhuyu territoriyu. Pechat' v formate landscape: /usr/lib/lp/postscript/postprint -p landscape -f MonoCondensedCK | \ /usr/lib/lp/postscript/findPSfont | \ /usr/lib/lp/postscript/loadPSfont | \ lp -d Pechat' v dve stranicy: /usr/lib/lp/postscript/postprint -n 2 -s 6 -l 0 -f MonoCondensedCK | \ /usr/lib/lp/postscript/findPSfont | \ /usr/lib/lp/postscript/loadPSfont | \ lp -d V kachestve zagotovki paket predostavlyaet komandnyj fajl /usr/local/bin/dolp, ob®edinyayushchij vysheizlozhennoe v pol'zovatel'skij interfejs dlya pechati tekstovyh fajlov (ne *.ps). Klyuchi vyzova dolp: -2 v dve stranicy (po 82 stroki na polu-stranice, 104 simvola v shirinu) -r landscape -b boldface -i italic -B bold+italic -F shrift Futuris -M shrift MonoCondensed -X shrift Xenia -P shrift Parsek -N shrift Newton -R shrift Pragmatica -a na vhode - ASCII fajl, ne rassmatrivat' PostScript -p na vhode - PostScript fajl, ne rassmatrivat' ASCII -v verbose - s otladochnoj vydachej -sNUM razmer shrifta -xNUM v NUM stranic na odnoj stranice -nNUM pechatat' NUM kopij -dPRINTER vyvod na printer po imeni (inache - na default) -t'TITLE' napechatat' oblozhku s nadpis'yu TITLE -lLANG zadanie vhodnoj russkoj kodirovki: koi_8 iso_8859_5 mswcyr altdos Razmer -s8 sootvetstvuet 82 stroki na stranice -s10 sootvetstvuet 66 strok na stranice. Po umolchaniyu ustanovlen -s10. Rekomenduetsya ispol'zovanie v takom konveere: V 2 stranicy: lprint -lines 82 -cols 105 fajly... | dolp -s8 -2 V 1 stranicu: lprint -lines 82 -cols 105 fajly... | dolp -s8 Dlya pechati fajlov, soderzhashchih razmetku pod raznye shrifty, sleduet ispol'zovat' programmu ensc. ensc files... | dolp cat file | ensc | dolp man cbook | ensc | dolp ili man cbook | ensc | lp Programma ber£t tekstovyj fajl i preobrazuet ego v PostScript. Predpolagaetsya 66 strok na stranice, kodirovka KOI-8. "Raznye shrifty" dostigayutsya v tekstovyh fajlah pri pomoshchi sleduyushchih posledovatel'nostej: C \b C -> zhirnyj shrift _ \b C -> kursiv Vot primer "pod pishushchuyu mashinku" - 41 stroka na liste, 70 simvolov v shirinu: ensc -s12 -x1.5 -R -t780 -b45 file.lp | dolp -sN - razmer keglya Naklonnye shrifty ================ Sushchestvuet dva tipa naklonnyh shriftov: 1) -Italic eto kursiv, special'no razrabotannoe nachertanie nekotoroj garnitury, modeliruyushchee rukopisnyj shrift so svoim sobstvennym konturom. 2) -Oblique naklonnyj shrift, poluchaemyj iz pryamogo nachertaniya izmeneniem koefficienta 'c' v FontMatrix. Kazhdyj simvol fonta narisovan v koordinatnoj setke razmerom 1000x1000 tochek. Pri vyvode na ustrojstvo on snachala masshtabiruetsya k setke 1x1, a potom - k razmeru ustrojstva. Preobrazovanie 1000x1000 --> 1x1 zadaetsya pri pomoshchi matricy FontMatrix [ a b c d tx ty ] x1 = a * x1000 + c * y1000 + tx y1 = b * x1000 + d * y1000 + ty Obychno matrica imeet vid [ 0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0 ] Vot primer sozdaniya naklonnogo shrifta iz shrifta NewtonCK. Zdes' c = 0.001 * sin(ugol_naklona); Otricatel'noe c sootvetstvuet naklonu vpravo. /NewtonCK findfont %%% skopirovat' slovar' dup length dict begin { 1 index /FID ne {def} {pop pop} ifelse } forall %%% izmenit' matricu /FontMatrix [ 0.001 0 -0.0005 0.001 0 0 ] def %%% opredelit' novyj font currentdict end /NewtonCK-Oblique exch definefont pop %%% /NewtonCK-Oblique findfont 60 scalefont setfont

    Pechat' iz pochty (mailtool)

========================== Solaris ispol'zuet dlya krasivoj pechati pochty programmu mp (smotri man mp (1)). Paket postavlyaet versiyu sluzhebnyh fajlov dlya mp, pozvolyayushchih pechatat' po-russki v kodirovke KOI-8 (poskol'ku eto - standartnaya kodirovka dlya pochty v Rossii). Fajly eti raspolozheny v kataloge $OPENWINHOME/share/xnews/client/mp/*.ps Odnako, dlya togo chtoby pochta pechatalas' i russkie fonty nahodilis', sleduet (v otlichie ot togo, chto opisano v man mp) zadat' v fajle ~/.mailrc (to est' $HOME/.mailrc) stroki set printmail='mp -c 20 -F -l | dolp' set cmd="mp -c 20 -F | dolp &" vmesto ukazannyh set printmail='mp | lp' set cmd="mp | lp &" to est' ispol'zovat' dolp vmesto lp. -F oznachaet pechatat' pole "From" vmesto polya "To" -l oznachaet pechat' po dve stranicy v formate landscape (ekonomiya bumagi). -c 20 oznachaet dlinu familii do 20 bukv (umolchanie - 18)

    Pechat' iz printtool i iz filemgr

================================ V domashnem kataloge sushchestvuet fajl ~/.desksetdefaults v kotorom opisany razlichnye parametry dlya programm deskset, v tom chisle dlya printtool i filemgr. Prover'te, chto komandy pechati vyglyadyat tak: deskset.filemgr.printScript: cat $FILE | mp -l -o | dolp deskset.printtool.lastPrintMethod: cat $FILE | mp -l | dolp -d $PRINTER Pechat' dokumentov v formate Letter ================================== Amerikanskij standart bumagi nazyvaetsya Letter: 8.5" x 11.0" %%BeginPaperSize: Letter Rossiya zhe ispol'zuet list formata A4: 8.26" x 11.69" Bol'shinstvo printerov v Rossii nastroeno pod A4, i kogda na nih postupaet PostScript dokument v formate Letter, printer libo nachinaet trebovat' list formata Letter (i potom nazhat' emu knopku ); libo prosto soobshchaet "nevernyj razmer bumagi" i otkazyvaetsya pechatat' chto-libo voobshche. Sushchestvuet sleduyushchij vozmozhnyj sposob bor'by s etim (kotoryj INOGDA rabotaet). sed "s/612 792/595 842/" < file.ps | lp Sistema podgotovki tekstov GROFF ================================ Sistema prevrashcheniya razmechennogo special'nym obrazom teksta v fajl na yazyke PostScript. Sostoit iz dvuh paketov: GNUroff - angloyazychnaya versiya GNUrofCyr - rusifikaciya smotri man groff man gtroff man gpic man gtbl itp. Opisanie sistemy nahoditsya v: /usr/local/doc/Troff.nroff - opisanie sistemy nroff/troff /usr/local/doc/Troff.ms-me - opisanie makropaketov MS i ME. /usr/local/doc/Troff.misc - opisanie paketa ME i sistemy PIC. Primery i kodovye tablicy nahodyatsya v: /usr/local/lib/groff/tests Vyzov formattera teksta: gpic files... | geqn | gtbl | groff -m | dolp gpic files... | geqn | gtbl | groff -m > file.ps groff -m -etp files... | dolp -e EQN -t TBL -p PIC Dlya togo, chtoby groff ispol'zoval russkuyu kodirovku, dolzhna byt' opredelena peremennaya sredy setenv GROFF_TYPESETTER ps-ru.koi_8 setenv GROFF_TYPESETTER ps-ru.iso_8859_5 setenv GROFF_TYPESETTER ps-ru.mswcyr ili klyuch dlya groff: -Tps-ru.koi_8 -Tps-ru.iso_8859_5 -Tps-ru.mswcyr Standartnoe nerusificirovannoe sredstvo formatirovaniya tekstov nazyvaetsya troff: tbl * | gpic | troff -Tpost -man | /usr/lib/lp/postscript/dpost > file.ps

    Rusifikaciya WABI

================ Vypolnyaetsya polnost'yu sredstvami MS Windows, nichego so storony Solaris ne privlekaetsya. Poryadok installyacii: 1) WABI 2.x 2) MS Windows 3.1 ili 3.11 3) Kirillicheskie TrueType fonty (*.ttf). 4) Proinstallirovat' kirillizator MS Windows cyrwin (versij 3 ili 4) prodavaemyj kompaniej STEEPLER. (sm katalog cyrwin). Pri installyacii NE vybirat' punkt menyu "Cyrillic System Fonts", vybrat' vzamen "Original System Fonts". 5) MS Office

    Rusifikaciya Netscape

==================== Proizvoditsya sleduyushchim obrazom: 1) installiruetsya netscape (2.0, 3.0 ili vyshe) /usr/local/bin/netscape /usr/local/lib/netscape/moz3_0.zip /usr/local/lib/netscape/plugins/libnullplugin.so $OPENWINHOME/lib/app-defaults/Netscape 2) zapuskaetsya netscape 3) vybiraetsya menyu Options/General Preferences/Fonts v n£m nastraivaem punkty: For the Encoding: Western (iso-8859-1) Use the Proportional Font: Application (Dt) Use the Fixed Font: Application (Dt) i vybiraem razmery shriftov po vkusu. 4) OK 5) vybiraetsya menyu Options/Mail and News Preferences v n£m zapolnyaetsya pole s nazvaniem Vashej organizacii i vash obratnyj pochtovyj adres. 6) Options/Save Options vs£. Dalee sleduet modificirovat' fajl resursov $OPENWINHOME/lib/app-defaults/Netscape vnesya v nego takie popravki: Vot takoj fragment konfiguracionnogo fajla ! ============================================================================ ! Fonts in the widgets. ! These fonts are all down in Motif land, and thus are not controlled by the ! font selector on the Preferences dialog. That applies only to fonts in ! the document display area. ! ============================================================================ ! *fontList: -*-helvetica-bold-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-* *XmTextField.fontList: -*-courier-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-* *XmText.fontList: -*-courier-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-* *XmList*fontList: -*-courier-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-* ! SGI default: !*menuBar*fontList: -*-helvetica-bold-o-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-* ! Sensible default: *menuBar*fontList: -*-helvetica-bold-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-* *menuBar*historyTruncated.fontList:\ -*-helvetica-medium-o-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-* *popup*fontList: -*-helvetica-bold-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-* *topArea*fontList: -*-helvetica-bold-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-* *topArea*XmTextField.fontList: -*-courier-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-* *topArea*XmText.fontList: -*-courier-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-* !*bookmark*fontList: -*-helvetica-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-* !*bookmark*fontList: -*-helvetica-bold-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-* !*bookmark*selectedLabel.fontList:\ -*-helvetica-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-* !*bookmark*XmTextField.fontList:-*-courier-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-* !*bookmark*XmText.fontList: -*-courier-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-* *mouseDocumentation.fontList: -*-helvetica-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-* *docinfoButton.fontList: -*-helvetica-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-* *mailto*urlLabel.fontList: -*-helvetica-medium-r-*-*-*-140-*-*-*-*-iso8859-* *licenseDialog*text.fontList: -*-courier-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-* ! These are the fonts used in the outline lists used in Mail, News, Bookmarks, ! and Address Book windows. (Note that there can't be any whitespace after ! the commas.) *XmLGrid*fontList:\ -*-helvetica-medium-r-*-*-*-100-*-*-*-*-iso8859-*,\ -*-helvetica-bold-r-*-*-*-100-*-*-*-*-iso8859-*=BOLD,\ -*-helvetica-medium-o-*-*-*-100-*-*-*-*-iso8859-*=ITALIC ................................. ! ! Navigator mouse documentation. ! *tipLabel.fontList: -*-helvetica-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-* Sleduet zamenit' na takoj (CK v sluchae koi_8): ! ============================================================================ ! Fonts in the widgets. ! These fonts are all down in Motif land, and thus are not controlled by the ! font selector on the Preferences dialog. That applies only to fonts in ! the document display area. ! ============================================================================ ! *fontList: -*-PragmaticaCK-bold-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-*-* *XmTextField.fontList: -*-CourierCK-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-*-* *XmText.fontList: -*-CourierCK-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-*-* *XmList*fontList: -*-CourierCK-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-*-* ! SGI default: !*menuBar*fontList: -*-PragmaticaCK-bold-o-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-*-* ! Sensible default: *menuBar*fontList: -*-PragmaticaCK-bold-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-*-* *menuBar*historyTruncated.fontList:\ -*-PragmaticaCK-medium-i-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-*-* *popup*fontList: -*-PragmaticaCK-bold-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-*-* *topArea*fontList: -*-PragmaticaCK-bold-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-*-* *topArea*XmTextField.fontList: -*-CourierCK-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-*-* *topArea*XmText.fontList: -*-CourierCK-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-*-* !*bookmark*fontList: -*-PragmaticaCK-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-*-* !*bookmark*fontList: -*-PragmaticaCK-bold-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-*-* !*bookmark*selectedLabel.fontList:\ -*-Pragmatica-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-*-* !*bookmark*XmTextField.fontList:-*-CourierCK-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-*-* !*bookmark*XmText.fontList: -*-CourierCK-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-*-* *mouseDocumentation.fontList: -*-PragmaticaCK-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-*-* *docinfoButton.fontList: -*-PragmaticaCK-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-*-* *mailto*urlLabel.fontList: -*-PragmaticaCK-medium-r-*-*-*-140-*-*-*-*-*-* *licenseDialog*text.fontList: -*-CourierCK-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-*-* ! These are the fonts used in the outline lists used in Mail, News, Bookmarks, ! and Address Book windows. (Note that there can't be any whitespace after ! the commas.) *XmLGrid*fontList:\ -*-PragmaticaCK-medium-r-*-*-*-100-*-*-*-*-*-*,\ -*-PragmaticaCK-bold-r-*-*-*-100-*-*-*-*-*-*=BOLD,\ -*-PragmaticaCK-medium-i-*-*-*-100-*-*-*-*-*-*=ITALIC ................................. ! ! Navigator mouse documentation. ! *tipLabel.fontList: -*-PragmaticaCK-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-*-* Libo s ispol'zovaniem fontov -dt-.... (chto bylo by luchshe) esli u vas ustanovlen CDE. ! ============================================================================ ! Fonts in the widgets. ! These fonts are all down in Motif land, and thus are not controlled by the ! font selector on the Preferences dialog. That applies only to fonts in ! the document display area. ! ============================================================================ ! *fontList: -dt-application-bold-r-*-sans-*-120-* *XmTextField.fontList: -dt-application-medium-r-*-serif-*-120-* *XmText.fontList: -dt-application-medium-r-*-serif-*-120-* *XmList*fontList: -dt-application-medium-r-*-serif-*-120-* ! SGI default: !*menuBar*fontList: -dt-application-bold-i-*-sans-*-120-* ! Sensible default: *menuBar*fontList: -dt-application-bold-r-*-sans-*-120-* *menuBar*historyTruncated.fontList:\ -dt-application-medium-i-*-sans-*-120-* *popup*fontList: -dt-application-bold-r-*-sans-*-120-* *topArea*fontList: -dt-application-bold-r-*-sans-*-120-* *topArea*XmTextField.fontList: -dt-application-medium-r-*-serif-*-120-* *topArea*XmText.fontList: -dt-application-medium-r-*-serif-*-120-* !*bookmark*fontList: -dt-application-medium-r-*-sans-*-120-* !*bookmark*fontList: -dt-application-bold-r-*-sans-*-120-* !*bookmark*selectedLabel.fontList:\ -dt-application-medium-r-*-sans-*-120-* !*bookmark*XmTextField.fontList:-dt-application-medium-r-*-serif-*-120-* !*bookmark*XmText.fontList: -dt-application-medium-r-*-serif-*-120-* *mouseDocumentation.fontList: -dt-application-medium-r-*-sans-*-120-* *docinfoButton.fontList: -dt-application-medium-r-*-sans-*-120-* *mailto*urlLabel.fontList: -dt-application-medium-r-*-sans-*-140-* *licenseDialog*text.fontList: -dt-application-medium-r-*-serif-*-120-* ! These are the fonts used in the outline lists used in Mail, News, Bookmarks, ! and Address Book windows. (Note that there can't be any whitespace after ! the commas.) *XmLGrid*fontList:\ -dt-application-medium-r-*-sans-*-100-*,\ -dt-application-bold-r-*-sans-*-100-*=BOLD,\ -dt-application-medium-i-*-sans-*-100-*=ITALIC ................................. ! ! Navigator mouse documentation. ! *tipLabel.fontList: -dt-application-medium-r-*-sans-*-120-* Dlya pechati po-russki iz Netscape sleduet v popup dialoge "Print" ukazyvat' komandu dolp vmesto komandy lp Komanda dolp special'nym obrazom podmenyaet shrifty v PostScript fajle na russkie. Pri etom chisto angloyazychnye fajly nastoyatel'no rekomenduetsya pechatat' cherez lp, a ne dolp.

    Esli u vas problemy s zapuskom programmy.

========================================= Esli u vas ne zapuskaetsya nekotoraya programma, naprimer srazu avarijno zavershaetsya i obrazuet fajl obraza pamyati "core", to isprobujte takie vozmozhnosti: 1) chmod a+x program 2) file program i vyyasnite - yavlyaetsya li programma komandnym fajlom (na yazykah sh, ksh, csh) ili ob®ektnym modulem. Esli eto komandnyj fajl, to najdite v nem ob®ektnuyu programmu. Komandnyj fajl na /bin/sh mozhno trassirovat' pri pomoshchi sh -x program arg1 arg2 ... argN 3) ldd program |ta komanda pokazyvaet spisok dinamicheskih bibliotek, neobhodimyh dlya raboty dannoj programmy. Vy poluchite vydachu primerno takogo vida: % ldd xCyrInput libXm.so.3 => (not found) libX11.so.4 => /usr/lib/libX11.so.4 libXt.so.4 => /usr/lib/libXt.so.4 libDtSvc.so.1 => (not found) libc.so.1 => /usr/lib/libc.so.1 libXext.so.0 => /usr/openwin/lib/libXext.so.0 libsocket.so.1 => /usr/lib/libsocket.so.1 libnsl.so.1 => /usr/lib/libnsl.so.1 libdl.so.1 => /usr/lib/libdl.so.1 libw.so.1 => /usr/lib/libw.so.1 libintl.so.1 => /usr/lib/libintl.so.1 libmp.so.1 => /usr/lib/libmp.so.1 My vidim, chto biblioteka libDtSvc nedostupna. |to mozhet proishodit' po tr£m prichinam: a) katalog, soderzhashchij etu biblioteku [eshch£] ne smontirovan. Primer: katalog /usr/openwin v moment nachal'noj zagruzki sistemy. b) |ta biblioteka prosto ne proinstallirovana na mashinu. c) Ne ukazan put' poiska etoj biblioteki. Tak, v nashem sluchae, biblioteka libDtSvc nahoditsya v kataloge /usr/dt/lib Sledovatel'no, vasha peremennaya okruzheniya LD_LIBRARY_PATH dolzhna vklyuchat' v sebya etot katalog, i dolzhna vyglyadet' primerno tak: % setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH /usr/dt/lib:/usr/openwin/lib:/usr/lib 4) Poprobujte zapustit' programmu pod otladchikom adb. adb program Ne vyda£tsya nikakoj podskazki! :r arg1 arg2 ... argN Programma nachinaet vypolnyat'sya. Esli proishodit oshibka, vy vidite ukazanie na mesto, gde sluchilsya sboj. Posle etogo vy mozhete posmotret' stek vyzovov funkcij komandoj $C $? Zatem vyjti iz adb $q Prosmotr steka vyzovov mozhet dat' vam po krajnej mere informaciyu o tom, v kakoj funkcii sluchilsya sboj (a iz etogo sleduet - v kakoj biblioteke). 5) truss -f -o /tmp/TRACE program arg1 arg2 ... argN |ta programma sozdast v fajle /tmp/TRACE trassirovku vypolneniya vseh sistemnyh vyzovov. Inogda izuchenie etoj istorii mozhet okazat'sya poleznym.

    KLYUCHEVYE FAJLY

============== /usr/lib/locale/$LANG /etc/skel/local.profile /etc/tune_lang $OPENWINHOME/lib/X11/fonts/encodings/cmod.sh $OPENWINHOME/lib/X11/fonts/cyrill/* $OPENWINHOME/lib/X11/fonts/cyrill-Type1/* $OPENWINHOME/lib/X11/fonts/cyrill-Type1/afm/* $OPENWINHOME/lib/Xinitrc $OPENWINHOME/lib/locale/$LANG/Xdefaults $OPENWINHOME/lib/locale/$LANG/Xmodmaprc $OPENWINHOME/lib/Xmodmaprc.* $OPENWINHOME/lib/xdm/StartOW /etc/dt /usr/dt/lib/bindings/sun VirtualBindings (3X), DtEditor (3) |\ _,,,---,,_ /,`.-'`' -. ;-;;,_ |,4- ) )-,_..;\ ( `'-' '---''(_/--' `-'\_)

Last-modified: Mon, 24 Mar 1997 06:35:15 GMT
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