4
kingi mnogo chego natvorili ne tol'ko v istorii Drevnej Rusi, no i v
istorii anglijskogo yazyka tozhe. My zhe dlya osvoeniya Ameriki konca XX stoletiya
sosredotochimsya na yazyke amerikancev. Sovremennom. Razgovornom.
No ne nado dumat', chto process obogashcheniya anglijskogo yazyka novymi
slovami zakonchilsya v burnye shestidesyatye. On prodolzhalsya i v semidesyatye, i
v vos'midesyatye, v konce kotoryh ne bez pomoshchi vse teh zhe rok-muzykantov
vozniklo mnogo novyh ponyatij libo voskresli horosho zabytye starye; poshla
volna obil'nyh sokrashchenij. Prodolzhaetsya etot process i v devyanostye.
Nikto ne mozhet dat' chetkogo i bolee-menee tochnogo opredeleniya slenga.
Bse opredeleniya tipa "yazyk nizshih sloev...", "yazyk besputnyh gramoteev...",
"specificheskij zhargon opredelennoj gruppy lyudej..." ne vyderzhivayut nikakoj
kritiki (moej tozhe). YA by dal slengu sleduyushchee opredelenie: SL|NG -- |TO VSE
TO, CHTO NE POPADAET V UCHEBNIKI.
Vy, navernoe, udivites', no v SSHA v nedalekom proshlom v sleng vhodili
takie privychnye vyrazheniya, kak of course, to take care, OK, to get up,
lunch. Da-da, ne shuchu. Ih "lanch" (nash "obed") -- slovo, voshedshee v
anglijskij yazyk posle Pervoj mirovoj vojny, do sih por otsutstvuet v
nekotoryh uchebnikah, kotorye po starinke pol'zuyutsya dinner dlya oboznacheniya
obeda, hot' dinner -- eto uzhe bol'she "uzhin", chem "obed". Nekotorye
metodichki, kotorye mne dovelos' derzhat' v rukah v studencheskie zolotye gody
i po kotorym uchatsya i sejchas, byli razrabotany eshche v 1911 godu! Ponyatno, chto
leksika dialogov takih razrabotok, kak by oni ni byli horoshi v
grammaticheskom plane, ne vklyuchala ni "lanchej", ni OK... "O'kej" do sih por
ignoriruetsya bol'-
6
shchinstvom uchebnikov, vo vsyakom sluchae temi, po kotorym uchilsya lichno ya.
Slovo eto voshlo v oborot v tridcatyh godah i prizhilos' vo mnogih yazykah
mira; odnako nashi didakty schitali ego bezbozhnym slengom i ne uchityvali v
svoih metodikah i razrabotkah dostatochno dolgo. Nekotorye ne uchityvayut i po
sej den'. A zrya, ved' eto uzhe grubejshaya oshibka, t.k. sami amerikancy i
anglichane davno uzhe ne schitayut OK chem-to osobym, kak i mnogie drugie slova i
vyrazheniya, k. kotorym v nashih vuzah po-prezhnemu otnosyatsya kak k chemu-to ne
sovsem prilichnomu i pravil'nomu. Posle pervogo mesyaca zhit'ya-byt'ya na
severoamerikanskom kontinente ya vychislil azy ih razgovornogo yazyka (AVS --
ej-bi-si), chto bylo ne tak uzh i trudno. Tak vot, OK i est' etot pervyj "az",
ili "ej". Vtoroj "az", ili "bi", -- eto slova, vyrazhayushchie pozitivnoe
mirooshchushchenie: cool i oh boy. I, nakonec ,"si" -- slova, vyrazhayushchie
negativnye oshchushcheniya: shit i. fuck. Vot na etih treh kitah (plyus melkaya
rybeshka v vide parochki glagolov to go i to get), neskol'kih sushchestvitel'nyh
i mestoimeniyah i stoit aktivnyj razgovornyj anglijskij (i stoyat' budet),
esli edak grubo obobshchit'. Znaya eti AVS, mozhno smelo otpravlyat'sya na
amerikanskuyu diskoteku i, soobrazhaya, gde kakogo "kita" vstavlyat', vpolne
snosno obshchat'sya tam s mestnymi "aborigenami". Tol'ko vyuchite alfavit. V etom
vam pomozhet nash slovar' v konce knigi, kotoryj dan v alfavitnom poryadke.
Zachem uchit' alfavit? Da zatem, chto American English nastol'ko mnogoznachen,
zaputan i slozhen dlya samih zhe amerikancev, chto oni vo vremya razgovora ochen'
chasto koe-chto povtoryayut po bukvam, chtoby sobesednik ponyal, kakoe zhe slovo
imeetsya v vidu.
7
My togda zhili v GDR (strana takaya byla na vostoke Germanii), gde v
konce shestidesyatyh -- nachale semidesyatyh sluzhil moi otec. YA chasto videl, chto
nemcy v teh sluchayah, kogda my pokazyvaem vot tak,
pokazyvali etot samyj znak, napominayushchij odnovremenno i bukvu "k" i
bukvu "o", "O'kej" takim obrazom davno i plotno voshlo v nemeckij yazyk, kak,
vprochem, i v drugie yazyki narodov mira. Po krajnej mere, OK ponimayut vo vseh
stranah, hotya v delovoj perepiske ego, kak pravilo, izbegayut. OK oznachaet:
"YA v poryadke, zdorov, vse v norme, horosho". Mozhno govorit' OK vmesto
"pozhalujsta" na ih "spasibo", chto vy i uvidite chut' nizhe v primerah. Nu, a
kak i otkuda poshlo eto samoe "0'kej"? Parni iz Oklahomy utverzhdayut, chto ono
proizoshlo ot sokrashchennogo napisaniya ih rodnogo shtata, prinyatogo vo vremya
odnoj predvybornoj kampanii. Kto-to govorit, chto eto inicialy ego dedushki.
No samaya pravdopodobna" teoriya -- ta, chto OK beret nachalo ot ol korrekt --
vse pravil'no. Hotya po-anglijski eto "pravil'no" pishetsya neskol'ko drugimi
bukvami: all correct. No odin amerikanec nemeckogo proishozhdeniya, privykshij,
chto v nemeckom kak slyshitsya, tak i pishetsya, pomechal vse dokumenty, kotorye
odobryal, "OK". Te, kto imel s etim parnem delo, postepenno zapomnili, chto
"ou" i "kej"-- est' horosho. S teh por poshlo i poehalo OK po vsemu miru,
pust' ego nekotorye mrachnye yazykovedy i ne zamechayut.
-- Thank you, John,-- blagodarit Mik Dzhona za to, chto tot daet emu
spisat' kontrol'nuyu po matematike.
-- OK, -- kivaet v otvet Dzhon.
-- How's your wife? Is she o'kay now?-- Kak zhena? Zdorova? --
sprashivaet prezident Klinton gossekretarya pri vstreche v koridore Belogo
doma.
-- Thank you, she is OK!-- Spasibo, ona zdorova!-- ulybaetsya v otvet
gossekretar'.
Serzhant policii Majkl Holduin vyprygivaet na hodu iz mashiny. Zatem
ottuda, prygaet komissar Le Peshen, no menee udachno, i katitsya po doroge,
perevorachivayas' cherez golovu. Avtomobil' s otkazavshimi tormozami letit pryamo
s krutogo otkosa v okean, gde, nakonec,
8
i tormozit. Serzhant podhodit k lezhashchemu na zemle komissaru.
'-- -Are you OK? -- Vy v poryadke? -- sprashivaet on, sklonyayas' nad nim.
Komissar s trudom pripodnimaetsya', tak kak zdorovo ushibsya, no, buduchi
istinnym amerikancem, proiznosit:
-- I'm O K, thanks. -- Vse normal'no, spasibo.
-- 1 think it's not OK.-- Dumayu, chto on ne takoj, kak nado, -- govorit
odin povar drugomu, probuya sup.
-- No, it's OK! -- Net, vse normal'no! -- otvechaet glavnyj povar.
Da, na vezhlivoe privetstvie priyatelya i ego vopros o zdorov'e vashej
babushki prinyato otvechat'; "Thank you, she is OK", pust' dazhe babushka i ne
OK. YA tut skazal, chto v delovoj perepiske etogo slova izbegayut, no vot vo
vpolne ser'eznyh gazetah ya chasto vstrechal: prezident Gorbachev govoril
korrespondentam, chto Raissa Maximovna is OK. Tak chto tut i do delovoj
perepiski, dumayu, rukoj podat'. I voobshche, OK -- ochen' vazhnoe slovo. S ego
pomoshch'yu mozhno dostatochno dolgo i effektivno podderzhivat' besedu s
amerikancami. Odnazhdy v Amerike ya nablyudal, kak odin ispanskij mal'chik, znaya
lish' it's OK i thank you, dolgo razgovarival s amerikanskim sverstnikom i
oba drug druga prekrasno ponimali. |to potom mne ob®yasnili, chto Rafael', tak
zvali togo parnishku, krome etih dvuh vyrazhenij, bol'she nichego ne znaet
po-anglijski. Mne srazu pripomnilsya odin smeshnoj sluchaj, kak nekij latinos,
ne ponimaya, chto emu govorit na horoshem anglijskom priehavshij v Ameriku
russkij student, oborval ego frazoj: "Ty zhe v Amerike! Govori na
ispanskom!". Da uzh, N'yu-Jork v etom plane, dejstvitel'no, gorod-model' mira.
V kakoj-nibud' chasti etogo goroda -- v CHajna Taun ili v Malen'koj Italii, na
Brajton Bich ili v latinskom kvartale -- na vash pravil'nyj anglijskij budut
reagirovat', skoree vsego, s sozhaleniem. Mol, vot kakoj bedolaga priehal k
nam -- ne znaet yazyka. I kak on syuda zabrel?..
Tak chto, kak vidite, OK imeet neskol'ko zhiznenno vazhnyh znachenij:
1. "pozhalujsta" na ih "spasibo";
2. "zdorov", "zdorova", "zdorovy";
3. "pravil'no";
4."vse v poryadke";
5. all right -- "horosho, ladno"; eto slovo s natyazhkoj vse zhe mozhno
nazvat' sinonimom OK.
Nebol'shoe otstuplenie.-
Ne znayu pochemu, no u mnogih nashih prepodavatelej vse eshche .sohranyaetsya
negativno-prenebrezhitel'noe otnoshenie k optimisticheskomu OK. .
9
Pomnyu, kak na pervom kurse na "kartoshke" v derevne Zakolyuzh'e ya byl
komandirom studencheskogo otryada i reshil nazvat' otryad "O'kej" -- dlya
podnyatiya, tak skazat', boevogo duha. No nash prepod etu moyu ideyu zarubil.
Pochemu? On tak i ne smog ob®yasnit', chto zhe emu ne nravilos' v etom slove.
Togda ya nazval nash kartofel'nyj otryad "Zakolyuzhskie Tigry". Obidno, no i
vtoroe moe predlozhenie ne proshlo...
Priehav v N'yu-Jork po studencheskomu obmenu na letnyuyu praktiku, ya kak-to
razgovorilsya s parnishkoj iz Gollandii Ruudom, a on, edva menya uslyshav,
voskliknul: "Ogo! U tebya takoj horoshij anglijskij!" -- "Nu, nauchili za pyat'
let, -- otvetil ya i grustno dobavil: -- A vot ya nikogo ponyat' zdes' ne mogu.
Slovno i ne po-anglijski vse govoryat..." -- "U menya takzhe byli problemy v
pervye dni",-- ulybnulsya Ruud. Dejstvitel'no, eto internacional'naya problema
vseh priezzhayushchih v SSHA: privyknut' k mestnoj fonetike i, glavnoe, k leksike.
Nasha akademicheskaya podgotovka sovershenno ne podhodit k amerikanskim ulicam,
bejsbol'nym ploshchadkam, obshchezhitiyam, kuhnyam i zakusochnym, gde svoi pravila,
svoi slova, koroche , svoj yazyk. Kraem glaza ya videl karmannyj slovar' dlya
inostrannyh studentov, priezzhayushchih v Ameriku; v etom slovare pomeshcheny
mestnye idiomy, sleng i prochie vyrazheniya i frazeologizmy podobnogo tolka.
(Kstati, kogda moya pervaya knizhka ob anglijskom yazyke tol'ko-tol'ko poyavilas'
na polkah magazinov, ya podumal o tom, chto, bud' moya volya, stoilo by
priostanovit' ee izdanie, tak kak v knizhke net samogo glavnogo: slovarika
samyh populyarnyh slov i vyrazhenij ili hotya by perechnya.) Bol'shie
enciklopedicheskie slovari, pohozhie na korobku iz-pod torta, v etom sluchae
plohi tem, chto ih prihoditsya ochen' dolgo gotovit'. I, kak pravilo, polovina
leksicheskogo zapasa takih moshchnyh izdanij soderzhit libo ustarevshij material,
libo krajne redko upotreblyaemyj. A mnogie novye slovechki i vyrazheniya popast'
v etu ser'eznuyu knigu ne mogut. Tak chto dlya nashih prepodavatelej i
studentov, da i dlya vseh, kto izuchaet anglijskij yazyk i sobiraetsya libo
poehat' v Ameriku, libo tak ili inache kontaktirovat' s amerikancami,
nebol'shoj, no emkij slovar' nuzhnej nuzhnogo, ibo... Nu vot, poprobujte
prochitat' i, glavnoe, vrubit'sya v smysl nizhesleduyushchego.
Stoyat, k primeru, dvoe policejskih, ili dva soldata, ili dvoe rabochih v
kaskah s hot-dogami -- ponyatno, lanch, dva fermera v shlyapah, dva biznesmena
(bez shlyap), dva studenta... Koroche: stoyat dvoe i beseduyut o nekoem obshchem
znakomom Bobe:
10
-- Bob is a great guy. He never blows his slack. He hardly ever flies
off the handle. Well, of course, he is actually getting on, too. But he
always knows how to make up for the-lost time by taking it easy. He gets up
early, works out, and turns in early. He knows how to get away with things.
Bob's got it made. This is it for him. He is a cool cat.
Vse slova vrode kak ponyatny, a vot obshchij smysl vyrisovyvaetsya edva li.
A teper' posmotrite na nash mini-slovarik, kotoryj koe-chto rasshifrovyvaet.
| a great guy | klassnyj chuvak, klevyj paren' |
| to blow one's stack | ne derzhat' sebya v rukah, zavodit'sya |
| to fly off the handle | vyhodit' iz sebya, sryvat'sya |
| to be getting on | iznashivat'sya, staret' |
| to make up for something | vosstanavlivat', kompensirovat' |
| to take it easy | ne brat' do golovy uprazhnyat'sya, |
| to work out | delat' zaryadku, kachat'sya |
| to turn in | idti na bokovuyu |
| to get away with things | provorachivat' dela |
| to get it made | byt' udachlivym, umet' vse shvatyvat' |
| this is it | vot tak, eto glavnoe |
| cool | klassnyj (klassno), chetkij (chetko), klevyj (klevo) |
| cat | paren' |
sike kotoryh to tut, to tam mel'kali slovechki "kruto" , "ya tashchus'". |to
po-russki. Po-anglijski zhe oni, okazyvaetsya, govorili vmesto "ya tashchus'"
prosto I love it, t.e. "mne eto nravitsya, ya eto lyublyu", no perevodchik
poschital, chto russkie rok-fany ne pojmut svoego kumira, esli tot budet
govorit' tak, kak vse. YA dumayu, vy uzhe ponyali, chto bezmyatezhnuyu frazu I love
it nuzhno traktovat' tak zhe, kak i great, v sootvetstvii s govoryashchim.
-- It's very different. But I love it. -- Zdes' vse po-drugomu. No mne
nravitsya, -- govorit odna amerikanka drugoj v foje gostinicy belorusskoj
stolicy.
-- Man, I love it. -- Parya, ya tashchus',-- zatyagivaetsya marihuanoj xunnu u
peredaet okurok svoemu koreshu.
-- Oh boy! I love it! -- Ogo! Obaldenno! -- krichit Dzhejn Miku.
skativshis' s krutoj gorki v vodu.
15
V te momenty, kogda my udivlyaemsya ili voshishchenno govorim:
"Nichego sebe! Vot eto da!", amerikancy vykrikivayut "Oh
boy!" vne zavisimosti ot togo, "boj" stoit ryadom ili "gerl".
-- Oh boy! -- vosklicaet Majkl Uolduin, vylezaya iz mashiny i prikidyvaya,
v kakom santimetre ot stolba on sumel zatormozit'.
-- Oh boy! -- - smeyutsya Mik s Dzhonom, glyadya, kak na scenu vyhodyat ih
priyateli v kostyumah geroev p'esy "Gamlet".
-- Oh boy! -- A syuda sami dopishite primer. Vklyuchite voobrazhenie!
OTCHEGO I POCHEMU
American English otorvalsya i ushel vpered, v storonu i vbok ot
britanskogo, avstralijskogo, kanadskogo, yuarovskogo i novozelandskogo
"sobrat'ev". A vse potomu, chto v formirovanii American English prinimali
uchastie pochti vse zhiteli Evropy, togda kak Avstraliyu, Novuyu Zelandiyu,
Kanadu, YUzhnuyu Afriku zaselyali preimushchestvenno britancy. Vot tam anglijskij i
sohranil bolee-menee klassicheskoe oblich'e. Nu, a v Amerike... Vnachale v
Severnye SHtaty Ameriki, oficial'nuyu koloniyu Britanskoj imperii, rvanuli
obednevshie nizy Anglii i Irlandii. Anglijskij yazyk stal, takim obrazom,
gosudarstvennym yazykom etih mest. A kogda yanki v konce XVIII veka otdelilis'
ot pryamogo podchineniya britanskoj korone, syuda podalis' i nemcy, i gollandcy,
i shvedy, i ispancy, i nashi s vami zemlyaki. Dlya nemca, gollandca, shveda
ili'irlandca vosproizvesti otkrytyj anglijskij zvuk "a" nevozmozhno, poetomu
oni kak-to bol'she govorili "e". CHto-to uproshchali, a chto-to, naoborot, v
otlichie ot Anglii sohranyali.
IRLANDCY,
kstati, i stali osnovnymi massovikami-zatejnikami mnogih novshestv. Esli
koe-kto dumaet, chto irlandec i anglichanin bliznecy-brat'ya, gluboko
oshibaetsya. Korni u irlandcev voobshche aziatskie. |tot narod -- ih nazyvali
kel'tami -- prishel v Evropu v nezapamyatnye vremena iz Maloj Azii, i yazyk
ego, gel'skij, kotoryj, kstati, malo kto dazhe v Irlandskoj respublikanskoj
armii znaet, bol'she pohozh na tureckij, chem na anglijskij. Irlandcy --
chernyavye, i eto lish' legenda, chto nastoyashchij irlandec ryzhij. Ono, konechno,
pravda, ryzhego mozhno najti i u arabov (araby tozhe zayavlyayut, chto ryzhij arab i
est' nastoyashchij arab), i u gruzin (gruziny govoryat, chto ryzhij gru-
16
zin i est' nastoyashchij gruzin), i u evreev (evrei govoryat, chto ryzhij
evrej i est' istinnyj), a kogda ya v armii sluzhil, tak odin paren' iz
Kazahstana govoril mne, chto nastoyashchie chistye kazahi goluboglazye i...
pravil'no, ugadali, ryzhie, chto ne tak daleko ot istiny. Tak chto irlandcam, s
godami izryadno peremeshavshimsya s pereselencami iz Skandinavii (vikingami),
vse eti anglijskie slova ne ochen' horosho davalis' v proiznoshenii. Oni uzh i
svoj-to yazyk zabrosili (lish' 4 procenta irlandcev vladeyut irlandskim
yazykom), no vot yarko vyrazhennyj akcent sohranili. YA kogda vpervye v SSHA
popal, to po "schastlivoj" sluchajnosti zhil v odnoj komnate s irlandcem. On
govoril tak, kak nash student-pervokursnik, eshche ne proshedshij
vvodno-korrektivnogo kursa anglijskogo yazyka, nabivshij rot kartoshkoj i
pytayushchijsya chto-to skazat' iz uzhe vyuchennogo po uchebniku Arakina. On
(irlandec) ponimal menya, ya ne ponimal ego, no skoro privyk k
17
"kartofel'nomu" akcentu. So storony my smotrelis' veseloj parochkoj --
dva "znatoka". Odin govorit, no nichego ne ponimaet, drugoj vse ponimaet, no
ne mozhet ob®yasnit'; mezhdu prochim, ego dazhe sosedi po Korolevstvu ne vsegda
mogut to understand. Eshche smeshnee to, chto my, v konce koncov, drug k drugu
pristroilis', i ya, slovno press-sekretar' prezidenta, inogda ves'ma
kompetentno ob®yasnyal rebyatam iz Anglii, chto skazal moj tovarishch. A potom on
ob®yasnyal mne, chto zhe oni otvetili.
ANGLICHANE
"Lyudi, chto rabotayut so mnoj, ne umeyut ni pisat' na pravil'nom
anglijskom, ni govorit' na pravil'nom anglijskom",-- zhalovalsya kak-to princ
CHarl'z na svoyu obslugu. No anglichane lish' sarkasticheski usmehalis': "A
sam-to princ pravil'no govorit po-anglijski?". Delo v tom, chto tot
staromodnyj klassicheskij anglijskij, kotorym slavitsya anglijskaya koroleva
(ego eshche nazyvayut Royal English), vrode kak otmer. To obrazovanie, kotoroe
poluchaet vsya korolevskaya rat', imeyut lish' neskol'ko procentov zhitelej
Velikobritanii, a chto do samoj "staroj i dobroj", to tam vovsyu procvetayut
razlichnye dialekty,'odin iz kotoryh -- Estuary English, poluchivshij svoe
nazvanie ottogo, chto na nem govorili na beregah Temzy,-- soderzhit mnogo tak
nazyvaemogo amerikanizma. Tak chto, okazyvayas' v drugih stranah, anglichane s
udivleniem obnaruzhivayut, chto anglijskij v SHvecii, Finlyandii ili Danii, k
primeru, bolee literaturnyj i pravil'nyj, nezheli u "british pipl".
Skandinavy, naskol'ko ya znayu, ochen' gordyatsya "chistoj anglijskoj" podgotovkoj
svoih studentov i vsyacheski izbegayut vsyakih stazhirovok v Amerike, schitaya, chto
yunye otpryski, naslushavshis' yanki, lish' isportyat svoj anglijskij. Po-moemu,
eto strausinaya politika, kotoraya, k schast'yu, na skandinavskih studentah ne
otrazhaetsya -- vvidu otkrytosti i dostupnosti zapadnogo obshchestva; anglijskij
yazyk zdes' vezde: i po radio, i po televideniyu...
V lyuboj strane dazhe samye gibkie metodiki prepodavaniya inostrannyh
yazykov ne uspevayut za bystro menyayushchimsya anglijskim; nasha shkola zdes', uvy,
pletetsya v hvoste. No napadok na svoyu naftalinovuyu sistemu obrazovaniya u
anglichan ne men'she, chem u nas -- na nashu. A to, chto britancy -- po krajnej
mere, 96 procentov iz nih -- davno ushli ot togo anglijskogo, kotoryj uchat v
drugih stranah, i eshche dal'she ot togo, kotoryj uchim my, vy eshche uvidite iz.teh
primerov, chto ya budu davat' po vozmozhnosti v izobilii. U anglichan, hot' oni
i nedolyublivayut amerikancev, vse zhe imeetsya tendenciya sblizheniya s
amerikanskim variantom yazyka. Komu-to eto yavno ne nravitsya, komu-to na eto
plevat', a kto-to etim dazhe dovolen... Takova zhizn'.
18
Kak by tam ni bylo, American English podminaet pod sebya vse ostal'nye
anglijskie yazyki: kanadskij, novozelandskij, britanskij, yuzhnoafrikanskij,
avstralijskij. Ne amerikanskij podstraivaetsya pod britanskij, a naoborot.
Lyuboj anglichanin otvergnet eto gnusnoe utverzhdenie, odnako takova pravda
zhizni.
YA kak-to posporil so svoim odnokashnikom Andreem CHernuho, s kotorym na
kursah sekretarej-referentov v centre zanyatosti i perepodgotovki my
prepodavali anglijskij.. Tak vot my, molodye prepody i vcherashnie studenty,
govorili o tom, kakaya iz variacij anglijskogo predpochtitel'nee i v kakih
sluchayah. Andrej upersya v American English, uveryaya, chto on sejchas tak ili
inache dominiruet vo vsem mire, a ya utverzhdal, chto nichego ne znayushchim ob
anglijskom yazyke zhenshchinam nuzhno davat' klassicheskij oksfordskij, a uzh potom,
mozhet byt', i drugie varianty. YA schital, chto Andrej, nikogda ne byvavshij v
Amerike, dazhe prava ne imeet trogat' American English. Sam zhe ya, tol'ko chto
vernuvshijsya iz SSHA, neozhidanno osramilsya. Mne kazalos', chto ya govoryu
po-anglijski chisto (hotya i ne zadumyvalsya nad nekotorymi melochami tipa
"tomejto" -- pomidor v Anglii tak ne nazyvayut). No vot odin anglichanin,
prochitav
19
moj uvesistyj perevod opisanij komp'yuternyh igr s russkogo na
anglijskij i ne znaya, chto pered nim stoit sam gospodin perevodchik, skazal,
chto tekst emu ponravilsya, hot' i pisal ego amerikanec... YA byl prosto
razdavlen v tot moment. Poluchilos', chto ya ne imeyu prava prepodavat'
oksfordskij, kak i Andrej -- amerikanskij.
Mogu skazat' v zaklyuchenie odno: anglijskij yazyk sovremennoj molodezhi
bolee-menee obshchij blagodarya v osnovnom obshchej kul'ture, rok-muzyke, plotnoj
kommunikacii i tem idealam i kumiram, kotorye, nachinaya s |lvisa Presli (i
poka eshche nikem ne zakanchivaya), ostayutsya obshchej duhovnoj pishchej.
OTCHEGO ZHE ANGLIJSKIJ YAZYK TAKOJ IDIOMATICHESKIJ?!
Esli chestno, to iz izvestnyh nauke yazykov net takih, v kotoryh by
sovsem ne bylo idiom i frazeologicheskih oborotov. No inglish, konechno, oboshel
vseh. Delo v tom, chto po mere vozniknoveniya novyh ponyatij oni, eti ponyatiya,
oboznachalis' uzhe izvestnymi glagolami i sushchestvitel'nymi plyus uzhe
sushchestvuyushchie predlogi i chasticy. Pribav'te dvuznachnost' mnogih slov
anglijskogo yazyka, nad kotoroj sami zhe anglichane, osobenno "Bitlz", v svoe
vremya vvolyu poizdevalis'. Popal odnazhdy Dzhonu Lennonu na glaza katalog po
prodazhe ognestrel'nogo oruzhiya. Ostroumnyj Dzhon srazu zhe predstavil vmesto
reklamy pistoleta zhenshchinu, i poluchilas' vrode kak neplohaya pesnya o lyubvi pod
nazvaniem "Happiness Is A Warm Gun"-- "Schast'e -- eto goryachee oruzhie": "When
I hold you in my palm, when 1 feel my finger on your trigger, I know that
nobody can do me any harm... -- Kogda ya derzhu tebya v svoej ladoni, kogda ya
chuvstvuyu svoj palec na tvoej zastezhke (trigger mozhno perevesti i kak
"kurok", i kak "zastezhka"), to ya znayu, chto nikto mne ne prichinit nichego
plohogo''. I vovse eta pesnya ne pro pistolet, kak odin vedushchij radiostancii
"Bi-|j" perevel: "Schast'e -- eto teplyj pistolet". Da eshche ot sebya dobavil:
"Vot vidite, kakaya bestolkovaya pesnya. Dlya kogo-to schast'e -- eto iz teplogo
pistoleta postrelyat'...". Konechno, di-dzhej ne obyazan znat' anglijskij yazyk
(a pochemu, sobstvenno, ne obyazan?), no vot istoriyu sozdaniya pesni, kotoruyu
osmelilsya kommentirovat', znat' dolzhen. |to tebe ne 1900 god, a 1996-j
(togda byl), i, chtoby perevesti pesnyu ili kakoe-libo nazvanie proizvedeniya,
nuzhno vnachale s soderzhaniem oznakomit'sya. Ibo takov uzh on
NOVYJ ANGLIJSKIJ
Da, rebyata, my zhivem ne v epohu Dzheka Londona i Teodora Drajzera -- ne
znayu, k schast'yu eto ili k sozhaleniyu. My zhivem v epohu
20
Dzhona Lennona, Dzhima Morrisona i drugih rok-poetov i muzykantov,
sovershivshih v shestidesyatyh godah ne tol'ko i ne stol'ko muzykal'nuyu, skol'ko
social'no-kul'turnuyu revolyuciyu, sushchestvenno povliyavshuyu i na anglijskij yazyk.
Mnogie i sejchas nedoocenivayut tu rol', kotoruyu sygrali v obnovlenii yazyka
dvadcatipyatiletnie i dvadcatiletnie patlatye parni, rassmatrivaya ih deyaniya
vsego lish' kak bunt tinejdzherov. Oh uzh eti vsegda nedoocenivayushchie molodoe
pokolenie starcy! Tem ne menee to, chto proishodilo na Zapade v konce
shestidesyatyh -- nachale semidesyatyh, bylo ne chem inym, kak ih perestrojkoj,
iz kotoroj Zapad vyshel bolee demokratichnym, bolee raskovannym, bolee
usovershenstvovannym i bolee zhiznesposobnym. V anglijskij yazyk s legkoj ruki
lyubimyh molodezh'yu kumirov voshli novye krylatye vyrazheniya, i to, chto vchera
schitalos' molodezhnym zhargonom, segodnya stalo normoj. Esli v 1956 godu
amerikanskie televizionshchiki pokazyvali |lvisa Presli v osnovnom vyshe poyasa,
yavno stesnyayas' ego vihlyanij bedrami i nahodya ih izlishne seksual'nymi, esli v
1964 godu v SSHA plastinki "Bitlz" zhgli na kostrah za odnu tol'ko frazu: "My
teper' populyarnee, chem Hristos", esli v 1966 godu rebyat iz "Rolling Stounz"
amerikanskie di-dzhei umolyali kak mozhno nevnyatnej propet': "Davaj vmeste
provedem noch'", to teper' vse izmenilos'. I to, chto proiznosyat i otkalyvayut
na scene Madonna, Majkl Dzhekson i izhe s nimi ( "YA e... tvoyu zadnicu, ty,
krasnosheij chlen... " -- slova iz pesni "Red Hot Chili Peppers" iz al'boma
"Last Hot Minute"), i to, chto krutyat v svoih kinoteatrah amerikancy i chto
govoryat v presse vsyakie znamenitosti, ne vyzyvaet dazhe teni udivleniya...
Otgremel pervyj i poslednij po svoemu gigantskomu razmahu rok-festival'
v Vudstoke (popytka reanimirovat' ego spustya pochti tridcat' let provalilas'
s treskom), v 1974 godu zakonchilas' vojna vo V'etname. Otshumeli molodezhnye
bunty. K seredine semidesyatyh
21
strasti uleglis', hippi vyrosli, postriglis' i zanyalis' ser'eznymi
delami. Dzhon Lennon bol'she ne begal po ulicam s megafonom i plakatami
protesta, a zanimalsya vospitaniem rebenka, to zhe delali i drugie bitly.
Rok-buntarej smenili podslashchennye popsoviki. Messiya amerikanskoj molodezhi
Dzhim Morrison ushel iz zhizni v 1972 godu vsled za Dzhoplin i Hendriksom, nu, a
te, chto ostalis', libo uspokoilis' i ostyli, libo prosto ischezli iz polya
zreniya. Vse vernulos' na krugi svoya. Sami amerikancy posle vseh etih
seks-rok-hippi-revolyucij ne stali, v otlichie ot evropejcev, menee religiozny
i bolee raznuzdanny. No mnogoe vse zhe izmenilos' -- iv iskusstve, i v zhizni
-- dazhe ponimanie svobody slova, kak i samo eto slovo. Te izmeneniya, chto
proizoshli- v yazyke, okazalis' neobratimymi. Novye slova okrepli i zastyli,
kak lava posle izverzheniya vulkana. YAzyk -- samyj luchshij pamyatnik social'nym
potryaseniyam, ego material prochnee kamnya. Dazhe piramida mozhet ruhnut' pod
naporom vetra i stihii, a yazyk stihii ne boitsya.
27
-- Fuck! Why did yak not shoot?! -- Blin! Pochemu ty ne strelyal?!
-- oret na molodogo soldata serzhant Timoti Timpson posle togo, kak ego
vzvod s trudom, no vse zhe otbilsya ot v'etkongovcev.
-- I was pretty fucked up. It's my first combat... -- |to moj pervyj
boj. V kakoj-to moment ya pryamo ofonarel,-- otvechaet novobranec.
-- You never accomplish anything cause you fuck around so much! -- Ty
nikogda nichego ne mozhesh' dovesti do konca, potomu kak razgvozdyaj!
-- uprekaet Mik svoego druga Dzhona.
hochet vypit' i voobshche neploho provesti vecher, ottyanut'sya, odnim slovom,
s sushchestvom protivopolozhnogo pola. Screw i fuck chasto vystupayut kak
sinonimy.
Tak, grubo broshennye frazy you fuck me down i you screw me down
oznachayut, primerno, chto sobesednik (esli ego tak mozhno nazvat') vas zatrahal
.
Screw up imeet dva znacheniya v amerikanskom slenge. Pervoe -- vnesti
sumyaticu, naportachit', vse isportit'. Naprimer:
Komissaru privodyat glavnogo kaznacheya Obshchestva slepyh, kotoryj poddelal
buhgalterskij otchet i... popalsya, golubchik.
-- CHto on natvoril? -- sprashivaet serzhant Holduin, glyadya, kak vora
vyvodyat iz kabineta v naruchnikah.
-- This dude screwed up the accounts of the Blind Society. -- |tot
pridurok naportachil s otchetom Obshchestva slepyh. Dumal, chto esli oni slepye,
to ne zametyat...
Vtoroe znachenie screw up -- dokonat', dovesti do
nervnogo sryva kogo-nibud', zakolebat'...
28
Primer.
futbol'nyj match mezhdu "Tigrami "i "Serymi YAstrebami". "Tigry"
perenervnichali nakanune, opasayas' dostatochno sil'noj komandy protivnika.
Dejstvitel'no, oni okazalis' slabee i pochti proigrali, no vot, v konce
matcha, vospol'zovavshis' blagodushiem "yastrebov", "tigry" delayut dva tachdauna
i, provedya ekstra-udar; uzhe na ochko operezhayut "hoksov", a v itoge s
likovaniem pobezhdayut. Dzhejn pervaya brosilas' obnimat' Mika i Dzhona.
-- Pochemu vy zastavili nas vseh tak volnovat'sya? -- vosklicaet ona.-- I
was hardly screwed up! -- YA chut' ne rehnulas'!
-- You were screwed up?-- CHut' ne rehnulas'?-- usmehaetsya Mik, ubiraya
so lba sputavshiesya mokrye volosy.-- Did you see how they screwed us up in
the first two quarters? -- A ty videla, kak oni nas prodrali v pervyh dvuh
chetvertyah?
Screw around -- bit' baklushi, valyat' duraka, porot'
chush', voron schitat' -- i po-anglijski zvuchit grubovato.
-- Get up! -- Podnimajtes'! -- rychit serzhant Timpson na soldat svoego
vzvoda, sidyashchih bez dela.-- Your screw around is over! -- Vashe valyanie
duraka zakonchilos'!
I mucheniya nashi so slovom "skryu" tozhe zakonchilis'. Rad, esli vy
chto-nibud' usvoili, i vdvojne rad, esli net, potomu chto ne lyublyu rugat'sya, a
segodnya -- kak-to tak vot poluchilos' -- my sploshnye rugatel'stva prohodili.
UROKI VEZHLIVOSTI
Imidzh strany ili naroda ochen' chasto dalek ot dejstvitel'nosti. Svoj
imidzh Amerika sozdaet vpolne professional'no i celenapravlenno/sobiraya vse
samoe horoshee, chto est' ne tol'ko v Amerike, no i vo vsem mire. Kto on
takoj, k primeru, tipichnyj amerikanec? Lihoj kovboj? Rembo? Nichego
podobnogo. |to obyknovennyj spokojnyj neskol'ko religioznyj paren' (inogda
tolstyj). Ochen' VEZHLIVYJ, mezhdu prochim. I esli na diskoteke vy uzhe vdovol'
poobshchalis' s mestnymi "ellochkami-lyudoedochkami", to davajte pouchimsya i dal'she
govorit' s amerikancami na ih yazyke.
Nachnem so slov sorry i excuse me, kotorye perevodyatsya kak "izvinite",
no upotreblyayutsya eti slova po-raznomu. Nam ni v shkole, ni v institute
pochemu-to tolkom ne ob®yasnyayut, kogda zhe govorit' sorry, a kogda excuse te. A
vse, v principe, dostatochno prosto -- proshche parenoj repy. Excuse
me vy govorite togda, kogda tol'ko sobiraetes' obratit'sya s
voprosom k komu-to libo projti mimo kogo-to, chuvstvuya.
29
chto mozhete zadet' cheloveka loktem, kolenom ili zhe vsem korpusom. Nu, a
sorry vy govorite togda, kogda vse eto tol'ko chto
prodelali, t.e. tolknuli, zadeli, nastupili, uronili, razbili, oprokinuli...
-- Excuse me.-- cedit skvoz' zuby komissar Le Peshen i, tak kak ochen'
toropitsya na otvetstvennoe sobranie, nachinaet ob®ezzhat' pletushchijsya vperedi
"b'yuik" pozhiloj ledi.
-- Sorry! -- krichit komissar, kogda ego lihoj manevr ne udalsya i on
svoej mashinoj zadevaet dvercu "b'yuika ".
Sorry u nih govoryat takzhe vmesto nashego "spasibo", kogda ono idet v
otvet na "bud'te zdorovy" (eto esli vy chihnuli). A ih "bud'te zdorovy" --
eto bless you, kotoroe amerikancy proiznosyat kak
"blesh yu". Uchtite: oni voobshche chasto vmesto dvojnogo
"s" govoryat "sh", a vmesto
"z" -- "zh". Nu, a teper' davajte
ponablyudaem.
Bogatyj dom srednego amerikanca. Obaldenno ukrashennyj imeninnyj stol,
gde poseredine stoit umopomrachitel'nyj tort, v kotorom goryat semnadcat'
svechej. Parni vo frakah i s babochkami. Devushki radostno raspevayut: "Happy
birthday to you, happy birthday to you, happy birthday dear Rebecca, happy
birthday to yo u ". Dumayu, ne stoit perevodit' etu "russkuyu " tradicionnuyu
pesnyu, kotoruyu my chasto poem imeninnikam. Da, Rebekke semnadcat' let.
Rebekka -- belokuryj angel, vasha sosedka, na kotoruyu vy tak vozhdelenno
smotrite. No chto-to shchekochet u vas v nosu, i vy chihaete tak, chto ne tol'ko
zaduvaete za Rebekku vse svechi, no i belym kremom zabryzgivaete vseh
okruzhayushchih.
-- Bless you, -- ulybaetsya vam belokuryj angel.
-- Sorry, -- smushchenno ulybaetes' vy.
-- You are welcome, -- otvechaet vam Rebekka, chto perevoditsya
30
uzhe kak "vsegda pozhalujsta, milosti prosim".
Da, rebyata, zabud'te vse eti not at all i for pleasure, chto my uchim v
shkole. Na ih thank you otvechajte luchshe vsego welcome ili you're welcome.
Mozhno sure, a esli vy v bolee-menee molodezhnom obshchestve nahodites', to ne
greh i OK skazat'.
My s drugom zabludilis' v Brukline (N'yu-Jork-siti), razyskivaya
tovarishcha, kotoryj na polgoda ran'she nas priehal v SSHA na rabotu. I vot,
izmuchennye palyashchim solncem n'yujorkshchiny, my nazyvaem tolstyaku, popivayushchemu
dzhus u krylechka svoego uhozhennogo doma. adres pridurochnogo tovarishcha, a
priyatel' nash. kak potom okazalos', oshibsya i v sobstvennom nomere doma, i v
indekse, i v nazvanii ulicy... Tolstyak ves'ma dobrozhelatel'no (chto stranno
dlya nas, poka eshche ne privykshih -- shel vsego tretij den' prebyvaniya v SHtatah
-- k ih nravam) ob®yasnyaet, chto takogo doma zdes' vovse pet i nikogda ne bylo
i chto my, veroyatno, oshiblis'.
-- Anyway thank you. -- Spasibo, tem ne menee,-- blagodarim my ego.
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-- You are welcome.-- ulybaetsya v otvet tolstyak, i moya pervaya reakciya:
nas priglashayut zajti. A tak kak ya hochu pit' i voobshche spryatat'sya v ten', to
chut' bylo ne soglashayus'. Vot by lazhanulsya!
-- Thank you a lot! -- Ogromnoe spasibo! -- blagodarit Mik Dzhona za
ochen' svoevremennyj i tochnyj pas, privedshij k tachdaunu.
-- Sure. -- Pozhalujsta, -- kivaet v otvet Dzhon.
Eshche sure ispol'zuetsya i kak "konechno" i kuda chashche
vstrechaetsya, chem of course:
Instruktor ob®yasnyaet vam pravila parkovki avtomobilya. Vy nichego ne
ponyali. no na vopros instruktora-polismena "Did you get it? -- Vy vse
ponyali?" otvechaete: "Sure!-- Konechno!".
Of course bez yes zvuchit neskol'ko rezkovato. A vot ih
"shue" horosho i bez yes. Nu, a v rodnom institute my
prohodili sure tol'ko v smysle "byt' uverennym" -- to be sure.
No davajte vernemsya na vecherinku k Rebekke. Sejchas ya vas nauchu
znakomit'sya s devchonkami po-anglijski.
Znachit tak: vas, po legende, zovut... m-m-m-m... Kak zhe vas zovut? Nu
pust' |rnestom. Vy govorite Rebekke:
-- Hi!
I ulybaetes', krasneya.
"Haj"-- eto kratkoe "privet".
-- Hi, -- luchezarno ulybaetsya vam Rebekka.
-- My name is Ernest, -- predstavlyaetes' vy, ibo imeninnica vas yavno ne
znaet, kak ne znaet polovinu gostej. -- Nice to meet you, Rebecca.
-- Nice to meet you, Ernest,-- ulybaetsya v otvet devushka.
Poslednie dve frazy doslovno perevodyatsya "krasivo vas vstretit'", no ih
mozhno i nuzhno perevesti kak nashe "ochen' priyatno". V Anglii v takie momenty
inogda govoryat how do you do, chto ne yavlyaetsya voprosom tipa "kak pozhivaete?"
i ne trebuet nikakogo otveta, mol, vse o'kej. Vam skazali how do you do, i
vy otvetili how do you do. Na tom "incident" ischerpan.
Nu vot, a vy, tem vremenem, poznakomilis' s simpatichnoj devushkoj...
Esli uzh nabirat'sya vezhlivosti, to v pervuyu ochered' nuzhno nauchit'sya
zdorovat'sya. Dumaete, eto legko? A vot i net. Procedura eta, mezhdu prochim,
dlya nashego cheloveka pokazhetsya s neprivychki dazhe ochen' gromozdkoj.
Dumayu, vy uzhe bolee-menee znaete, kak prinyato zdorovat'sya po-anglijski.
Estestvenno: "Hello!". (Kstati, u etogo slova est' i dva
32
drugih vpolne pravil'nyh varianta napisaniya: hullo i hallo. Mozhno eshche
govorit' hi. Ili panibratski, druzheski -- hey.)
-- Hey, Jonney,-- privetstvuet druga Mik.
-- Hi. commish, how are you,-- govorit serzhant Holduin. vhodya v
kabinet.
A vot kak pravil'no oficial'no zdorovat'sya.
-- Good morning!-- privetstvuet vas vash amerikanskij kollega --
dopustim, mister Dzhekson -- i ulybaetsya pri etom svoej belozuboj
gollivudskoj ulybkoj.
-- Good morning! -- otvechaete vy, tozhe staratel'no ulybayas'.
-- How are you! -- dalee privetstvuet vas amerikanec.
-- I am fine. thank you. And how are you? -- otvechaete vy, prodolzhaya
ulybat'sya.
-- I am fine too, thanks,-- ne merknet ulybka mistera Dzheksona.
Vrode by nichego trudnogo v etom vezhlivom akte obmena privetstviyami net.
No vot predstav'te, chto amerikancy zdorovayutsya rovno stol'ko, skol'ko
vstrechayut drug druga v techenie dnya. Esli etot samyj mister Dzhekson prohodit
mimo vas pyatnadcat' raz, to stol'ko raz i nado rastyagivat' guby v ulybke i
sprashivat', kak on pozhivaet. Dlya nas, neotesannyh severyan, potomkov groznyh
varyagov, dikih kochevnikov i slavyanskih bogatyrej, etot process s neprivychki
kazhetsya zhutko utomitel'nym i izdevatel'ski negumannym. Mnogie ne vyderzhivayut
i vozvrashchayutsya na rodinu, gde ih tela s blazhenstvom pogruzhayutsya v privychnuyu
atmosferu: vse tolkayutsya loktyami, nastupayut na nogi, materyat, ne izvinyayutsya
i krichat pri etom "kuda presh'!". Rajskoe naslazhdenie!
Nu, a chto kasaetsya raznyh proshchanij, to izvestnyj vsem po uchebnikam good
bye kak-to sovsem ne vstrechaetsya v razgovornom yazyke;
pohozhe, ego mesto zanyal see you -- eto chto-to vrode nashego "poka". A ot
good bye ostalos' odno lish' okonchanie bye, vot ego mozhno chasto slyshat'.
Mozhno eshche govorit' see you later -- "poka, uvidimsya pozzhe" . Est' v
anglijskom yazyke dazhe takaya shutochnaya pripevka-prigovorka: "See you later,
aligator; after while, crocodile", kotoruyu ya bolee ili menee skladno perevel
by tak: "Poka, krokodil; chao, gamadril". Izvinite. S detstva s poeziej ne v
ladah byl. Bye, guys. See yah. (Yah -- ja -- eto razgovornyj variant you,
tak chto ne dumajte, chto ne znayushchie anglijskogo naborshchiki oshiblis').
33
34
ran'she slilis' s romanizirovannym kel'tskim naseleniem Gallii, i eto
sliyanie porodilo francuzskij yazyk.) Ot germancev-frankov ostalsya akcent --
kartavoe "r", a ot kel'tov -- nosovoe" "n". V 1066 godu romanizirovannye
normanny iz Normandii vo glave s Vil'gel'mom, kotorogo pozzhe prozvali
Zavoevatelem, desantirovalis' .na anglijskij bereg dlya bor'by s konkurentami
na prestol. Vot tak togda prohodili predvybornye kampanii -- kto kogo
pob'et. Zavoevav Angliyu, normanny sdelali francuzskij yazyk oficial'nym
yazykom anglijskogo korolevstva. Franciya v tu poru byla samaya kul'turno
razvitaya strana Zapadnoj Evropy, i mnogie ponyatiya, osobenno iz oblasti
iskusstva, v anglijskom yazyke dazhe ne sushchestvovali. Vot kogda nachalsya
usilennyj eksport francuzskih slov v anglijskij. Ih teper' v anglijskoj
leksike, po raznym ocenkam, ot 50 do 70 procentov! Po etomu povodu
nekotorymi lingvistami dazhe predprinimalis' popytki peretashchit' anglijskij
yazyk iz germanskoj gruppy v gruppu romanskih yazykov. No ne vyshlo. Ibo korni
anglijskogo vse zhe ostalis' germanskimi. A francuzskie slova proiznosyatsya
anglichanami vse zhe na svoj, anglijskij, maner. Vot pochemu stol' velika
raznica mezhdu tem, KAK my pishem i KAK proiznosim to, chto pishem po-anglijski.
Vidite, skol'ko shuma i izmenenij, v osnovnom pozitivnyh, sotvorili
neugomonnye belokurye moreplavateli. I mne ne sovsem ponyatno, pochemu ob etom
otkryto i. chestno pishut vse zapadnye istoriki i tak tshchatel'no skryvayut nashi.
V uchebnike sovetskogo perioda -- "Istorii SSSR" -- o Ryurike pochemu-to dazhe
ne upominalos'. Vidimo, schitalos' krajne neudachnym to, chto pervoe slavyanskoe
gosudarstvo obyazano svoim poyavleniem i nazvaniem vikingam-germancam. |ta
inerciya, kak ni stranno, dejstvuet i ponyne. Nekij Vitaut CHaropka v svoej
knige "Imya u letapisu" (Mn., Polymya, 1994) vsyacheski manipuliruet etimi
samymi imenami, lish' by, ne daj Bog, oni ne byli varyazhskimi. Avtor dazhe
obvinyaet letopiscev (!) v ih bujnoj fantazii za to, chto oni, podlecy,
nazyvayut Ryurika, ego rod i druzhinu normannami, chto oni opisyvayut, kak
slavyane i finny prizvali s ostrova Gotland vnuka poslednego slavnogo
starejshiny Novograda Gostomysla Ryurika (ego mat', starshaya doch' Gostomysla,
vyshla zamuzh za varyaga-rusa) povelevat' zemlyami krivichej, novgorodskih slavyan
i finskih plemen ves' i chud'. Po mneniyu CHaropki, Ryurik byl slavyaninom (chto,
pravda, avtor nichem ne podtverzhdaet), a brat'ya normannskogo konunga Sineus i
Truvar -- eto prosto oshibka letopisca v perevode so shvedskogo vyrazhenij
"svoj rod" i "vernaya druzhina" (chto, kstati, svidetel'stvuet v pol'zu togo
fakta, chto Ryurik priehal so svoimi lyud'mi imenno iz-za morya). Vot tol'ko
zachem nado bylo
35
perevodit' so shvedskogo "chisto slavyanskie razborki", avtor ne
ob®yasnyaet, kak ne ob®yasnyaet, pochemu zhe novoispechennyj "slavyanin" Ryurik nosil
skandinavskoe imya i pochemu strana krivichej, novgorodskih slavyan, polyan i
finskih plemen ves' i chud' stala nazyvat'sya Rus'yu (tipichno skandinavskoe
slovo; eto mozhno legko proverit' po sovremennomu finskomu i estonskomu
yazykam, v kotoryh do sih por SHveciya nazyvaetsya "zemlej rusov, Ili rosov" --
Ruotsi). K svedeniyu, u yazychnikov slavyan i vikingov, kak i u
severoamerikanskih indejcev, imena tak i perevodilis': Svoj Rod, Vernyj
Voin, Metkij Glaz, Bol'shoj Zmej... Amerikancy, anglichane, francuzy gordyatsya
tem, chto v sozdanii ih nacij prinimali uchastiya mnogie narodnosti. Nam by
tozhe gordit'sya, chto u slavyan uzhe v te vremena bylo takoe vysokorazvitoe
obshchestvo, krupnye goroda (Novgorod, Staraya Ladoga, kotoruyu slavyane i
varyagi-rusy stroili vmeste, Smolensk, Polock, Kiev...), chto syuda, kak pchely
na med, sletalis' kupcy i voiny iz perenaselennoj Skandinavii, gde togda ne
sushchestvovalo dazhe predposylok dlya postroeniya svoego korolevstva, tak kak ne
bylo krupnyh gorodov. U nas zhe eshche nahodyatsya slavyanofily, kotorye vo chto by
to ni stalo hotyat verit', chto Rogvolod, pervyj iz izvestnyh polockih knyazej,
byl vse-taki slavyaninom, a ne varyagom, kak eto zapisano v letopisi!
Letopisec, konechno, utverzhdaet, chto on priplyl, iz-za morya. A vdrug on
vnachale uplyl za eto samoe more, a potom vernulsya? Proverit' ved' nel'zya. V
konce koncov, kto skazal, chto to, chto napisano perom, ne vyrubit' toporom?!
Primerno tak i dejstvuet CHaropka.
'I po takim vot knizhkam uchatsya nashi deti.
No vernemsya k razvitiyu anglijskogo yazyka. Dany, ili datchane, eshche ne raz
napadali na Angliyu i odnazhdy (do Vil'gel'ma) dazhe zahvatili vsyu ee vostochnuyu
chast', obrazovav oblast' "datskogo prava". Schitaetsya, chto anglichane mnogo
slov unasledovali ot skandinavov, no lichno ya v eto ne veryu. Te, kto tak
govoryat, prosto zabyvayut, chto proishozhdenie anglijskogo yazyka takzhe imeet
skandinavskie korni (angly byli pradedami danov) i mnogie slova sushchestvovali
eshche do "datskogo prava". S XIII veka po nashe vremya shlo usilennoe
preobrazovanie ustnogo anglijskogo yazyka, kotoroe, uvy, tak i ne
otobrazilos' na pis'me. |to eshche odna prichina togo, pochemu sushchestvuet takaya
bol'shaya raznica mezhdu tem, kak my po-anglijski pishem,-- Manchester, k
primeru,-- a chitaem pri etom Liverpul'... Ne eto li posluzhilo povodom dlya
togo, chto v nastoyashchee vremya molodezh' usilenno pol'zuetsya vsyakimi
sokrashcheniyami i chasto pishet U vmesto you, 2 vmesto to, nite vmesto night,
program vmesto programme! A that u nih prosto Z. Takaya vot reakciya na
yazykovye slozhnosti.
36
Na kuhne lagerya Aldersgejt ya rabotal s Kregom, zheltovolosym parnishkoj,
shutlivym, ulybchivym i lyubveobil'nym, stil'no porezavshim svoyu majku v
bahromu. "Hej, Mikki!" -- privetstvoval on menya vsyakij raz, zahodya na •
kuhnyu, gde ya, v otlichie ot nego, uzhe chetyre chasa vertelsya kak belka v
kolese. Mne nravilsya Kreg, s nim ya chuvstvoval sebya kak so svoimi inyazovskimi
druz'yami. S nim mozhno bylo govorit', ne stesnyayas', na vse temy. No vot uzh
eti amerikancy! Mestnye devchonki s gordost'yu mne govorili: "Kreg -- tipichnyj
amerikanec".--
"Togda on i tipichnyj russkij",-- otvechal ya im, a pro sebya dumal, chto
etogo "tipichnogo amerikanca" ya vstretil lish' na tretij mesyac prebyvaniya v
Amerike. Vot uzh poistine vse yanki ubezhdeny, chto vse samoe luchshee -- u nih...
No eto priskazka. Kak-to Kreg uvidel moj sportivnyj luk, na kotoryj ya, chtoby
ne sputat' svoyu veshch' s drugimi, prikleil "lejblu" s imenem i familiej na
anglijskom i nadpis'yu "URS" -- sokrashchennoe oboznachenie USSR (SSSR). Kreg
rassmeyalsya.
-- My tak sokrashchenno pishem you are ass (ty -- zadnica), -- skazal on
mne.
YA posmotrel. Dejstvitel'no, sovpadaet...
Sejchas v sovremennom anglijskom yazyke modno sokrashchat' vse, chto
poddaetsya sokrashcheniyu. Anglijskij yazyk, i bez togo otlichayushchijsya
Lakonichnost'yu, dostatochno uverenno i bez sozhaleniya raspravlyaetsya s dlinnymi
i ne ochen' dlinnymi slovami. Tak ih dinosaurus, armoured, termination,
graduate, technological, exhibition, exposition, doctor, fabulous,
psychopath, demonstration, criminal, homosexual i mnogie drugie
prevratilis', sootvetstvenno, v dino, armo, termo, grad, techno, exhibit,
expo, doc, fab, psycho, demo, crim. homo... Dlinnye slova zamenyayutsya
korotkimi. Nevertheless v razgovornom aktivnom yazyke ne ispol'zuetsya sovsem,
ustupiv mesto bolee kratkim i ponyatnym but ili though. A slovo ecstasy
preobrazovalos' v prostorechie xtc. |ta tendenciya, a takzhe zamena slov
zaglavnymi bukvami byli sprovocirovany v vos'midesyatye gody v osnovnom
rok-gruppami, kotorye v svoih nazvaniyah sokrashchali vse i vsya.
37
-- Dzhon! Brosaj k chertu svoj bejsbol! My opazdyvaem na parti k Dzhudi!--
v uzhase krichit Mik, vzglyanuv na chasy.
-- Oh, shit! (eto slovo my uzhe prohodili),-- Dzhon bystro vskakivaet v
shtany, i oba druga letyat na "forde " Mika k podruge.
-- Hi, boys! -- luchezarno ulybaetsya Dzhudi svoim priyatelyam.-- Vy chut' ne
opozdali,
-- O, eto Dzhon vse ne mog otorvat'sya ot matcha po "Ti-Vi",--
opravdyvaetsya Mik i, uvidev rasstegnuvshiesya bryuki Dzhona, ronyaet negromko: --
Dzhon. eks-uaj-zet...
Hm, chto zhe eto za shifrovka takaya: "XYZ"? Examine -- prover'; your --
svoj; zipper -- zamok na bryukah.
Da, iz-za dliny i gromozdkosti nekotoryh anglijskih slov (pomnite
francuzskoe nasledstvo?) vse chashche i chashche molodoe pokolenie rubit s plecha:
vmesto you pishet prosto U (proiznoshenie odno i to zhe), a vmesto chasticy to
-- prosto 2... Tak chto vse eti nazvaniya rok-grupp-- "U2", "INXS", "U96"-- ne
prosto abbreviatury. V nih skryt i vtoroj smysl: "U2" chitaj "You two" ("Vy
oba") ili "You too" ("Ty tozhe").
"Nothing compares 2U" (vmesto to you) prochital ya v hit-parade nazvanie
pesni SHinnejd O'Konnor. I nikakogo nameka na irlandskuyu gruppu, kak
nekotorye dumayut, tut net. "INXS" mozhno ponimat' i kak "In exess" ili "In
access"-- "V izbytke, v dostatke, v navare"; ili zhe -- "Dostupnye",
"Razreshennye"... "U96" -- kak "You nighty sex" ("Ty, nochnoj seks"), potomu
chto slova six i sex, k primeru, u amerikancev zvuchat odinakovo -- "seks".
Pohozhaya petrushka proizoshla v Amerike i so slovom night (vecher, noch'),
kotoroe ekonomnye racionalizatory amerikancy uzhe davno i s uspehom pishut kak
nite.
Amerikancy bez sozhaleniya izbavlyayutsya ot lishnih bukv, kotorye ne
proiznosyatsya. K primeru, humour (yumor) v ih variante budet bez vtoroj bukvy
"u", a programme-- program... Anglichane starayutsya ne otstavat', no delayut
vse naoborot: nachinayut chitat' te bukvy, kotorye ran'she ignorirovali. Tak v
slove often (chasto) oni uzhe proiznosyat bukvu "I". Amerikancy zhe v etom
sluchae sdelali by naoborot
-- stali by pisat' ne often, a ofen. Nu vot, esli vy hot' chto-nibud'
usvoili, to togda, navernyaka, legko prochitaete frazu I love u 4 ever. Nu
kak? Prochitali? Esli da, to vot eshche odno sokrashchenie. Po-moemu, ves'ma vazhnoe
v povsednevnoj zhizni.
Mik i Dzhon vvalivayutsya v dom, vytiraya posle dolgoj igry v bejsbol
vzmokshie lica.
-- O, nam pis'mo! -- Mik podnimaet s pola dlinnyj konvert u izvlekaet
iz nego rozovyj list bumagi. -- "Dorogie Mik i Dzhon,--
38
nachinaet chitat' on,-- priglashayu vas na parti, kotoraya sostoitsya zavtra
v shest' chasov u menya doma. Iskrenne vasha -- Dzhudi. P.S. B.Y.O.B.". Kak tebe
priglashenie? -- povorachivaetsya Mik k Dzhonu.
-- Bi-uaj-ou-bi? -- peresprashivaet Dzhon, nahmuriv lob, i tut zhe
soobrazhaet: -- Oh, yeah, I got it. -- O, da, vrubilsya!
Vo chto zhe vrubilsya Dzhon? V. Y.O.B. -- eto sokrashchenie ot Bring your own
bottle -- prinosite svoyu butylku. Takie B.Y.O.B. chasto pishut na vsyakih
priglasheniyah, i togda kazhdyj prihodit so svoej poddachej. Konechno, eto, mozhet
byt', ne sovsem pravil'no, no nashi studenty, zhivushchie v nashih usloviyah i s
nashimi cenami, mogut perenyat' podobnoe. Tol'ko pishite ne V. Y.O.B., a K.P.B.
-- kazhdyj prinosit butylku; ili K.P.S.S. -- kazhdyj prinosit s soboj. Korotko
i yasno.
Primer vtoroj.
Bill davno sobiraet kompromat na nevernuyu zhenu. I vot, nakonec,
vyslezhivaet ee na plyazhe Brajton Bich s kakim-to ne ponyatym u sebya na rodine
ocherednym parnem iz Rossii.
-- I got you,-- ulybaetsya Bill, shchelkaya zatvorom... fotoapparata, kogda
ego nevernaya zhena Helen zahoditsya zatyazhnym poceluem s somnitel'nym
"avtoritetom russkoj emigracii".
Sejchas I got you budet oznachat' "vot ty i popalas'", "vot ya tebya i
zastukal", "nakryl tebya, golubushku" i dal'she v etom zhe duhe. Poetomu,
rebyata, nikogda ne govorite "aj gach yu" svoemu sobesedniku, imeya v vidu, chto
vy ego ponyali. Govorite I got it, ne oshibetes'.
Primer tretij. Pol provozhaet Dzhejn i
u dverej ee skromnogo dvuhetazhnogo do-
41
mika s sadom i bassejnom pyat' na pyat' yardov, teryayas' i krasneya,
bormochet:
-- 1 love you, Jane. I love you since the first day I got you. -- YA
lyublyu tebya, Dzhejn. YA lyublyu tebya s pervogo dnya, kogda obrel tebya.
V etom kontekste, kak vidno, to get s odushevlennym licom kontachit v
pozitivnom smysle. Paren', govoryashchij svoej devushke you got te ili I got you,
imeet v vidu "ya obrel tebya -- ty obrela menya; ya nashel tebya -- ty nashlas'; ya
poluchil tebya ( ne po pochte, razumeetsya)" i t.d. Nu, dumayu, chto vy tozhe got
it.
To get aktivno ispol'zuetsya i v znachenii "nastuplenie, priblizhenie".
7967 god. Pol Makkartni vyshel iz avtomobilya i, shvativ s zemli palku,
pobezhal, uvlekaya za soboj svoyu sobaku Martu. SHCHuryas' na vesennem solnce.Pol,
glyadya, kak rezvitsya ego bobik, ulybnulsya sam sebe: "It's getting better. --
Stanovitsya luchshe".
Kovboi Dzhon i Bill stoyat pod goroj. Dzhon prikalyvaetsya, govorya, chto
vidit visyashchego al'pinista, zacepivshegosya shtanami za utes. Bill polchasa
staraetsya razglyadet' nesushchestvuyushchego al'pinista. Dzhon uzhe ne rad svoej shutke
i chut' ne plachet:
-- Come on. Billy. I said there's no climber over there. I was kidding
you. It's getting too dark. -- Nu davaj zhe, Billi. Govoryu zhe, net tam
nikakogo al'pinista, ya tebya razygral. Stanovitsya slishkom temno!
Esli chestno, to temno uzhe davno, i s trudom vidno dazhe samu goru,
poetomu Bill govorit Dzhonu:
-- I sap't see nobody over there. Too dark. I need to get closer. --
Nikogo tam ne vizhu. Slishkom temno. Mne nuzhno podojti poblizhe.
To get closer -- "priblizhat'sya". It's getting dark -- "temneet". It's
getting better -- "stanovitsya luchshe" (o pogode i obo vsem prochem drugom). Iz
primera takzhe vidno, chto v razgovornom anglijskom uzhe davno i uspeshno
obosnovalos' tak nazyvaemoe dvojnoe otricanie: I can't see nobody vmesto I
can see nobody.
Missis Vanderbilt govorit muzhu, chto oni bol'she nikogda ne smogut
zastavit' Dzhonni pribirat'sya v svoej komnate:
-- Ne got the government to declare it a wildness area. -- On vynudil
pravitel'stvo ob®yavit' ego komnatu zapovednoj zonoj.
Vidite, teper' nash to get oznachaet "zastavit', dobit'sya, ustroit'..."
To get somebody to do something -- "zastavit' kogo-to sdelat' chto-to". Mozhno
i tak nazvat' etu kombinaciyu.
42
Nu, a esli vas vse eshche interesuyut sluchai, kogda to get zamenyaet drugie
glagoly, to posmotrite eto slovo v slovare. Tam vy najdete eshche massu
interesnejshih nyuansov i celyh sem' znachenij vyrazheniya to get it. Vprochem,
takoj mnogoznachnyj i protivorechivyj ne tol'ko get, no i ne menee lakonichnyj
dig. O nem i pojdet nizhe rech'.
43
rolling stone, o chem podrobno pogovorim cherez urok ). Vot pochemu bitly
upotrebili slovo dig, kotoroe tozhe mozhet sojti za "polyubit', nravit'sya".
Zaputanno? |to uzh tochno. No kogda znakom so slengom, to vse eti hitrosti tut
zhe vyhodyat naruzhu.
Mik i Dzhon vpervye na gornolyzhnoj baze, kuda ih zatashchila Dzhejn, kotoraya
ezdila v gory v proshlom godu i bez uma ot etogo vida sporta.
-- |to legko! -- krichit devushka svoim druz'yam, robko szhimayushchim lyzhnye
palki na krutom snezhnom sklone.-- Smotrite, kak delayu ya, i starajtes' vse
dvizheniya povtoryat'! I vam ponravitsya!
Ona ottalkivaetsya, edet, no... spotykaetsya, padaet i, kuvyrkayas',
katitsya vniz.
-- You dig, man? -- Tebe eto ponravilos', paren'? -- povorachivaet Dzhoi
svoi solncezashchitnye ochki k Miku.
U glagola to dig est' vtoroe znachenie:
"ponimat'".
-- I don't dig it. -- CHto-to ya ne vrubayus' vo vse eto,-- otbrasyvaet
Mik uchebnik po grecheskoj filosofii.
Takim obrazom u vysheupomyanutoj pesni "Bitlz" "Dig it" vyrastaet i
tretij smysl: vrubis'...
A vot v kachestve sushchestvitel'nogo a dig upotreblyaetsya kak "seks".
Posmotrite sleduyushchij primer:
Diskoteka v kolledzhe. Pul'siruet svetomuzyka, i grohochut dinamiki. Dzhon
probiraetsya cherez tancuyushchuyu tolpu k prygayushchemu pod muzyku Miku i krichit emu
na uho, perekryvaya raskaty repa:
-- Vidish' von tu zhguchuyu bryunetku v klassnoj yubchonke?
-- Da! Klass.devchonka! Ty se znaesh'?
-- Ee zovut Petti. Tol'ko chto Dzhejn poznakomila,-- govorit Dzhon, prygaya
vmeste s Mikom i ulybayas' Petti, kotoraya regulyarno poglyadyvaet v ih storonu.
-- Guys say she is an easy dig. -- Rebyata pogovarivayut, chto ona
trahaetsya, kak shvejnaya mashinka.
An easy dig -- eto chto-to tipa "legkogo seksa", esli doslovno
perevesti.
No prodolzhim dal'she kopat' nashe slovo "kopat'". Posmotrim, chto stanet s
nim, esli k dig pribavit' predlogi in, up i out.
Itak, dig in -- "okopat'sya".
Polevye ucheniya U.S.Army. Kapitan Dzho Maknejl stoit na odnom 44
kolene s planshetom i, razvorachivaya kartu, podzyvaet k sebe serzhanta
Timoti Timpsona.
-- Vidite etot treklyatyj most cherez reku? -- obrashchaetsya kapitan k
Timoti.
-- Da. ser.
-- The very fucking place where we must dig in. -- Vot to samoe chertovo
mesto, gde my dolzhny okopat'sya.
Teper' vtoroj primer, no situaciya drugaya, bolee mirnaya, ya by skazal.
Mik vstrechaet Dzhejn.
-- Privet! Kak tam Dzhon sdal ekzamen?-- sprashivaet Dzhejn Mika.-- On
ved' tak dolgo nichego ne uchil.
-- Vse normal'no,-- mashet rukoj Mik.-- John dug in and passed all
quickly.
|to znachit: Dzhon zasel za uchebu (okopalsya, odnim slovom), ushel v rabotu
s golovoj i vse bystro sdal. Vidite, teper' dig in budet perevoditsya kak
"ujti v rabotu, v uchebu", a ne "ryt' okopy pod palyashchim solncem", chto,
pover'te mne, krajne nepriyatno.
Eshche dig in mozhet oznachat' signal k pogloshcheniyu pishchi.
Za stolom sidyat: kovboj Bill, ego sosed Dzhon, zhena Billa, ego troe
malen'kih synovej i dve dochki. Stol nakryt.
-- O'kay, guys. Dig in,-- govorit hozyain, chto oznachaet: nu, rebyatki,
pristupajte...
45
Dig out --
"otkopat'" -- v smysle otyskat'.
Kovboi Bill i Dzhon vstrechayutsya utrom na doroge i obmenivayutsya
novostyami.
-- Did you dig your sled out? -- Ty nashel svoj molot, chto iskal vchera
ves' den'? -- sprashivaet Bill.
-- Oh, yeah. I dug it out. -- O da, nashel,-- otvechaet Dzhon.
Dig up oznachaet, primerno, to zhe, chto i dig out, to est' "najti chto-to
posle upornogo poiska", "otkopat'"..
Komissar Serzh Le Peshen zvonit iz zakusochnoj v policejskij uchastok. K
trubke podhodit sekretarsha Lyusi.
-- Lyusi! -- oret komissar.-- Ask Michael to dig up a dollar to pay for
the hot dogs and tonic! -- Poprosi Majkla, pust' najdet dollar i zaplatit za
moi hot-dogi s tonikom, blin!
Vot, rebyata, kakoj neprostoj etot prostoj s vidu dig. Nu, a teper', kak
i obeshchal, vernus' v rok-n-roll'nyj epos i rasskazhu o "rolling-stoune" i ego
sinonime. No sperva nemnozhko otdohnem i perevarim predydushchuyu informaciyu.
PEREMENKA
Vot! Vspomnil odin zabavnyj sluchaj.
YA vpervye popal v Ameriku v kachestve
studenta-instruktora-po-strel'be-iz-luka (Archery Instructor) i ponachalu ne
znal, kak vse nashi strelkovye shtuchki budut sootvetstvovat' anglijskim.
Pomnyu, kak u kakogo-to parnishki ne poluchalsya vystrel. YA staralsya izo vseh
sil ob®yasnit' pacanu, kak pravil'no derzhat' luk (bow) i stavit' strelu
(arrow) na tetivu (string). Posle tret'ej neudachnoj popytki ya skazal, chtoby
ne muchit' cheloveka, chto, mol, vse o'kej. No ego priyateli stali ugovarivat'
menya: "Please, let him got a go at shooting at the target with Shon's bow".
-- "Pozhalujsta, dajte emu eshche raz strel'nut' v mishen' iz luka SHona". U SHona
byl klassnyj luk, s kotorym on i priehal v letnij lager' otdyha. No ne eto
vazhno. Vazhno to, chto ya uznal novoe vyrazhenie to have a go at (got a go
at)... Pozzhe, uzhe v drugom lagere, beseduya so svoim drugom, studentom iz
Pekina CHi Veem, vo vremya chasovogo pereryva -- my katalis' s nim v kanoe po
ozeru,-- ya rasskazyval o svoem otkrytii: "Have a go at -- eto takaya
figovina, kotoraya oznachaet... m-m-m... Nu, kogda ty pytaesh'sya sdelat' to,
chto uzhe neskol'ko raz bezuspeshno pytalsya sdelat' ran'she..." Vot tak neuklyuzhe
ob®yasnyal, ya sut' svoego otkrytiya CHi Veyu. Kakovo zhe bylo moe
46
udivlenie, kogda moj kitajskij drug na sleduyushchij den' prines nekij
tolstyj tolkovatel' amerikanskih idiom i frazeologicheskih oborotov, gde pod
vyrazheniem to have a go at pokazal mne pal'cem na anglijskoe raz®yasnenie
sego mudrenogo vyrazheniya: "|to takaya shtuka, kotoraya oznachaet, chto kto-to
pytaetsya sdelat' to, chto uzhe neskol'ko raz bezuspeshno pytalsya sdelat'
ran'she..." Pochti slovo v slovo s moim vcherashnim ob®yasneniem v kanoe, tol'ko
bez "m-m-m" i "nu". Vot ved'... Mezhdu prochim, i v russkom inogda net tochnogo
i emkogo perevoda anglijskih slov i vyrazhenij, i ih prihoditsya ob®yasnyat' vot
tak -- chut' li ne pal'cah.
konec peremenki
47
-- Brodyaga Dzhek, ne prihodi bol'she nikogda!".
A vot vyrazheniya hit the ceiling (doslovno: "vrezat'sya v potolok
golovoj") ili hit the roof (doslovno: "tresnut' kryshej po... po golove")
oznachayut "vzorvat'sya ot zlosti".
Primer. Dzhon utrom v kolledzhe govorit drugu
Mshu
-- Slushaj, v kotorom chasu my vchera vernulis' domoj?
-- Na moih bylo tri,-- otvechaet Mik.
-- Gosh (Bozhe),-- zakatyvaet glaza Dzhon.-- My dade hit the ceiling ".
-- To-to moj papashka menya chut' ne pribil.
-- And my one hit the roof either,-- govorit Mik, chto mozhno perevesti:
"Da i u moego krysha poehala tozhe"-- v smysle: tak vzbesilsya. chto chut' ne
tronulsya.
Voobshche, na slove "hit" v anglijskom yazyke derzhitsya kucha raznyh
frazeologizmov i idiomizmov (esli tak mozhno skazat'). Vot eshche odin primer:
V'etnam. Teplyj vecher. U palatki umyvaet ruki serzhant Timoti Timpson i
rasskazyvaet kapralu o segodnyashnej stychke s "charli" (tak amerikancy
imenovali v'etnamskih soldat):
-- We hit the dirt the moment we heard the machine gun fire. -- My
'zalegli, kak tol'ko uslyshali pulemetnuyu ochered'.
To est' u voennyh hit the dirt oznachaet "zalech'", "utknut'sya v gryaz'
nosom".
Ot moryakov v amerikanskij sleng prishlo drugoe vyrazhenie: hit the deck,
kotoroe oznachaet ne chto inoe, kak "vstavaj! pod®em! horosh dryhnut'!" i izhe s
nimi.
-- OK boys, it's time to hit the deck!-- Nu, rebyatki, horosh dryhnut',
podnimajsya! -- krichit serzhant Majkl Holduin, vhodya v obshchuyu kameru, gde spyat
zaderzhannye noch'yu vsyakie ropling-stouny i hit-ze-roudy.
A vot hit the hay ili hit the sack (bit' seno ili meshok) uzhe imeyut
obratnyj smysl: ne vstavat', a, naoborot, lozhit'sya spat'.
Ustavshij posle trehchasovogo ekzamenacionnogo sochineniya Mik na
priglashenie Dzhona "vdarit' po pivu " otvechaet predlozheniem "vdarit' po
senu".
-- I'm pretty tired, gonna hit the hay early. -- CHto-to ya segodnya
pereutomilsya, pojdu poran'she domoj -- nadavlyu na massu.
48
Hit the bull's eye perevoditsya kak "ne v brov', a v glaz". Koroche,
popast' v tochku. K primeru, u strelkov bull's eye -- eto "yablochko" v Misheni.
Poetomu oborot mozhno perevesti eshche kak "v samoe yablochko".
-- / got the bull's eye! -- YA popal v yablochko! -- radostno krichit
serzhant Holduin komissaru Le Peshenu posle udachnogo vystrela v tire.
-- John hit the bull's-eye. -- Dzhon porazil samoe yablochko,--
obradovalsya prepodavatel' posle metkogo otveta Dzhona na ego hitryj vopros.
Vidite, kak mnogo frazeologizmov so slovom hit\ No eto eshche ne vse. Vy
poka otdohnite, perevarite prochitannoe, popejte kofejku, a potom my
prodolzhim razgovor i okonchatel'no dob'em temu.
ITAK,
prodolzhaem nash hit-parad so slovom hit. (Neplohoj kalambur poluchilsya,
pravda?)
Hit the jackpot.
|to znachit: "podfartit', pojmat' udachu".
-- Your new gadget hit the jackpot, -- Tvoe novoe prisposoblenie lovit
sinyuyu pticu-udachu! -- smeetsya kovboj Bill, glyadya, kak ogorodnoe pugalo
Dzhona, vrashchayas' na vetru, raspugivaet vseh voron.
Hit on. Mozhno i hit upon. Perevoditsya tak: "narvat'sya", "najti",
"natknut'sya", "dobit'sya".
Komissar policii Le Peshen govorit serzhantu Majklu Holduinu posle
uspeshnogo zaderzhaniya podozrevaemogo v ograblenii magazina, kotoryj
(podozrevaemyj) neozhidanno dlya samogo komissara vzyal i okazalsya nastoyashchim
prestupnikom:
-- Bylo neskol'ko pridurkov, kotorye mogli tak bezdarno vskryt' etot
magazin. But I hit on the right one the first time. -- No ya s pervogo raza
natknulsya na togo, kogo'nado.
Hit it off. |to -- "byt' .v otpade", "tashchit'sya drug ot druga",
"ladit'..."
-- Mick and Jane hit it off with each other,-- govorit Dzhon svoej
devushke S'yu. CHto znachit: Miku i Dzhejn ochen' dazhe klassno vdvoem.
49
Teper' voz'mem vyrazhenie hit or miss. Ono horosho tolkuetsya
sootvetstvuyushchimi russkimi slovami "naugad", "avos'", "pal'cem v nebo"...
Nashi prostodushnye kovboi Bill i Dzhon priehali v Kanzas-Siti, gde zhivet
kuzen Dzhona. Nazvanie ulicy Dzhon znal, a vot nomer dolyu zabyl. "Ne beda,--
skazal on po doroge Billu,-- ya tam v detstve byval i otlichno vse pomnyu, u
menya voobshche otlichnaya pamyat'. Tam vsego lish' dva doma ".
-- Nu, i gde zdes' hizhina tvoego rodstvennichka?! -- vozmushchenno obvodit
vzglyadom ulicu s tremya-chetyr'mya desyatkami domov kovboj Bill.
-- OK, we just should ring doorbells hit or miss. -- Nu xoposho, my
prosto budem zvonit' v dver' naudachu,-- nashelsya Dzhon.
Sleduyushchaya scena perenosit nas v bar, gde tri kovboya otmechayut vstrechu za
kruzhkoj parshivogo (s nashej tochki zreniya) amerikanskogo piva "Badvajser " i
vspominayut obshchih druzej i rodstvennikov, kotoryh kuzen Dzhona ne videl so dnya
svoego velikogo pereseleniya iz shtata YUta v Kanzas.
-- Pomnish' krasotku Meri, chto vyshla za tvoego druzhka Huga?-- sprashivaet
Dzhon.
-- Nu,-- kivaet rodstvennichek.-- Hug began to hit the sauce when Mary
left him. -- Hug besprobudno zapil s teh por, kak Meri brosila ego.
Hit the sauce (doslovno: "vdarit' po sousu") budet oznachat': "sest' na
stakan", "ujti v zapoj".
Nu, i poslednee mesto hit-parada zanimaet vyrazhenie hit the nail on the
head, chto ekvivalentno nashemu "to, chto doktor propisal". U nih eto, kak
vidim: "shchelknut' nogtem po golove".
Primer.
V merii N'yu-Jorka idet zasedanie, i komissar Le Peshen otchityvaetsya o
prodelannoj rabote. Problemy est', no luchshaya zashchita -- eto napadenie, i
komissar s gnevom govorit o byudzhete, vydelennom na ih nuzhdy. Oni ne smogli
podnyat' zarplatu policejskim, iz-za chego mnogie talantlivye detektivy ushli
na pensiyu ili rabotayut
50
teper' v drugom shtate.
-- Your talk hit the nail on the head! -- Vasha rech', komissar,-- eto
to, chto doktor propisal! -- voshishchenno hlopaet po plechu komissara serzhant
Majkl posle togo, kak Le Peshen saditsya na mesto.
52
eto uzhasno -- nechem malysha kormit', ya uvidel sleduyushchij variant etih
slov: Cause this one thing that she don't need, it's another hungry mouth to
feed... Pochemu, sobstvenno, she don't, dumal ya , kogda vsem izvestno, chto
posle tret'ego lica edinstvennogo chisla vsegda budet doesn't! No vnutrennij
golos podskazyval mne, chto eto ne opechatka. Togda ya proslushal zapis' pesni.
Dejstvitel'no, |lvis Presli yavno pel she don't need. Poluchaetsya, raskidyval
ya mozgami (nedaleko raskidyval, dolzhen skazat'), chto dostatochno prostaya
grammatika spryazheniya glagolov u yanki uproshchaetsya do predela. Don't
ispol'zuetsya so vsemi licami podryad. Hm, vot eto uzhe interesno. No prigodno
li eto v zhivom razgovornom yazyke? Na sej vopros ya sumel otvetit' tol'ko
cherez dva goda, okazavshis' v Amerike. Don't posle she i he
u nih tam upotreblyaetsya tak zhe chasto, kak i yeah vmesto yes ili sick vmesto
ill. Da uzh, amerikanec v inyaz yavno ne sdast vstupitel'nyh...
54
-- Horosho,-- kivaet prepodavatel'.-- Nu, a chto tvorilos' v eto vremya na
teatre boevyh dejstvij v Evrope? Na vostochnom fronte, k primeru.
-- |eee... mmmm... tam voevali russkie,-- otvechaet Mik, ne buduchi
uveren, za kogo eti russkie tam voevali.
-- Pravil'no,-- kivaet golovoj prepodavatel'.-- Sovety nastupali na
nemcev po vsemu vostochnomu frontu.
"Klass,-- raduetsya pro sebya Mik.-- YA tak i znal, chto russkie za nas
byli!".
-- Nu, vy hot' primerno skazhite, gde v eto vremya nahodilsya russkij
front? Kakie strany vostochnoj Evropy russkie zanyali?
Mik lihoradochno pytaetsya vspomnit', kakie zhe voobshche est' strany v
Evrope (ne govorya uzhe o tom, kakie tam vostochnye, a kakie zapadnye).
Germaniya, Franciya, Angliya... On muchitel'no tret viski:
-- Mmmm... SHve... SHvej... SHvejca... SHveciya... CHto? Nejtral'naya strana?
Ah da! Tochno! Nejtral'naya! Potom eta, kak ee, eeee... |spaniya. Net?Da,
tochno, net. Da, verno, eto yug Evropy. Mmmm... Drevnyaya. oj, to est'
sovremennaya Greciya, potom, eta... shlya... kep... Panama!
55
Prepodavatel' otkidyvaetsya na stule i preryvaet Mika:
-- I'm afraid you're way out in the left field, my dear". -- Boyus', chto
vy, lyubeznyj, ushli nemnozhko ne v tu step'.
Mezhdu prochim, eta scenka niskol'ko ne preuvelichena. Amerikanskaya
sistema obrazovaniya, o chem ya uzhe govoril, tak v svoe vremya oberegala detej
ot peregruzok, chto poluchilsya obratnyj effekt. Deti yavno nedogruzheny. Da chto
deti! Vzroslye tozhe horoshi! V lyubom amerikanskom atlase mira Severnaya
Amerika vmeste s YUzhnoj nahodyatsya pochemu-to poseredine (!), Evropa s Afrikoj
-- na vostoke, a Aziya s Avstraliej -- na zapade. Amerikancam pokazalos', chto
oni v samom dele "pup Zemli"! Tak, navernoe, im udobnee, tak im kazhetsya
spravedlivee. Nu i plevat' , chto prishlos' Evraziyu na dve chasti razorvat' i
po polushariyam raznesti! Glavnoe -- my v centre. "In action!" -- dumal,
vidimo, mestnyj geograf.
Tak chto v nashem sluchae u Mika eshche ne sovsem plohie poznaniya. |to dazhe
ochen' horosho, esli amerikanec voobshche znaet, kto voeval protiv Gitlera.
Nekotorye dumayut, chto SSHA v odinochku razdelalis' s nacistami. Drugie -- chto
Sovety pomogali, no nemnogo. Tret'i -- chto meshali. A chtoby gde-to bylo
napisano o tom, chto Sovetskij Soyuz prakticheski v polnom odinochestve bilsya s
Germaniej po
56
chti tri goda, slomav pod Moskvoj, Stalingradom i na Kurskoj duge hrebet
fashistskim vojskam, ya uzhe ne govoryu. Dazhe v solidnoj "Istorii Evropy", chto
mne kak-to popalas' na glaza, zapadnoevropejskie zemlyaki po kontinentu yavno
zavyshayut svoyu rol' v razgrome Germanii i zanizhayut rol' Rossii v etoj pobede,
upominaya lish' Stalingradskuyu bitvu. Mol, soobshcha vzyalis' -- my s zapada,
russkie s vostoka-- i odoleli.
Izvinite, otvleklis'.
Nashe "iz ognya da v polymya" u amerikancev budet out of the
frying pan into the fire, chto doslovno perevoditsya, kak "s goryachej
skovorodki v ogon'". "Vysosat' iz pal'ca" -- po-anglijski out of
thin air, t.e. iz tonkogo vozduha.
-- Your story concocted out of thin air! -- YA vam ni na grosh ne veryu,
potomu chto vasha istoriya polnost'yu vysosana iz pal'ca! -- vozmushchaetsya
direktor kolledzha, vyslushav zhalkij lepet Mika i Dzhona naschet ih vcherashnego
progula.
Nu, dumayu, poka hvatit. Zapomnite, o chem my govorili segodnya, i nemnogo
otdohnite. Baj, gajs!
KSTATI,
esli uzh my vnov' upomyanuli "Bitlz", to dolzhen zametit', chto bitly byli
pervymi nashimi sovremennikami, kotorye v shutku i vser'ez vdovol'
poprikalyvalis' nad mnogoznachnost'yu anglijskogo yazyka. Tak, Dzhon Lennon v
1964 godu vypustil knizhku "In His Own Write", nazvanie kotoroj mozhno
perevesti kak "Po sobstvennomu pravu" ili zhe "Po sobstvennomu napisaniyu",
kak ugodno. Anglijskie slova right -- "pravo" i write -- "pisat'"
proiznosyatsya odinakovo, kak vy uzhe, navernoe, znaete. Vot pochemu v nashej
strane etu knizhku perevodyat to kak "Sobstvennoruchno", to kak "Po
sobstvennomu pravu". Posle vyhoda ee v svet kritiki skazali, chto "Bitlz"
ozhivili anglijskij yazyk. Povtoryayu: nikogda ne toropites' perevodit' nazvaniya
knig, fil'mov ili kompakt-diskov, ne oznakomivshis' s soderzhaniem onyh
opusov. Delo v tom, chto, ne znaya soderzhaniya, vy nikogda ne perevedete
smyslovo tochno nazvaniya tipa Peg ili Hard To Die. Nu vot, naprimer, chto
proizoshlo s klassicheskoj veshch'yu amerikanskogo pisatelya Selindzhera "Nad
propast'yu vo rzhi". Russkij variant nazvaniya etoj knigi poluchilsya, ne sporyu,
krasivyj, no vot po-anglijski "Catcher in the rye" vse zhe oznachaet nechto
drugoe. Kogda perevodili nazvanie, to vnimanie zaostrili imenno na tom
momente, chto mal'chishka, glavnyj geroj knigi, mechtaet rabotat' spasatelem,
uberegaya igrayushchih vo rzhi detej ot propasti. No eto lish' otdel'nyj moment,
kotoryj, nesomnenno, ime-
57
et mesto byt'. Osnovnoj zhe smysl v drugom. "Ketcher" zdes' -- vovse ne
tot, kto kogo-to hvataet. |to igrok v bejsbole (ne zrya geroj knizhki
razgulivaet v bejsbolke), vse ravno kak golkiper v futbole. Nu, a kakoj
ketcher mozhet byt' vo rzhi? Estestvenno, nikakoj. U glavnogo geroya romana, kak
vy pomnite, vse iz ruk valitsya, v chem on vechno obvinyaet ves' mir i nudit
postoyanno. On -- slovno ketcher vo rzhi, pytayushchejsya pojmat' myach, kotorogo ne
vidno iz-za bujnoj rastitel'nosti. Ih ketcher vo rzhi -- eto nash lyzhnik v
luzhe. I bolee tochnyj perevod nazvaniya etoj knigi dolzhen zvuchat' primerno
tak: "Plohomu tancoru koe-chto meshaet". (Net, pozhaluj, ne pojdet). Ili:
"Golkiper v lopuhah". (Tozhe nekazisto kak-to). "Bejsbol vo rzhi". (Sovsem
neponyatno). Koroche, moi varianty mne i samomu ne nravyatsya, no po
smyslu oni luchshe podhodyat. Vprochem, ne tak uzh i vazhno, kak nazvat'
knigu. Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoj, nazvav svoj roman-epopeyu "Vojna i mir", pod
slovom "mir" imel v vidu ne tol'ko "polnoe otsutstvie voennyh dejstvij", a
podrazumeval "obshchestvo", "lyudej". "Vyjti v mir" ran'she oznachalo "vyjti v
lyudi", "byt' predstavlennym v obshchestve". Vidite, eto nazvanie my tozhe
vosprinimaem v chut' iskazhennom variante, no bedy bol'shoj v tom net. A raz
net, to i govorit' bol'she ob etom ne budem, hotya to, o chem govorili,
postarajtes' zapomnit'. V zhizni prigoditsya., 
Mik i Dzhon sudachat o svoih roditelyah, ch'i semnadcat' let prishlis', po
ih mneniyu, na poistine zolotoe vremya vseh rokerov i Ameriki v celom, a eto
konec shestidesyatyh-- nachalo semidesyatyh.
-- My dad at his 17 was a hippy, a real rolling stone,-- govorit Mik o
yunosti svoego fazera.-- Ne gave away himself up to a life of wandering
together with his rock band. -- Moj predok v semnadcat' byl xunnu, nastoyashchim
perekati-polem. On udarilsya v brodyazhnichestvo vmeste s mestnoj rok-gruppoj...
-- Da,-- vzdyhaet Dzhon.-- I would give my right arm to be able to live
those years. -- YA by mnogoe otdal, chtoby pozhit' v to vremya.
Vot vam i eshche odin frazeologizm -- to give one's right arm, chto srodni
nashemu "otdat' mnogoe, zaplatit' lyubye den'gi". U amerikancev, kak vidim,
eto -- "otdat' pravuyu ruku", chto ne sovsem umno, nado zametit'...
I eshche odin oborot so slovom give. |to to give out. Ochen' uzh
mnogoznachnyj oborotec. U nego kucha znachenij. Pervoe ego znachenie -- eto
"vydat'", to est' "dat' znat', opovestit', obnarodovat'..."
-- Mary gave out that Tot and she are gonna marry. -- Meri vydala, chto
oni s Tomom sobirayutsya pozhenit'sya,-- govorit kovboj Bill Dzhonu.
Vtoroe znachenie -- "vydavat'" v smysle "izdavat'" (ot'knig do krika):
60
Tymothy gave out a yell when he saw what the soldiers did with their
M16 rifles...-- Timoti izdal vopl', kogda uvidel, kak ego soldatiki sobirayut
M16.
Nu vot, a kapitan Dzho v harakteristike napisal, chto Timoti Timpson a
cool i never blows his stack. I oshibsya. Na slenge give out -- eshche i
malen'koe rugatel'stvo tipa "poshel otsyuda, katis'!".
. Nash serzhant morskoj pehoty Timoti posle togo, kak izdal vopl',
vyhvatil u pervogo popavshegosya neputevogo novobranca vintovku iz ruk i
zarychal:
-- Give out! Stupids! -- Svobodny, bezmozglye! I
nachal pokazyvat', kak nado obrashchat'sya s oruzhiem.
To, chto give up smoking -- "brosat' kurit'", znayut vse, eto my eshche v
shkole prohodili (give up -- "ustupat'") i eto, kak govoril M. S. Gorbachev,
pravil'no, tak kak kurit', sami znaete, vredno. YA tak voobshche nikogda v zhizni
.ne kuril i vam ne sovetuyu.
Utrennyaya zaryadka v "uchebke" morskoj pehoty SSHA. Soldaty v majkah i
krossovkah begut, a serzhant Timoti Timpson vykrikivaet mestnuyu rechevku v
stile bugi:
-- Seargent Black is turning green. -- Serzhant Blek (CHernov) zeleneet.
Vse horom povtoryayut:
-- Seargent Black is turning green!
Timoti:
-- Some one peed in his canteen! -- Kto-to popisal v ego flyazhku. Vse
horom:
-- Some one peed in his canteen!
65
Izvinite za solonovatyj privkus amerikanskih stroevyh chastushek (hotya
eta eshche ne samaya neprilichnaya). "Mozhet byt', gde-nibud' daleko-daleko v
Anglii kto-nibud' vse eshche nazyvaet stolovku canteen?" -- sprosil ya SHuru
Volkova, kogda my shagali s nim po ulicam tumannogo Minska. On vse-taki tri
goda prouchilsya v universitete shtata YUta, dolzhen znat'. "Mozhet,-- pozhal
plechami SHura,-- no dlya menya canteen -- eto flyazhka..."
To zhe samoe priklyuchilos' i so slovom rock. Vo vseh anglo-russkih
slovaryah rock imeet dva znacheniya: eto prezhde vsego "skala" i
"raskachivat'sya". No v Amerike o skale kak o "roke" vspomnyat ne srazu. Na
pervoe mesto tam vyhodit tret'e znachenie -- "kamen', kameshek", t.e. to, chto
valyaetsya pod nogami, chto mozhno podnyat' i brosit' v ozero, v reku, v stenu, v
vozduh, v proletayushchuyu voronu, chego ya, pravda, ne sovetuyu vam delat'. Imenno,
rock, a ne stone. Stone u nih ispol'zuetsya v rechi dlya oboznacheniya
stroitel'nogo ili prirodnogo materiala.
Potom rock, kak v Anglii, tak i v SSHA,-- eto muzyka. No kakoj by
ser'eznyj slovar' vy ni vzyali, nigde ne najdete muzykal'nogo znacheniya slova
"rok", hot' ono i nahoditsya v aktivnom dejstvii uzhe bolee soroka let, s 1956
goda. Takoe ignorirovanie avtorami i izdatelyami molodezhi chetyreh pokolenij
menya dazhe vozmushchaet. Uzh v moem slovarike vy najdete vse
dejstvitel'nye znacheniya slova rock.
Tak chto hot' my i obzyvaem anglichan konservatorami, odnako sami ne
zamechaem, kak davno prevratilis' v eshche bol'shih konservatorov. Russkij
chelovek eshche huzhe, chem anglosaks, sposoben vosprinyat' chto-to novoe, a tem
bolee -- pomenyat' staroe na eto novoe. V kachestve naglyadnogo primera ya
privedu nedavnij sluchaj obsuzhdeniya amerikanskimi i rossijskimi uchenymi
dokumental'nogo fil'ma, snyatogo, kazhetsya, v 1947 godu. V fil'me dva
amerikanskih specialista v maskah vskryvayut trup enlonavta s poterpevshej
katastrofu letayushchej tarelki. S®emka, nesomnenno, sensacionnaya. Mne samomu v
vozmozhnost' podobnogo trudno veritsya. No bol'she porazilo to, kak rassuzhdali
v processe obsuzhdeniya amerikancy, a kak nashi. Amerikanskie specy,
patologoanatomy, kinoshniki i prochie pytalis' vyyasnit', kogda zhe mog byt'
snyat etot fil'm, kto izobrazhen v nem, i esli eto fal'sifikaciya, to kto by
mog eto vse ustroit', vo skol'ko by takaya fal'shivka oboshlas' prodyuseru, komu
bylo vygodno derzhat' etu lentu na polke pochti pyat'desyat let... Vse voprosy
byli dostatochno logichnymi i produmannymi. Rossijskie zhe uchenye prosto
skazali, chto eto fal'sifikaciya, poddelka, i postavili tochku. Vse. Ih
argumenty inache kak idiotizmom ne nazovesh' (idiotizm, kstati, eto ne
oskorblenie, eto to sostoyanie, kogda kto-to sosredotochivaetsya na
nesushchestvennyh melochah, ne upomyanuv ili zhe ne vidya
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glavnogo). Oni akcentirovali vnimanie na ryade oshibok operatora, ukazali
na to, chto on rabotal neprofessional'no, chto kamera byla ploho
sfokusirovana, chto operator ne snyal moment vskrytiya cherepnoj korobki
(operatoru, mozhet, prosto ploho stalo), chto vot, mol, odin kakoj-to ochevidec
govoril, chto u enlonavtov net ushej, a tut ushi malen'kie, no est' (!).
Poetomu, prodolzhali utverzhdat' nashi rasejskie muzhi, eto vse poddelka. Kto?..
Kogda?.. Zachem?.. Komu vygodno?.. Ni slova. Prosto etogo ne mozhet byt',
potomu chto etogo ne mozhet byt' nikogda. V hod poshli dazhe pokazaniya
ochevidcev, kotoryh (i ochevidcev, i ih pokazaniya) oficial'naya nauka ni
ran'she, ni sejchas dazhe v upor videt' ne hotela i ne sobiraetsya hotet'. YA
sidel u televizora i dumal, chto, navernoe, vot takie zhe lyudi zanimayutsya u
nas voprosami obrazovaniya... Vot pochemu kogda na smenu yavno starogo, ne
otvechayushchego sovremennym trebovaniyam uchebnika nuzhen novyj, to etot novyj
mozhet ne projti tol'ko iz-za togo, chto oni, eti lyudi, najdut v nem dva-tri
nedostatka. I deti budut prodolzhat' uchit'sya po knige, gde etih nedostatkov
vse dvadcat' pyat'.
Prostye, s nashej tochki zreniya, amerikancy sdelali by proshche: utverdili
novyj uchebnik, esli by tam bylo hot' na paru nedostatkov men'she, a uzh potom
zamenili eshche luchshim. A u nas, umnyh i talantlivyh, vse shivorot-navyvorot.
Kick the bucket oznachaet "otbrosit' kopyta", "otkinut'sya", "gignut'sya",
kak govoril Bezenchuk. No ne pereuserdstvujte. Esli vy v tekste vstretite
frazu, chto kto-to tam kicked the bucket by foot (pnul nogoj vedro i poshel
dal'she), to eto otnyud' ne budet oznachat', chto on okochurilsya, vstal i dal'she
poshel. Vse ustojchivye vyrazheniya sushchestvuyut v anglijskom, kak i v russkom, v
"zamorozhennom vide", t.e. ne imeyut svoego pryamogo smysla, a perevodyatsya
inoskazatel'no. Tak, nashe "ne vynosit' sor iz izby" po-anglijski budet "ne
stirat' gryaznoe bel'e u vseh na glazah" -- don't wash your dirty linen in
public, a "delit' shkuru neubitogo medvedya" -- eto "schitat' nevylupivshihsya
cyplyat" -- don't count your chickens before they're hatched. Nash s vami
"slon v posudnoj lavke" po-amerikanski -- "byk v magazine farfora" -- bull
in a china shop.
-- My poruchili osvobozhdenie zalozhnikov i poimku banditov komissaru Le
Peshenu,-- dokladyvaet policejskij.-- But he worked out as a bull in the
china shop...-- No on srabotal kak slon: razgromil ves' bar, osvobodil lish'
polovinu zalozhnikov i upustil bandu...
Idiomy, sostoyashchie vsego iz odnogo slova,-- osobyj predmet razgovora.
Smysl i znachenie takoj idiomy chashche vsego ne zavisit ot znacheniya etogo
edinstvennogo slova. K primeru, lemon u nas oznachaet "million", a u
amerikancev ukazyvaet na nekuyu polomku mashiny ili nedostatok mehanizma.
-- - Your car is a lemon. -- ' Tvoya mashina togo... -- govorit komissar
Le Peshen. pokopavshis' v motore avtomobilya serzhanta.
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Ili vot slovo dog. Ono oboznachaet v opredelennom kontekste ne sobachku,
a oblomivsheesya svidanie s devushkoj ili tyazhelyj ekzamen.
-- My math exam was a dog. -- Moj ekzamen po matematike -- eto bylo
chto-to.-- govorit Dzhon Miku.
-- My date with Jane was a dog too. -- Moe svidanie s Dzhejn bylo takim
zhe,-- otvechaet Mik.
ZHelayu vam pomen'she takih "dogov" i "lemonov", a pobol'she hot-dogov na
vashih stolah i "limonov" v kejsah!
KAK-TO V AMERIKE
my s amerikanskimi tinejdzherami sideli i raspisyvali svoi odezhdy. U nih
eto populyarno, znaete li, samim pisat' na majkah vse, chto hochetsya, ispol'zuya
dlya etogo special'nuyu nesmyvayushchuyusya krasku-klej ili obyknovennye flomastery
i avtoruchki. No ya otvleksya. Tak vot, odna devushka po imeni Kris (Chriss)
pisala svoe imya cherez bukvu "kej" i s dvojnym "si" na konce: Kricc. "Tak
krasivee",-- ob®yasnila ona, otvechaya na moj vopros, zachem zhe ponadobilos'
izvrashchat' anglijskuyu grammatiku. Tut ya stal zamechat', chto ochen' mnogie
molodye amerikancy ispol'zuyut vmesto "si" bukvu "kej" i pishut: krazy,
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kombat, katop. magik... I ne tol'ko na majkah. "Kej" vmesto "si" mozhno
uvidet' i v nazvaniyah muzykal'nyh klipov, i na kompakt-diskah, i v zhurnalah,
i na raznoobraznyh vyveskah... Net, ya ne hochu skazat', chto eto kakaya-to
novaya tendenciya v anglijskom yazyke, net. |to, skoree, novoe modnoe techenie,
za kotorym, vozmozhno, budushchee vse vremya izmenyayushchegosya anglijskogo yazyka. Kto
znaet? Tak chto ne dumajte, chto eto opechatki, kogda vstretite podobnye
"oshibki" gde-nibud'. Poka vse. Otdyhajte.
-- This guy will end up on an electric chair. -- |tot paren' konchit
zhizn' na elektricheskom stule,-- Le Peshen pokazyvaet anketu tol'ko chto
zaderzhannogo prestupnika serzhantu Majku.
-- Hands up! -- Ruki vverh! -- krichit nash komissar Le Peshen, vryvayas' v
bank, gde minutu nazad to zhe samoe grabiteli krichali glavnomu buhgalteru...
Prochtya v ekzamenacionnom bilete nazvanie temy "I live in Minsk" i zhelaya
podcherknut', chto vy ne prosto zhivete v Minske ili v Moskve, Peterburge,
Tomske, Voronezhe ili eshche gde, a kutite kazhdyj den' ili otryvaetes' po
vecheram, to tak i govorite: " I live it up in Minsk". Tol'ko potom,
pozhalujsta, najdite menya i rasskazhite, kak vash prepodavatel' otreagiroval na
eto soobshchenie.
Esli "to speak" -- eto prosto "govorit'", to speak up ili speak out --
eto uzhe "govorit' gromche", ili "vyskazyvat'sya", ili dazhe "zastupat'sya za
kogo-to".
-- Please, speak up. -- Pozhalujsta, govori chetche! -- prosit
prepodavatel' chto-to nevnyatno lepechushchego na ekzamene Dzhona.
Joe spoke up for seargent Timpson as a company comander. -- Dzho 79
govoril o serzhante Timpsone kak o budushchem komandire roty (to bit'
derzhal za nego slovo).
Teper', esli predlog up pribavit' k slovu "feel" -- "chuvstvovat'", to,
kak ni stranno, poluchitsya dostatochno gruboe vyrazhenie feel up, kotoroe mozhno
perevesti kak "lapat' rukami" (devushku), "pristavat'" ili "obyskivat'
kogo-libo".
Podruga Dzhejn yazvitel'no sprashivaet:
-- I don 'I believe that you have been going out with Mick for two
months and he has not even felt you up? -- He veryu! Ty vstrechaesh'sya s Mikom
uzhe dva mesyaca, i on ni razu ne puskal v hod ruki?
-- I was felt up as some fucking crim. -- Menya obyskali, kak kakogo-to
neschastnogo prestupnika, -- zhaluetsya komissaru nekij obizhennyj policiej
grazhdanin.
Esli to sit budet "sidet'", to to sit up -- eto uzhe "prosizhivat' ne
smykaya glaz", k primeru, vsyu noch'.
-- I've been sitting up for all the night! -- YA ne somknul glaz vsyu
noch'! -- otchityvaet otec Dzhejn svoyu doch' posle togo. kak devushka zabyla
pozvonit' domoj i skazat', chto pridet s diskoteki tol'ko utrom.
Oni, eti up. off, down, away, on, in i drugie, menyayut smysl libo
usugublyayut smysl izvestnyh glagolov. Tak kak pro up ya uzhe nemnogo rasskazal,
to sejchas ostanovimsya na off i out.
Esli posle glagola stoit vysheukazannyj predlog off, to, k primeru,
glagol "write" -- "pisat'" budet uzhe oznachat' "vypisat'" ili "spisat'",
togda kak "write up" budet perevodit'sya kak "pisat', opisyvat'" (istoriyu,
imushchestvo i vse, chto poddaetsya opisaniyu). Esli "to kill" -- eto prosto
"ubit'", to to kill off-- eto "perebit'". "To knock" -- eto "stuchat'", a vot
knock off-- eto "vyrubit' udarom po golove", inogda "ograbit'". "To go" --
"uhodit'", a to go off-- "vyhodit'". Tak chto ih "off -- eto v osnovnom nashi
pristavki "vy-" ili "pere-".
Konechno, byvayut i razlichnye isklyucheniya.
-- They knocked off Chuck. -- Oni pribili CHaka,-- govorit komissar Le
Peshen serzhantu Holduinu.
-- We killed them off. -- My ih vseh perebili,-- dokladyvaet po racii
serzhant Timoti svoemu kapitanu.
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-- We wrote these cars off. -- My spisali eti mashiny,-- govorit kapitan
Maknejl, ukazyvaya pal'cem na ustarevshuyu tehniku.
A vot esli to shut up oznachaet "zahlopnut'" ili "zatknut'sya", to shut
off' budet oznachat' "perekryt'", "obrubit'", "perezhat'" (shlang, naprimer).
-- Mick! Please shut off the hose! The grass getting too wet! -- Mik!
Pozhalujsta, perekroj vodu v shlange, trava na klumbe uzhe mokraya! -- krichit
mama Mika, vidya, chto syn, zaboltavshis' s Dzhejn, . otvleksya ot polivki.
Predlogu "out " trudno najti ekvivalentnuyu pristavku v russkom yazyke.
Vyrazhenie s "out" budet oznachat' nechto, sdelannoe okonchatel'no, s polnoj
vykladkoj, libo ukazyvat' na dejstvie, napravlennoe na uhod. Posle glagola
help predlog out ne osobo vliyaet na pervonachal'noe znachenie etogo slova, i
help out tak i budet perevodit'sya kak "pomoch'" libo "pomoch' ujti, vyjti iz
sozdavshegosya polozheniya". To zhe samoe budet proishodit' i s glagolom
"razreshat'". K primeru, to let -- eto prosto "razreshat'", a to let out --
eto "dat' ujti, vyjti, sbezhat'" ili "okazat'sya v aute". V. drugih sluchayah --
po-drugomu. Esli hold up -- eto "podnimat'", "podderzhivat', a inogda i
"ostanavlivat'", "priderzhivat'" i dazhe "sohranyat'" i "dokazyvat'", to hold
out -- eto "dostigat'", "protyagivat'" i "skryvat'".
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John held up his hand. -- Dzhon podnyal ruku (zhelaya otvetit' na vopros
prepodavatelya).
Mick held out a T-shirt for Jane to try on. -- Mik protyanul Dzhejn majku
primerit'. (Zdes', kstati, vmesto "hold" mozhno upotrebit' reach out.)
-- You held out on me wheh the payment came in. -- Ty skryl ot menya,
chto etot platezh uzhe prishel! -- govorit odin korrumpirovannyj buhgalter
drugomu korrumpirovannomu buhgalteru, i mezhdu nimi vspyhivaet drachka s
primeneniem dyrokolov i lineek.
Vidite, sejchas u "hold out" uzhe neskol'ko inoj smysl: "skryvat'".
Ili vot eshche: Timothy's platoon held out for five days under siege. --
Vzvod Timoti Tshtsona, popav v zasadu, derzhalsya pyat' dnej.
Glagol to ride oznachaet "ehat', "plyt'", "letet'", a to ride out budet
uzhe perevodit'sya kak "vyehat'", "vyplyt'", "vyletet' iz kakoj-nibud' trudnoj
ili opasnoj situacii".
XVII vek. Karibskoe more. Sil'nyj shtorm. Fregat kapitana Blada kidaet,
kak shchepku, mezh strashnyh voln. Na palube matrosy-flibust'ery starayutsya
uderzhat' shturval.
-- Get all the sails lowered! Hell! We must ride out the storm! --
Opustit' parusa! D'yavol! My dolzhny p-p-perezhit' etot shtorm!
Konechno, primer s semnadcatym vekom ne sovsem tipichen dlya nashego
sluchaya, kogda rech' idet o sovremennom anglijskom yazyke. No, kto znaet,
mozhet, kak raz togda, na piratskih sudnah, i zarozhdalsya sovremennyj krutoj
inglish.
Perepolnennyj lift ostanavlivaetsya na 43-m etazhe, i, prizhatye k stenke
plotnoj tolpoj, komissar Le Peshen i serzhant Holduin poryvayutsya vyjti:
-- Excuse me! Getting off! Is any body over there getting off! --
Izvinite, my vyhodim! Tam vperedi hot' kto-nibud' vyhodit?
No pohozhe, chto vsem plevat', i nashi policejskie aktiviziruyutsya.
-- Move! We' re getting off! -- Razojdis'! My vyhodim! Komissar
rastalkivaet lyudej i, chuvstvuya, chto dveri vot-vot
zakroyutsya, vyhvatyvaet revol'ver. Ledi
vizzhat, dzhentl'meny
sami nachinayut vyskakivat' iz lifta...
Nu, a vam iz vsego vysheskazannogo sleduet zapomnit', chto to get off
(ili "to go off) budet perevodit'sya kak "vyhodit'". Vezhlivoe
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"are you getting off luchshe ne govorit', potomu kak eto ne sovsem
vezhlivo i ravnoznachno tomu, kak esli by vy interesovalis' chuzhimi delami.
Amerikanec vas tak ili inache propustit. Luchshe skazat' "excuse me", i esli vy
vidite, chto do cheloveka ne dohodit, ili esli vy vidite parnya s tatuirovkoj
"Vasya" na potnoj ruke, sgrudivshego u dveri svoi sumki, to mozhno vezhlivo
proiznesti: "Slushaj, zemelya, esli vyrvalsya za granicu, to vedi sebya
prilichno. CHto vstal v dveryah, kak budto odin zdes'! Daj projti. Kstati,
otkuda budesh'?". No esli ne hotite vydavat', chto vy tozhe "nash", to prosto
tiho i vezhlivo sprosite: "Could I get off? -- Nel'zya li mne sojti" ili
"Excuse me, I'm getting off.
Tem vremenem priehali k koncu uroka. I'm getting off. Bye guys! See
you!
"dat' vzyatku", "dat' na lapu". Nikomu ne izvestnoj v Britanii gruppe
"Bitlz" bylo nelegko probit' stenu korrumpirovannogo shou-biznesa i
byurokraticheskogo isteblishmenta, kotoryj uporno ne hotel obrashchat' vnimanie na
vsyakih tam huliganov s ulic, nevziraya na to chto k 1962 godu gruppa iz
Liverpulya uzhe zapisala singl v Germanii i byla tam bolee-menee izvestna. Ne
govorya uzh o tom, chto ona byla k tomu vremeni ochen' populyarna v rodnom
Liverpule.
Projdemsya dal'she po nashemu glagolu "pinat'".
Kick off-- "vybit' myach, nachat' igru". "John kicked of f and the
football started. -- Dzhon vybil myach (nanes pervyj udar), i match nachalsya".
Vtoroe znachenie etogo slova -- prosto "nachat' chto-to", ne obyazatel'no
futbol'nyj match: "Jim Morrison kicked off his concert with a speech. -- Dzhim
Morrison nachal svoj koncert s rechi..."
Voobshche so slovom "pinat'" u amerikancev mnogo vyrazhenij. Tak, kick up
one's heels -- "pnut' sebya po kablukam" podrazumevaet "otorvat'sya,
poveselit'sya, pogudet'". "After the match all the class went down to town to
kick up their heels. •-- Posle pobednogo matcha'ves' klass rvanul v gorod,
chtoby shumno otmetit' eto sobytie".
A kick over oznachaet "zavesti, zapustit'" -- kak mashinu, tak i vse
ostal'noe, chto zavoditsya ili prosto nachinaetsya: "I tell you, that's a
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very good business to kick over. -- Govoryu tebe, eto stoyashchee delo,
chtoby nachat'",-- shepchet odin avantyurist drugomu".
Vtoroe znachenie etogo vyrazheniya -- "dat' duba, otkinut'sya", o chem my
uzhe kak-to govorili. Smotrite slovarik v konce knizhki, tam vy najdete eshche
mnogo raznyh vyrazhenij so slovom "kick". Nu, a chto kasaetsya vzyatki vorotilam
shou-biznesa, tak bitly ee tak-taki i ne dali. A ved' ih pervyj disk mog
vyjti eshche v 1962 godu.
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-- We must stuff our jackets with more canteens. -- My dolzhny vzyat' v
svoj boekomplekt pobol'she flyazhek s vodoj,-- govorit kapitanu serzhant Timoti.
Vtoroe (esli vse predydushchie sluchai mozhno ob®edinit' v odno) znachenie
glagola stuff budet, kak ni stranno, "vrat', durit', obmanyvat'".
-- We have to stuff our enemies. -- My dolzhny obmanut' nashih vragov, --
mudro rassuzhdaet serzhant Timoti. Timpson, predlagaya kapitanu ustroit'
zasadu.
T.e. plohim. Kogda korol' reshil ego kaznit', Dzhona sprosili o ego
poslednem zhelanii. "Rediska" Dzhon poprosil, chtoby ego imya bylo uvekovecheno.
Korol' prikololsya: vzyal da i nazval muzhskoj tualet Dzhonom. S teh por, a
mozhet, i ne s teh the John po-anglijski eshche i muzhskoj tualet.
No imya Dzhon povyazano ne tol'ko s "sortiricheskoj" temoj. John Hancock,
ili John Henry,-- eto po-amerikanski znachit "podpis'", "avtograf",
"krestik"...
Primer.
Nash znakomyj kovboj Dzhon prodal svoj uchastok sosedu Billu. Oba
priyatelya, ne snimaya svoih shirokopolyh shlyap, vvalilis' k notariusu, chtoby vse
dokumental'no oformit'.
-- Gotovo! -- pomahal notarius bumazhnym listkom v vozduhe.-- Put your
John Hancock on this paper, guys! -- Rebyata, postav'te svoi podpisi pa etoj
bumage!
A John Doe u amerikancev vse ravno chto nash Pushkin ili Mister Iks, t.e.
kto-to neizvestnyj.
-- Tak kto zhe obchistil sejf? -- Komissar Le Peshen podnes zazhzhennuyu
spichku k samomu nosu podozrevaemogo. -- Kto? Dzhon Do, po-vashemu? Oh uzh etot
Dzhon Do! Serzhant Holduin. uvedite zaderzhannogo!
Kak vidim, imya Dzhon dostatochno populyarno v ustnom narodnom tvorchestve
ot Britanskih ostrovov do Beringova proliva. |to bol'shaya chest' nazyvat'sya
Dzhonom, kak, vprochem, i Dikom.
Nu, poka vse. Sprashivajte, esli chto neponyatno. YA povtoryu.
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met, no s zemli po vertoletu lupyat iz "Kalashnikovyh" kokainovye
kommandos.
-- Fuck! -- krichit serzhant Timoti Timpsoi pilotu.-- Get out of here! --
Smatyvaemsya otsyuda! We're all gonna die here! -- My zdes' vse pogibnem!
I vertolet, kruto razvernuvshis', bystro nabiraet vysotu. Fu, ele ushli.
Primer dva.
Posle moshchnoj vecherinki Dzhordzh dolgo ne mozhet otyskat' svoyu odezhdu sredi
razbrosannyh po domu lifchikov, pustyh butylok, prezervativov, natyanutyh pa
vse svechi...
-- Bozhe,-- mychit Dzhordzh,-- ved' segodnya priezzhaet Sara. Nado bystro vse
ubrat'.
No, zajdya v gostinuyu, Dzhordzh vidit, chto opozdal: Sari sidit na
kortochkah i zastegivaet svoi ogromnyj chemodan, lezhashchij na polu.
-- Wha'd you wanna say by that, Sa ra?-- CHto ty hochesh' skazat' etim,
Sara? -- delaet vid, chto nichego ne ponimaet, Dzhordzh.-- Wha' you're gonna do?
-- CHto ty sobiraesh'sya delat'?
-- G t gonna leave yah (ja -- tak oni inogda govoryat vmesto you),
George. -- YA sobirayus' ujti ot tebya, Dzhordzh,-- otvechaet Sira, prodolzhaya
zastegivat' tugoj zamok.
-- Bozhe, kak ty zhestoka,-- burchit Dzhordzh, otpravlyayas' ni kuhnyu glotnut'
kapuchino...
Sinonimami glagola must -- "dolzhen" yavlyayutsya bolee myagkie should i have
to. Anglichane po starinke ispol'zuyut have s get kak hare got to. Vot ot.etoj
ustarevshej gromozdkoj have 'got to -- "dolzhen" postepenno otletel have, a to
prikleilos' k got, i vse eto vmeste pereroslo v gotta, kotoroe i
ispol'zuetsya v znachenii "obyazan/dolzhen". Amerikancy, govorya o svoem
anglijskom yazyke, nazyvayut sebya
93
lenivoj naciej -- v tom plane, chto oni ne tol'ko vse uproshchayut, a ochen'
nevnyatno i rasslablenno proiznosyat mnogie zvuki. Tak, "t" u nih ne s
prizvukom "c", kak u britancev, a rasslablen do zvuchaniya legkogo "d". Vot
pochemu amerikancy water proiznosyat kak "uode". Dvojnoe "t" zvuchit voobshche kak
nechto srednee mezhdu "d" i "r", i nam kazhetsya, chto oni govoryat ne "gotta", a.
skoree, "gara".
Nash serzhant morskoj pehoty Timpson hodit vdol' stroya novobrancev i
strashchaet:
-- You got no rights, guys. -- U vas, rebyata, zdes' net nikakih prav.
You gotta obey my orders whatever you do. -- Vy dolzhny slushat'sya moih
prikazov, chto by vy ni delali. You gotta do whatever I say wherenever I go.
-- Vy obyazany delat' vse, chto by ya ni govoril, gde by ya ni byl...
Krutoj serzhant, pravda? Napomnil mne moego serzhanta Sokolova iz
"uchebki". On iz menya cheloveka sdelal. Davajte vyp'em za nashih serzhantov,
lepivshih iz nas muzhchin.-Urok, ponyatno, preryvaetsya. Dumayu, chto s "gottoj"
vse bolee ili menee yasno...
Tut menya sprashivali, chto iz. nashih urokov "krutogo inglisha" .mozhno
upominat' na ekzamene. Otvechayu: v Amerike -- vse, na ekzamene -- NICHEGO!
Delo v tom, chto nashi otechestvennye prepodavateli anglijskogo hot'
specialisty i horoshie, no uzh ochen' konservativnye i pridirchivo otnosyatsya ko
vsemu, chto svyazano s malejshimi otkloneniyami ot pravil, i vedut s etim
neprimirimuyu bor'bu. K primeru, u nas v inyaze kanadskie prepodavateli v
odnom i tom zhe tekste nahodyat oshibok v dva raza men'she, chem prepody
otechestvennye, tak kak otnosyatsya k svoemu rodnomu yazyku bolee loyal'no -- kak
k zhivomu obrazovaniyu, a ne kak k chemu-to okamenevshemu. U nashih -- "shag
vpravo, shag vlevo -- i ohrana strelyaet bez preduprezhdeniya". U menya,
priznayus', v svoe vremya razvilsya kompleks sobstvennoj nepolnocennosti. A
proizoshlo eto posle togo, kak ya poluchil nazad svoe sochinenie, vse
ispeshchrennoe krasnoj ruchkoj: gde zapyataya vstavlena, gde slovo zameneno... Mne
stalo kazat'sya, chto lyuboe moe sobstvennoe "nachertanie" porochno s tochki
zreniya anglijskoj grammatiki, leksiki, stilistiki i chert znaet eshche chego. I
togda ya, samomu sebe bolee ne doveryaya, prinyalsya stoprocentno sdirat' vse
sochineniya s original'nyh istochnikov. Tak v kachestve ekzamenacionnogo
sochineniya po domashnemu chteniyu ya dobrosovestno perepisal tekst s poslednej
stranicy knizhki v myagkoj oblozhke, gde vkratce izlagalas' sut' povesti
Fitcdzheral'da "Tender is the night". Vse, chto ya napisal sam, bylo: Michael
Goldencov, group 418 -- imya i nomer gruppy. Poluchil pyat' s minusom --
propustil-taki zapyatuyu. |tot zhe tryuk i, kak ni stranno, s etoj zhe knizhkoj ya
povtoril na pyatom kurse. Vopros stoyal tol'ko
94
v tom, chem zhe zanyat'sya na otvedennyh pod sochinenie dvuh parah. Net,
prosto ya hochu skazat',.chto u chereschur konservativnogo otnosheniya
prepodavatelej k tvorchestvu svoih st®yudents est' i drugaya storona.
SHtat YUta. Gory. Zakat. Dzhon i Bill v svoih shirokopolyh shlyapah, s
kotorymi oni ne rasstayutsya dazhe v tualete, edut na konyah mimo vysokoj gory.
U Dzhona horoshee nastroenie, i on uzhe v pyatyj raz za nedelyu reshaet podkolot'
druga odnoj i toj zhe shutkoj:
-- Smotri: al'pinist. Povis na odnoj ruke..
-- Are you kidding? -- sprashivaet Bill, vsmatrivayas' v sklon gory.
-- No kiddings. -- Bez shutok,-- otvechaet Dzhon.
No kogda Bill uzhe polchasa pyalitsya na goru v poiske nesushchestvuyushchego
al'pinista, nastroenie u Dzhona propadaet.
95
-- Let's go, Billy. -- Poehali, Billi,-- govorit on ustalo.-- No any
climber, Billy.-- Net tam nikakogo al'pinista. -- It was joke. -- |to byla
shutka.
Iz primera vidno, chto kak sushchestvitel'noe "shutka" bol'she upotreblyaetsya
joke, a kak glagol "shutit'" -- to kid.
-- Metkij Strelok, govorish'? -- usmehnuvshis', hlopaet pomoshchnika po
plechu komissar.-- Tell it to Sweeny. -- Rasskazhi eto Svini...
Kto zhe on takoj, etot Svini? V amerikanskom slenge -- eto takoj
prostofilya, kotoromu mozhno lyubuyu lapshu na ushi veshat'. Pover'te. No tol'ko li
Svini takoj doverchivyj? Sejchas uvidim.
-- Vot kogda ya sluzhil v morskoj pehote, Majk, -- vskidyvaet svoyu "pushku
" Le Peshen, -- menya ne nazyvali ni Metkim Strelkom (bah!), ni. Sokolinym
Glazom (bah!). U menya byla smeshnaya klichka. Kok.
-- Kok?
-- : Da, serzhant. Kok. A vse potomu, chto ya bral kartofelinu (bah!) i,
podbrasyvaya ee v vozduh, strelyal (bah!). Prichem tak, chto pulyami schishchal vsyu
sheluhu. Kartofelinu v sup potom mozhno bylo kidat' (bah!).
Komissar zakonchil strel'bu i, snyav naushniki, otoshel v storonu. Zakuril,
doveriv serzhantu izuchenie ego misheni.
-- Nu?
-- U vas dve "vos'merki " i tri "moloka ", mister Kok, -- usmehaetsya
Holduin. -- Tell your story to mariners. -- Rasskazyvajte svoyu istoriyu
matrosam.
Aga, znachit, amerikancy schitayut, chto v morskoj bratii -- takie zhe
prostaki, kak i Svini. Nado budet zapomnit'.
97
I VNOVX CHUTX-CHUTX
ZOOLOGII, ili O tom, chto yaki byvayut raznye
Sejchas pogovorim o "yakah". Net, ne o bykah, a ob anglijskih razgovornyh
yak i yuck. Esli "yak" pisat' kak yak, to eto budet oznachat' "treplivyj",
"boltlivyj". A esli pisat' yuck, to eto -- "gryaznyj". V bytovyh razgovorah
slova "gryaznyj", "ispachkannyj" ya slyshal kak yuck, yucky, oni upotreblyalis'
chashche, chem dirty, kotoroe yavlyaetsya bolee universal'nym: dirty sex --
"pornuha", dirty scandral -- "merzavec, podlec".
Primer pervyj. Malysh pribegaet domoj,
a mamasha ego otchityvaet:
-- |ndi, posmotri pa svoi kolenki i ruki! Yucky! -- Gryaznulya!
Primer vtoroj.
Muzh prihodit domoj, poshatyvayas' i s bol'shim opozdaniem, i zhena ego
otchityvaet:
-- |ndi! Opyat' zaderzhalsya na konferencii? Ha! Dumaesh', ya ne znayu, s kem
ty byl? You, dirty rotten scandral! -- Gryaznyj prognivshij podlec!
Teper' primer na yak.
Tot zhe muzh, na kotorogo tak sil'no naezzhala zhena, krichit v otvet:
-- Stop yakking! -- Prekrati trepat'sya!..
98
Nu, dal'she uzhe neinteresno, Terpet' ne mogu semejnyh skandalov. Dlya nas
zhe glavnoe -- eto zapomnit' nashih dvuh (bezrogih) "yakov". Zapomnili? Vtorogo
zhelatel'no ne upotreblyat'. Ne sovetuyu.
99
-- "Oni takie klassnye!" -- perevodil nash paren', chertyhayas' pro sebya
i, navernoe, dumaya: nu chego eto oni zaladili svoe "bananas"? A togo i
zaladili, chto u amerikancev slovo "bananas" upotreblyaetsya kak "crazy", t.e.
"sumasshedshij", "nenormal'nyj", "neobychnyj", "pridurkovatyj", "shizanutyj",
"prikol'nyj" i t.d. V principe perevodchik pravil'no vse perevel, hot'
"bananas" i neskol'ko sbil ego s tolku . No nas-to eto uzhe navernyaka ne
smutit. My teper' znaem, chto vse eto znachit.
govorit' yes. poschitav, vidimo, za styd, chto russkij styodent vrode kak
pokazyvaet primer horoshego literaturnogo yazyka. Da, kak ni stranno, no u
konservatorov anglichan yeah vmesto yes prizhilos' luchshe, chem u modernistski
vse uproshchayushchih yanki. Ochen' chasto anglichane na kanadskij maner govoryat ne
yes, a yap (jap), i ne po, a pore (noup) -- tozhe po-kanadski. Kstati, i
amerikancy obozhayut vse eti "japy" i "noupy", tak chto ne teryajtes', ne
tushujtes', ne pugajtes' i ne panikujte, kogda uslyshite, chto vash sobesednik
vmesto yes i po upotreblyaet yap i pore. No eto ne urok. Sam ne znayu, chto eto
bylo.
A vot eshche odin interesnyj frazeologizm: over the hill, chto znachit "uzhe
ne tot".
Komissar Le Peshen gonitsya za prestupnikom, v pryzhke nastigaet ego,
valit, zashchelkivaet na zapyast'yah merzavca naruchniki i, vytiraya pot s lica
tyl'noj storonoj ladoni i tyazhelo dysha, saditsya na lezhashchego negodyaya sverhu.
-- CHto-to ya sovsem vybilsya iz sil,-- govorit sam sebe komissar.-- Well,
I'm over the hill. -- Da uzh, ya ne tot, chto ran'she...
-- Oil. come on Jonney,-- Mik pytaetsya utrom rasshevelit' Dzhona,
vernuvshegosya nakanune so slavnoj vecherinki, odnako ego drug nikak ne mozhet
protrezvet'.-- Come on, get up, John. -- Nu davaj zhe, podnimajsya. Yeah dear.
You are over the hill. -- M-da. ty uzhe ne tot. chto byl ran'she,-- zaklyuchaet
Mik. vspominaya, kak Dzhon rezvo podskakival v proshlom godu posle bolee krutyh
p'yanok.
102
103
| Vmesto | Pishite |
| advice/ inform | say/ tell/ let us know |
| along these lines | like |
| on the order of | as/ according to |
| at an early date/ at your earliest convenience | soon/ today/ next week/ a specific date |
| at this. time/ at the present time/ at this writing | now/ at present |
| check to cover | check for |
| due to the fact that | because |
| for the purpose of | for |
| forward | send |
| free of charge | free |
| in accordance with | according to |
| in advance of/ prior to | before |
| in compliance with | as you requested |
| in the amount of | for |
| in the event that | if/ in case |
| kindly | please |
| of recent date | recent |
| partly | person/ a specific name |
| subsequent to | after/ since |
| the writer/ the undersigned | I/ me |
| up to this writing | untill now |
Na chto sleduet obratit' vnimanie? V pervuyu ochered' na rezyume, kotoroe
eshche nazyvayut "data sheet" ili "vita", kuda vhodit perechislenie vseh vashih
dostizhenij: kogda i kakuyu shkolu, institut i prochee uchebnoe zavedenie vy
zakonchili i kakoj i gde imeete opyt raboty. Perechislenie uchebnyh ili rabochih
mest, chto vy uvidite na primere, idet po ubyvayushchej: nachinaete s poslednego
mesta raboty i zakanchivaete samym pervym (s ukazaniem dat). Vtoroj vazhnyj
moment -- eto vashe pis'mo-zapros, gde vy -- kak by i prodavec, i tovar
odnovremenno. V vashem pis'me-applications, kak i v rezyume, no uzhe v bolee
razvernutoj forme, vy doveritel'no rasskazyvaete o sebe, o svoem opyte
raboty... Koroche, staraetes' ponravit'sya svoemu adresatu. Applications
byvayut dvuh vidov. Pervyj vid -- eto pis'mo-hodatajstvo. Ego vy pishete, esli
otvechaete na ob®yavlenie kakoj-nibud' firmy. V nem obyazatel'no dolzhna
prisutstvovat' ssylka na ob®yavlenie ili na tot istochnik, gde vy vychitali eto
samoe ob®yavlenie. Vot primer pis'ma-hodatajstva:
143 
ambish n. ambition. Americano n. amerikanec. ammo n. amuniciya (lyubaya).
ants in one's pants n. phr. doslovno: "murav'i v shtanah", a po-russki: "kak
na igolkah": During the match Jane's got ants in her pants shouting and
twisting all over.-- Vo- vremya matcha Dzhejn slovno na igolkah sidela. Ona
krutilas' i vopila kak sumasshedshaya.
armo n. vooruzhenie, proizvodnoe ot "armored".
apple pie order n. phr. v azhure, "chiki-piki", poryadok: When they came
back
everything was in apple-pie order.-- Kogda oni vernulis', to vse uzhe
bylo v azhure, komnata byla pribrana.
around the clock adv. phr. eta izvestnaya po samomu pervomu rok-n-rollu
Billi Hejli "Rock Around The Clock" (1954 g.) fraza perevoditsya ne kak "Rok
vokrug chasov", kak inogda mozhno vstretit', no kak "Rok kruglye sutki", ibo
"around the clock" i znachit "vse 24 chasa v sutki".
159
around the corner adv. phr. ne za gorami, vot-vot, na podhode: I've got
a feeling there's another adventure for us just around the corner. -- U menya
takoe oshchushchenie, chto nas zhdet eshche odno priklyuchenie, i ono uzhe ne za gorami,--
govorit serzhant Timoti svoemu pomoshchniku posle dlitel'noj perestrelki v
dzhunglyah Sajgona.
as luck would get it adv. po vole sluchaya, na avos', naudachu, pust' vse
idet, kak idet: -- As luck would have it no one was over there when the
explosion occurred.-- Po schastlivoj sluchajnosti vo vremya vzryva tam nikogo
ne okazalos',-- dokladyvaet serzhant Holduin komissaru Le Peshenu.
as the crow flies adv. po pryamoj, napryamuyu. -- This city is seven miles
by the road but it is only two as the crow/lies.-- Do goroda po doroge mil'
sem' budet, no po pryamoj -- eto gde-to okolo dvuh mil' vsego,-- govorit
Miku, Dzhonu i Dzhejn voditel' mashiny, kotoruyu rebyata tormoznuli vo vremya
hich-hajkinga.
ass n. zadnica, kozel... Koroche, vse oskorbitel'nye obzyvalki velikogo
russkogo yazyka ulozhilis' v odno-edinstvennoe anglijskoe "es". Vo vremena
Somerseta Moema eto slovo perevodilos' kak '"osel": -- There're only ass
holes around.-- Vse kozly,-- vshlipyvaet p'yanyj v dym bomzh, kotorogo volochet
v uchastok policejskij patrul'.
ass hole, arse (hole), butt (hole) sm. ass.
At/at tak inogda pishut it, chtoby peredat' slengovost' govoryashchego. A
esli chestno, to it i at dejstvitel'no pohozhi po proiznosheniyu. -
at bay adv. v tupike, bez vyhoda: The police chased the maniac to a
roof where they held him at bay.-- Policiya zagnala man'yaka na kryshu, bol'she
emu bylo nekuda bezhat'.
at any rate adv. v lyubom sluchae, po-vsyakomu.- A t any rate it was not
too expensive. Vo vsyakom sluchae eto ne slishkom dorogo.
at death's door adv., adj. na poroge smerti, na volosok ot gibeli: The
sergeant seemed to be at the death's door.-- Kazalos', chto serzhant byl na
volosok ot smerti. (No zatem etot volos prevratilsya v kanat, i paren'
vykarabkalsya. Vot kakoj strashnyj son snilsya serzhantu Holduinu.)
at ease adj. (voen.) "vol'no!", udobstvo: -- A t ease! -- Vol'no! --
komanduet Timoti Timpson soldatam, stoyashchim navytyazhku v stroyu.
160
at first blush adv. phr. s pervogo vzglyada, ponachalu, po pervomu
vpechatleniyu; At first blush the offer looked good.-- Na pervyj vzglyad
predlozhenie vyglyadelo zamanchivym (a na vtoroj -- uzhe net).
at sea adj. A vot eto hot' i perevoditsya doslovno "na more", na samom
dele oznachaet "rasteryannost', stupor, konfuz, neznanie, chto delat' dal'she":
Situation was difficult. John was at sea.-- Situaciya skladyvalas' neprostaya.
Dzhon ne znal, chto delat'.
at sixes and sevens adj. phr. kto v les, kto po drova, kucha mala,
besporyadok.
at the tip of one's tongue "na konchike yazyka", t. e. pochti uzhe
skazannyj. Vidite, u nas i u amerikancev odinakovyj oborot rechi.
V
babbling brook n. boltun'ya, spletnica.
babe in the woods n. phr. kak rebenok, slovno s Luny svalivshis', t.e.
sovsem ne znat', chto delat', okazat'sya v neznakomoj obstanovke: -- The place
around us was strange, we stood as babes in the wood.-- Mesto bylo
neznakomoe,-- rasskazyvaet Timoti Timpson o svoem pervom dne na zemle
V'etnama pod flagom US.-- I my stoyali, kak barany, slovno s Luny
svalilis'...
baby n. laskovoe obrashchenie parnya k devushke, devushki k parnyu, chto-to
tipa nashih "kroshka", "detka", "zajka"...
back off v. 1. prekrashchat' porot' chush', zatykat'sya; 2. govorit' tishe i
medlennee: Well, OK, guy, now back off and all again.-- Tak, horosho, paren',
uspokojsya. i to zhe samoe, tol'ko vdvoe pomedlennee...
back out v. ne sderzhat' obeshchanie, "delat' zapadlo": -- You are rotten
rat, Dan! First you agree to help me with this fucking business and then you
back me out! -- Ty, gnilaya krysa, Den! Vnachale ty soglashaesh'sya pomoch' mne v
etom dele. blin. a teper' delaesh' mne zapadlo, otkazyvaesh'!
back up v. 1. dvigat'sya nazad, vozvrashchat'sya: The caravan was backing
up.-- Karavan vozvrashchalsya; 2. pomogat', podderzhivat' ili sobirat'sya eto
sdelat': I'm gonnajoin the Army and my dad actually is backing me up.-- YA
sobirayus' pojti v armiyu, i moj papasha menya odobryaet; 3. podstrahovyvat' (v
igre): -- Back me up, Johnny! -- Podstrahuj menya, esli ya poteryayu myach,
Dzhonni! -- krichit Mik
161
Dzhonu; 4.p. vspomogatel'nyj: -- Fire's not letting up! We badly need a
back up fire squad! -- Ogon' ne umen'shaetsya! Nam srochno nuzhna
vspomogatel'naya (dopolnitel'naya) pozharnaya komanda! -- krichit po racii
komissar, begaya pered bushuyushchim plamenem, ob®yavshim to mesto, gde oni s
serzhantom tol'ko chto "zamknuli " toster, pytayas' ego usovershenstvovat' --
prisposobit' dlya molnienosnogo podzharivaniya buterbrodov .
back to the wall adv. phr. v zapadne, bez vyhoda: Idet perestrelka.
Komissar Le Peshen i serzhant Holduin pytalis' zamanit' v zasadu bandu
naperstochnikov, no vot uzhe sami stoyat, upershis' spinami v stenu tupika, i
komissar, perekryvaya vystrely, krichit: -- We got our backs to the wall! --
My v zasade (nas oblozhili)!
bad egg n. "bol'naya ovca v stade", "v sem'e ne bez uroda".
bad paper i. chto-to tipa belorusskih "zajchikov", cheki, kotorye bol'she
ne imeyut cennosti: -- All my money turned into bad papers! -- Vse moi den'gi
prevratilis' v zhalkie bumazhki!
bad shit n. (grub.) mnogo der'ma, slishkom mnogo plohogo: Komissar Le
Peshen i serzhant Holduin zakonchili dlinnoe i slozhnoe delo kokainovoj mafii, i
komissar oblegchenno vzdyhaet: -- I'm pretty tired of this fucking case. Too
many bad shit.-- YA prilichno ustal ot etogo proklyatogo dela. Slishkom uzh mnogo
der'ma v nem bylo.
ball game n. pojmat' sinyuyu pticu-udachu, ubit' dvuh zajcev srazu: -- You
say we sap get a second mortgage? Wow! That's a whole new ball game! --
Govorish', chto my mozhem poluchit' vtoroj zaem? Uau! Da eto zhe dvuh zajcev
odnim vystrelom!
balls ya. yajca (muzhskie polovye organy, inogda i kak nuts) , shary (no i
myachi tozhe).
ball of fire n. informal chelovek, kogo pryamo raspiraet energiya,
giperaktivnyj: Ne is really pretty shy guy. but actually he is a ball of
fire.-- On, mozhet, vyglyadit kak skromnyj paren',-- opisyvaet svoim druz'yam
Dzhon Mika,-- no na samom dele on prosto sgustok energii!
bananas adj. shizanutyj, marazmaticheskij, idioticheskij, ofonarevshij,
poehavshij, s pribambasom, neobychnyj: -- Your new dress is cool! You look
bananas! -- Tvoe novoe plat'e takoe prikol'noe! Polnyj atas!
bananas oil n. 1. vlivanie meda v ushi, naglaya lest': / say we get him,
John. This kind of guys who loves to get bananas oil.-- A ya tebe govoryu, chto
paren' u nas pod kolpakom. On prinadlezhit k tipu
162
lyudej, chto obozhayut, kogda im vlivayut med v ushi,-- govorit Mik drugu
Dzhonu, obsuzhdaya, kak luchshe podlizat'sya i vyudit' u odnogo priyatelya mashinu na
vecher; 2. seroe veshchestvo, truha, mozgi to bish': Come on, bud dy, move your
bananas oil. - Nu, davaj, priyatel', sheveli mozgoj svoej,-- umolyaet Mika Dzhon
na ekzamene, kogda Mik muchitel'no pytaetsya reshit' za Dzhona zadachku po
matematike.
bananas truck n. tupoj, pridurok, shizoid, idiot.
bang v. zanimat'sya seksom, to fuck, trahat'; inogda upotreblyaetsya kak
"bit'".
bang-up adj. 1. beremennaya: Oh, gosh! What I am supposed to do?! Maggy
is bang-up again! -- Kozhe pravednyj! CHto zhe mne delat'?! Meggi vnov' v
zalete! -- sokrushaetsya kovboj Bill. U nego i tak predostatochno detej i
bol'she on imet' ne zhelaet; 2. (bol'she britanskij, chem amerikanskij variant)
ochen' udachnyj: Mick has done a bang-up job for the team.-- Dlya komandy Mik
sosluzhil otlichnuyu sluzhbu.
bank on v. informal nadeyat'sya, rasschityvat': All the college's
students, were banking on the Tigers to do their best in the championship
game.-- Vse studenty kolledzha nadeyalis', chto "Tigry" sdelayut vse vozmozhnoe v
predstoyashchej igre chempionata vuzov strany.
be getting on staret', perebivat'sya: -- Hi! How are you getting on,
buddy! -- Privet! Kak pozhivaesh'!
bear trap n. (sleng avtolyubitelej) "medvezh'ya lovushka" -- policejskij
radar dlya opredeleniya skorosti.
beat about the bush v. phr. "toloch' vodu v stupe", "perelivat' iz
pustogo v porozhnee", "hodit' vokrug da okolo", "zuby zagovarivat'": Na
press-konferencii prezidentov Busha i Gorbacheva odin zhurnalist, vhodya v
konferenc-zal i ukazyvaya na chto-to s entuziazmom govoryashchego russkogo
prezidenta, sprashivaet u kollegi iz "Si-|n-|n ": -- Gorby is still beating
about the bush, yeah?-- Gorbi vse eshche l'et vodu, da?
beat it v. bystren'ko smyvat'sya, ubirat'sya: -- Beat it, boy, the coach
said, we don't want you with us. -- Uhodi, paren', my ne hotim bol'she s
toboj igrat',-- skazal trener.
beat the bushes v. phr. ne putat' s beat about the bush. Esli
predshestvuyushchee vyrazhenie nuzhno ponimat' kak "toloch' vodu v stupe, duraka
valyat'", to eto oznachaet sovsem obratnoe: "vyvernut'sya naiznanku, lob
rasshibit'": Billy was beating the bushes forgetting money to build a new
playground. -- Billi v lepeshku rasshibalsya, starayas' dostat' den'gi na
postrojku novoj igrovoj ploshchadki.
163
beauty sleep n. phr. eto vyrazhenie ne putat' so "spyashchej krasavicej",
hotya po smyslu oni ochen' blizki. B'yuti slip oznachaet vzdremnut' ili zhe
polezhat' v temnoj komnate, chtoby zatem vyjti k gostyam svezhej i krasivoj.
Dumayu, chto i Klaudiya SHiffer i Sindi Kroufford obyazatel'no take a beauty
sleep before the performance or party.
beef up v. usilit', uprochit', podkrepit': We beefed up our squad with
more vehicles.-- My ukrepili nashe otdelenie eshche neskol'kimi mashinami,--
dokladyvaet po racii Timoti Timpson v sosednij batal'on. University actually
beefed up coaching by two good guys. -- Nash universitet ukrepil komandu
dvumya klassnymi trenerami,-- soobshchaet Mik Dzhonu.
bee in one's bonnet n. phr. "shleya pod hvost", durackaya ideya, blazh',
shiza: You are talking nothing but California trip! What the bee in your
bonnet about this California trip! -- Ty tol'ko i govorish', chto o poezdke v
Kaliforniyu! I sdalas' tebe eta poezdka!
between the devil and the deep blue sea adv. phr. "mezh dvuh ognej": --
Nu i rabotenka,-- govorit komissar serzhantu.-- Esli ya otkazhus', to prognevayu
nachal'stvo, no esli soglashus', to prognevayu bruklinskuyu mafiyu. So I'm
between the hell and the deep blue sea.-- Tak chto ya mezh dvuh ognej...
bi adj. biseksual'nyj, sokrashchenno ot bisexual.
big daddy adj. "vazhnaya shishka", bol'shoj nachal'nik: Dvoe byvshih
odnoklassnikov edut v lifte los-andzhelesskogo neboskreba v ofis svoego
byvshego odnoklassnika Billi. Odin govorit: Only don't say Billy, he is
already a big daddy.-- Tol'ko ne nazyvaj ego Billi. On zhe uzhe vazhnaya shishka.
bigmouth n. treplo: Frank is a bigmouth who cannot be trusted...--
Frenk treplo, emu nel'zya doveryat'...
big stink n. bol'shoj skandal, sensaciya. It's gonna be a big stink if
they publish that.-- Esli eto opublikuyut, to budet bol'shoj skandal.
big time n. 1. klassnoe (chetkoe, klevoe) vremya: -- Wow, Jolmney! I
really had a big time in the night club last nighti -- Uau, Dzhonni! YA v
samom dele otlichno otorvalsya v nochnom klube vchera vecherom!; 2. elitarnaya,
lidiruyushchaya, privilegirovannaya gruppa ili klass: -- Many enter our college,
but few reach a big time.-- Mnogie postupayut v nash kolledzh, no nemnogie
stanovyatsya luchshimi ego predstavitelyami,-- govorit na sobranii pervokursnikov
direktor prestizhnogo bostonskogo kolledzha.
big-time adj. krutoj, vazhnyj: Paul started singing on big-time
television.-- Pasha nachal pet' po "krutomu" telekanalu.
164
biker n. roker, motociklist: Biker like an icon...-- Motociklist, nu
pryamo kak na kartinke (vidite, anglichane ne bol'no-taki razlichayut chisto
religioznoe prednaznachenie ikon),-- poet Pol Makkartni v odnoimennoj pesne.
bird has flown phr. ptichka vyskol'znula iz kletki, poezd ushel.
Govoritsya v moment, kogda kto-to smylsya iz-pod samogo nosa: -- The bird has
flown.-- Ptichka uletela,-- splevyvaet komissar, obnaruzhiv, chto remni,
svyazyvavshie prestupnika, razrezany, a samogo negodyaya i sled prostyl.
bird in the hand is worth two in the bush "luchshe sinica v ruke, chem
zhuravl' v nebe". U amerikancev, kak vidim, vnimanie sosredotocheno na kustah.
bite the dust v. phr. byt' bitym, proigrat': "...another one bites the
dust.-- ... eshche odin proigral",-- poet gruppa "Queen".
bitch n. suka.
bitch v. zhalovat'sya, yabednichat': This bitch is always hitching.-- |ta
gadyuka vechno zhaluetsya.
black out v. 1. zatemnyat' (ubirat') svet: -- This is a very cool play.
I love it when they black out the stage and actors speak in darkness for a
short time. -- Klassnaya p'esa. Osobenno mne ponravilos' to, chto, kogda
zatemnyayut scenu, aktery prodolzhayut govorit' v temnote"', 2. zamalchivat'
(informaciyu): This fucking paper usually blacks out all criticism of tire
President.-- |ta proklyataya gazeta vsegda zamalchivaet lyubuyu kritiku politiki
prezidenta; 3. poteryat' nad soboj kontrol', otklyuchit'sya, upast' v obmorok/
It's been a hard day for her and she suddenly blacked out.-- Unee byl
trudnyj den®, i k vecheru ona neozhidanno poteryala soznanie.
blast off v. 1. zapuskat' (raketu na orbitu/- The astronaut will blast
off into orbit at six o'clock.-- Astronavtov zapustyat na orbitu v shest'
chasov; 2. protestovat', vozmushchat'sya; The coach blasted off at the Tigers for
poor football.-- Trener "tigrov" sil'no vozmushchalsya po povodu ih slaboj igry.
blow-job n. minet.
blow one's stack, ili blow a fuse, ili blow one's top v. vyjti za
ramki, vzbesit'sya, poteryat' kontrol' nad soboj: Your dad will blow his fuse
if he knows about that.-- Tvoj batya lopnet ot zlosti, esli uznaet pro eto,--
govorit Mik Dzhonu, kogda bejsbol'nyj myach moshchno otbityj Dzhonom, vybivaet okno
v kabinete direktora kolledzha.
blow one's mind v. otshibat' mozgi, t.e. rehnut'sya na chem-libo, poteryat'
sposobnost' soobrazhat': Johnney blew his mind on football.-- Dzhonni pryamo
poteryal golovu ot futbola.
165
blow the whistle on v. 1. "stuchat'", "kapat'", "zakladyvat'": Le Pechen
caught one guy who then blew the whistle on all the rest.-- Le Peshen
zaderzhal parnya, kotoryj zatem sdal, kak posudu, vsyu svoyu bandu; 2.
zapreshchat', "delat' v padlu": They blew Le whistle on gambling.-- Azartnye
igry byli zapreshcheny.
blow up v. 1. vzryvat', razrushat': -- We blew charlies up! -- My
pustili "charli" na vozduh!-- dokladyvaet po racii Timpson; 2. vzryvat'sya
(vyhodit' iz sebya): -- News is no! good: Only don't blow up! -- Novost' ne
to chtoby horoshaya, poetomu ne vyhodi iz sebya,-- preduprezhdaet serzhant Holduin
svoego temperamentnogo komissara; 3. oblamyvat'sya (rasstraivat'sya), sdavat'
(igru): -- At the middle of the match the goalkeeper of tire other team
suddenly blew up andwe got the winning runs.-- Vdrug v seredine matcha
vratar' drugoj komandy kak-to oblomilsya, i my sdelali igru; 4. razduvat',
preuvelichivat': The paper blew the news up.-- Gazety razduli etu novost' do
razmerov chego-to, dejstvitel'no, vazhnogo; 5. uvelichivat' (fotografiyu,
kopiyu): -- I wanna get this picture of the criminal twice blown up.-- YA by
hotel, chtoby foto prestupnika uvelichili vdvoe; 6. prigonyat' plohuyu pogodu:
The wind has blown up the storm.-- Veter prignal shtorm.
blow up n. razborka, burnaya ssora: -- Well, well, well,-- kachaet
golovoj komissar Le Peshen, glyadya na gory trupov -- final burnogo vyyasneniya
otnoshenijmezhdu dvumya mafioznymi gruppirovkami.-- That was a pretty big mob
blow-up. -- M-da, eto byla prilichnaya gangsterskaya razborochka.
blunder (a takzhe sinonimy to fuck up, screw up, foul up, mess up, goof
up) v. lazhat', unizhat', portachit', "delat' zapadlo".
bog down v. uvyaznut', zavyaznut', tormozit': The idea was bogged down in
a long discussion.-- Ideya zavyazla v dolgom obsuzhdenii.
bonehead n. tupoj, pridurok, derevyannyj.
bong (bump, hump) v. To zhe, chto i fuck, tol'ko bolee vezhlivo. Osobenno
populyarno eto slovo stalo sredi anglichan v konce vos'midesyatyh.
boner (hard-on) i. erection, t.e. erekciya.
bonk v. to zhe, chto "fuck". Takzhe voshlo v modu vo vtoroj polovine
vos'midesyatyh. Vot pochemu anglijskie studenty-praktikanty, priezzhavshie v nash
institut na stazhirovku, tak ozhivlyalis', kogda videli uchebnik Bonk.
boobs (tits, boobies, knockers) n. zhenskaya grud', grudi. Dostatochno
rasprostranennoe i vovse ne vul'garnoe (kak eto vydaet "Pinguin English
Pocket Dictionary") nazvanie zhenskogo byusta, upotreblyaemoe prakticheski vo
vseh sloyah amerikanskogo obshchestva: -- "It's not me.-- |to ne ya,-- govorit
mne Uendi, devyatnadcatiletnyaya amerikanka, rassmatrivaya svoj portret, naskoro
narisovannyj mnoj na salfetke vo vremya lancha.-- My boobs are plain and you
made 'em big.-- Moi grudi ploskie, a ty narisoval bol'shie...
166
born with a silver spoon in one's mouth adj. phr. "rodit'sya v rubashke",
no zdes' bol'she podhodit "zhit', kak u Boga za pazuhoj".
bottle up v. spryatat', skryt': -- "Let it be bottled up for awhile;--
Pust' ob etom poka nikto ne znaet ".
bow out v. ustupat', otstupat', sdavat', otkazyvat'sya; While the group
was being cut new record the vocal got sick and had to bow out.-- Vo vremya
zapisi novoj plastinki vokalist gruppy zabolel i ne uchastvoval v etom.
boy will be boys "mal'chishki est' mal'chishki". Tak govoryat i amerikancy,
i russkie, kogda ih synov'ya vozvrashchayutsya vecherom domoj chumazymi, s
porvannymi na kolenyah dzhinsami.
brain drain n. "utechka mozgov": Russia suffered a considerable brain
drain to the West after 1917 Revolution.-- Posle revolyucii 1917 goda iz
Rossii proishodila sil'naya "utechka mozgov".
break in v. 1. probivat', vybivat' (dver'), vlamyvat'sya; The sergeant
broke in the door of the house.-- Serzhant nogoj vybil dver' doma; 2.
nachinat' startovat'; -- This guy is a cool player. He broke in as a baseball
one. Kivaya Dzhonu na novichka v futbol'noj komande, Mik govorit: -- |to
klassnyj igrok. A nachinal on kak bejsbolist.
break up v. 1. razbivat', razrushat': River ice breaks up in March. -- V
marte led na reke tronulsya; 1. teryat' prisutstvie duha, raskleivat'sya: John
was broken up after that unhappy day and did not go out of the house for two
days. -- Posle togo neschastnogo dnya ("Tigry Vostochnogo Poberezh'ya" s treskom
proigrali gastrolernoj komande) Dzhon sovsem raskleilsya i ne vyhodil iz doma
dva dnya; 3. preryvat', sryvat', zakanchivat': The discussion was very hot,
some guys kept interrupting each other, and finally broke up the meeting.--
Obsuzhdenie neudachi poslednej igry "Tigrov" bylo nastol'ko goryachim, chto
nekotorye rebyata, ne perestavavshie perebivat' drug druga, okonchatel'no
sorvali eto sobranie; 4. rassorit'sya, razrugat'sya: "These girls are so
strange! Jane and Pat were such good friends, but then they broke up only
cause I' ve appeared between them.-- Strannye vse zhe eti devchonki,--
zhaluetsya Mik Dzhonu,-- vnachale Dzhejn s Pet byli takimi horoshimi podrugami, no
stoilo mne poyavit'sya na gorizonte, kak oni razrugalis' v dym".
167
bgo' n. sokrashchennaya forma ot brother tipa pal, friend ili buddy. Kak i
mnogie drugie slovechki, eto bylo iznachal'no rasprostraneno sredi chernokozhih,
no teper' neredko vstrechaetsya i v studencheskoj srede, hot' i ne tak chasto,
kak man, baby, guy.
brother n. bratanami drug druga zovut amerikanskie negry.
brush off v. otmahivat'sya, otnekivat'sya, naplevat', ne slushat': John
brushed offMick 's warning that he might get into troubles with Bath. --
Dzhon prenebreg predosterezheniem Mika o tom, chto mozhno vlyapat'sya v
nepriyatnosti s Bet.
buddy p. (obrashchenie) priyatel', druzhishche, bratan.
bug p. zhuchok (nasekomoe), "zhuchok" (elektronnyj, "podslushka") sm.
kartinku.
bug v. 1. proslushivat' (estestvenno, s pomoshch'yu "zhuchkov"); 2.
razdrazhat', bespokoit', nadoedat': -- Alright, Billy. I do what you ask.
Only stop bugging me.-- Horosho, Billi. YA sdelayu to, chto ty prosish'. Tol'ko
hvatit ko mne pristavat'.
bug-eyed adj. s glazami po pyat' kopeek: -- Jane stood bug-eyed when I
told her we've won.-- Dzhejn stoyala s glazami-po pyat' kopeek ot udivleniya,
kogda ya ej skazal, chto my vyigrali,-- rasskazyvaet Mik Dzhonu o reakcii svoej
podrugi na ih pervyj vyigrysh u ochen' sil'nyh "bizonov" na vyezde.
build castles in the air ili build castles in Spain v. phr. stroit'
vozdushnye zamki. Kak vidim, dlya amerikancev "stroit' vozdushnye zamki" -- eto
vse ravno chto vozvodit' dvorcy v Ispanii. Vidimo, v Ispanii ochen' uzh
nevygodno zanimat'sya operaciyami s nedvizhimost'yu. Ili amerikancy schitayut, chto
eto -- samaya otdalennaya ot Ameriki strana?
bull in a china shop ih "byk v magazine farfora" eto nashe "kak slon
(medved') v posudnoj lavke": My poruchili osvobozhdenie zalozhnikov i
obezvrezhivanie banditov komissaru Le Peshenu,-- dokladyvaet policejskij,--
but he worked out as a bull in the china shop,-- no on srabotal, kak slon:
razgromil ves' bar, a osvobodil lish' polovinu zalozhnikov i vsyu bandu
upustil.
168
bull shit p. chush' sobach'ya, polnoe der'mo.
bullshit v. nesti chush' sobach'yu, zalivat': -- Stop bullshitting me! A
IIyou are talking is a bull shit! -- Hvatit nesti erundu! Vse eto chush'
sobach'ya!
burn out v. peregrevat', szhigat', vyzhigat' (ognem ili chem-to drugim):
-- Oh shit! It sounds like I burned out the engine! -- CHert poberi! --
vskrikivaet razdosadovannyj komissar Le Peshen, vyskakivaya iz avtomobilya i
otkryvaya kapot, iz kotorogo valit dym.-- Kazhetsya, ya spalil motor!
burn the candle at both ends v. phr. zarabotat'sya, pereutomit'sya,
"peregnut'sya", "zakrutit'sya kak belka v kolese", "pahat', kak kaban": -- You
study hard, work out hard, visit your French tutor twice a week, dance every
night in discotec! Stop to bum Le candle at both ends, Johnny!-- otchityvaet
svoego neugomonnogo Dzhona ego mat'.-- Ty mnogo zanimaesh'sya, mnogo
treniruesh'sya, dvazhdy v nedelyu beresh' uroki francuzskogo yazyka (nikakoj
francuzskij on ne uchit, "uchitel' francuzskogo" -- eto devchonka Dzhona,
ha-ha!), da eshche kazhdyj vecher propadaesh' na diskoteke! Hvatit gorbatit'sya!
bush p. "travka", marihuana.
butch p. "boj-baba", zhenshchina, kotoruyu anglichane i amerikancy schitayut
slishkom grubovatoj na vid.
butt p. to zhe, chto i shit, u anglichan eto chto-to vrode otravy, u
amerikancev bol'she pohozhe na der'mo. Bud'te vnimatel'ny. Ne vlyapajtes'.
butt in v. vstrevat', vsovyvat'sya (bez pros'by): Jane was explaining to
Mick his mistake when John butted in.-- Dzhejn ob®yasnyala Miku ego oshibku v
teste, kogda sovershenno neozhidanno Dzhon stal vstavlyat' svoi "dvadcat' kopeek
".
butterflies in the stomach n. phr. Kogda amerikancy govoryat "babochki v
zhivote", to imeyut v vidu takuyu volnuyushchuyu situaciyu, kotoruyu my oboznachaem
slovami "koshki skrebut", ili "murashki begayut", ili "ni zhiv, ni mertv".
Obychno eto vse vmeste: i babochki v zheludke, i koshki, i murashki, i proishodit
togda, kogda na ekzamen idesh', osobenno kogda nedouchil. Oh, kak eto mne
znakomo! (prim. avtora).
butter up v. informal umaslivat', podmazyvat'sya: Why on Earth you're
trying to butter me up ? Wanna get a day off?.-- I kakogo rozhna ty v
poslednee vremya tak mne ugozhdaesh'? Hochesh' poluchit' otgul? -- hitro
soshchurivshis', sprashivaet Le Peshen Holduina.
button one's lip p. phr. zakryt' rot, zatknut'sya, zamolchat': Le Peshen i
serzhant Holduin sidyat i slushayut, kak zaderzhannyj ugonshchik avtomobilya odnoj
vazhnoj osoby raspinaetsya o tom, chto eto yakoby ne on. Le Peshen vdrug hlopaet
ladon'yu po stolu, na krayu kotorogo po privychke sidit Holduin. Holduin
podprygivaet, a komissar rychit na ugonshchika: Could you button your fucking
lip, sir! -- He mogli by vy, blin, zatknut'sya, ser!
169
buy off v. podkupat': -- This guy got a go at buying off our police.--
|tot tip opyat' staraetsya podkupit' nashih policejskih,-- zhaluetsya komissar Le
Peshen serzhantu.
buy out v. vykupat': -- But we will buy them out back.-- A my ih
vykupim nazad,-- predlagaet serzhant.
B.Y.O.B. Bring Your Own Bottle -- tak pishut inogda v konce priglashenii
na vecherinku. Podobnoe sokrashchenie mozhet byt' srodni nashemu: K.P.S.S.--
kazhdyj prinosit s soboj; ili K.P.B.-- kazhdyj prinosit butylku.
S
cancel out v. kompensirovat', uravnoveshivat': Mick got an "S" in math
but cancelled it out by A in literature.-- Mik poluchil "si" (trojku
po-nashemu) po matematike, no kompensiroval eto "ej " (pyaterkoj, stalo byt')
po literature.
call back v. perezvonit' (po telefonu): -- Will you call him back in 5
minutes.-- Perezvonite emu, pozhalujsta, cherez pyat' minut.. .
call down ili dress down v. branit', "vstavlyat'": -- Yesterday my tutor
called me down. -- Vchera moj prepod vstavil mne po pervoe chislo.-- zhaluetsya
Dzhon Miku posle progula seminara.
call girl i, prostitutka, ta, kotoruyu mozhno vyzvat' po telefonu,
"devushka po vyzovu".
call off v. otmenyat', ostanavlivat': Mik i Dzhon sozhaleyut o tom, chto im
tak i ne udalos' srazit'sya v sostave komandy "Tigry Vostochnogo Poberezh'ya "
so studencheskim klubom iz N'yu-Jorka: -- They called off the match because of
the Bob.-- Da, match otmenili iz-za uragana "Bob",-- grustno kivaet Dzhon,
vspominaya, kak moshchnyj uragan "Bob", naletevshij na poberezh'e Massachusetsa,
sorval tu igru.
call on/upon v. 1. poseshchat', zvonit': John decided to call on an old
friend while he was in the city.-- Dzhon. buduchi v gorode, reshil navestit'
starogo druga; 2. prizyvat' (na pomoshch'): John called on Mick to give him
some money.-- Dzhon obratilsya s Miku, chtoby tot odolzhil emu nemnogo deneg.
170
call up v. 1. napominat': The picture of New York called me up my
summer vocations.-- Fotografiya N'yu-Jorka napomnila mne moi letnie kanikuly,
provedennye tam; 2. vyzyvat', priglashat': -- We called up all the witnesses.
-- My vyzvali v sud vseh svidetelej, -- govorit serzhantu Holduinu komissar
Le Peshen; 3. prizyvat', mobilizovyvat', sobirat' (sily): John called up all
his strength, pushe d past theplayers blocking him and ran for a
touchdown.-- Dzhon sobralsya s silami i, rastolkav igrokov, pytavshihsya
blokirovat' ego, brosilsya zanosit' tachdaun; 4. prosto pozvonit' po telefonu:
-- Please, call me up today at 5.-- Pozhalujsta, pozvoni mne segodnya v pyat'
chasov.
calm down v. uspokaivat'sya: -- Calm down. buddy.-- Uspokojsya (ostyn'),
priyatel',-- ugovarivaet kovboj Bill svoego vspyl'chivogo druga (Bill voshel v
salun i uvidel, chto tam i stula celogo ne ostalos').
sap of worns p. klubok problem, slozhnoe i nepriyatnoe delo: -- Your new
baby is a some can of worns! -- Tvoya novaya podruzhka -- kakie-to sploshnye
hodyachie problemy!
canteen p. flyazhka (i ne putat' so stolovoj -- "diner").
cap n. pervoe znachenie slova -- "kepka, shapka". |to vam, dumayu,
izvestno. Vtoroe, a vozmozhno, uzhe i pervoe -- sokrashchenie ot "capital", chto
znachit "zaglavnyj" (naprimer, bukva): Sekretarsha Le Peshena zvonit v redakciyu
gazety, chtoby dat' ob®yavlenie. Prochitav tekst, ona dobavlyaet: -- Yeah, all
caps.-- Da, vse zaglavnymi bukvami.
carry away v. 1. vozbuzhdat', volnovat'; 2. kajfovat', tashchit'sya: The
music was so cool that she was carried away.-- Muzyka byla takaya klassnaya,
chto ona pryamo "uletela".
carry off v. 1. privodit' (k chemu-to horoshemu): Mick carried off two
top places in running.-- Mik v shkol'nyh sorevnovaniyah dobyl dva pervyh mesta
po begu; 2. vyzvat' (chto-to nehoroshee): In Middle Ages smallpox carried off
thousands of lives.-- V srednie veka epidemiya ospy unesla tysyachi zhiznej.
carry on v. 1. utryasat', zanimat'sya, rabotat': Bill and John carried on
a long correspondence with each other.-- Bill i Dzhon ponapisali drug drugu
ujmu pisem; 2. prodolzhat': -- Carry on, guys.-- Prodolzhajte, rebyata,--
kivaet soldatam polkovnik, kogda te. otorvavshis' ot chistki svoih bashmakov,
vytyanulis' vo frunt; 3. porot' chush', durit': Mick and John carried on during
the warm up until the coach ordered them out.-- Vo vremya trenirovki Mik i
Dzhon valyali duraka, poka na pole ne poyavilsya trener i ne prognal ih; 4.
vzryvat'sya (ob emociyah): Holdwin hit the hammer commissar's finger and Le
Pechen carried on for three minutes.-- Komissar Le Peshen pochti tri minuty
oral i nosilsya posle togo, kak Holduin nechayanno udaril po ego pal'cu
molotkom.
171
carry out v. sledovat', vklyuchit'sya (vo chto-nibud'): Le Pechen was
determined to carry out his fucking suggestions to fulfil the plan.-- Le
Peshen nastaival na vklyuchenii ego idiotskih predlozhenij v plan dejstviya.
carry over v. otlozhit', perenesti na drugoe vremya (a esli kasaetsya
pis'ma, to na druguyu stranicu): -- Hey, commish, we've got pretty good
affairs carried over from the last year! -- Serzhant Majkl Holduin
prosmatrivaet arhiv komissara i, najdya paru neraskrytyh proshlogodnih del,
krichit: -- |j, kommi! Tut u nas horoshie dela, otlozhennye s proshlogo goda!
cash n. nalichka, den'gi.
cash in v. obmenyat' (den'gi): Ne cashed in some bonds to pay the
bill.-- On obmenyal neskol'ko obligacij, chtoby oplatit' schet.
cash in one's chips (cash in) v. phr. otkinut' kopyta: Rip-off Jack
escaped but was shot through and knew that he was going to cash in his chips
very soon.-- Dzhek-Grabitel' ushel ot pogoni, no ego prostrelili, i paren'
znal, chto dolgo on ne protyanet.
cash in on v. informal pojmat' udachu, vospol'zovat'sya shansom: Ne cashed
in on great interest in the New York Rangers and sold many team's
T-shirts.-- Vospol'zovavshis' bol'shim interesom k klubu "N'yu-Jork Rejndzhers
", on prodal mnogo maek s emblemoj kluba.
cast pearls before swine phr. metat' biser pered svin'yami.
cat i. muzhik, paren', chuvak.
catch cold v. phr. prostuzhivat'sya: -- -Do not get your feet wet or you
catch cold! -- He promochi nogi, a to prostudish'sya!
catch on v. 1. shvatyvat', v smysle: vrubat'sya, v®ezzhat', ponimat'; 2.
proslavit'sya: This clip caught on at once.-- |tot klip stal srazu
populyarnym; 3. poluchit' mesto, rabotu, nanyat'sya: -- Ivan caught on with a
famous football club this year.-- Govoryat, v etom godu Ajvona vzyal kakoj-to
znamenityj klub,-- govorit Mik Dzhonu o kapitane "CHikagskih Bizonov".
catch one's breath v. phr. 1. uchashchat' dyhanie, vozbuzhdat'sya: The beauty
of the landscape made her catch her brealh.-- Krasota pejzazha zastavila ee
serdce uchashchenno bit'sya v grudi; 2. vosstanavlivat' dyhanie, perevesti duh.
catch some rays v. phr. podzagoret' (na solnce): -- Today I'm gonna go
to the beach to catch some rays.-- Segodnya ya sobirayus' na plyazh pozagorat'.
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catch some Zets v. phr. vzdremnut'. Nashe "hr-hr-hr" -- po-anglijski
"z-z-z-z".
catch up v. 1. hvatat'. Tut vrode vse yasno, mozhno i bez primera
obojtis'; 2. pojmat' ili zahvatit' (v plen): These three charlies were
caught up yesterday.-- |ti troe "charli " byli zahvacheny vchera v boyu,--
govorit Timoti Timpson, kivaya kapitanu na plennyh; 3. idti bystree, ne
otstavat': v fil'me "Kriminal'noe chtivo" rezhissera Tarantino est' moment,
kogda v restorane rasskazyvayut anekdot. Idet sem'ya pomidorov, mladshij vse
vremya daleko pozadi. Papasha podhodit k nemu i govorit: Ne otstavaj, ketchup!
-- Neponyatno, pravda? Geroj, kotorogo igral Travolta, tozhe ne sovsem
vrubilsya. Po-anglijski ketchup (kechap) sozvuchen s catch up (ne otstavaj). Pri
etom papasha-pomidor eshche i nastupaet na otstavshego. Vot i poluchilas' igra
slov: i ketchup (razdavlennyj pomidor), i "ne otstavaj", chto, estestvenno,
pri perevode nikto ne-ob®yasnil i ne adaptiroval! 4. zakanchivat' vovremya,
spolna. V etom sluchae vsegda upotreblyaetsya s predlogom on: I gotta catch up
on my sleep.-- YA dolzhen vyspat'sya; 5. pojmat', arestovat'. Upotreblyaetsya v
etom smysle s with'. The police finally caught up with them.-- Policiya v
konce koncov shvatila (arestovala) ih.
cave in v. 1. obvalivat'sya: The roof caved in and crushed a car.--
Krysha obvalilas' i smyala mashinu; 2. ustupat', sdavat'sya: Every one begged
Billy to take them down to the city and he finally caved in.-- Vse
ugovarivali Billi vzyat' ih. v gorod, i on v konce koncov ustupil.
cheesecake n. "klubnichnye (ili yagodichnye?)" chasti zhenskogo tela (grud',
bedra... koroche, dlya kogo kak): Dzhejn gotovitsya k konkursu "Miss
Massachusets". Ona prishla k fotografu, chtoby on sdelal neskol'ko
hudozhestvennyh snimkov dlya otborochnoj komissii. Tot sfotografiroval Dzhejn v
kupal'nike sidyashchej na kortochkah pod zontikom, no yavno ne udovletvoren etim
snimkom.-- Well let's try another one. Rise up, roll around and show me your
cheesecake.-- Horosho, davaj poprobuem druguyu pozu. Vstan' i krutis' na
meste, demonstriruya samye seksual'nye mesta... Nu, a kakie dlya fotografa
"samye seksual'nye mesta ", skazat', esli chestno, trudno.
chew out v. branit', ustraivat' raznos, sil'no rugat': -- But I can 't
stay too late with you! My dad would chew me out! -- No ya ne mogu ostavat'sya
s toboj tak pozdno! -- govorit Dzhejn Miku,-- Mne otec potom doma takoe
ustroit!
173
chew the fat v. "lyasy tochit'", boltat': -- Man, I love that Friday
night when after the hard day I may just sit with you and chew the fat over
the cup of coffee.-- Obozhayu vecherom, v pyatnicu, vot tak, posidet' s toboj za
chashkoj kofe i prosto poboltat'",-- govorit Holduinu komissar, sidya v kafe
posle okonchaniya raboty i pokurivaya sigaretu.
chick n. ih "chik" -- eto nasha "koza", "telka", "chuha", koroche --
devushka ili molodaya zhenshchina, chto srazu brosaetsya v glaza svoej seksual'noj
vneshnost'yu ili povedeniem. Vozmozhno, ona voobshche nichem ne vydelyaetsya, no dlya
kogo-to vse ravno ona "chik".
chicken feed n. "kot naplakal" (o den'gah): Mik i Dzhon sobirayutsya
shodit' na final'nyj match NHL i prikidyvayut, hvatit li sberezhenij: -- Well,
tins is actually a chicken feed.-- M-da, dejstvitel'no, kot naplakal,--
cheshet zatylok Mik, kogda oba druga vyvorachivayut karmany, a tam -- odna
meloch'.
clam up v. zamolkat', zatykat'sya, prekrashchat' davat' pokazaniya: -- The
suspect clamed up and we could get no more information out of him.--
Podozrevaemyj zamolchal, i my ne smogli vyudit' iz nego bol'she nichego,--
govorit komissar Le Peshen.
coach n. vytyanutaya chetyrehkolesnaya mashina dlya perevozki bol'shogo chisla
lyudej, koroche, avtobus. Slovo "kouch" kuda chashche vstrechaetsya, chem "bus".
coco n. "kokosovyj" -- chernokozhij ili cvetnoj. Izvestnyj hit "Coco
Gumbo" perevoditsya, takim obrazom, kak "CHernokozhij pridurok" sm. gumbo.
cold turkey adv. informal zavyazat', porvat' s pagubnym vlecheniem
(alkogolizm, kurenie, narkomaniya). "Holodnoj indejkoj" nazyvaetsya, kstati,
odna pesnya Dzhona Lennona, kotoruyu luchshe bylo by perevesti kak "V zavyazke",
ibo napisal on ee posle togo, kak vypustil singl "Instant Karma" -- "LSD":
John Lennon did a cold turkey.-- Dzhon Lennon zavyazal s narkotikami (sam, bez
medicinskogo vmeshatel'stva).
come off v. poluchat'sya, vyhodit': -- How it did come off? -- Kak eto
poluchilos'?-- sprashivaet Mik Dzhona, kogda tot, nakonec. zavel ego mashinu.
come off it v. phr. horosh trepat'sya, hvatit vrat': -- You got a gun?
Oh, come off it!-- U tebya est' pistolet? Budet vrat'-to!
come on v. davaj, poshel: -- Come on! Keep running! -- Davaj! Begi! --
krichat zriteli na tribune, uvidev, chto myachom zavladel napadayushchij "tigrov"
Dzhon.-- Come on, get out of your sad mood! -- Nu davaj zhe, vyhodi iz spyachki!
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come out v. 1. vyhodit' (v svet, v obshchestvo): Jane came out with her
brother at the joint party.-- Dzhejn byla oficial'no predstavlena svoim
bratom na vechere; 2. opublikovyvat'; 3. zakonchit': -- And how did the story
come out?-- Nu i chem vse eto konchilos'?
come over v. ohvatyvat', zahvatyvat', neozhidanno poyavlyat'sya: A great
anger came over him.-- Im ovladela yarost'. A tenderness came over her. -- Ee
ohvatila nezhnost' k... Ne k tomu li, kem ovladela yarost'?
come through v. uspeshno prohodit', sdavat': -- You are lucky. You have
come thru.-- Schastlivchik, ty uzhe otbombilsya,-- zaviduet Dzhonu Mik pered
svoim poslednim ekzamenom.
come to grips with v. phr. shodit'sya (v shvatke): After little
hesitating they came to grips with each other.-- Posle minutnoj
nereshitel'nosti oni soshlis' v shvatke.
cool adj. klassnyj, chetkij, klevyj/ "Man, it's cool! -- O, klassno!" --
probuet Mik morozhenoe na ulice Moskvy. I ne nado dumat', chto morozhenoe
prohladnoe, kak perevodyat slovo "kul" klassicheskie slovari.
cool cat n. klassnyj paren'; Three cool cats were walking down the
street.--- Po ulice shli tri krutyh parnya.
sor n. ment, policejskij.
sor out v. izbegat', skryvat' pravdu: The President copped out the
Americans with this scandal.-- Prezident skryl podnogotnuyu etogo skandala ot
amerikancev.
cozy up v. podstraivat'sya (pod kogo-to), starat'sya ponravit'sya: -- Why
are you so cozing him up? -- Pochemu ty tak krutish'sya vozle nego?--
sprashivayut podrugi Dzhejn, glyadya, kak ta staratel'no prihorashivaetsya pered
vstrechej s Mikom.
crack a book v. raskryvat' knigu (sest' za uchebu): John did not crack a
book until the night before the exams.-- Do poslednego vechera pered
ekzamenom Dzhon tak i ne raskryl knigi.
crack a joke v. phr. otmachivat', otkalyvat' (shutki): -- Ne is so cute!
Cracking jokes all over! -- On takoj zabavnyj! Vse vremya otkalyvaet
kakie-nibud' shutki.
crack up v. I. razrushat', sminat': The car cracked up in parking.--
Mashina vrezalas' (vo chto-to) pri parkovke; 2. rehnut'sya, dvinut'sya
(zauchit'sya): -- -He was study ing so hard... I guess he's actually cracked
up.-- On tak mnogo i userdno gotovilsya... Dumayu, chto on Rehnulsya,-- govorit
Dzhon, uspokaivaya Dzhejn, kogda Mik bez prichiny vspylil i ushel s vecherinki; 3.
vzryvat'sya ot smeha: The commissar's joke cracked every one up.-- SHutka
komissara vyzvala vzryv smeha.
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crash the gate v. phr. pripirat'sya (bez sprosu), vlamyvat'sya: Na
vecherinku k Dzhejn prishel ee byvshij paren'. Miku eto yavno ne nravitsya, i
Dzhejn otchayanno opravdyvaetsya: -- Believe me Mick! I didn'i invite him. He
crashed the gate. -- Pover' mne, ya ego ne zvala. On sam pripersya bez
priglasheniya.
crew cut n. strizhka "ezhikom", takaya populyarnaya v opredelennyh krugah.
crim n sokrashchenno ot "criminal" (prestupnik).
cut the mustard v. preuspet', slizat' penki, srezat' vershki: -- The u
thought I would never cut the mustard in the college.-- Nikto ne mog ran'she
predpolozhit', chto ya preuspeyu v kolledzhe,-- hvastaet Mik.
D
dad/daddy i. papa, papochka, batyanya, tyatya.
dare say n. phr. polagat', dumat', verit', predpolagat'. Obychno
upotreblyaetsya tol'ko ot pervogo lica: Paul is a very hot-temper guy. Today
he is blue and unhappy but I dare say he will be smiling about this
tomorrow.-- Pol yarko vyrazhennyj holerik. Segodnya on neschasten i grustit, a
zavtra, b'yus' ob zaklad,.budet nad vsem etim smeyat'sya,-- uspokaivaet Mika
Dzhon. kogda ih odnogruppnik prishel v unynie ot poluchennoj chetverki vmesto
ozhidaemoj pyaterki.
dark horse n. ih "temnaya loshadka" -- ta zhe , chto i nasha.
deadbeat i. halyavshchik: -- You'll never pay me cause you're a deadbeat!
-- Ty mne nikogda ne zaplatish', potomu chto ty halyavshchik!
dead duck n. "dohloj utkoj" amerikancy nazyvayut nash "dohlyj nomer",
t.e. cheloveka ili kakoe-libo delo, nahodyashcheesya v beznadezhnoj situacii: --
Your version is a dead duck, Michael.-- Tvoj variant -- dohlyj nomer,--
komissar rezko obrubaet rassuzhdeniya serzhanta, kogda tot govorit o tom, kak
luchshe organizovat' uik-endovskij zagorodnyj piknik.
176
deadpan adj. adv. s kamennym vyrazheniem lica, bez emocij: The news was
really shocking but she was sitting still deadpan.-- Novost' byla,
dejstvitel'no, shokiruyushchej, no ona prodolzhala sidet' s kamennym vyrazheniem
lica.
demo n. sokrashchenno ot "demonstration". |to mozhet byt' libo demonstraciya
protesta (ta, chto na ulice; pravda, v otnoshenii demonstracii delyu
vstrechaetsya krajne redko), libo demonstraciya mody, libo, chto chashche vsego,
demonstracionnaya plenka, kotoruyu muzykanty rassylayut prodyuseram studij,
chtoby te "klyunuli" na etu gruppu ili solista.
dick n. chlen, penis.
die away/down v. zamirat', zatihat', zatuhat': The sound of music died
away.-- Zvuki muzyki postepenno zamerli.
die out v. vymirat': Dinos all have died out.-- Dinozavry vse uzhe
vymerli.
dig v. 1. nravit'sya, lyubit': -- You dig, man? -- Tebe eto kak,
ponravilos', paren'?; 2. v®ezzhat' (ponimat'): -- I don't dig it. CHto-to ya ne
v®ezzhayu vo vse eto, -- otbrasyvaet Mik uchebnik po grecheskoj filosofii.
dig n. 1. seks: -- Guys say she is an easy dig.-- Rebyata pogovarivayut,
chto ona trahaetsya, kak shvejnaya mashinka Zingera; 2. arheologicheskie raskopki
ili otkrytie.
dig in v. 1.(voen.) okapyvat'sya: -- Vidite etot treklyatyjmost cherez
reku?-- obrashchaetsya kapitan k Timoti.-- - "Da, ser". -- The very fucking
place where we must dig in.-- Vot to samoe chertovo mesto, gde my dolzhny
okopat'sya; 2. uhodit' s golovoj v rabotu ili uchebu: -- Kak tam Dzhon sdal
ekzamen? -- sprashivaet Dzhejn Mika.-- On ved' tak dolgo nichego ne uchil.--
"Vse normal'no,-- mashet rukoj Mik.-- John dug in and passed all quickly.--
Dzhon zasel za uchebu (okopalsya, odnim slovom), ushel s golovoj i vse bystro
sdal; 3. pristupat' k ede: Za stolom sidyat: kovboj Bill, ego sosed Dzhon,
zhena Billa, ego troe malen'kih synovej i dve dochki. Stol nakryt.-- O'kay,
guys. Dig in,-- govorit hozyain, chto oznachaet: nu, rebyatki, navalis'.
dig out v. otkapyvat' (otyskivat'): Kovboi Bill i Dzhon vstrechayutsya
utrom na doroge i obmenivayutsya novostyami: -- Did you dig your sled out? --
Nu kak, nashel svoj molot, chto iskal vchera ves' den'?-- sprashivaet Bill.--
Oh, yeah, I dug it out.-- O da, nashel,-- otvechaet Dzhon.
dig up v. to zhe, chto i "dig out": -- Lyusi! -- oret v telefon
komissar.-- Ask Michael to dig up a dollar to pay for the hot dogs and
tonic!-- Pust' Majkl najdet dollar, chtoby zaplatit' za moi hot-dogi s
tonikom, blin!
177
dino n. dinozavr, sokrashchenno ot "dinosaurs".
dish the dirt v. phr. peremyvat' kosti, raspuskat' sluhi: -- Jesus,
Sally! It's not like you to dish the dirt all the city around! -- Bozhe.
Salli! |to tak na tebya ne pohozhe: raspuskat' spletni po vsemu gorodu!
do a job on v. phr. naportachit', delat' v padlu, podlozhit' svin'yu: --
My little sister did a job on my textbook! -- Moya mladshaya sestrenka
postaralas'! Posmotri na moj uchebnik! -- govorit Mik, pokazyvaya Dzhonu
raskrashennuyu flomasterami stranicu.
do away with v. 1. polozhit' konec, ostanovit': The city authority
decided to do away with overhead wires.-- Gorodskie vlasti reshili pokonchit'
s visyashchimi nad golovami provodami. (Provoda bylo resheno pustit' pod zemlej);
2. ukokoshit', grohnut': Gang band did away with its contestants.-- Banda
raspravilas' so svoimi konkurentami.
doc n. sokrashchennaya forma ot "doctor" (doktor).
do in v. 1. razrushat': His business was done in.-- Ego delo ruhnulo
(progorelo); 2. ubivat'; 3. vydyhat'sya: They were too done in to carry on
the contest.-- Oni byli slishkom istoshcheny bor'boj, chtoby prodolzhat'
sorevnovanie.
do one's thing/do a thing v. phr. provorachivat' v luchshem vide, imet'
uspeh: Three or more hundreds teenagers came to hear the Beatles do their
things in Top Ten club.-- Tri sotni, a to i bol'she tinejdzherov prishli
poslushat', kak "Bitlz" otryvayutsya v klube "Ton Gen".-- "...But it didn't do
a thing over here-- ...No zdes' vse bylo tishe vody, nizhe travy",-- govoril
Makkartni v interv'yu v 1962 godu, rasskazyvaya o pervom single "My Bonnie",
kotoryj zanyal pyatoe mesto v Germanii, a v Anglii nikto o nem nichego i ne
znal.
do up v. 1. podgotavlivat', chistit', pribirat', myt': Jane asked her
mum to do up her dress.-- Dzhejn poprosila mamu prigotovit' ee vechernee
plat'e; 2. privodit' v poryadok (volosy): Jane's sister helped to do up her
hair.-- Sestra pomogla Dzhejn ulozhit' volosy; 3. odet', upakovat': And Jane
was done up in her fine new dress with a wonderful hairdo.-- I vot nasha
Dzhejn stoit vsya upakovannaya, kak kartinka, v svoem novom krasivom plat'e s
obaldennoj pricheskoj.
doen v. eto to zhe samoe, chto i don't. Upotreblyaetsya, chtoby peredat'
libo detskoe proiznoshenie, libo vzrosloe, no plohoe, tochnee, slengovoe.
178
dog phr. razocharovavshee vas svidanie ili trudnyj ekzamen: - My math
exam was a dog.-- Moj ekzamen po matematike -- eto bylo chto-to,-- govorit
Dzhon Miku.-- My date with Jane was a dog too.-- Moe svidanie s Dzhejn bylo
takim zhe,-- otvechaet Mik.
don't sejchas ya ob®yasnyu, kogda ih otricatel'naya forma don't vpolne mirno
uzhivaetsya s tret'imi licami: ... cause this one thing that she don't need,
it's another hungry mouth to feed in the geto, -... pel v 1969 godu |lvis
Presli v svoem hite "Getto. ... she don't like, she don't like, she don't
like,-... povtoryal |rik Klepton v svoej znamenitoj pesne "Kokain". ... she
don't care,-- peli "Bitlz" v 1964 godu hit "Ticket To Ride". Poluchaetsya, chto
i korol' rok-n-rolla, i znamenityj gitarist i blyuzovik |rik Klepton, i
legendarnaya liverpul'skaya chetverka grammatiki anglijskogo yazyka ne znali,
kogda zapisyvali svoi znamenitye hity? Net, znali. Tol'ko don't s he i she
eto vovse ne oshibka, a obychnaya razgovornaya forma, kotoraya chasto vstrechaetsya
v populyarnyh pesnyah. Kak vidim, i bez togo prostaya grammatika anglijskogo
yazyka u amerikancev i anglichan uproshchaetsya do predela.
don't wash your dirty linen in public nashe "ne vynosit' sor iz izby"
po-anglijski budet "ne stiraj gryaznoe bel'e u vseh na glazah".
don't count your chickens before they're hatched "schitat'
nevylupivshihsya cyplyat" ili "delit' shkuru neubitogo medvedya".
dope out v. dokazyvat', dokapyvat'sya, doznavat'sya, vychislyat': Le Pechen
tried to dope out why the man was murdered.-- Le Peshen pytalsya dokopat'sya,
pochemu zhe ubili etogo cheloveka.
down on adj. zloj, serdityj: Mick was down on his teacher/or a low
grade.-- Mik razozlilsya na uchitelya iz-za plohoj ocenki.
dreamboat n. krasavec, krasavica, t.e. lyuboj simpatichnyj predstavitel'
muzhskogo libo zhenskogo pola.
drive the porcelain bus v. |to ochen' interesnoe i ostroumnoe vyrazhenie.
Ih "upravlenie farforovym avtobusom" -- eto nasha "poezdka v Rigu". Nu, eto
kogda kto-to tak perepil i ego tak mutit, chto nikak ne obojtis' bez togo,
chtoby ne shodit' v tualet i ne obnyat' unitaz, kotoryj napominaet amerikancam
tot samyj farforovyj avtobus.
drop a line v. phr. cherknut' strochku, napisat' paru slov (v smysle
napisat' pis'mo ili otkrytku): Well, and if you have a time, please, drop me
a line. -- I esli u tebya budet vremya, obyazatel'no napishi mne.
179
drop back v. otstupat', pyatit'sya: And then we dropped back before a new
charlies'attack.-- I zatem my otoshli pered novoj atakoj "char-li",--
rasskazyvaet serzhant Timoti o svoih boevyh pohozhdeniyah vo V'etname.
drop dead v. (grubo) utihnut', zatknut'sya, perestat' shumet': Drop
dead!-- Tiho! Umolkli!-- podnimaet vverh ruku Timoti timpson, i ego vzvod
ostorozhno probiraetsya sredi dzhunglej,- boyas' novoj zasady v'etkongovcev.
drop in v. zaskochit', zabezhat', zaglyanut': They two were just sitting
down to dinner when Uncle Billy dropped in.-- Oni oba tol'ko zaseli za obed,
kogda neozhidanno zaglyanul dyadyushka Billi.
drop off v. podbrosit' (na avtomobile, k primeru): Mick asked the
teacher to drop him off at the gym hall on his way downtown.-- Uznav. chto
uchitel' edet v gorod, Mik poprosil podkinut' ego do sportivnogo zala.
drop out v. (udarenie na out) vybyvat', vyletat', uhodit', prekrashchat':
In the middle of the match Mick got a blister on his foot and had to drop
out.-- V seredine matcha Mik nater mozol' na noge i vynuzhden byl vyjti iz
igry.
drop out n. (udarenie na drop) nedouchka, posredstvennyj, ni to ni se,
tot, kto ne proshel polnyj kurs obucheniya: Although Will was a high school
drop-out, yet he became a big.-- I hotya vysshuyu shkolu Vill tak i ne potyanul,
tem ne menee on mnogogo dobilsya v zhizni.
duck soup n. raz plyunut', plevoe delo: -- For me this is a duck soup.--
Dlya menya eto plevoe delo,-- ulybaetsya kovboj Bill, kogda ego prosyat osedlat'
dikogo mustanga.
dude n. "rediska", pridurok, kozel, loh, maloj, kalich, chuvak, hrych,
lopuh, bambuk, bolvan, chuvyrlo, krest, brevno, muflon, fuflo, chudo v per'yah,
baran, durilka kartonnaya, dubina, shizik, idiot, nenormal'nyj, pedik, chudak,
durak, kretin, "staryj plavuchij chemodan", tormoz, synok, synyara, frant,
bashmak, urod, shnurok, boec, otmorozok, "zelen'", salabon, sosunok, soplyak,
salaga, krejzi, zheltorotyj i t.d. i t.p.: -- Hey, dude! -- Privet, chuvyrlo!
V 1973 godu Devid Boui spel pesnyu "All The Young Dudes" -- "Vse molodye, po
bol'shomu schetu, pridurki..." Imenno togda, v nachale semidesyatyh, eto slovco
stalo populyarnym sredi anglijskoj molodezhi. Do etogo ono bylo sugubo
amerikanskim. Tochnee, populyarnym v amerikanskih nizah.
dumb bunny n. kozel otpushcheniya, "tryapka": -- Jackson turned to be
guilty. He is always a dumb bunny! -- A vinovatym okazalsya Dzhekson,
postoyannyj kozel otpushcheniya! -- rasskazyvaet Dzhon Miku o tom, kak za obshchuyu
shalost' vletelo odnomu Dzheksonu.
180
dunno razgovornyj variant ot "don't know".
dutch treat n. "datch trit" -- "povedenie po-gollandski". CHto eto
znachit? Provoditsya kakaya-nibud' vecherinka, gde kazhdyj platit za sebya
(individual'no ili kompaniej): -- We accept your 'invitation,-- otvechaet,
ulybayas', gollandskij posol na priglashenie prinyat' uchastie v sovmestnom
vechere s predstavitelyami sosednego-posol'stva.-- But I think it will have to
be Dutch teat.-- No dumayu, chto eto dolzhno byt' po-gollandski. To bish' posol
zhelaet sam platit' za sebya (navernoe, ispugalsya, chto tam budut "dedbity"/sm.
"deadbeat'/ iz russkogo posol'stva).
E
each way adj. bisexual sm. "AC/DC". (He ponimayu: ili biseksualov tak
mnogo v Amerike, ili prosto ih lyubyat po-raznomu nazyvat'?.)
eager beaver n. phr. "izvechnyj bober", t.e. "vypendrezhnik", "progib" --
tot, kto chereschur staraetsya.
early bird gete the worm ih "rannyaya ptichka nahodit chervyachka" -- eto
nashe "kto rano vstaet, tomu Bog daet".
ear to the ground n. phr. ih "uho k zemle" -- eto nash "nos po vetru".
ease off/ease up v. uspokaivat'sya, rasslablyat'sya, ne nervnichat',
otpuskat', oblegchat' chto-libo: -- Well done, Michael! We did a very-good
job, so the boss would ease off his load!-- Otlichno! Horoshaya rabota,--
hvalit Le Peshen serzhanta Holduina za staranie na uborke territorii,-- tak
chto boss, dumayu, teper' nemnozhko oslabit nagruzku na nashi plechi! -- Ease off
and drop the gun.-- Uspokojsya u bros' pistolet,-- govorit Holduin, napravlyaya
na huligana revol'ver, v to vremya kak tot delaet to zhe samoe, no tol'ko po
napravleniyu k serzhantu Holduinu.-- A vdrug i on sejchas skazhet "ease yourself
off and drop the gun too -- sam uspokojsya i sam bros' pistolet,--
lihoradochno dumaet serzhant policii. No nervy Holduina okazyvayutsya pokrepche,
bandit brosaet pistolet i podnimaet ruki pervym.
easy come, easy go adv. Bog dal, Bog vzyal: -- Easy come easy go.--
Legko prishlo, legkoushlo (Bog dal. Bog vzyal).-- mashet rukoj Dzhon, kogda oni s
Mikom,- opomnyas', uvideli, chto prosadili v bare vse 25 dollarov, chto
neozhidanno dlya samih sebya zarabotali tremya chasami ran'she na attrakcione, gde
Mik poluchil pervyj priz za tri metkih vystrela iz arbaleta (interesno, Mik
dumal tak zhe ili net?).
181
easy does it infor. ostorozhno, akkuratno: -- Easy does it! --
Ostorozhno! -- krichit Le Peshen Holduinu, kogda oni tashchat po lestnice lyubimyj
royal' komissara.
easy dig n. tot ili ta, kto lyubit zanimat'sya seksom i legko idet na
takogo roda kontakt: -- Ann? Sure! She is an easy dig! -- Znayu li ya |nn?
Konechno! S nej nichego ne stoit perespat'! -- bazaryat mezhdu soboj Mik i Dzhon.
easy rider i. roker; to zhe, chto i "biker" -- tot, kto rassekaet ulicy
na motocikle.
eat away v. raz®edat' (unichtozhat'): These micro organisms eat the flesh
away.-- Vot eti mikroorganizmy i raz®edayut telo.
eat it (eat shit, eat dirt) v. podavis', poluchi!: Klip Majkla Dzheksona
"Black and White ". Papa rugaet syna za slishkom gromkuyu muzyku.-- Eat this!
-- Poluchi! -- zloradno uhmylyaetsya mal'chik, vrubaya gromkost' do otmetki "Are
You Nuts" ("Ty chto, durnoj?").
eat like a bird v. phr. maloezhka, t.e. est, kak ptichka.
eat like a horse v. phr. obzhora, est, kak ne v sebya, proglot: -- You're
actually eat like a horse as I eat like a bird.-- Ty, v nature, zhresh', kak
proglot, a ya -- tak, naoborot, kak komarik,-- govorit Mik Dzhonu, prosporiv
emu uzhin.
eat one's heart out v. phr. izvestis' na net, issohnut': -- This is
Jacky, a poor doggy was eating its heart out after the owner left him, and
now Jacky is O'kay.-- |to Dzheki. Bednaya sobachka toskovala, kogda ee brosil
hozyain, no teper' s nej vse v poryadke. YA vzyal ee k sebe,-- gladit Dzhon
sobachonku.
eat out v. 1. pitat'sya vne doma: -- Oh, I don't know where is Le
Pechen. Suppose he eats out somewhere.-- O, ya ne znayu, gde sejchas Le Peshen.
Vozmozhno, chto gde-to obedaet; 2. zanimat'sya oral'nym seksom: -- Eat me o ut
if you can't get it up.-- Poceluj menya tuda,-- govorit zhena muzhu,-- esli
po-drugomu ne mozhesh'. Soldatiki Timoti Timpsona na chem-to "zaleteli", i vot
ves' platoon (vzvod) uzhe na druzhnoj dopolnitel'noj fizzaryadke bezhit po samoj
gryazi, a Timoti vykrikivaet: -- One mad girl from Saskartoon! Vse horom: --
One mad girl from Saskartoon! Timoti: -- Eat her out with a silver spoon!
Vse: -- Eat her out with a silver spoon! |to mozhno perevesti tak: "Odna
sumasshedshaya devushka iz Saskatuna sama sebya... serebryanoj lozhechkoj". Izvinite
za pravdu surovyh armejskih budnej amerikanskih soldat.
182
eat pussy v. sm. "eat out".
eat up v. inoskaz. proglatyvat' s udovol'stviem, t.e. prinimat' s
radost'yu: All the girls told John was a day hero because of his winning
touchdown and he ate up their praise.-- Vse devushki kolledzha govorili, chto
Dzhon stal geroem dnya, tak kak imenno on zanes pobednyj tachdaun, i paren' s
udovol'stviem vnimal ih pohvale.
egg on v. podtalkivat', podstrekat', pobuzhdat': -- Mick egged te on to
find a French tutor to help my classes.-- Mik ugovoril menya vzyat' repetitora
po francuzskomu yazyku,-- proiznosit, krasneya, Dzhon odnogruppnikam, kogda te
sprashivayut o milovidnoj, blondinke, s kotoroj on uzhe tretijraz vyhodit iz
kino.
end up v. 1. zakanchivat', ostanavlivat'sya; 2. dostigat', prizemlyat'sya:
-- Bye, man. I hope you don't end up back in jail.-- Byvaj, paren'. Nadeyus',
ty bol'she ne syadesh' v tyur'mu; 3. prikanchivat' (grohnut'): Black Jack ended
up in the electric chair.-- CHernyj Dzhek zakonchil zhizn' na elektricheskom
stule.
equipment n. hozyajstvo. Tol'ko ne to, chto v zakromah, a to, chto v
plavkah ili v lifchike: -- Look up at that girl in a blue. Wow! She got such
an equipment! -- Poglyadi-ka na etu devchonku v sinem!-- tolkaet loktem Mik
Dzhona na plyazhe. Vidish', kakoe u nee hozyajstvo! I oba ocenivayushche osmatrivayut
vydayushchijsya byust devushki.
every cloud has silver lining "net huda bez dobra".
every dog has his day "u kazhdogo svoj den'", "budet i na vashej ulice
prazdnik".
eyes pop out "glaza po pyat' kopeek".
F
fab adj. sokrashchenno ot "fabulous" -- legendarnyj, mificheskij,
velikolepnyj: "... When we were fab...-- Kogda my byli legendarnymi... " --
poet Dzhordzh Harrison vmeste s Dzheffom Lin-nom v pesne, kotoraya tak i
nazyvaetsya "Fab", i oba vspominayut shestidesyatye -- vremena, kogda dlya
millionov lyudej oni, dejstvitel'no, byli ne prosto kumirami, a mifom,
legendoj... Imenno v shestidesyatyh godah slovo "fab" plotno voshlo v
anglijskij yazyk, i eto otnositsya prezhde vsego k gruppe "Bitlz". My govorim:
"legendarnye "Bitlz"; v Anglii i SSHA govoryat:" the fab Beatles ".
183
face the music v. poluchit' po zaslugam, ponesti nakazaniya: The guy was
caught .cheating and had to face the music -- Parnya pojmali na spisyvanii na
ekzamene, i on ne izbezhal nakazaniya.
face up to v. smotret' v lico nevzgodam, muzhestvenno prinimat' to, chto,
mozhet, i ne sovsem priyatno: The sergeant Holdwin knew he should tell the
commissar that he broke the window, but he couldn 't face up to it.--
Serzhant Holduin znal: on dolzhen skazat' komissaru, chto okno razbito im, no
on ne mog chestno priznat'sya v etom.
fag, faggot, faggy n., adj., adv. "goluboj".
fag hag transseksualka.
fair adj. 1. chestnyj, spravedlivyj: -- It's not fair! -- |to nechestno!
-- hnychet malen'kij mal'chik, schitaya, chto ego nespravedlivo nakazali.-- But
everything golta be fair? -- A ved' vse dolzhno byt' po-chestnomu!; 2.
krasivyj, privlekatel'nyj: -- You look really fair! -- Vyglyadish' ty
velikolepno!; 3. chistyj; 4. spokojnyj: Lge sea was light blue andfair.--
More bylo spokojnym i neprivychno golubym; 5. svetlyj (o volosah), rusyj (a
vovse ne "light brown", kak v russko-anglijskom slovare na 55000 slov),
blondinistyj: -- He's got blue eyes andfair hair.-- U nego golubye glaza i
rusye volosy,-- opisyvaet Dzhejn Mika svoim podruzhkam.
fair n. yarmarka, bazar.
fair game n. izlyublennaya tema, "lyubimyj konek": -- Na! Commish, they
again write about you in the paper! It looks you are actually turning out to
be the fair game of our journals! -- Xa! Komissar! -- krichit radostno
serzhant Holduin, razmahivaya svezhim nomerom "N'yu-Jork Tajms".-- Kazhetsya, vy
stanovites' izlyublennoj temoj nashih zhurnalistov! -- Glavnoe, chtoby ne
karikaturistov,-- burchit v otvet Le Peshen; tem ne menee on pol'shchen tem, chto
pro ego udachnyj vyigrysh v loteree napisala takaya krutaya gazeta.
fair-haired boy n. V Amerike, vidimo, ne tak uzh mnogo ostalos'
svetlovolosyh, rusyh mal'chikov, poetomu vyrazhenie perevoditsya kak
"lyubimchik", "favorit".
fair sex n. eto vovse ne "chistyj, chestnyj, spravedlivyj seks". |to
vsego lish' prekrasnyj pol, slabyj pol ili prosto zhenshchiny.
fair-weather friend n. drug-na-to-vremya-poka-emu-gadu-eto-udobno.
fake v. podkalyvat', durit': "Don't ever try to fake me!-- Dazhe ne
pytajsya menya nadut'!".
184
fall flat v. oblazhat'sya, provalit' vse na fig: -- How is your warm-up,
Michael?-- The warm-up fell flat, mum. Rain. Majkl pribezhal domoj na polchasa
ran'she, chem obychno.-- Nu i kak tvoya trenirovka?-- sprashivaet ego mama. --
Trenirovka nakrylas', mam, iz-za dozhdya!
fall for v. vlipnut', vtreskat'sya: Mik govorit Dzhonu: -- I fell for
baseball when I was a kid.-- YA vtreskalsya v bejsbol eshche v detstve.
fall from grace v. phr. "sryvat'sya s cepi": All the guys behaved well
during the dinner until they fell from grace by eating their desert with
fingers.-- Za obedom vse rebyata derzhalis' pristojno, kak ih i uchili, no vse
oni slovno s cepi sorvalis', kogda podali desert, i upletali ego, hvataya
rukami, a ne vilkami.
fall out v. (udarenie na out) I. proishodit': As it fell out the Tigers
were able to win.-- Kak okazalos', "tigry" byli sposobny pobedit'; 2.
ssorit'sya, branit'sya, drat'sya: Mick and John fell out over the discussion.--
Mik i Dzhon peressorilis' vo vremya obsuzhdeniya; 3. uvol'nyat', dembel'nut'sya:
-- I'm dismissed! Fall out! -- YA uvolen! Dembel' davaj!
fallout i. (udarenie na fall) osadki (radioaktivnye ili nekie drugie,
ne menee protivnye).
fall over (oneself/backwards) v. phr. vyvorachivat'sya naiznanku (chtoby
ponravit'sya): At his first date Mick fell over backwards to please Jane.--
Na pervom svidanii s Dzhejn Mik iz kozhi von lez, lish' by ponravit'sya ej.
fall thru v. provalivat': Mick's plan to enter the University fell
through at the last moment.-- V poslednij moment plany Mika postupit' v
universitet ruhnuli.
fall to v. pristupat' k rabote, k ede, k bor'be, koroche -- prosto
pristupat': The knights look their swords out and fell to.-- Rycari vytashchili
svoi mechi i soshlis'.
fan (ne putat' s fun) n. 1. veer; 2. ventilyator; 3. fan (fen), chto
ponyatno uzhe i bez perevoda, ibo fan (fen) i fan-klub -- oni uzhe i v Kitae
fan (fen) i fan-klub.
fan v. pobezhdat', pereigryvat'.
fancy adj. obaldennyj, fantastichnyj.
far cry n. neobychnyj, sovsem drugoj: Tfieir new album was afar cry from
their first one. -- Ih novyj al'bom byl chem-to sovershenno inym. v otlichie ot
pervogo.
far-out adj. ne takoj, kak vse, ot®ehavshij, poehavshij, chudakovatyj: --
Ne is really a far-out guy that is why they don't understand him.-- On,
dejstvitel'no, ne takoj, kak vse, vot pochemu ego nikto ne ponimaet...--
pytaetsya opravdat' neponyatnye kartiny stil'nogo hudozhnika ego menedzher.
185
fast talker n. phr. boltun, obeshchalkin, pustozvon (kotoryj tem ne menee
lovko obvedet vas vokrug pal'ca svoim razgovorom, ugovorom ili obeshchaniyami).
fat chance n. bez variantov, pochti bez shansov: -- We have a fat chance
of beating the Dark Horses.-- U nas pochti net nikakih shansov vyigrat' u
"temnyh loshadok",-- govorit na trenirovke Mik Dzhonu, znaya, naskol'ko sil'na
zaezzhaya komanda.
feel up v. (grub.) lapat', puskat' v hod ruki (po otnosheniyu k devushke),
grubo obyskivat': Podruga Dzhejn yazvitel'no govorit:
-- I don't believe that you have been going out with Mickfor two months
and he has not even felt you up? -- Ni za chto ne poveryu! Ty vstrechaesh'sya s
Mikom uzhe dva mesyaca! I chto, on ni razu ne puskal v hod ruki?..-- I was felt
up as some fucking criminal,-- menya obyskali, kak kakogo-to neschastnogo
prestupnika,-- zhaluetsya komissaru nekij obizhennyj policiej grazhdanin.
feel up to v. phr. chuvstvovat' v sebe sily na... na chto ugodno: -- Do
you feel up to going for sport six time a week?-- I u tebya est' sily shest'
raz v nedelyu zanimat'sya sportom? -- sprashivaet Mika Dzhejn, kogda on zayavil,
chto trenirovki "tigrov" uchashchayutsya.
fill in v. zapolnyat' (anketu), zapolnyat' probely informacii:
-- Please, fill in that form in all the blanks.-- Pozhalujsta, zapolnite
vse pustye mesta v blank-forme.
fly off the handle v. ne umet' derzhat' sebya v rukah: -- Try not to fly
off the handle.-- Starajsya ne sryvat'sya,-- hlopaet trener po plechu samogo
zavodnogo hokkeista kluba.
flying high adj. byt' na sed'mom nebe: Mick and John were flying high
after they passed exams.-- Mik i Dzhon byli na sed'mom nebe ot schast'ya, kogda
sdali ekzamen.
follow up (udarenie na up) v. podkreplyat', zakreplyat': After Jane sent
a letter to apply for a job, she followed it up by going to talk to the
personnel manager.-- Posle togo, kak Dzhejn napisala hodatajstvennoe pis'mo s
pros'boj vzyat' ee na rabotu, ona podkrepila ego eshche i sobesedovaniem s
upravlyayushchim.
186
follow-up (udarenie na. follow) n. dopolnitel'naya rabota, sverhurochnaya
rabota: -- Well, I think you're going to do a bit of follow-up.-- Nu dumayu,
chto vy na etom ne ostanovites' i prodolzhite,-- hvalit prepodavatel' Mika za
udachnyj referat pri nagrazhdenii otlichivshihsya za semestr.
football n. amerikanskij futbol (sm. kartinku) ili chelovek, igrayushchij v
etot samyj futbol. Da, kogda yanki govoryat "futbol", oni imeyut v vidu svoj
futbol, kotoryj bol'she pohozh na regbi. Tot futbol, v kotoryj igrayut vo vsem
mire, amerikancy nazyvayut "soccer": -- The Minsk Zubres? First they werepoor
footballs. but in a year the team won a CIS championship of 1992 and 1993.
Some footballs are not worse than American ones...-- "Minskie Zubry"? Mown
Klark, izvestnyj amerikanskij trener "Majamskih Del'finov", vspominaet svoj
trenerskij opyt s belorusskoj komandoj osen'yu 1991 goda.-- M-da, vnachale oni
byli slabymi futbolistami, no cherez god uzhe stali chempionami SNG...
Nekotorye igroki tam ne huzhe amerikanskih...
for crying out loud interj. vosklicanie srodni nashemu "Bozhe
pravednyj!", ili "vy tol'ko posmotrite!", ili zhe "tvoyu mat'!": -- For crying
out loud, Michael, fix tins out!-- Radi vsego svyatogo, Majkl, uberi etu
gadost' iz mashiny! -- krichit komissar serzhantu, kogda shutnik Holduin radi
prikola podbrosil na siden'e Le Peshenu bol'shuyu lyagushku.
fucker i. chuvak, muzhik (takzhe sm. "mother fucker"). fuck around v.
(grub.) 1. rasputnichat', raspylyat'sya:-- You never accomplish anything cause
you fuck around so much! -- Ty nikogda nichego ne mozhesh' dovesti do konca,
potomu kak razgvdzdyaj!-- uprekaet Mik svoego druga Dzhona; 2. neser'ezno
otnosit'sya k chemu-to, ne umet' sosredotochivat'sya: -- You can't accomplish it
cause you fuck around too much.-- Ty ne mozhesh' zavershit' eto potomu, chto
slishkom neser'eznyj.
187
fucking adj. (grub.) tak govoryat, kogda nuzhno podcherknut' razdrazhenie:
-- Go to the flicking car, John!-- Da sadis' zhe ty, nakonec, v.mashinu, Dzhon!
Ili voshishchenie:-- You are so fucking beautiful today! -- Ty segodnya prosto
chertovski horosha!
fuck off v. phr. (grub.) 1. srygivat', svalivat' devali! srygni!) --
Fuck off! -- Svali otsyuda! -- krichit na Mika Dzhon v redkij moment ssory; 2.
lenit'sya: -- I don't feel like studying today. So I'II fuck off.-- CHto-to
mne neohota uchit'sya,-- govorit Dzhon Miku po doroge v kolledzh.-- Tak chto ya,
pozhaluj, svalyu s zanyatij".
fuck up v.phr. (grub.) 1. provalivat' (vse na fig): -- Today you fuck
off the classes, tomorrow you ' II fuck up your exam.-- Segodnya ty
probrosish' zanyatiya, a zavtra provalish' na fig ekzameny,-- otgovarivaet Mik
Dzhona; 2. ostolbenet', rasteryat'sya, ofonaret': -- I was pretty fucked up.
It's my first combat...-- |to moj pervyj boj. V kakoj-to moment ya pryamo
obaldel, -- otvechaet novobranec na upreki serzhanta.
fuck you v. (samoe gruboe) poshel na...
full of beans adj. phr. byt' v horoshem duhe: Full of beans we came
home.-- My vernulis' domoj v pripodnyatom nastroenii.
fun p. uvlechenie, razvlechenie: -- Nothing special. We just have a
fun.-- Nichego osobennogo. My prosto razvlekaemsya,-- govorit Mik po telefonu
svoej podruge, kogda ona sprashivaet, chto tam za kriki, zhenskie vizgi i
grohot muzyki.
G
garbage down v. phr. zhrat', pozhirat', chavkat', kak svin'ya, upletat':
The soldiers garbaged down their food.-- Soldaty upletali svoyu pajku za obe
shcheki.
gaga adj. tupoj, idioticheskij: A II we hear is Radio Gaga... -- Vse,
chto my slyshim,-- eto "Radio "Tufta",-- poet "Queen" v pesne "Radio Gaga",
imeya v vidu tu lapshu, chto veshayut nam na ushi vse eti obozrevateli, vedushchie i
di-dzhej, vstavlyaya mezhdu horoshimi pesnyami svoi glupye kommentarii, zabavlyayas'
so slushatelyami, slovno s det'mi (otsyuda i proishodyat "gaga" i "guga"). "But
some one still loves you. -- No, tem ne menee, kto-p yu vse eshche tebya lyubit ",
-- poyut dalee "kuiny ". Znachit, ne vseh razdrazhaet ta tufta, ta "gaga ",
kotoruyu my slyshim po radio...
188
gay guy p. gej, "goluboj".
Gee! (vosklicanie) proizvodnoe ot Jesus (Iisus).
get it v.phr. 1. ponimat', uznavat': "I got it on the best authority
that we will be paid for our next week.-- YA uznal ot kompetentnogo
rukovodstva, chto nam zaplatyat za sleduyushchuyu nedelyu"; 2. najti (otvet, veshch'),
uznat', kak sdelat' chto-to: -- I got it! -- Nashel! Est' ideya! Pridumal! --
vskakivaet komissar Le Peshen v tot moment, kogda oni s Lyusi dumayut, chto zhe
podarit' serzhantu Majklu na den' rozhdeniya; -- I got it,-- kivaet Mik, kogda
emu na kursah avtomobilevozhdeniya ob®yasnili pravila parkovki; -- Relax guys,
I got it.-- Uspokojtes', rebyata, ya znayu, v chem delo (sam vse ulazhu),--
uspokaivaet vseh komissar Le Peshen, kogda razdaetsya voj sireny -- srabotalo
protivopozharnoe ustrojstvo; a srabotalo ono na goryashchuyu sigaretu, ostavlennuyu
komissarom v kabinete; 3. vyigrat', pobedit': -- We got it!-- My pobedili!--
radostno obnimayutsya posle matcha "Tigry Vostochnogo Poberezh'ya"; 4. razreshat'.
Obychno upotreblyaetsya s "will" i "would" v otricatel'nyh predlozheniyah: -- I
wanna give a party at my house but my dad and tot will not get it.-- YA hochu
ustroit' vecherinku u sebya doma, no moirodichi ne razreshayut,-- govorit Mik
Dzhonu; 5. pravil'no, tochno: -- Tak, znachit, vy v moment soversheniya
ogrableniya sideli doma?-- potyagivaya brendi, ehidno sprashivaet u
podozrevaemogo Le Peshen.-- I eto mozhet podtverdit' vasha lyubimaya sobaka?--
You got it.-- Tochno,-- kivaet tot; 6. imet': -- OK, let's see what we got.--
Hy-c, davajte posmotrim, chto u nas est', -- govorit komissar, raskladyvaya
pered soboj na stole bumagi; 7. zavershit', dovesti do konca (mozhet, dazhe i
togo... ukokoshit'): Mik i Dzhon, buduchi na kanikulah v Egipte, fotografiruyut
piramidy. Kamera Dzhona harakterno shchelknula.-- You got it?-- sprashivaet u
Dzhona Mik, oborachivayas' na shchelchok. |to mozhno perevesti kak "plenka uzhe
konchilas'?".
get a screw loose v. phr. porot' chush', nesti ahineyu, durit': -- This
time you got a screw loose guy and I got you! You stole a police car!
Komissar Le Peshen zaderzhal ugonshchika avtomobilej i izdevaetsya nad nim: -- Na
etot raz ty, paren', sporol chush' -- 'ugnal policejskuyu mashinu i popalsya.
get away with things v. "krutit'sya", provorachivat' dela: -- Relax, I
know how to gel away with your problem.-- Uspokojsya, ya znayu, kak uladit'
tvoyu problemu.
189
get it made v. phr. vse shvacheno (za vse zaplacheno): -- With your fine
grades you got it made and enter any college you know.-- S tvoim attestatom
u tebya uzhe vse shvacheno, i ty bez problem postupish' v lyuboj kolledzh,--
govorit Mik Dzhejn posle okonchaniya shkoly.
get it out v. phr. razbirat'sya (vesti razborki): After a big quarrel
right in the class room Paul and Bob went out and got it out.-- Posle
bol'shoj ssory v klasse Pol i Bob vyshli vo dvor, gde i razobralis': u odnogo
pod glazom zasvetilsya blansh, u drugogo pripuhla guba.
get off v. 1. vyhodit' (iz avtobusa, iz lifta); -- Excuse me! Getting
off! -- Izvinite! YA vyhozhu!; 2. snimat', skidyvat' (gryaznuyu odezhdu); John
got his wet T-shirt off.-- V razdevalke Dzhon skinul svoyu mokruyu majku; 3.
uhodit': "OK, today GII try to get of/from work.-- Horosho, segodnya ya
postarayus' ujti s raboty poran'she",-- govorit komissar svoej zhene po
telefonu; 4. tashchit'sya, kajfovat', naslazhdat'sya: -- I really get off on
Russian kitchen.-- YA v samom dele tashchus' ot russkoj kuhni,-- oblizyvaetsya
Dzhon, kogda oni s Mikom vpervye probuyut salo.
get off it v. phr. cm. come off it.
get one's ass in a sling v. (grub.) ekvivalent nashemu "ochko szhalos'".
Morskoj pehotinec Timoti Timpson. vspominaet V'etnam: "We saw how charlies
were getting closer and sure I got my ass in a sling...-- My uvideli
priblizhayushchihsya "charli" (v'etnamcev), i, esli chestno, moe ochko nemnogo
szhalos' ".
get on v. 1. odevat'sya, byt' v prikide (v smysle: v modnoj shmotke): --
Get it on, when you've gone.-- Prikin' eto na sebya, kogda ujdesh',-- poet
lider ochen' populyarnoj v nachale semidesyatyh gruppy "T. Rex" Mark Bolan,-- na
hite "Get it on " 1971 goda; 2. planirovat' chto-to: -- I have no idea about
visiting our friend. I got a big weekend on.-- Dazhe i ne predstavlyayu, smogu
li ya posetit' nashego druga, u menya bol'shie plany na etot uik-end, -- govorit
Mik Dzhonu vo vremya obsuzhdeniya vremeni poseshcheniya ih bol'nogo tovarishcha Boba.
get out v. ubirat'sya, uhodit', svalivat': -- Hands up! Get out of the
car! -- Ruki vverh! Vyhodi iz mashiny! -- komissar Le Peshen i serzhant Holduin
nastavili revol'very na ugonshchika avtomobilya.
get somebody v. 1. ubivat' (nasilovat') kogo-nibud': -- I got this
mother fucker.-- YA ubil etogo ublyudka,-- brosil Bill obstupivshim ego
gorozhanam, opoveshchaya tem samym, chto vremya straha i bespredela proshlo. (Net,
eto ne Fenimor Kuper, vse primery ya sam sochinyayu.); 2. lovit' kogo-libo,
zastavat', obretat' (najti lyubimuyu, naprimer): -- Got you!-- Popalas'! --
radostno vykrikivaet |ndi, zastukav svoyu zhenu s drugim. Pochemu radostno?
Vidimo, emu vygodno poluchit' razvod. -- I love you since you got me.-- YA
lyublyu tebya s teh por, kak ty menya nashel,-- govorit Dzhejn Miku, i on
staraetsya etomu verit'.
190
ghosting n. slovo ghosting ne nuzhno putat' s "privideniem".
Go-sting-eto znachit rabotat' za kogo-to, ostavayas' v teni, prizrakom. V svoe
vremya na gostinge sil'no pogorela amerikanskaya gruppa "Nilli-Vanilli",
kotoraya ne tol'ko pela pod faneru, tak eshche i ne pod svoyu faneru.
G.I. ryadovoj U.S.Armed Force (sokrashchenie ot "Government Issue" --
gosudarstvennyj vypendrezhnik -- tak amerikanskij narod prozval svoih
soldat).
gimmi/gimme ot "give me": -- Take this bottle away. Gimme just a
regular water.-- Uberi etu butylku! Daj mne obychnoj vody,-- prosit serzhanta
komissar Le Peshen, vozvrashchaya Holduinu butylku s sodovoj.
giveaway n. 1. yasno, kak perec: -- It is a giveaway who is gonna be a
winner.-- |to uzhe yasnoe delo, kto pobedit,-- gor'ko usmehaetsya Dzhejn, stoya
za kulisami zala, gde prohodit konkurs krasoty, i namekaya Miku, chto shou
"Miss Massachusets" naskvoz' prognilo; 2. rasprodazha po snizhennym cenam: --
Let's go to the Main Street, there's a big giveaway over there.-- Davaj
pojdem na Mejn-cmpum, segodnya tam bol'shaya rasprodazha.
give away v. 1. darit': -- I have some just now born kittens to give
away.-- U menya poyavilos' neskol'ko kotyat -- tol'ko chto rodilis', i ya
sobirayus' ih razdarit'; 2. vydavat' (sekret): Jane said she didn't care
about Mick but her blushing cheeks gave her away.-- Dzhejn skazala, chto ej
naplevat' na Mika, no vspyhnuvshie kraskoj shcheki vydali .devushku.
give oneself away v. raskolot'sya, vydat' sebya chem-libo: -- The thief
gave himself away by spending this money, stupid log.-- |tot vor vydal sebya
tem, chto stal tratit' den'gi, vot pridurok,-- uhmylyayas', govorit komissar,
hot' v etom zasluga ne ego, a bditel'nogo buhgaltera, pozvonivshego v
policiyu: on uznal banknoty po nomeram. -- Dzhon! Direktor vyzyvaet tebya na
kover za to, chto ty rugnulsya na poslednem futbol'nom matche! -- pryskaya ot
smeha, govorit Mik svoemu drugu. No tot lish' usmehaetsya v otvet: -- You
again gave yourself away by giggling.-- Ty opyat' vydan sebya hihikan'em.
191
give oneself up v. sdavat'sya (dobrovol'no): Serzhant Majkl Holduin
govorit svoemu bossu i horoshemu priyatelyu komissaru Le Peshenu (vidimo, zatem,
chtoby tot ne ochen' uzh radovalsya): -- Da, ser. samye udachnye i stremitel'no
raskrytye dela -- eto when some one gives oneself up. On govorit o yavke s
povinnoj. Komissar lish' koso poglyadyvaet na obidchika: Majklu on proshchaet
lyubye podkolki.
give oneself up to v. uhodit' vo chto-to s golovoj, predavat'sya
chemu-libo: John came inside from the damn cold and gave himself up to the
warm room pleasure. -- Dzhon zashel v dom iz treklyatoj ulichnoj holodrygi i s
udovol'stviem otdalsya teplu.-- My dad at his 17 was a hippy, a real rolling
stone,-- govorit Mik o rannej yunosti svoego fazera.-- Ne gave away himself
up to a life of wandering . together with his rock ban.-- Moj predok v
semnadcat' byl xunnu, nastoyashchim perekati-polem. On brodyazhnichal vmeste s
mestnoj rok-gruppoj.
give one's right arm v. otdat' mnogoe za to, chtoby uvidet' chto-to ili
byt' gde-nibud': -- Da,-- vzdyhaet Dzhon.-- 1 would give my right arm to be
able to live those years, chto oznachaet: -- YA mnogoe by otdal, chtoby pozhit' v
te vremena.
give out v. 1. vydavat' (raskryvat', predavat', razbaltyvat'): -- Mary
gave out that Tot and she are gonna marry.-- Meri vydala, chto oni s Tomom
sobirayutsya pozhenit'sya,-- govorit kovboj Bill Dzhonu: 2. vydavat', izdavat'
(krik, vopl'): Timothy gave out a yell when he saw what the soldiers did
with their Ml 6 rifles...-- Timoti izdal vopl', kogda uvidel, kak ego
soldatiki sobirayut Ml 6; 3. razdat'; 4. razvalit'; 5. zakonchit' ili ujti; 6.
(voen.) "otstavit'!", "svoboden!"; govoritsya, kogda kto-to chto-to delaet ne
tak i na nego orut, chtoby on bol'she za eto ne bralsya.
give up v. 1. ustupat': Mick got the ball in his hands and didn't give
it up. -- Mik zavladel myachom i ne ustupil ego soperniku; 2. ostanavlivat'sya,
prekrashchat' chto-to delat': They gave up smoking.-- Oni brosili kurit'; 3.
oblamyvat'sya, perestavat' nadeyat'sya, zhdat', lyubit', verit'...: Ne was given
up by the doctors, but rode. out successfully.-- Hot' vrachi i postavili na
nem krest, paren' uspeshno vykarabkalsya iz boleznej posle avarii.
give up the ghost v. phr. ispuskat' duh, otbrasyvat' kopyta -- esli
kasaetsya lyudej; zaglohnut', vstat', ostanovit'sya -- esli rech' o mehanizmah:
The old Rob gave up the ghost.-- Starina Rob otdal Bogu dushu. The engine
turned over a few times and gave up the ghost.-- Momop sdelal parochku
oborotov i zagloh.
192
give up the ship v. phr. sdat' korabl', prekratit' soprotivlenie,
slomat'sya (polnyj oblom), slit' igru: -- OK, boys, everything is OK! Don't
give up the ship! -- Vse normal'no, mal'chiki, vse horosho! Tol'ko ne nado
sdavat'sya! -- podbadrivaet trener svoih hokkeistov posle proigrannogo
pervogo perioda.
give way v. 1. vozvrashchat'sya: -- German troops were giving way before
our cannon fire.-- Nemeckie vojska otstupali pered ognem nashih pushek.--
rasskazyvaet dedushka Mika o svoem uchastii vo Vtoroj mirovoj vojne; 2.
osvobozhdat', ochishchat'/ -- Please give way before the door.-- Pozhalujsta,
osvobodite mesto pered dver'yu, a to ona ne otkroetsya,-- govorit Dzhejn svoemu
plemyanniku i ego sosedskomu priyatelyu, kotorye ustroili igru v komnate i
zabarrikadirovali dver' igrushkami; 3. teryat' kontrol', teryat' terpenie ili
prisutstviya duha: Although she was very frightened she didn 't give way
during the flood.-- Vo vremya navodneniya ona hot' i byla uzhasno napugana, tem
ne menee ne teryala prisutstviya duha; 3. ustupat': Mick and John kept asking
Jane's mother if Jane could go with them and the woman finally gave way.--
Mik i Dzhon vse vremya ugovarivali mamu Dzhejn otpustit' doch' vmeste s nimi i,
v konce koncov zhenshchina sdalas'; 4. razrushat'sya, padat', rushit'sya: The dam
gave way.-- I plotina ruhnula.
gloss over v. zamyat', utryasti: John broke the vase and Mick tried to
gloss it over by saying it wouldn't cost much to get it fixed.-- Dzhon razbil
vazu, baluyas' na uroke, a Mik pytalsya zamyat' eto delo: govoril, chto skleit'
ee budet nedorogo.
go about v. 1. byt' zanyatym chem-to: -- I am going about my homework
tonight.-- YA segodnya vecherom zanyata, budu uchit' uroki,-- otvechaet Dzhejn Miku
na ego predlozhenie rvanut' na diskoteku; 2. pereezzhat', peredvigat'sya ot
odnogo mesta k drugomu ili rasprostranyat' chto-to ot odnogo cheloveka k
drugomu: Ne usually goes about telling untrue stories.-- On postoyanno
rasskazyvaet vsem vsyakuyu nepravdu; 3. gulyat', druzhit' ili hodit' vmeste: --
/ don't want you to go about with Bob. -- YAne hochu, chtoby ty vodilsya s etim
Bobom, -- grozno govorit mama Mika.
go ahead v. nachinat' chto-to: -- Go ahead. - Poehali,-- govorit komissar
Le Peshen serzhantu Holduinu, sadyas' v mashinu.-- May I ask you a question? --
Mozhno zadat' vopros? -- - sprashivaet novobranec.-- Go ahead. -Valyaj,--
razreshaet serzhant. The teacher told the students not to write on the copy
book yet but Mick went ahead already.-- Uchitel' skazal studentam nichego ne
pisat' v tetradyah, no Mik uzhe nachal.
193
go after v. sledovat', vypolnyat', postarat'sya sdelat': -- First read
the instruction and then go after it.-- Prezhde prochitajte instrukciyu, a
potom uzhe pristupajte k rabote,-- govorit kovboi Bill svoim druz'yam,
pytayushchimsya zavesti s hodu novyj traktor.
go along v. 1. na hodu, vo vremya dvizheniya, po puti, po mere dvizheniya:
Bill made up the story as he went along.-- Bill pryamo na hodu sochinyal
istoriyu; 2. idti vmeste, soprovozhdat', za kompaniyu: Jane went along with
them to Mick's house,-- Dzhejn shla vmeste s nimi k domu Mika. Johnjust went
along for the ride to the ball game. But he was not going to play.-- Dzhon
prosto za kompaniyu poehal s nimi na igru, a voobshche on igrat' ne sobiralsya;
3. sledovat', povtoryat': -- When one gas station lifts the gas prices the
others go along.-- Kak tol'ko na odnoj zapravochnoj stancii podnimut ceny na
benzin, to srazu zhe i drugie ne otstayut, -- nedovol'no vorchit komissar,
zaplativ za zapravku na desyat' centov bol'she. 4. soglashat'sya: -- Jane is a
nice girl. - I'll go along with that.-- Dzhejn krasivaya,-- govorit Mik.--
Pozhaluj, da,-- soglashaetsya Dzhon.
go ape v. phr. duret', s uma shodit': Jane did go ape over the new
car.-- Uvidev novuyu mashinu, Dzhejn chut' ne soshla s uma (ot radosti).
go broke v. razoryat'sya, progorat': The company went broke cause no one
did buy its production.-- Kompaniya progorela, razorilas', potomu chto nikto
ne pokupal ee produkciyu.
go for broke v. phr. riskovat' vsem, idti va-bank: -- Aha, I see our
boys have nothing to loose so they're gonna go for broke.-- Aga,-- radostno
soobrazhaet komissar Le Peshen,-- pohozhe, chto nashim mal'chikam uzhe nechego
teryat' i oni idut va-bank.
go Dutch v. phr. "po-gollandski" -- eto oznachaet, chto na vecherinke
kazhdyj platit za sebya (sm. "dutch treat"). Net, vse-taki ne lyubyat amerikancy
gollandcev. Po krajnej mere schitayut ih, vidimo, zhadnymi i prizhimistymi i
hotyat dokazat' vsemu miru, chto samye plohie cherty haraktera amerikancam
"zavezli" iz Evropy. A ved' gollandcy po deshevke prodali im Long-Ajlend, na
kotorom pokoitsya stolica mira -- N'yu-Jork.
go-go adj. informal aktivnyj ili dazhe superaktivnyj, zhivoj: -- I love
Paul, he is so... so... lie is just a go-go kind of guy as we are either.
Mik rasskazyvaet Dzhonu pro svoego novogo druga Pola, s kotorym on sobiraet
rok-gruppu: -- Mne nravitsya Pol. On takoj... takoj... nu, koroche, on
sumasshedshij zayac, kak i my s toboj.
194
go over v. 1. peresmatrivat', perechityvat', peredumyvat',
pereobmozgovyvat': The officer went over the list and found John's name.--
Sluzhashchij vnov' peresmotrel spisok i nashel-taki v nem imya Dzhona; 2. opyat',
vnov': -- Please make sure what do you want on Earth! We painted this
fucking cabin once. then we went over it again.-- Pozhalujsta, opredelites' v
konce koncov, chego zhe vy, blin, hotite! My uzhe odin raz pokrasili etu
hrenovuyu halupu, potom perekrasili po-novomu! -- ne vyderzhivaet Dzhon posle
togo, kak molodaya zhenshchina-biznesmen, nanyavshaya ih na letnee vremya
podrabotat', zayavlyaet, chto domik, kotoryj oni s Mikom uzhe krasili dva raza,
okazyvaetsya, nuzhno perekrashivat' v tretij raz. Ochen' tipichnaya, kstati,
kartina dlya Ameriki, esli vash supervajzer (nachal'nik po-nashemu) --
amerikanskaya zhenshchina. Ot zhenshchiny-nachal'nicy v Amerike vsegda ishodit kipuchaya
aktivnost', bryzzhet fontan idej i predlozhenij, vypolnenie kotoryh i. chto
samoe obidnoe, skoroe ispravlenie ona tak zhe aktivno perekladyvaet na plechi
svoih podchinennyh. Tut nuzhno, kak v armii: ne toropis' vypolnyat' prikaz,
mozhet, ego skoro otmenyat; 3. pereuchivat', pereproveryat', perechityvat': Na
uroke prepodavatel' govorit svoim uchenikam: -- After you finish t1iis test,
please go over it to watch out mistakes.-- Posle togo, kak zakonchite test,
probegites' po nemu eshche raz, chtoby proverit' oshibki; 4. perehodit',
pereezzhat', peredvigat': -- You should go over to the other side of the
street.-- Vam nuzhno perejti na tu storonu ulicy,-- ob®yasnyaet komissar Le
Peshen bezdomnomu brodyage, prosyashchemu milostynyu okolo dverej policii; 5.
othvatit' udachu (v smysle: ponravit'sya vsem, preuspet'):-- Your joke went
over with every one.-- Tvoya shutka, nakonec-to, proshla,-- ulybaetsya Mik,
kogda vse smeyutsya nad zalepoj Dzhona.
going through changes v. phr. projti skvoz' ogon', vodu i mednye truby:
-- It looks like you have gone through changes? -- Pohozhe, chto vy popali v
peredryagu,-- govorit kapitan Maknejl serzhantu Timoti, vidya, chto ot vzvoda
Timoti v stroyu ostalas' lish' polovina.
goldfish bowl n. situaciya ili mesto, gde nevozmozhno hranit' tajny. My v
podobnyh sluchayah govorim: "kak na ladoni", "vsyudu ushi...": -- Please don't
kiss me in the office, our office is a goldfish bowl.-- Pozhalujsta,--
govorit sekretarsha Lyusi serzhantu Holduinu,-- ne celuj menya v ofise, tam
vsyudu glaza i ushi.
195
gonna ot "going to":-- I'm gonna go (I'm going to go).-- YA sobirayus'
uhodit'.
goof off v. lenit'sya, "v lom", valyat' duraka: -- 1 know why you didn 't
promote. That because you goofed off all the time. - Znaesh', pochemu u tebya
nichego ne poluchaetsya?-- govorit trener "Tigrov " Bobu.-- |to potomu, chto ty
slishkom mnogo shlangu esh'. goof up v. lazhat', sm. blunder. Gosh!
(vosklicanie) Bozhe!
gotta ot 'riave to/have got to".-- Sorry, but I gotta finish my meal.
-- Izvinite, no ya dolzhen vnachale doest',-- reagiruet komissar Le Peshen na
srochnyj vyzov vo vremya lancha.
got it coming v. zasluzhivat', po zaslugam: -- Sorry about your failure,
John. But you got it coming to you. Yo u didn't crack' a book until the
night before exam.-- Mne, dejstvitel'no, zhal', chto ty provalilsya,-- govorit
Mik Dzhonu.-- No ty sam zasluzhil eto. Ty ved' tak i ne raskryl knigi do
poslednego vechera pered ekzamenom.
got it in for v. imet' zub, zatait' zlobu: After the Tigers beat
Chicago Buffaloes Chicago's coach got it in for the Tigers.-- Posle togo,
kak "tigry" pobedili komandu "CHikagskie Bizony ", u chikagskogo trenera vyros
zub na "tigrov ".
grad p. sokrashchennyj variant "graduates " -- starsheklassnik.
great adv. otlichno, klass, klevo, neveroyatno, grandiozno, kruto,
zdorovo, obaldenno: -- You have won?! Oh, it's great! -- Vy vyigrali?!
Grandiozno!
green back p. baks, "zelen'". Kak vidim, nashe prostorechnoe "baks"
proishodit ot ih laskovogo "zelenaya spinka" -- tak amerikancy prozvali svoyu
valyutu.
green with envy adj. phr. pozelenet' ot zavisti: Sergeant Black was
green with envy.-- Serzhant CHernov pozelenel ot zavisti (serzhantu Krasnovu
uvelichili zhalovan'e).
grip (to grumble, to moan, to bitch) v. nyt', zhalovat'sya. Gumbo p.
duren', oluh, obalduj.
n
hang around v. slonyat'sya (bez dela): -- Don't hang around the comer
drugstore after school! -- Nechego sobirat'sya posle shkoly na uglu apteki! --
razgonyaet komissar malyshnyu, predpolagaemyh v budushchem narkomanov.
"...Strawberry fields, where nothing is real and nothing to get hang
around...-- Zemlyanichnye polya, gde nichto nereal'no, gde nekogda skuchat'..."
-- pel Dzhon Lennon v pesne "Strawberry Fields Forever". Fevral', 1967 god.
196
have a go at/got a go at v. postarat'sya eshche raz; -- Let Mark got a go
at making a jump! -- Razreshite Marku eshche raz popytat'sya prygnut'!
have had it/have got it v. phr. imet' spolna, "nahlebat'sya dosyta": --
Ne 's got it ", the doc said when he examined the man who had been shot.--
On svoe poluchil,-- obronil doktor, osmotrev gangstera posle perestrelki s
policiej.
hawk p. lyuboj predstavitel' otryada sokolinyh, semejstva yastrebinyh:
yastreb-perepelyatnik, yastreb-teterevyatnik, malyj perepelyatnik, yastreb-tyuvik,
kak, vprochem i lyuboj predstavitel' semejstva sokolinyh: sokol-sapsan,
baloban, krechet, derbnik, pustel'ga, kolchenok, a takzhe korshun, kanyuk, osoed
i skopa, esli on nebol'shogo razmera... Koroche, vse, chto letaet s kryuchkovatym
klyuvom i zhret vsyakuyu melkuyu zverinuyu svoloch' i ne dotyagivaet do gordogo
zvaniya orla. Primerno tak opisan "hawk" v "Oxford Advanced Learner's
Dictionary" Hornbi, Kaui i Dzhimsona. Pod kartinkoj tipichnogo skopy stoit
podpis', chto eto i est' yastreb, hotya dlya takogo urovnya slovarya bylo by
oshibkoj stavit' podpis' "yastreb" dazhe pod neposredstvenno yastrebom, ne
utochnyaya, kakoj zhe eto vid.
headhunt/headhunting ya. rabota po blatu, biznes-set' iz znakomyh, chto,
kstati, ne schitaetsya plohim ili amoral'nym, a poroj ochen' dazhe horoshim. Vse
svoi. Nikto nikogo ne podvodit.
heat i. pomimo "teploty" i "zhara" heat oznachaet: 1. obhod, prohod,
period, raund (v sportivnom smysle), shvatka; 2. gorech' (vo rtu); 3. dopros;
4. "faraon", policejskij; 5. nasilie, davlenie. Takim obrazom izvestnyj
fil'm "Red Heat" s uchastiem Arnol'da SHvarceneggera v roli sovetskogo
milicionera, oruduyushchego v CHikago, ya by perevel ne kak "Krasnaya ZHara", a kak
"Krasnyj Obhod", "Krasnaya Sila", "Krasnyj Raund", "Krasnyj Period", "Krasnyj
Prohod", "Krasnyj Pressing" ili prosto "Krasnyj Policejskij" v konce koncov!
To zhe kasaetsya i fil'mov "Dead Heat", "Heat" i dr.
heat p. "faraon", policejskij.
helter-skelter adv. slomya golovu.
he-man p. silach.
hey! "privet!", "ej!"
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hi "privet!"
hit it off v. phr. ladit', "tashchit'sya" drug ot druga: -- Mick and Jane
hit it off with each other,-- govorit Dzhon svoej devushke S'yu, chto oznachaet,
chto Miku i Dzhejn ochen' dazhe klassno vdvoem.
hit on/upon v. naryvat'sya, natykat'sya, neozhidanno vstretit': Komissar
policii Le Peshen govorit serzhantu Majklu Holduinu posle uspeshnogo zaderzhaniya
podozrevaemogo v ograblenii magazina, kotoryj (podozrevaemyj) neozhidanno dlya
samogo komissara okazalsya nastoyashchim prestupnikom: "Bylo neskol'ko pridurkov,
kotorye mogli tak bezdarno vzyat' etot magazin. But I hit on the right one
the first time.-- No ya s pervogo raza natknulsya na togo, kogo nado".
hit or miss adv. avos', naugad: -- Nu, i kotoryj zdes' dom tvoego
pridurochnogo rodstvennichka?! -- kovboj Bill vozmushchenno obvodit vzglyadom
ulicu s tremya-chetyremya desyatkami domov.-- OK, we just should ring doorbells
hit or miss.-- Nu horosho, togda my prosto budem zvonit' v kazhduyu dver'
naudachu",-- nashelsya Dzhon.
hit the bull's eye v. phr. popadat' v desyatku, v samoe yablochko: -- I
got the bull's eye!-- YA popal v yablochko! -- radostno krichit serzhant Holduin
komissaru Le Peshenu posle vystrela v tire.-- John hit the bull's-eye.-- Dzhon
porazil samoe yablochko,-- obradovalsya prepodavatel', uslyshav otvet Dzhona na
svoj hitryj vopros.
hit the ceiling/roof v. besit'sya ot zlosti, vyhodit' iz sebya: Dzhon
utrom v kolledzhe govorit drugu Miku: -- Slushaj, v kotorom chasu my vchera
vernulis' domoj?-- Na moih bylo tri,-- otvechaet Mik.-- Gosh (Bozhe).--
zakatyvaet glaza Dzhon.-- My dade hit the ceiling. |to oznachaet: to-to moj
papashka menya chut' ne pribil. A Mik otvechaet: -- Andmy one hit thereof
either, chto perevoditsya kak-- Daj u moego krysha poehala (v smysle: tak
vzbesilsya, chto chut' ne tronulsya).
hit the dirt v. (voen.) zalegat', utykat'sya nosom v zemlyu: -- We hit
the dirt the moment we heard the machine gun fire.-- My zalegli, kak tol'ko
uslyshali pulemetnuyu ochered'.
hit the deck v. "pod®em!", "horosh spat'!": -- OK boys, it's time to hit
the deck! -- Nu, rebyatki, horosh dryhnut', podnimajsya! -- krichit serzhant
Majkl Holduin, vhodya v obshchuyu kameru, gde spyat zaderzhannye noch'yu vsyakie
rolling-stouny i hit-ze-roudy.
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hit the hay ili hit the sack v. "davit' na massu", idti na bokovuyu,
spat', odnim slovom: -- I'm pretty tired, gonna hit the hay early.-- CHto-to
ya segodnya pereutomilsya, pojdu poran'she domoj, "nadavlyu na massu ".
hit the jackpot v. lovit' udachu: -- Your new gadget hit the jackpot.--
Tvoe novoe prisposoblenie lovit sinyuyu pticu-udachu! -- smeetsya kovboj Bill,
glyadya, kak ogorodnoe pugalo Dzhona, vrashchayas' na vetru, raspugivaet vseh
voron.
hit the nail on the head v. delat' "to, chto doktor propisal", "ne v
brov', a v glaz"; -- Your talk hit the nail on the head! -- Vasha rech',
komissar,-- eto to, chto doktor propisal! -- voshishchenno hlopaet po plechu
komissara serzhant Majkl.
hit the road v. phr. 1. svalivat', ubirat'sya, skatert'yu doroga, katis'
otsyuda: -- Where is John? I don't know. He said nothing and hit the road.--
Dzhon? Ne znayu, gde on. On nichego ne skazal i prosto svalil. 2. n . brodyaga,
bomzh.
hit the road n. 1. brodyaga: -- Hit The Road Jack, don 'I come back no
more, no more, no more, no more...-- Brodyaga Dzhek, ne prihodi bol'she
nikogda! 2. v. katis', skatert'yu doroga.
hit the sauce v. phr. "sest' na stakan", zapit': Hug began to hit the
sauce when Mary left him.-- Hug besprobudno zapil s teh por, kak Meri
brosila ego.
hold on v. 1. derzhat'sya: -- Hold on tight! -- Derzhis' krepche! -- krichit
Mik, vidya, kak bespechno vedet sebya Dzhejn na "beshenyh russkih gorkah; 2.
zhdat' na telefone, ne veshaya trubki: -- Hold on, I ask my secretary.-- He
veshajte trubku. YA sproshu svoego sekretarya,-- govorit komissar; 3. prodolzhat'
delo (naperekor sud'be): This case sounded dead duck but the commissar held
on and finally met a success.-- Delo kazalos' dohlym nomerom, no komissar
prodolzhal zanimat'sya im, i emu v konce koncov povezlo; 4. tipa nashego
"horosh" ili "slushaj syuda": -- Hold on! I want the car back tonight! --
Slushaj syuda! -- starshij brat Dzhona, vidya, chto ego mladshij bratec, poluchiv
klyuchi ot mashiny, uzhe rvanulsya k vyhodu, ostanavlivaet ego.-- YA hochu, chtoby
ty vernul mashinu segodnya vecherom!
hold off v. 1. derzhat'sya na rasstoyanii, byt' nedostupnym: His chilly
manner holds people off.-- Ego manera holodno so vsemi derzhat'sya ne
pozvolyaet lyudyam sojtis' s nim poblizhe; 2. sderzhivat' (ataku): -- This mother
fucker locked himself in the house and holds off for an hour.-- |tot ublyudok
zapersya v dome i derzhitsya tam (otstrelivayas', estestvenno) uzhe chas,--
govorit serzhant Holduin komissaru, pribyvshemu na mesto dejstviya. 3.
otsrochit', otkladyvat': Jack held of/paying for building while interest
rates were high.-- Dzhekreshil povremenit' s postrojkoj doma do teh por, poka
kurs dollara ne upadet (ne hotel, vidimo, platit' rabochim beshenye den'gi).
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hold out v. 1. protyagivat' (chto-to v ruke, predlagat'); Mick held out a
T-shirt for John to try on.-- Mik protyanul Dzhonu majku, chtoby tot prikinul
ee na sebya; 2. ne ustupat', uderzhivat' (oboronu): The company held out for
three hours under siege.-- Popav v zasadu, rota derzhala oboronu tri chasa; 3.
uporstvovat', soprotivlyat'sya: The strikers held out for a raise of two
dollar an hour.-- Zabastovshchiki nastaivali na povyshenii zarplaty na dva
dollara za chas; 4. skryvat': John held out on Mick when the invitation has
come.-- Dzhon skryl ot Mika, chto priglashenie na vecherinku uzhe prishlo (reshil
ustroit' emu syurpriz).
hold-out n. upryamec: -- Every one left that place, the Old Sam is the
only hold-out. Kovboj Bill govorit svoemu drugu o sosede Seme:-- Vse
pokinuli eto mesto, i tol'ko starina Sem ostaetsya "poslednim iz mogikan ".
hold over v. tormoznut', v smysle: ostat'sya na meste, ne dergat'sya,
otlozhit' kakoe-libo dejstvie: -- I held over for sometime cause they
couldn't get an another man for this job.-- YA tormoznul na etoj rabote eshche
nenadolgo, tak kak nikogo ne smogli najti mne na zamenu,-- rasskazyvaet
kovboj Bill o dnyah, provedennyh na rancho v sosednem shtate.-- Our colonel
held over his odder to.-- Nash polkovnik priderzhal komandu na otpravku lyudej,
-- dokladyvaet serzhant Timpson kapitanu.
hold up v. 1. podnimat': John held up his hand.-- Dzhon podnyal ruku
(zhelaya otvetit' na vopros prepodavatelya); Mick held out a T-shirtfor Jane to
try on.-- Mik protyanul Dzhejn majku primerit';
2. podderzhivat', zabotit'sya: K komissaru Le Peshenu prihodit na priem
tuchnyj grazhdanin (kakih v Amerike nemalo) i, edva opustiv sedalishche.na
skladnoj stul'chik komissara, padaet vmeste so stulom. Le Peshen pomogaet
ohayushchemu grazhdaninu vstat' i govorit, izvinyayas': -- Sorry, sir. But my
furniture is too weak to hold you up.-- Izvinite, ser, no moya mebel' slishkom
slaba i vas ne derzhit; 3. demonstrirovat', privlekat' vnimanie: -- I'll hold
up the best examples to you soon.-- YA skoro prinesu vam luchshie obraz
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cy;-- govorit uchitel' studentam, rasskazyvaya ob uspehah drugoj gruppy;
4. priostanavlivat', zaderzhivat': Avariya na doroge, i serzhant Holduin, popav
v probku, krichit po racii: -- Commish! The wreck held up fucking traffic! --
Komissar! Zdes' avariya! Ostanovilos' vse dvizhenie, chert poderi!; 5. grabit':
-- Some masked men held up the bank! -- Kakie-to lyudi v maskah obchistili
bank! -- krichit komissaru v telefonnuyu trubku serzhant Holduin.-- I ya tut
prihvatil upavshuyu u banditov pachku deneg, tak chto uzhin -- -za mnoj (on me);
6. derzhat'sya, sohranyat' hladnokrovie, spokojstvie: Situation was really very
dangerous but the sergeant held up for his soldiers' sake.-- Situaciya byla,
dejstvitel'no, ochen' opasnaya, no serzhant sohranyal spokojstvie radi svoih
soldat; 7. dokazyvat' pravdu: -- Frankly speaking we were doubtful, but your
story held up.-- Vnachale my somnevalis',-- govorit komissar policii Le Peshen
odnomu chastnomu detektivu,-- no vasha istoriya vse podtverdila; 8. otsrochit':
-- We decided to hold up this plan of reconstruction cause we have no
necessary financial support.-- My reshili otlozhit' plan rekonstrukcii, potomu
kak u nas sejchas net na eto. neobhodimyh finansov.
hold-up p. (udarenie na "hold") ograblenie: V magazin yuvelirnyh
izdelij, gde otovarivayutsya samye prikinutye n'yujorkcy, vryvayutsya dvoe v
maskah i krichat, napravlyaya na bogatyh posetitelej i bednyh prodavcov
revol'very: -- Put your wallets on the table! This is a hold-up! -- Koshel'ki
na prilavok! |to ograblenie!
homo p. sokrashchenno ot "homosexual".
hot dog eto takoj buterbrod s sosiskoj i bulkoj, izvestnyj nam kak
"hog-dog", a takzhe vosklicanie tipa "klass!": -- Hot dog! -- Dzhon
razvorachivaet podarok Mika na den' rozhdeniya: noven'kij plejer.
hot red adv. adj. chetkij, klassnyj, klevyj, vazhnyj, krutoj. Tak chto
los-andzhelesskaya populyarnaya (esli ne luchshaya za vse 90-e gody) gruppa "Hot
Red Chilie Peppers"-- eto ne prosto zhguchie krasnye chilijskie percy, no
odnovremenno i ochen' klevye.
humpty-dumpty adj. ih Hampti-Dampti (nash SHaltaj-Boltaj) na samom dele
mozhet oznachat' ne tol'ko skazochnogo yajcegolovogo parnya, chto svalilsya so
steny, no i nikchemnogo, ni na chto ne prigodnogo tipa ili prosto plohogo
cheloveka.
hush-hush adj. po-tihomu, vtihuyu: Mexican secret police turned over
Sobell to the FBI in a hush-hush border meeting.-- Sekretnaya meksikanskaya
policiya peredala FBR Sobelya vo vremya tajnoj vstrechi na granice.
201
I
ice n. tak inogda nazyvayut "briliki", yuvelirnye izdeliya.
ice man n. a tak inogda nazyvayut togo, kto eti briliki voruet.
idiot box n. telek, yashchik (v smysle: telek).
idiot girl a tak nazyvayut devushek, kotorye v etom samom "idiot-bokse"
rabotayut. Tol'ko ne diktorov i ne vedushchih, a teh dlinnonogih devic, chto
hodyat po studii tuda-syuda, chto-to unosyat, chto-to prinosyat, kogda razdaetsya
vozglas: "Priz v studiyu!".
ill at ease adj. phr. kak na igolkah, nervnichat', volnovat'sya,
chuvstvovat' sebya ne v svoej tarelke: -- Mick had never been to a big
football match before and he, as well as John, was ill at ease. Mik vpervye
igral v nastoyashchem ser'eznom matche i poetomu, kak i Dzhon, tozhe slegka
volnovalsya.
I'll bet you my bottom dollar informal to zhe, chto i "you bet a sweet as
on...", t.e. "byt' uverennym na vse sto": -- I'll bet you my bottom dollar
the Hawks kick our asses.-- YA uveren na vse sto, chto "yastreby " nas
naderut,-- govorit Mik Dzhonu pered matchem s proshlogodnimi chempionami.
in a circle adv. toptat'sya na meste, hodit' po krugu.
in a family way adj. phr. informal sobirat'sya rodit', na snosyah: --
Ifyou don't mind I can present you with a kitten. Soon I get some, cause our
cat Martha is in a family way.-- Esli hochesh', ya mogu podarit' tebe kotenka.
Skoro u menya ih mnogo budet. Nasha koshka Marta vot-vot razroditsya,-- govorit
Dzhejn svoej podruzhke Syuzi: obe devushki sidyat na kortochkah pered igrayushchimi
kotyatami Syuzi, kotoryh ta obozhaet.
in a(ass) hole adj. phr. nahodit'sya v zatrudnenii, v zadnice (osobenno
eto kasaetsya kartochnyh igr i sporta): -- We got their pitcher in the ass
hole with the bases full ami no one out. My zatknuli ih pitchera v zadnicu,
zahvativ vse bazy,-- opisyvayut napereboj vcherashnij bejsbol'nyj match Mik i
Dzhon.
in a pig's eye adv. edva, s trudom: -- You ask me would I do that? In a
pig's eye! -- Ty sprashivaesh', budu li ya eto delat'? Vryad li!
in character adv. adj. phr. harakterno, obychno, tipichno: -I didn't
recognize Mick, all those his vulgar jokes... that was not in character,
cause he is polite.-- YA ne u znayu Mika. Vse eti ego shutochki... On ved'
obychno takoj vezhlivyj,-- zhaluetsya Syuzi Dzhejn na ee boj-frenda vo vremya
sovmestnoj vecherinki.
202
in cold blood adv.phr. hladnokrovno: Predstav'te kartinu. Idet sud nad
krokodilom, ubivshim martyshku. Podsudimyj obryvaet sud'yu l'va: -- Why are you
underlining that I did it in a cold blood? It is naturalfor me! -- Pochemu vy
postoyanno podcherkivaete, chto ya sdelal eto hladnokrovno? (Delo v tom, chto vse
reptilii schitayutsya "cold blooded" -- holodnokrovnymi zhivotnymi.) |to zhe tak
estestvenno dlya menya!
in on prep. pustit' na... potratit' na... izrashodovat' na...: All the
guys from the team collected money and went in on a gift to John's
birthday.-- Rebyata iz komandy sobrali den'gi i pustili ih na podarok ko dnyu
rozhdeniya Dzhona.
in one's face adv. neozhidanno, vdrug: When they arrested another
suspect the commissar's first plan has changed right in its face.-- Kogda
zaderzhali vtorogo podozrevaemogo, to pervonachal'nyj plan komissara rezko
izmenilsya.
in one's shoes adv. byt' v shkure drugogo, na meste drugogo.
in the black adv. ne obrashchajte vnimaniya na to, chto vyrazhenie doslovno
perevoditsya kak "v chernom"; na samom dele eto "v navare": The shop was
running in the black.-- Dela u magazina shli v goru.
in the soup adj. phr. v bede: -- It was just your mistake, but I turned
out in the soup with my boss! -- Iz-za etoj proklyatoj vashej oshibki u menya
problemy s bossom!
in the shit adj. primerno to zhe, chto i "in the soup".
in touch adj. perepisyvat'sya, derzhat' kontakt.-- Keep me in touch!--
Derzhi so mnoj svyaz'!
in tune adv. v struyu, v ton, v zhilu, t.e. horosho ladit': In the team
Mick and John felt in tune with others.-- Mik i Dzhon chuvstvovali, chto v
komande prishlis' ko dvoru.
in two shakes of lamb's tail adv. v moment, v odin mig: -- I'll be back
in two shakes of lamb's tail, guys!-- YA vernus' v odin moment, rebyata!
instant karma n. LSD, narkotik. |tot frazeologizm rodilsya v konce
shestidesyatyh, vo vremena hippi i ih uvlecheniya, blagodarya "Bitlz", indijskoj
kul'turoj i filosofiej, otkuda slovo "karma" i prishlo. V 1970 godu Dzhon
Lennon vypustil singl pod nazvaniem "Instant Karma", kotoryj perevoditsya ne
kak "Nemedlennaya rasplata", a bol'she kak "LSD". V tom zhe godu tot zhe Lennon
vypustil drugoj singl, kotoryj uzhe nazyvalsya "Cold Turkey" (chtoby uznat',
chto Dzhon imel v vidu, nado posmotret', chto oznachaet vyrazhenie "cold
turkey").
irons in the fire n. phr. eto vovse ne "utyugi v ogne", a "kovat'
zhelezo, poka goryacho" ili "ne othodya ot kassy": Mick hada number of irons in
the fire and he kept all of them hot. |to predlozhenie ne perevoditsya kak
"Mik derzhal neskol'ko utyugov v ogne i ne daval im ostyt'". (Srazu vspomnilsya
anekdot pro SHtirlica i devyat' utyugov na podokonnike -- znak provala yavochnoj
kvartiry.) Prosto Mik vzyalsya za neskol'ko del i uspeshno ih vypolnil.
Inoskazatel'no: pognalsya za tremya zajcami, dvuh pojmal, a tret'ego zagnal na
derevo.
203
it is Greek to me/it sounds Greek (to me)/it looks Greek phr., informal
"kitajskaya gramota". My samym neponyatnym yazykom v mire schitaem kitajskij (i
v chem est' smysl), a amerikancy samym neponyatnym yazykom dlya sebya schitayut
grecheskij. Vot i poluchilos', chto v te minuty, kogda my govorim "dlya menya eto
kitajskaya gramota" ili "dlya menya eto kak na kitajskom yazyke pisano",
amerikancy govoryat: It sounds Greek to me/It' s really Greek to me. Tak chto
ne podumajte, kogda uslyshite it looks Greek, chto vashemu znakomomu ili
neznakomomu amerikancu chto-to napominaet grecheskuyu kul'turu.
itching palm n. zhlobstvo, ruki zagrebushchie (a glaza zavidushchie):
-- Be careful with these fuck ing bellboys in that hotel. They seem
always to have itching palms.-- Bud' povnimatel'nee s prislugoj v etom
otele. |ti zhloby, kazhetsya, tol'ko i zhdut, kak by urvat' pobol'she chaevyh.
J
jack of all trades i. informal na vse ruki master, universal: --
Wow! How come you did such a hardjob?! -- Don't you know, Holdwin is a
jack of all trades! - Kak tebe eto, chert poderi, udalos'?! -- udivlyaetsya
komissar Le Peshen, kogda vidit, chto ego pokorezhennaya mashina posle koldovstva
v. ee motore serzhanta Holduina vnov' poehala. -- A ty razve ne znal, Holduin
u nas na vse ruki master! -- s gordost'yu otvechaet za serzhanta sekretarsha
Lyusi.
jack up v. 1. podnyat' (domkratom): -- Jack up the car! We gotta fix a
flat tire! -- Podnimi domkratom mashinu! Nado zamenit' koles. shina sdulas'!
-- vytalkivaet iz mashiny komissar Le Peshen serzhanta Holduina; 2. podnyat'
(ceny): -- Slut! They jacked up the prises again! -- CHert! Oni opyat' podnyali
ceny! -- nepriyatno udivlyaetsya odin amerikanskij turist, proezzhaya po minskim
magazinam.
jam n. "dzhem" -- eto ne tol'ko "varen'e", no i "davka", "probka": --
Traffic jam! -- Tut avariya na doroge, dvizhenie zablokirovano!-- krichit v
sotovyj telefon Majkl Holduin komissaru. -- Paper jam! -- Bumagu
zazhevalo!"-- krichit sekretarsha Lyusi, dostavaya iz printera skomkannyj list
bumagi i kak raz v tot moment, kogda serzhant krichit po telefonu svoe
"treffik dzhem".-- Jam is everywhere (krugom odin "dzhem "),-- burchit Le
Peshen.
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jam v. davit', myat'.
jawbreaker n. a vot eto slovco oznachaet vovse ne togo, o kom vy srazu
podumali. Ih "chelyust'kroshitel'" -- eto vovse ne bokser ili terminator, a: 1.
tverdyj ledenec ili bol'shoj kusok zhvachki, kotoryj, vidimo, mozhet slomat'
chelyust'; 2. trudnaya familiya ili nazvanie: -- Her name is a real
jawbreaker.-- U nee takoe slozhnoe imya: chelyust' vyvihnesh'.
jailbait l. nesovershennoletnyaya, maloletka (za svyaz' s kotoroj mozhno
zaletet' v tyur'mu).
jazz up v. poddavat' zharu: The show was pretty dull until Paul with his
band appeared and jazzed it up. -- Koncert prohodil dostatochno nudno, poka
ne poyavilsya Pasha so svoej komandoj i ne poddal vsem zharu.
Jee! vosklicanie, proizvodnoe ot Jesus (sm. Gee), schitayushcheesya
amerikanskimi roditelyami bogohul'nym. No podrostki vse ravno chasten'ko
vosklicayut: Jee\ Tak dlya nih koroche.
jig v. to zhe, chto i fuck (t.e. trahat'sya), tol'ko chut'-chut' bolee
sglazheno.
jobbing n. melkaya vremennaya podrabotka.
job hunting n. poisk raboty. Esli vmesto slova job vstavit', k primeru,
house ili wife, to poluchitsya uzhe poisk doma (ne svoego, estestvenno, a
chuzhogo, kotoryj vy sobiraetets' kupit' ili snyat'), poisk zheny (ne svoej,
kotoraya ushla ili poteryalas', a budushchej).
John (the John) muzhskoj tualet.
John Doc "Pushkin", "dyadya Vanya", t.e. kto-to neizvestnyj: -- Who might
have done this? Not you? Who then? John Doe? -- - Tak kto zhe eto mog
sdelat'? Ne. ty? Nu tak kto zhe? Pushkin? -- doprashivaet komissar Le Peshen
medvezhatnika, zaderzhannogo za vzlom sejfa.
John Hancock/Henry krestik (v smysle: podpis'), avtograf: -- Putyour
John Hancock down on this paper.-- Postav'te svoi podpisi (krestiki) na etoj
bumage.
Johnny-come lately n. novichok: -- Every one over here did not accepted
East Coast Tigers, this. Jolmnies-come-lately, would beat Le last year
division winner! -- Nikto zdes' ne ozhidal, chto "Tigry Vostochnogo Poberezh'ya",
eti novichki, pobedyat proshlogodnih prizerov nashego diviziona!-- radostno
krichit kommentator.
205
jump v. to zhe, chto "to fuck", "to bonk", tol'ko, estestvenno,
zashifrovannee i neskol'ko sglazhennee.
jump at n. otkliknut'sya, bystro otreagirovat': Being in the USA Sasha
jumped at the chance to visit his friend.-- Buduchi v SHtatah, Sasha
vospol'zovalsya shansom navestit' svoego amerikanskogo priyatelya.
jump on, jump all over v. phr. naezzhat', naskakivat' (v smysle:
rugat'sya, obvinyat'): -- Wha' ever happenedyou always jump on me! -- -CHto by
ni sluchilos', vy vsegda naskakivaete (obvinyaete) na menya! -- vozmushchenno
govorit serzhant Holduin.
jump out of the skin v. vyprygivat' (ot straha) iz sobstvennoj kozhi (a
my v takih sluchayah govorim "dusha v pyatki ushla"; Dzhejn rasskazyvaet, kak
vpervye uvidela l'va vo vremya poezdki po afrikanskoj savanne: -- 1 was
really scared. Hardly jumped out of my skin.-- YA perepugalas'. CHut' dusha
v,pyatki ne ushla!
jump the track v. phr. informal pereskakivat', pereprygivat', chto-to
bystro menyat' na hodu: John didn 't finish his math homework cause his mind
kept jumping t he track to think of the new girl in class that he fellfor.--
Dzhon nikak ne mog zakonchit' delat' domashnee zadanie po matematike, tak kak
ego mysli postoyanno pereklyuchalis' na novuyu devushku v ih klasse, v kotoruyu
Dzhon vtreskalsya po ushi.
jump the gun v. phr. fal'shstartanut': The runners were called back
because Jonhhey again jumped the gun.-- Begunov vernuli na start, tak kak
Dzhonni fal'shstartanul, rvanuv do vystrela sud'i.
jump through a hoop v. phr. ih "siganut' cherez okno" -- eto nashe "byt'
gotovym udavit'sya, povesit'sya za kompaniyu": -- You are telling me! Come of
fit! I know you jump thru a hoop for Jane! Mik pytaetsya dokazat' Dzhonu, chto
na Dzhejn emu plevat', no ego drug smeetsya. nad etimi slovami: -- I ty eshche
mne govorish'^ Horosh trepat'sya! YA-to znayu, chto ty udavish'sya iz-za Dzhejn!
junked up adj. nashiryavshijsya, obkurivshijsya. just so adj. phr. "ostorozhno!",
"vnimatel'no!", "ne uroni!", "tak-tak!", "tak projdet!": -- Just so! Just
so! -- Tak-tak, ostorozhno! -- govorit komissar Majklu Holduinu, kotoryj
tashchit po lestnice komp'yuter.
just what the doctor ordered "to, chto doktor propisal".
206
K
keel over v. informal perevorachivat'sya, rasstraivat'sya, raskleivat'sya,
vse vverh dnom: -- Tlie top of the party was when the boat keeled over and
we turned out in the water.-- No samym vysshim momentom na nashej vecherinke
bylo to, kogda lodka perevernulas' i my vse, v prazdnichnyh kostyumah i
plat'yah, okazalis' v vode,-- rasskazyvaet Miku i Dzhonu Dzhejn o tom, kak oni
na vypusknom vechere poplyli v gosti k druz'yam iz sosednego kolledzha.
keep after v. informal povtoryat', govorit' chto-to komu-to mnogo raz: --
- Please, don't make me keep after you to clean your room.-- Pozhalujsta, ne
zastavlyaj menya po sto raz napominat' tebe ubrat' svoyu komnatu.
keep an eye on/keep an eye on ball v.phr. byt' vnimatel'nym, sledit',
byt' v kurse: -- Well, you just startednow on play ing football but if you
keep your eye on the ball you will be promoted.-- Ty tol'ko nachal igrat' v
futbol,-- hlopaet Mika po plechu trener, kogda vidit, chto paren' raskis posle
togo, kak ne uderzhal napadayushchego i komanda propustila tachdaun.-- No ty
stanesh' otlichnym futbolistom, esli budesh' vsegda derzhat' ushki na makushke.
keep on v. prodolzhat': Go! Keep on running! -- Davaj begi! Ne
ostanavlivajsya!
keep one's mouth shut v. phr. hranit' molchanie, byt' nemym kak ryba.
keep one's shirt on v. phr. ostyvat', uspokaivat'sya: Na futbol'nom pole
mezhdu zashchitnikom "tigrov" Mikom i napadayushchim "yastrebov " Aleksom zavyazalas'
potasovka. Dzhon ottaskivaet razgoryachennogo druga i govorit: "Well, Mick,
relax. Keep your shirt on". |to ne oznachaet, chto Miku nuzhno nadet' rubashku.
Prosto Dzhon sovetuet drugu uspokoit'sya.
keep the ball rolling v. phr. "ne davat' ognyu potuhnut'", t.e. ne
ostanavlivat'sya, byt' v dejstvii: Vecherinka byla by dostatochno nudnoj, esli
by ne Mik s Dzhonom. They kept ball running at the party by dancing with
lampshades on their heads.-Oni ne davali "ognyu potuhnut'", vseh zavodili,
otplyasyvali s abazhurami na golovah.
keep up v. 1. to zhe, chto i keep on; 2. derzhat'sya na plavu, byt' na
Urovne: The shortage of oranges kept the prices up.-- Iz-za deficita
apel'sinov ceny t nih derzhalis' dovol'no vysokie.
207
kick around v. obizhat': In a loosing slack John liked sometimes to kick
around every one.-- V plohom nastroenii Dzhon inogda lyubil vseh obizhat'.
kick back v. davat' vzyatku, davat' na lapu: -- OK, man, I'll do that if
you kick back a ten hundreds.-- Horosho, ya sdelayu eto, esli vy dadite mne na
lapu 500 baksov.
kickback p. vzyatka: -- We won't do a thing until give a kickback.-- U
nas nichego ne vyjdet, poka ne dadim koe-komu na lapu...
kick down v. phi: sbavlyat' skorost' (mashiny): Gas has gone and Le
Pechen had to kick the car down to the first gear.-- Benzin ves' vyshel, i Le
Peshen pereklyuchil skorost' mashiny s tret'ej no pervuyu.
kick it v.phr. otbrasyvat' (nehoroshuyu privychku pit', kurit', prinimat'
narkotiki): -- You still smoke? You should better kick it.-- Ty vse eshche
kurish'? Luchshe by tebe eto brosit'.
kick off v. 1. udar (pervyj) po myachu, vvodit' myach v igru: John kicked
off and the football started.-- Dzhon vybil myach (nanes pervyj udar), i match
nachalsya; 2. nachalo. Vtoroe znachenie etogo slova -- prosto nachat' chto-to: Jim
Morrison kicked off his concert with a speech.-- Dzhim Morrison nachal svoj
koncert s rechi.
kick oneself v. sozhalet', stydit'sya: Johnkicked himself for not having
left home earlier,-- he missed the bus.-- Dzhon rugal sebya za to, chto ne
vyshel iz doma ran'she: on taki opozdal na avtobus.
kick out v. vystavlyat' (na fig), uhodit', udirat', uezzhat': -- Kids
were so noisy during the show that I had to kick them out.-- Deti v zale mak
shumeli vo vremya vystupleniya, chto ya vystavil ih von.
kick over v. 1. zavodit' (motor), nachinat' rabotu (o mehanizme):
Holdwin tried to start the car but the motor didn 't kick over.-- Holduin
pytalsya zavesti mashinu, no motor ne rabotal; 2. platit': Black Jack made
every one kick over 10 dollars a week.-- CHernyj Dzhek zastavil vseh platit'
emu po 10 baksov v nedelyu; 3. "otkinut'sya'': "Yeah, Billy, Ihad a goodhorse
but last Friday it kickedover.-- Da, Billi, u menya byla horoshaya kobyla, no v
proshluyu pyatnicu ona otkinula kopyta...
kick the bucket v. phr. otkinut'sya, dat' duba, okochurit'sya: Old Mr
Jackson kicked the bucket last week.-- Staryj mister Dzhekson dal duba na
proshloj nedele.
208
kick up one's heels v. phr. kutit', otryvat'sya, shumno otmechat': After
the match all the class went down to town to kick up their heels.-- Posle
pobednogo matcha ves' klass rvanul v gorod, chtoby otmetit' eto sobytie.
kill off v. perebit' (v smysle: ubit' vseh): -- We killed them off.--
My ih vseh perebili,-- dokladyvaet po racii serzhant Timoti svoemu kapitanu.
kid v. podkalyvat' (shutit'): -- Are you kidding? -- No! No kiddings! --
Ty shutish'?-- Net zhe! Bez shutok!
kiss ass v (tak zhe, kak i to suck ass, to lick somebody's boots)
podlizyvat'sya, "podmazyvat'sya".
knock it off v. phr. "prekrati!", "horosh nesti chush'!", "zamolchi":
Komissar Le Peshen rassprashivaet perepugannuyu zhenshchinu, pribezhavshuyu v policiyu:
-- Itak, vy govorite, chto byli doma odna, v temnote, kak vdrug
pochuvstvovali, chto iz temnoty k vam tyanetsya ch'ya-to ruka. I, vidya, kak shutnik
serzhant, stoyashchiju zhenshchiny za spinoj, protyagivaet k nej ruku, strogo brosaet
serzhantu: -- Holdwin! Knock it off! -- Holduin! Prekrati!
knocked out adj. nashiryavshijsya (narkotikami), nabravshijsya (vodki, vina,
roma, viski, brendi, piva/tol'ko nado ochen' mnogo vypit' -- takoe u nih
pivo/): -- I can't get this guy. He must be knocked out. Get him out!
Komissar vyzyvaet serzhanta i kivaet na tol'ko chto arestovannogo tipa,
sidyashchego s otreshennym vidom za stolom Le Peshena: -- YA voobshche ne mogu nichego
ponyat'. Dolzhno byt', paren' pod gazom. Uvedi ego.
knock off v. grabit', ubivat': -- What did he actually do? -- He
knocked off the Katz Company.-- A chto on sdelal?-- sprashivaet serzhant, uvodya
nashiryavshegosya,-- On ograbil "Kai Kompani",-- otvechaet komissar.
knut n. durak.
L
lap up v. lakat': The cat was. lapping up the milk.-- Kot lakal moloko.
lay an egg v. phr. ih "otlozhit' yajco" -- eto nashe "vystrelit' v
vozduh", koroche, sdelat' chto-to nesuraznoe, ne k mestu, to, chto ne proizvelo
vpechatleniya: John tried to sound wit and broke a joke but his joke laid an
egg.-- Dzhon hotel kazat'sya ostroumnym i otkolol shutku, kotoraya ne proizvela
nikakogo effekta.
209
lay in v. skladirovat', zapasat', priderzhivat': Mrs Hadson heard
something about the price for sugar should go up and she laid in hundred
pounds.-- Missis Hadson slyshala pro to, chto cena na sahar dolzhna vrode kak
podskochit', i prikupila sotnyu funtov (fantasticheskij syuzhet dlya Ameriki).
lay into v. informal 1. atakovat', napast': The two kick box fighters
laid into each other as soon as bell rang.-- Kak tol'ko prozvuchal gong, dva
kikboksera soshlis'; 2. naezzhat' (v smysle: rugat' ili napadat' fizicheski):
The senator laid into the President.-- Senator naehal (v debatah,
estestvenno) na samogo prezidenta. No takoe, esli chestno, redko sluchaetsya.
lay off v. 1. otgorazhivat', priderzhivat', opredelyat': John laid off the
boundaries.-- Dzhon opredelil granicy polya; 2. uvol'nyat', osvobozhdat' ot
raboty: -- Then my company finished the contract for producing the fabric
and laid off us, the office staff.-- Zatem nash kontrakt po proizvodstvu
tkani zakonchilsya, i my, shtat ofisa, ostalis' bez raboty; 3. ostavlyat' v
pokoe: -- Lay off me, you, bothering bee.-- Ostav' menya v pokoe, ty.,
nazojlivaya muha! -- vozmushchenno govorit Mik besprestanno chto-to sprashivayushchemu
ego Dzhonu.
lay out v. 1. gotovit' telo k pogrebeniyu: The corpse was laid out by
the undertaker.-- Pokojnika priveli v nadlezhashchij dlya pohoron vid; 2.
vyrubit', ulozhit' napoval: -- Then our Nicky laid this fucking guy out in
the second round.-- A zatem nash Nikki nokautiroval i ulozhil etogo zasranca
vo vtorom raunde! 3. planirovat':
-- Listen me up Johnney. I got a job laid out for you.-- Slushaj syuda,
Dzhonni. U menya est' rabotenka, pryamo special'no dlya tebya; 4. opredelyat',
utochnyat' predely, granicy: -- Hey, Michael, our boss laid out the job for
us.-- Privet, Majkl,-- vstrechaet serzhanta Holduina Le Peshen,-- tut nash
nachal'nik opredelil novyj front raboty dlya nas; 5. vykladyvat',
raskoshelivat'sya, tratit', prozhigat' (den'gi): -- Can you say me how much did
you lay out for this new lemon'1 -- Ty mozhesh' mne skazat', skol'ko vylozhil
za etu kolymagu?-- sprashivaet Mik Dzhona, razglyadyvaya ego novuyu "tachku",
kotoruyu tot kupil v salone poderzhannyh mashin v den' polucheniya roditel'skih
prav.
leg man n. 1. mal'chik na pobegushkah, kur'er. Kak-to sizhu ya s
amerikancami v ih ofise, gde ya nekotoroe vremya podrabatyval kem-to vrode
bodigarda i nyan'ki, i tut odin parenek Dzhon govorit: vot, mol, skol'ko u
nego leg work, emu by ne pomeshal leg man. Pri etom zhenshchina, ego supervajzer,
usmehnulas', skazav, chto vsegda schitala ego, Dzhona, etim samym legmenom. To,
chto pervoe znachenie legmena, kak i leg work,-- "begotnya, prinesi-unesi", ya
vrubilsya srazu. No togo strannogo nameka na Dzhona ne ponyal. Togda sam Dzhon
poyasnil mne, chto: 2. leg man -- chelovek, kotoryj smotrit ne na to, naskol'ko
devushka interesna i umna,-- emu na eto vse plevat'. Glavnoe, chtoby u nee
byli krasivye nogi, figura... Takih vot parnej, kotorye obrashchayut vnimanie
tol'ko na vneshnost', nazyvayut legmanami. No Dzhon byl vse zhe ne takoj.
210
leg work i. rabota tipa "prinesi-unesi-shodi-voz'mi-otnesi..." sm. leg
man.
lemon phr. razvalyuha, haltura, kolymaga, t.e. polomka v mehanizme ili
kakoj-nibud' apparat, pribor, byvshij v upotreblenii i prishedshij pochti v
polnuyu negodnost': "My watch is a lemon.-- Moi chasy -- haltura".
let bygones be bygones v. phr. chto bylo, to bylo, ne vspominaj
proshlogodnij sneg: -- OK, let's stop this stupid quarrel. Let bygones be
bygones, well? -- Nu horosho, davaj prekratim etot glupyj spor. CHto bylo, to
bylo. Kto staroe pomyanet, tomu glaz von,-- govorit kovboj Bill drugu Dzhonu,
kogda oni vnov' zasporili o pozaproshlogodnem propavshem drobovike Dzhona,
kotoryj kuda-to zatashchili deti Billa.
let down v. oblamyvat' (v smysle: "podvodit'"):-- I hate people who
always promise and always let you down.-- Nenavizhu lyudej, kotorye vsegda
obeshchayut i vechno podvodyat".
let... have it/got it v. 1. zaehat' (udarit'); 2. popast' (iz
revol'vera, kol'ta, brauninga ili dr. oruzhiya) : Michael Holdwin pulled his
revolver and let the robber got it in the leg.-- Majkl Holduin vyhvatil
revol'ver i prostrelil banditu nogu.
let it hang out v. phr. vykladyvat' vse kak na duhu, priznavat'sya. Ne
could not lie any more and let it all hang out.-- On bol'she ne mog vrat' i
vylozhil vse kak est'.
let it lay v. phr. zabyvat', vykidyvat' iz golovy: -- What? Who did say
you that? Robert? So you may let it lay, Robert is forgetting what he
says.-- Kto eto tebe skazal? Robert? Mozhesh' smelo vykinut' eto iz golovy, on
vechno vse zabyvaet.
let it rip v. phr. I. ne obrashchat' vnimaniya, naplevat': -- I say, forget
about it and let it rip! -- A ya tebe govoryu, zabud' eto i vykin' iz
golovy!"; 2. dobivat'sya pobedy: Come on, boys! Give it all we've got and let
it rip!-- Davaj, rebyata, pokazhem, na chto my sposobny, i vyigraem,--
podbadrival "tigrov " trener pered igroj s komandoj "CHikagskie Bizony ".
211
let off v. 1. razryadit' (zaryad): Bill accidentally let off In's rifle
made a big hole in the front wall.-- Nechayanno Bill razryadil svoe ruzh'e v
stenu naprotiv, sdelav pri etom v nej bol'shuyu dyru: 2. davat' ujti: -- OK,
let 'em off! -- Nu horosho, pust' idut,-- kivnul komissar v storonu
mal'chishek, zaderzhannyh serzhantom za melkoe huliganstvo.-- Tol'ko zapishi ih
adresa.
let on v. vydavat' sekret, rasskazyvat': John failed exam but didn't
let on to Mick.-- Dzhon ne sdal ekzamena, no ne priznalsya v etom Miku.
let one's hair down v. phr. "otpuskat' volosy" -- eto chto-to tipa
nashego "puskat' vse na samotek", ne sledit' za soboj, ne sderzhivat'sya, ne
kontrolirovat', zapuskat', "pust' vse idet kak idet": Dva dlinnovolosyh
hippi rassuzhdayut: -- If gotta be too hard to be the President.-- Dolzhno
byt', ochen' trudno vse zhe byt' prezidentom..-- Why? -- Da? -- Ne don't let
his hair down.-- On nikogda ne dolzhen "zapuskat' svoi volosy... ". I oba
tyazhelo vzdyhayut, sochuvstvuya nelegkoj sud'be Klintona.
let out v. 1. davat' ujti, otpuskat': This guy got to the jail but now
they let him out.-- |tot paren' sidel v tyur'me, no teper' ego vypustili; 2.
rasskazyvat': -- Only don't let this secret out.-- Tol'ko ne rasskazyvaj
nikomu etu tajnu; 3. otpuskat' (verevku; sdelat' dlinnee plat'e): -- 1can't
catch the rob end! Let it out! -- YA ne dotyagivayus' do kanata! Otpusti ego!;
4. osvobodit' ot dolzhnosti, uvolit': -- I know this guy, we were working
together until I let him out.-- •YA znal etogo parnya. My neploho rabotali,
poka ya ego ne uvolil; 5. otpustit' tormoza, t.e. poehat' bystree: The
commissar let his car out.-- Komissar poddal gazu.
let up v. phr. oslablyat', umen'shat': -- Look! Hurricane's not letting
up at all! -- Glyadi! Uragan i ne dumaet utihat'!
like father, like son "yabloko ot yabloni nedaleko katitsya".
live it up v. kutit', otryvat'sya: -- Mick, our vocations' gonna out. We
have only two days, let's live it up.-- Mik, do konca kanikul ostalos' vsego
dva dnya. Davaj zhe otorvemsya kak sleduet!
little folk (little people) eto te, kto zhivut v skazkah i legendah (a
mozhet, i dejstvitel'no takovye zhili na Zemle): tipa gnomy, el'fy i fei.
living end adj. obaldenno, "prosto fantastika!": -- Yeah, the show was
the living end! -- Da! SHou bylo prosto obaldenn'sh!
lock up v. phr. byt' uverennym v uspehe: -- / locked it up, Le Pechen
said.-- YA byl uveren v uspehe,-- skazal Le Peshen.
long hair n. intellektual, chelovek tvorcheskij, dazhe esli ego volosy
vovse i ne long.
212
long face n. blednyj vid: -- Don't pull a long face when I ask you to
do this job! -- He delaj takoe neschastnoe lico, kogda ya proshu tebya vypolnit'
etu rabotu! Komissar vozmushchen tem, chto serzhantu Holduinu ne po dushe slozhnoe
zadanie.
look up v. 1. obeshchat' byt' luchshe, razvivat'sya: The year was hard but
business looked up after that.-- God byl slozhnyj, no rabota prodvinulas'; 2.
iskat', nahodit', issledovat', izuchat': -- / still look up new species.-- YA
vse eshche pytayus' najti (izuchayu, issleduyu) novye vidy,-- govorit entomolog
svoemu kollege i pokazyvaet emu kollekciyu babochek.
lost time n. rabochee vremya. Vot vidite, kak neuvazhitel'no amerikancy
otzyvayutsya o svoem rabochem vremeni, kak o poteryannom. Vozmozhno, potomu, chto
na praktike oni propoveduyut, podrazhaya yaponcam, ura-patrioticheskoe otnoshenie
k rabote, k nachal'stvu i vsyacheski, kak, sobstvenno, i my, progibayutsya i iz
kozhi von lezut, chtoby pokazat', chto oni nuzhnee vseh.
lowdown n. pravda-matka: Don't wait they give you the lowdown on
Watergate.-- He zhdi, chto tebe skazhut vsyu pravdu ob "Uotergejte ".
luck out v. phr. 1. kogda vezet ; 2. byt' neobychajno udachlivym:
-- I really lucked out at Las Vegas. I came back with 5 000$.-- Mne
dejstvitel'no podfartilo v Las-Vegase: ya vernulsya domoj s pyat'yu tysyachami
dollarov v karmane: 3. poterpet' strashnuyu neudachu, byt' ubitym: -- 1 guess
those fucking guys from Marine Co lucked out in Saigon.-- Dumayu, te rebyatki
iz morskoj pehoty othvatili svinca v Sajgone,-- i Timoti s mrachnym vidom
zakinul avtomat za spinu.
lush out v. 1. vzmahivat', otpugivat', shugat', progonyat': The old man
lushed out at the birds with his umbrella.-- Starik vzmahnul zontikom,
raspugav nadoedlivyh ptic; 2. to zhe samoe, chto i pervoe, no uzhe tol'ko na
slovah, t.e. govorit' chto-to agressivnoe, "naezzhat'": The leader of the
Republicans all the time lushed out at the President's administration.--
Lider respublikancev vo vremya debatov naezzhal na administraciyu prezidenta.
m
ma-and-pa ili mom-and-pop ad/, malyj biznes, kotoryj vedet sem'ya.
213
magic carpet n. kover-samolet.
make a beeline for v. rvanut' po pryamoj, napryamik: John made a beeline
for first base until the other team player doesn' t catch the ball.-- Dzhon
pryamikom rvanul k pervoj baze, poka igrok drugoj komandy ne uspel pojmat'
masterski otbityj Mikom myach.
make a day of it v. phr. posvyashchat' chemu-to ves' den': We were afraid of
literature exam coming on Monday and all the Sunday made a day of it.-- My
zhutko boyalis' ekzamena po literature v ponedel'nik i vse voskresen'e
posvyatili podgotovke.
make a pass at v. phr. progressirovat' v otnosheniyah s protivopolozhnym
polom: -- I know him for 7 weeks already but he never made a pass at me.-- YA
znayu ego uzhe pochti dva mesyaca, no on eshche poka ni razu ne pytalsya sojtis' so
mnoj poblizhe (perespat').
make a play for v. phr. zaigryvat', flirtovat', uhazhivat', uhlestyvat',
uvivat'sya, begat', zakleit' (ne bumagu, a devushku, kak vy uzhe dogadalis'),
"klin'ya podbivat'": -- John always makes a play for new girls in the
group.-- Dzhon vechno uvivaetsya za novymi devchonkami v gruppe.
make eyes at v. phr. strelyat' glazami, stroit' glazki: -- Maggy? I hate
her way of making eyes at M ick instead of finding one of her own. Dzhejn
obsuzhdaet s podrugami novuyu devushku kolledzha Meggi: -- YA terpet' ne mogu ee
maneru, -- govorit Dzhejn, -- vmesto togo, chtoby zavesti sebe sobstvennogo
parnya, stroit' glazki moemu Miku.
make off v. ubegat', uhodit': As soon as John saw Bob with his mother
fucker friends he made off at once.-- Kak tol'ko Dzhon uvidel Boba s ego
koreshami, on tut zhe smylsya.
make the scene v. phr. prisutstvovat', nahodit'sya v dannom meste,
svetit'sya (ne vnutrennim svetom, a svoim fejsom): -- I don't wanna make the
scene! I'm gonna make off.-- YA ne sobirayus' bol'she tut torchat'! YA uhozhu.
make the grade v. preuspet', proslavit'sya, podnyat'sya: "I read the news
today oh boy! About a lucky man who made the grade...-- Nichego sebe! YA
segodnya prochital v gazete ob odnom schastlivchike. kotoromu neskazanno
povezlo..." -- poet Dzhon Lennon v izvestnoj pesne "Bitlz " "A Day In The
Life". Dalee Dzhon s prisushchim emu chernym yumorom rasskazyvaet, kak
"proslavilsya" etot "schastlivchik" -- razbilsya na mashine i tem samym ugodil v
vechernie novosti".
makeup v. 1. sobirat', skladyvat', sostavlyat': Na kursah vozhdeniya
policejskoj akademii inspektor, ob®yasnyaya ustrojstvo mashiny, nachinaet s
glubokomyslennoj frazy: "The car is made up of many different parts: wheels,
seats, tires and doors.-- Mashina sostoit iz mnogih chastej: kolesa, siden'ya,
shiny i dveri..." Korolevskie ohranniki pribegayut k korolyu i vzvolnovanno
dokladyvayut: -- Tam etot yajcegolovyj paren'... Hampti-Dampti (SHaltaj-Boltaj)
vo sne upal so steny, i vse nashi rebyata have no idea how to make him up (ne
predstavlyayut, kak ego sobrat' ";
2. kompensirovat' (rastrachennye sily), vosstanavlivat' (poteryannye
kalorii): -- I know he's getting tired too, but the guy knows how to make
up.-- Da, on ustaet na rabote, no paren' umeet kompensirovat' potrachennye
sily; 3. sochinyat': -- Let's make up a song for Jane's birthday.-- Davaj
sochinim pesnyu ko dnyu rozhdeniya Dzhejn; 4. krasit' guby: -- Wait me, guys! I
just make up! -- Rebyata, podozhdite nemnogo! YA tol'ko guby nakrashu!-- krichit
Dzhejn Miku i Dzhonu; 5. mirit'sya: -- Come on, guys, make up.-- Nu zhe, rebyata,
pomirites',-- umolyaet Dzhejn rassorivshihsya v dym Mika i Dzhona, i te, sovsem
zaputavshis' v mnogoznachnosti anglijskogo yazyka, nachinayut krasit' guby
(shutka).
214
make waves v. phr. informal ih "delat' volny" -- eto nashe "mutit'
vodu", starat'sya razdut' nechto do razmerov sensacii: -- I don't think Robert
is a goodjournalist for our paper. He is always trying to make waves.-- He
dumayu, chto Robert -- tot zhurnalist, chto podhodit dlya nashej gazety,-- govorit
pomoshchnik glavnogo redaktora svoemu bossu,-- paren' vse vremya staraetsya
raskachivat' lodku.
man n. bratan, paren', priyatel': Razgovarivayut dva staryh hipparya:--
Hi, man. How are yah, man!-- Cool, man. Andyou man?-- Great man. Tut, dumayu,
i perevod ne nuzhen.
makeup n. kosmetika: -- What makeup do you use to make your fun colors?
-- CHto za kosmetiku ty ispol'zuesh' v kachestve fan-cvetov? -- sprashivaet
Dzhejn ee podruga. "Fun colors" -- eto samye yarkie, oni zhe temnye, cveta dlya
"boevoj raskraski lica". K primeru, u vas, milaya devushka, slishkom shiroko
postavleny glaza. Togda vy nanosite eti samye "fan-cveta" blizhe k
perenosice, chtoby iskusstvenno sblizit' glaza; nu, a esli glaza "sbegayutsya",
to, sootvetstvenno, "fan-kalorz" nanosyatsya na vneshnie kraya vek, blizhe k
viskam; sm. kartinku.
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makeup adj. pozdnij, otsrochennyj: makeup exam -- otlozhennye ekzameny
(dlya ne yavivshihsya po uvazhitel'nym prichinam studentov).
magic carpet n. kover-samolet.
man n. (obrashchenie) bratan, paren', priyatel'.
mark time v. phr. marshirovat' na meste, inogda toptat'sya na meste
(nichego ne predprinimat'): Sergeant Timothy ordered his platoon soldiers to
mark time as a punishment.-- Serzhant Timoti prikazal svoim soldatam v vide
nakazaniya marshirovat' na meste.
Mexican breakfast n. golodnyj paek. Dlya amerikancev "meksikanskij
zavtrak" -- eto sigareta i stakan vody. Meksikancy dlya nekotoryh amerikancev
yavlyayutsya simvolom bednosti, a inogda i gluposti.
mike n. I. mikrofon; 2. irlandec.
miss out v. provalivat', upuskat': You missed u our chance out.-- Ty
upustil svoj shans.
mix up v. putat': They look like each other, even their mother mixes
them up.-- Oni tak pohozhi, chto ih putaet dazhe'rodnaya mat'.
mix up n. (udarenie na mix) konfuz, rasteryannost': -- There's a mix up
in your list.-- V tvoem spiske oshibka,-- govorit komissar serzhantu, kogda
prosmatrivaet spisok produktov, neobhodimyh dlya piknika, i ne nahodit tam
lyubimyh ital'yanskih napitkov.
mob n. banda, mafiya.
monkey business n. gryaznoe delo: -- Too many monkey business going on
in this affair! You better watch out whom you deal with! -- V etom dele
chto-to slishkom mnogo gryazi! Smotri vnimatel'no, s kem ty svyazyvaesh'sya! --
govorit Billi svoemu priyatelyu, kogda oni chistyat konyushni ot navoza.
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money to burn i. phr. "deneg -- kury ne klyuyut": His grandfather left
him money to burn.-- Ego ded posle smerti ostavil emu kuchu deneg.
mother fucker (on zhe: cocksucker, shitass, ass-hole, fucker, bastard,
dip-shit, son-of-bitch, creep, jerk, crud) n. gruboe ublyudok, svoloch',
mraz', padla, gad, gadyuka, gadina, gadenysh; koroche, nehoroshij chelovek
muzhskogo pola. Inogda i horoshij chelovek, no opyat'-taki muzhskogo pola.
moonlighting i. eto ne lunnyj svet, a podrabotka, halturka. Vidimo,
ran'she, v staroj dobroj Anglii, kak i Amerike, podrabotkoj zanimalis' lish'
pri lunnom svete.
morning after n. pohmel'e: -- Yes, Johnny, I see you actually got a
pretty cool morning after.-- Da, Dzhonni, vizhu, u tebya segodnya priyatnoe
pohmel'e,-- usmehaetsya Dzhejn, zajdya utrom k Dzhonu, a tot lezhit so l'dom na
golove i bankoj piva v ruke.
move v. "shevelis'!", "dvigaj!", "razojdis'!"
move in on v. phr. otbirat', zabirat', zamenyat': Frozen foods moved in
on the market for fresh ones.-- Morozhenye produkty zamenili svezhimi.
movie n. kino, kinoshka, fil'm.
move your ass v. dvigat' svoej zadnicej (v smysle: shevelit'sya bystree):
-- C'mon! Move your ass! -- Davaj! SHevelis'! -- pokrikivaet Timoti Timpson
na svoih bojcov.
my God ili tu goodness (vosklicanie) Bozhe! Bozhe moj!: -- "My God! What
they did with my car! Posle perestrelki Le Peshen i serzhant podnimayutsya iz-za
svoej mashiny, za kotoroj oni pryatalis', i osmatrivayut ee, vsyu, kak sito.
izreshechennuyu pulyami.-- "Gospodi! CHto oni sdelali s moej kolymagoj! -- krichit
v gneve komissar.
mucho n. sm. nizhnyuyu strochku.
muchoman (machoman) n. ot ispanskogo "mucho"-- sil'nyj, krutoj,
supermen.
217
N
name is mud informal "v zadnice", delo dryan': -- If the boss got it my
name will be mud.-- Esli boss uvidit, delo budet dryan',-- govorit komissar
Holduinu i pokazyvaet na chernil'noe pyatno na kovre, kotoroe on tol'ko chto
posadil. A proishodit eto v kabinete nachal'nika.
nay to zhe, chto i "po" (net).
neat adj. klassnyj, chetkij, horoshij, klevyj. V etom pozitivnom kachestve
"neat" poluchil rasprostranenie v shestidesyatyh godah: -- You are neat girl.--
Ty otlichnaya devushka,-- govorit Kajl Maklaflin svoej podruge v fil'me Devida
Lincha "Sinij barhat".
neck and neck adv., adj. nozdrya v nozdryu, bok o bok: The two horses
were neck and neck.-- Loshadi prishli k finishu nozdrya v nozdryu.
nervous Nellie p. Est' takoe krasivoe imya -- Nelli, no vot amerikancy
schitayut, chto eta samaya devushka ochen' nervnaya. "Nervnoj Nelli" nazyvayut teh,
kto slishkom volnuetsya pered nekim vazhnym ili ne ochen' vazhnym sobytiem: -- We
will never win if you don't stop being nervous Nellies! -- My ne vyigraem,
esli vy ne prekratite nervnichat'! -- ukoryaet "tigrov" ih trener v razdevalke
pered matchem s "yastrebami".
new deal p. novyj shans, svezhaya struya: -- We need a new deal to break
these old fucking habits! -- Nam nuzhna svezhaya struya, chtoby pokonchit' so
starymi durnymi privychkami!
new broom sweeps clean "novaya metla metet po-novomu".
new person p. drugoj chelovek, v smysle: namnogo luchshe, chem byl ran'she:
The University and sports made a new person of him.-- Ucheba v universitete i
zanyatiya sportom sdelali iz nego drugogo cheloveka.
nigger p. (oskorbitel'noe) nigger, t.e. negr.
nite amer. variant ot "night".
no end adv. ochen' sil'no, krajne: Alt the Tigers were no end upset.--
Vse "tigry" byli krajne ogorcheny. (Vidimo, proigrali.)
po sweat adj. raz plyunut', bez truda, legkij, ne zatrudnitel'nyj: --
Come on, Bill, let's do that no sweat job.-- Davaj, Bill, sdelaem etu
rabotenku. Ved' eto raz plyunut'.
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nobody home "u vas vse doma?": Na lekcii Dzhon i Mik shepchutsya i ne
obrashchayut vnimaniya, chto Dzhejn s podrugoj pytayutsya do nih "dostuchat'sya". --
odno,-- mashet Dzhejn podruge rukoj.-- Nobody home. CHto znachit: "Da poshli oni
k chertu".
none n. nothing, nichego, nol'.
pore (ot kanadskogo) net, ne-a.
nose in infqrmal sovat' nos v chuzhie dela.-- Fuck off, man! It ain't
your business! And you always have your nose in not your problems! -- Vali
otsyuda! |to ne tvoe delo! Horosh sovat' svoj nos kuda ne prosyat!
not a leg to stand on n. phr. informal nevernyj hod, plohoj argument,
nedostatochnoe dokazatel'stvo: V kitajskom kvartale N'yu-Jorka, v bare,
vstretilis' banda chernokozhih "ekstremal'nyh" repperov i mestnaya kitajskaya
narkomafiya. Druzheskaya beseda pererosla v ssoru. Kto-to iz repperov vystrelil
v kitajca, kitajcy stali strelyat' v repperov, i poneslos'... Na mesto
sobytiya pribyla policiya. Komissar Le Peshen hodit mezhdu obrisovannyh melom
trupov banditov. Serzhant Holduin dokladyvaet obstanovku: A big blow-up in
the China Town bar. All black and Chinese mob participators are shot, but
Chinese scored I against zero. The only survived is und er arrest. His name
Lee Wang. He got a gun, two knives and one bullet in the ass. And he proves
that he was just sitting peacefully drinking soda when all that began.--
Bol'shaya razborka v kitajskom kvartale. Vse uchastniki perestrelyali drug
druga, no kitajcy poveli v schete 1:0. Odin iz nih, ego zovut Li Vang, ranen,
vyzhil i sejchas arestovan. Pri nem najden pistolet, dva nozha i pulya v
zadnice. Pri vsem paren' pytaetsya dokazat', chto mirno potyagival sodovuyu,
kogda vse eto nachalos', i ne imeet k perestrelke nikakogo otnosheniya. - Na!
This guy got not a leg to stand on.-- Xa! U etogo parnya, pohozhe, plohoj
argument v opravdanie,-- usmehaetsya v otvet Le Peshen.
not to give somebody the time of day v. phr. ignorirovat', prichem
principial'no, demonstrativno ne zamechat'; I can't invite Sally and Helen
all together to the party! You know Sally don't give Helen the time of day!
-- YA ne mogu priglasit' Salli i Helen na vecherinku. Ty ved' znaesh', chto
Salli ne perevarivaet i v upor ne zamechaet Helen!".
number one n. "Super Trooper...-- pela gruppa "AVVA" v odnoimennoj
pesne.-- Shining like the sun..:-- siyayushchij, kak yasno solnyshko. Thinking he's
a Number One...-- schitayushchij sebya samym krutym". Da, "Super Trooper"
(supervsadnik) takim sebya i voobrazhaet. Nu, a vy, dumayu, dogadalis', chto
"Number One" -- eto, po-nashemu, samyj luchshij, edinstvennyj i nepovtorimyj,
krutoj.
219
numero uno n. sm. verhnyuyu strochku. Prosto amerikancy obozhayut ispanskie
slovechki tipa "bambino", "arrivederchi", "muchacha" i t.d., t.k. ispanskij --
eto vtoroj yazyk v Amerike posle anglijskogo.
nunnie n. sm. ass.
nut (knut) n. durak.
nut house n. durdom, "Santa-Barbara", "Los Anios Perdidos". Poslednee
perevoditsya kak "Poteryannye gody" i tak zhe, kak i "Santa-Barbara", yavlyaetsya,
kak vy uzhe, navernoe, dogadalis', teleserialom, tol'ko meksikanskogo
proizvodstva. Kak poshutil odin moj priyatel', govorya pro serial "Los Anios
Perdidos",-- "eto los anios perdidos pered ekranom".
O
odd ball n. informal ekscentrichnaya lichnost', "belaya vorona",
"sumasshedshij zayac", nenormal'nyj: Please don't deal with him. He is an odd
ball.-- Luchshe ne svyazyvajsya ty s nim. On s golovoj ne druzhit.
off age adj. phr. v vozraste, t. e. dostatochno vzroslyj, podhodyashchij po
vozrastu: The age at which one is considered of age to vote, of age to
prosecuted as an adult or of age to buy alcoholic drinks varies within the
USA.-- Vozrast, dlya golosovaniya, sudebnoj otvetstvennosti ili dlya pokupki
spirtnyh napitkov ne odinakov v raznyh shtatah SSHA.
off base adj. phr. informal nesoglasnyj, nepravil'nyj: -- The thought
that the stormbringer brings the storm is really off base.-- Sluhi, chto
burevestnik yakoby prinosit buryu, ne imeyut pod soboj nikakih osnovanij,--
rasskazyvaet ornitolog uchenikam o povadkah i zhizni morskih ptic.
offbeat adj. informal neobychnyj, nepohozhij, sovsem inoj, drugoj: --
Linguistics used to be an offbeat field of study, but nowadays every
self-respecting university has a linguislics department.-- Lingvistika byla
vsegda osobennoj sferoj znanij, no teper' kazhdyj uvazhayushchij sebya universitet
imeet lingvisticheskij fakul'tet,-- govorit na obshchem sobranii pervokursnikov
dekan fakul'teta.
220
off duty ad/, svobodnyj, nezanyatyj: -- Let's go sight-seeing when we're
off duly.-- A davaj shodim posmotret' gorod, kogda budem svobodny,-- govorit
serzhant Timoti Timpson svoemu drugu po rote.
off guard adj. vrasploh, ne ozhidat': -- His question caught me off
guard and I told him the secret.-- Ego vopros prosto ogoroshil menya, i ya
rasskazala emu etot sekret,-- opravdyvaetsya Dzhejn pered podrugami posle
togo, kak proboltalas' o podarke Miku na den' rozhdeniya.
off the beam adv., adj. oshibochnyj, nepravil'nyj: You were off the beam
saving that they wouldn't appreciate your show.-- Ty byl ne prav, kogda
govoril, chto tvoe shou ne ponravitsya.
off the record adv. ne dlya pechati: -- I think you understand that all
my remarks are strictly off the record.-- Dumayu, chto prekrasno ponimaete,
chto vse moi zamechaniya ne dlya pechati,-- preduprezhdaet zhurnalistov press-agent
Prezidenta. Naivnyj!
off the wagon adj. phr. vnov' zapit', sorvat'sya, .razvyazat': When a
heavy drinker did a Cold Turkey it means one little drink is enough to drive
hit off the wagon.-- Kogda p'yanica zavyazyvaet, to emu dostatochno hot' raz
chut' vypit', chtoby nachat' vse snova.
Oh boy! "nichego sebe!", "ogo!"
OK, o'kay o'kej, horosho, pozhalujsta, dobro: -- Thank you, I'm OK.--
Spasibo, so mnoj vse v poryadke. -Thank you.-- OK. -- Spasibo.-- Pozhalujsta.
old hat adj. staryj suhar', staromodnyj, ne v strue: -- Robby? I know
this guy. He is an old hat.-- Robi? YA znayu etogo parnya. On otstal ot zhizni.
once over n. bystryj (no daleko ne bezrazlichnyj) vzglyad:
Matthew came in the class and felt he got the once over from pretty
dark hair girl.-- Met'yu zashel v svoj novyj klass i pochuvstvoval, kak nekaya
simpatichnaya temnovolosaya devochka odarila ego bystrym izuchayushchim vzglyadom.
on and off adv. neregulyarno, periodicheski, inogda: Kate wrote to his
pen pal in Russia on and off for one year.-- Kejt v techenie goda inogda
pisala svoemu russkomu drugu.
on edge adj. na predele, na nervah, vzvinchennyj: Before the match all
the Tigers were on edge.-- Pered matchem vse "tigry" byli na predele.
221
on ice adv. otkladyvat', priberech' (do sleduyushchego udobnogo sluchaya): --
I have to put my vacation on ice until the weather turns good.-- YA dolzhen
otlozhit' svoj otpusk, poka pogoda ne izmenitsya k luchshemu.
on me, him, her, them ya prostavlyayu, on prostavlyaet, ona prostavlyaet i,
sootvetstvenno, oni prostavlyayut. Esli kto-nibud' v bare, restorane, v
"Makdonal'dse" ili bistro govorit "on me", eto znachit, chto on ugoshchaet. "On
me" tak i perevoditsya -- "na mne "ili "za mnoj".
on one's high horse adv. phr. "na belom kone: Proshla press-konferenciya
posle aresta vliyatel'nogo v N'yu-Jorke deyatelya, pogorevshego na narkobiznese.
Delo eto raskryl komissar Le Peshen. Podfartilo. Ego sosluzhivcy, uvidev
interv'yu s komissarom v televizionnyh novostyah, uhmylyayutsya: -- Look at Le
Pechen. It sounds he is on his high horse now.-- Glyadi-ka: nash Le Peshen na
belom kone...
on one's toes adv. phr. nacheku: -- The cool football is always on his
toes.-- Klassnyj futbolist vsegda na cyrlah (nacheku, nagotove),-- govorit
Mont Klark, trener iz Detrojta, "Minskim Zubram" iz Minska.
on one's last legs adv. phr. na poslednem izdyhanii: -- Yeah, Back was
a good doggy. Now he is on his last legs...-- M-da, Bak byl horoshej
sobachkoj,-- govorit kovboj Bill, kivaya Dzhonu na lezhashchego u kryl'ca starogo
psa.-- No teper' on uzhe na poslednem izdyhanii...
on pins and needles adv. phr. kak na igolkah: -- Although I've been
singing for pretty long time I always on pins and needles before the curtain
opens up.-- Hot' ya i poyu pered publikoj uzhe dovol'no dolgo, no vsegda pered
podnyatiem zanavesa -- slovno na igolkah ves',-- govorit vokalist gruppy
svoemu basistu.
opposite sex n. zhenskij pol (ili protivopolozhnyj pol, esli o nem
govorit muzhchina).
ouch! (vosklicanie) oj!
out of the blue adv. phr. slovno sneg na golovu, grom sredi yasnogo
neba, nezhdanno-negadanno: Johnny came out of the blue to catch the pass and
score a touchdown! -- Dzhonni, vyskochiv slovno iz-pod zemli, prinimaet pas i
otkryvaet schet!
out in the left field adj. ne iz toj opery, ne v tu step': Mik na
ekzamene po istorii. Vopros po Vtoroj mirovoj vojne. Vostochnaya Evropa. Mik
lihoradochno pytaetsya vspomnit', kakie zhe voobshche est' strany v Evrope, krome
Germanii, Francii i Anglii. Muchitel'no tret viski: -- Mmm... SHve... SHvej...
SHvejca... SHveciya... CHto? Nejtral'naya strana?Ah da! Tochno! Nejtral'naya! Potom
eta, kak ee... eeeee... |spaniya. Net?Da, tochno, net. Mmmm... Drevnyaya, oj. to
est' sovremennaya Greciya, potom eta... shlya... kep... Panama! Prepodavatel'
otkidyvaetsya na stule i preryvaet Mika: -- I'm afraidyou 're way out in the
left field, my dear.-- Boyus', chto vy, lyubeznyj, ushli nemnozhko ne v tu step'.
222
out of the frying pan into the fire iz ognya da v polymya. out of tune
adv./adj. ne v stroj, vrazlad, kto v les, kto po drova: -- Don't you think
we act out of tune?-Tebe ne kazhetsya, chto my igraem kto v les, kto po drova?
-- sprashivaet Mik Dzhona posle pervoj chetverti trenirovochnogo matcha.
out to lunch adj. tormoznut'sh, otmorozhennyj: -- Don't ask John, he is
out to lunch today.-- He pristavaj k Dzhonu, on segodnya malost' tormozit.
out of thin air adv. phr. vysosat' iz pal'ca, vzyat' s potolka, t.e.
pridumat', ne osnovyvayas' na faktah: -- Your story concocted out of thin
air! -- YA vam ni na grosh ne veryu, potomu chto vasha istoriya polnost'yu vysosana
iz pal'ca!-- vozmushchaetsya direktor kolledzha, vyslushav zhalkij lepet Mika i
Dzhona naschet ih vcherashnego progula.
over the hill adj. uzhe ne tot, t.e. ne tot, chto byl ran'she (gody berut
svoe): -- It's getting hardfor him to run so fast as before. Well, he is
over the hill.-- Dlya nego tak, kakran'she, begat' uzhe neprosto. On uzhe ne
tot.
R
pain in the ass n. ih "bol' v zadnice" -- eto nashe "kak zanoza": --
With your stupid activity you turned to be a pain in the ass! -- Vy uzhe kak
zanoza v zadnice nashego departamenta! -- rugaet boss komissara Le Peshena za
chereschur burnuyu deyatel'nost'.
pasta n. ih "pesta" -- eto nashi makaronnye izdeliya tipa spagetti s
yajcom ili rastitel'nym maslom.
pass away v. prohodit', minovat', uhodit': Tins fashion passed away
already.-- |ta moda uzhe proshla.
pass off v. 1. podsovyvat', prodavat' chto-to plohoe kak horoshee: --
Shit! They passed me off this bull shit like a something really good! --
Blin! Oni podsunuli mne etu ruhlyad' kak horoshuyu novuyu mashinu!; 2. vydavat'
sebya za nechto luchshee, chem ono est' na samom dele: Robert, a poor unknown
poet, tried to pass himself off as a wellknown one.-- Robert, nikomu ne
izvestnyj neschastnyj poet, staralsya vydat' sebya za izvestnogo; 3. prohodit',
uhodit':-- At last my aches passed off.-- Nakonec-to moi boli proshli; 4.
prohodit', sostoyat'sya (rech' o vecherinke, sobranii ili drugom meropriyatii):
The second meeting passed off very smoothly.-- Ocherednoe sobranie proshlo
ochen' gladko.
223
pass on v. 1. ustanavlivat', sudit', vyskazyvat' mnenie: The college
passed on his application and found him acceptable.-- Kolledzh prinyal ego
zayavlenie i reshil, chto paren' im podhodit; 2. otdavat', darit', razdarivat':
"As Jack grew up he passed on his jeans to me.-- Kogda Dzhek vyros, to on
otdal svoi dzhinsy mne. 3. prohodit', uhodit', otmirat', umirat': -- That was
very famous football player during late forties early fifties. I am very
sorry to hear that -he passed on. Trener "tigrov " vspominaet svoego
futbol'nogo druga: -- On byl znamenitym futbolistom, osobenno v konce
sorokovyh -- nachale pyatidesyatyh. Mne ochen' tyazhelo bylo uslyshat', chto on
umer.
pay off v. 1. vyplachivat' zarplatu, rasplachivat'sya: They paid off just
before the Christmas.-- Zarplatu vyplatili pered samym Rozhdestvom; 2.
oplachivat' po mere vlozhennyh v rabotu sil: John was working hard before
exams and it paid off: he made an A. -- Dzhon usilenno gotovilsya k ekzamenu i
byl voznagrazhden za eto: on poluchil vysshuyu ocenku (u amerikancev eto A); 3.
rasplachivat'sya (mstit'): "Ipay you off, Bobby.-- YA plachu tebe po schetu,
Bobbi ",-- procedil sherif, vsadiv zaryad v Dikogo Boba.
pet n. lyubimoe domashnee zhivotnoe: sobaka, kot, popugaj, kenar, shchegol,
drozd, opyat' popugaj, udav, lev, krokodil...
pick up v. 1. podnimat', sryvat': In the evening Mrs. McWillson picked
up sticks in the garden.-- Vecherom missis Mak-Uilson podobrala palki,
valyavshiesya v sadu; 2. zaplatit' za kogo-to: -- OK, Mike, I pick up the
check.-- Vse normal'no, Majk, ya oplachu chek,-- govorit serzhantu Holduinu
komissar Le Peshen posle obeda v restorane. (Kakoj horoshij nachal'nik vse zhe u
Holduina!) 3. podbirat' (kogo-to na doroge), podvozit', podsadit' ili
podkinut' (na avto ili zhe na drugom transporte): -- No problems, mam, I pick
you up.-- Net problem, mem, ya vas podkinu, kuda vam nado,-- govorit kovboj
Bill, proezzhaya na svoem odnomestnom traktore mimo milovidnoj devushki, idushchej
vdol' dorogi; 4. sobirat', kollekcionirovat': -- I pick up rare butterflies
all around the world.-- YA sobirayu redkih babochek po vsemu miru,-- govorit
amerikanskij entomolog belorusskomu kollege na mezhdunarodnom simpoziume, i
belorus lish' tyazhko vzdyhaet. On voobshche ele vyrvalsya za granicu; 5.
othvatit', urvat' (neozhidanno, sluchajno): -- I picked up this news from
radio just now!-- YA uznal ob etoj novosti tol'ko chto po radio, da i to
sluchajno!-- krichit v trubku zhurnalist "US Today" svoemu redaktoru; 6.
ubirat', pribirat', navodit' poryadok: -- Look at your mess in the room! It's
time to pick up,-- Posmotri na bardak v svoej komnate! -- otchityvaet Dzhona
ego mama.-- Samoe vremya pribrat'sya; 7. arestovat', hvatat', v smysle:
zabirat' v policiyu ili katalazhku: Police picked this man up for burglary.--
|togo tipa shvatili na grabezhe,-- govorit Holduin komissaru; 8. uchuyat',
obnaruzhit': The dog picked up the fox's smell. Sobaka uchuyala zapah lisy; 9.
uskoryat', poddavat' gazu, ubystryat': -- Please guys, pick up the tempo, you
don't have too much time.-- Rebyata, pozhalujsta, potoropites', u vas ne tak
uzh mnogo vremeni,-- podgonyaet uchenikov prepodavatel'; 10. prodolzhat', vnov'
startanut' (posle pauzy ili pereryva): Ne picked up the story where he had
stopped it before the holiday.-- Uchitel' prodolzhil svoyu istoriyu s togo
mesta, na kotorom on ostanovilsya do vyhodnyh; 11. pribavlyat', uluchshat': --
Don't you think Jane picked up after summer holiday? -- Tebe ne kazhetsya, chto
Dzhejn kak-to pohoroshela posle kanikul?-- shepchet na uho Miku Dzhon na pervom
zanyatii novogo uchebnogo goda; 12. vyzdoravlivat': She picked up gradually
after a long sickness.-- • Ona nakonec-to popravilas' posle dolgoj bolezni.
224
pickup n. (udarenie na pick) 1. legok v obshchenii, osobenno s
protivopolozhnym polom, u nas v takih sluchayah o parnyah govoryat obychno
"babnik", o devushkah - "rebyatnica": -- They say this new comer is an easy
pickup. - Est' sluh, chto eti novaya devchonka v nashej gruppe legko shoditsya s
parnyami,-- govorit Mik Dzhonu, kogda rech' zahodit o noven'koj studentke v ih
gruppe; 2. pikap, t. e. mashina.
piece of cake n. informal raz plyunut', plevaya rabota, kak dvazhdy dva:
-- Don't worry, this test is a piece of cake.-- Da ne volnujsya ty,--
uspokaivaet Dzhona Mik pered predstoyashchej kontrol'nojrabotoj,-- etot test -- -
chto dva pal'ca ob asfal't.
pig in a poke i. "kot v meshke": -- It's a pig in a poke buying! Don't
do that! -- He pokupaj kota v meshke! Ne delaj etogo! -- otgovarivaet Bill
Dzhona ot pokupki po pochte uchastka zemli.
pine n. sosna. Slovo vrode by prostoe. an net. Kak ni dobivalsya ya ot
amerikancev, kak zhe oni nazyvayut elku, kak pihtu, a kak sosnu, tak nichego i
ne dobilsya. Vse eti dereva dlya yanki zvuchat odinakovo -- "pine". Tak chto
sluchaj, kak vidite, tot zhe, chto i s yastrebom. M-da, s zoologiej i botanikoj
v Amerike tugo.
225
piss off v. (grub.) zadirat', zakolebyvat', dostavat', nadoest' do
predela: -- I'm pissed off! -- Kak! Vy! Menya! Uzhe! Zadolbali!
plastic n. plastikovye den'gi, to bish' kreditnaya kartochka. Amerikancy
davno uzhe predpochitayut ne taskat' s soboj nalichku (poka ne priezzhayut k nam).
polish the apple v. phr. "progibat'sya", podlizyvat'sya: -- I know why
you. polish the apple at work so much! Wanna get a day off? -- YA znayu,
pochemu ty tak sejchas progibaesh'sya na rabote. Hochesh' vzyat' otgul?
pooped out adj. istoshchennyj, vyzhatyj (kak limon), vydohshijsya: -- Leave
we alone, Mick. I' t so pooped out after this hard game.-- Otstan', Mik. YA
voobshche nikakoj posle segodnyashnej nelegkoj igry...
pop up v. vnezapno voznikat', poyavlyat'sya, vyskakivat', kak iz-pod
zemli: Just when Le Pechen thought that everything was OK a new problem
popped up.-- I vot kogda uzhe Le Peshen dumal, chto vse v poryadke, na golovu
svalilas' novaya problema.
psych out v. phr. 1. vychislyat' (kogo-to): -- I guess, commish, you 'II
psych him out pretty fast.-- Dumayu, komissar, vy ego bystro vychislite,--
odobryaet Holduin Le Peshena, kogda tot na komp'yutere igraet v igru "Najdi
terrorista" na pervom (detskom) urovne;
2. psihovat', sryvat'sya (nervnichat'): -- Don't drive too fast, Mike. I
psych out at the high speed when there's no any need. -- He tak bystro goni
mashinu, Majk. YA ne perenoshu bol'shoj skorosti, osobenno kogda v etom net
nikakoj neobhodimosti. (Komissar i serzhant vozvrashchayutsya s lancha, i Le Peshen
chuvstvuet, chto pereel piccy.)
psych up v. nastraivat'sya, zavodit'sya: Policejskie zahodyat v tir i
vidyat strannuyu kartinu: komissar policii Le Peshen s krikami perekatyvaetsya
po polu, strelyaet po mishenyam, uvertyvaetsya ot voobrazhaemyh pul'... -- Relax,
guys. The commish is psyching himself up before the hard work.--
Uspokojtes', rebyata,-- govorit serzhant Holduin.-- Prosto komissar
nastraivaetsya pered rabotoj. Mik pered igroj s "CHikagskimi Bizonami"
podhodit k Dzhonu i pokazyvaet na napadayushchego "bizonov" Ajvona Sadovski,
vysokogo, pod dva metra, parnya: -- They say he psyches himself up by
crushing bricks before the game.-- Pogovarivayut, chto on nastraivaetsya na
igru tem, chto lomaet kirpichi.
psycho n. ih "sajko" -- eto primerno to zhe, chto i nash "psih" --
sokrashchennaya forma ot "psychopath". Tol'ko ispol'zuetsya slovo ne v takih
sochetaniyah, kak "psihoterapevt", a, skoree, v takih, kak "Sir Sex Psycho"
(sm. poslednyuyu pesnyu kompakta "Red Hot Chilli Peppers" "Brown Sugar Sex
Magik", 1991 g.), chto mozhno perevesti i kak "Gospodin Seks-Psih", i kak "Ser
Seksual'nyj psihopat".
226
pub n. sokrashchenno ot "public house", chto hot' i perevoditsya doslovno
"publichnyj dom", tem ne menee, oboznachaet bol'shuyu pivnuhu, harchevnyu, kabak.
Pab -- eto mesto, gde mozhno posidet' s druz'yami za kruzhkoj irlandskogo piva
i poigrat' v darts (amerikancy vse svoi paby nazyvayut irlandskimi, hotya odin
irlandec skazal mne, chto pivo tam kak voda, sovsem dazhe ne tyanet na
irlandskoe), sm. kartinku.
pull vrode, prostoj glagol - "tyanut', tashchit'", no vot s predlogami u
nashego pulla poyavlyaetsya celaya kucha novyh znachenij:
1. pull apart raznimat'; 2. pull back otdergivat'; 3. pull into
vtaskivat'; 4. pull off staskivat', styagivat' a takzhe svorachivat' s dorogi;
5. pull out vytaskivat', vydergivat'; 6. pull over hot' i zvuchit kak
"pulover" (pullover), oznachaet "s®ezzhat' s dorogi k trotuaru". V fil'me s
uchastiem Dzhima Kerri "Tupoj i eshche tupee" policejskij pod®ezzhaet na motocikle
k mashine tupyh druzej i govorit tomu, kto za rulem: pull over, mol, tormozi
i s®ezzhaj k obochine. No voditel' schitaet, chto policejskij govorit emu o
pulovere, i otvechaet: da, mol, holodno. V perevode zhe etot yumor poteryalsya.
put away v . 1. upech', v smysle: upryatat' kuda-nibud' podal'she, v
tyur'mu, v bol'nicu: Ne decided to put his father away when he became
mentally sick. - On reshil upech' svoego papashu v bol'nicu posle togo, kak tot
slegka rehnulsya; 2. ubrat', v smysle: ukokoshit': -- I think it would be
better to put your dog away. It is an old and sick.-- Dumayu, chto tvoyu sobaku
luchshe usypit'. Ona staraya, bol'naya i uzhe bespoleznaya,-- govorit kovboj Bill
svoemu drugu Dzhonu.
227
put down v. 1. zapisyvat', zanosit' v spisok: Komissar Le Peshen
chut'-chut' vypendrivaetsya pered dvumya molodymi policejskimi, rasskazyvaya v
pateticheskih tonah o povedenii policejskogo vo vremya zaderzhaniya
prestupnikov. Vidya, chto ego slushayut, otkryv rot, komissar ostanovilsya i s
ulybkoj sprashivaet: -- Is some one putting this down? -- Kto-nibud' vse eto
zapisyvaet? 2. podavlyat', ostanavlivat' siloj: Kapitan Majknejl podzyvaet
serzhanta Timoti Timpsona i pokazyvaet pal'cem na v'etnamskuyu dereven'ku:
"Vot tut zaseli eti buntovshchiki.-Rebellions? We put them down in 3 hours!
-Povstancy? -- sprashivaet u kapitana serzhant Timoti.-- Damy ih razob'em za 3
chasa"; 3. prinizhat', opuskat', umalyat', lazhat', uprekat': V pesne "Bitlz"
"Girl" (al'bom "Rubber Soul" 1965 goda) Dzhon Lennon, tyazhelo vzdyhaya (v
pripeve), pel pro stroptivuyu devushku: "She is kind of girl that puts you
down when friends are there and you feel a fool... -- Ona takaya devushka, chto
lazhaet i opuskaet tebya v prisutstvii tvoih druzej, i ty chuvstvuesh' sebya pri
etom kak durak". - You make a mistake and then always try to put us down as
if we do our job bad! - Vy sami delaete oshibku, a potom tykaete nas nosom,
budto by eto my ploho vypolnyaem svoyu rabotu",-- otbrivaet sekretarsha svoyu
kollegu iz sosednego ofisa; 4. harakterizovat', kvalificirovat': "She put me
down as a dude. - Ona menya opredelila vnachale kak kozla",-- rasskazyvaet Mik
o tom, kakoe vpechatlenie on proizvel na Dzhejn vo vremya ih samoj pervoj
vstrechi; 5. opredelyat', ob®yasnyat', nazyvat' prichinu: -- Jane put your bad
mood down to bad weather. - Dzhejn ob®yasnila tvoe plohoe nastroenie vliyaniem
plohoj pogody,-- govorit Dzhon Miku; 6. kopat', buravit': -- I wanna put down
a new well. - Vot sobirayus' vykopat' novyj kolodec,-- govorit kovboj Bill.
put in v. 1. dobavlyat': -- Well, and then, when guys'were discussing
the car accident the driver put in that the road was icy. - Da, i potom,
kogda obsuzhdali stolknovenie, voditel' dobavil, chto doroga byla skol'zkoj,
pokrytoj korkoj l'da,-- rasskazyvaet Holduin komissaru ob avarii na doroge;
2. zakupat', zagotavlivat': They put in a full stock of drugs.-- Oni
zakupili vse neobhodimye dlya apteki lekarstva; 3. provodit', tratit',
prozhigat' (v smysle: tratit'): -- Yes, sir, I put in two years as a
photographer. -Da, ser. ya dva goda prorabotal fotografom,-- govorit
novobranec serzhantu Timoti Timpsonu, kogda tot sprashivaet, kto v ego vzvode
umeet fotografirovat'. -- Horosho,-- kivaet serzhant.-- Vidish' vot etu yamku?--
i on pokazyvaet na okop metr na dva.-- Da, ser,-- otvechaet byvshij fotograf.
-- So make me a blowup copy of that. -- Sdelaj mne uvelichennuyu kopiyu, --
uhmylyaetsya Timoti, protyagivaya soldatu lopatu; 4. sazhat' rasteniya; Bill
put-in a row of radishes.-- Bill posadil ryadok rediski; 5. prichalivat': The
ship put in for repairs.-- Korabl' prichalil v port na remont; 6. obrashchat'sya
(upotreblyaetsya s for): "When they opened the representatives 1 put in for
that.-- Kogda oni otkryli predstavitel'stvo, ya obratilsya tuda",--
rasskazyvaet byvshij bezrabotnyj o svoih mytarstvah v poiskah novoj raboty.
228
put off v. 1. vzbudorazhit', zamutit', rasstroit' : "Well, I was pretty
put off by his shamelessness proposal.-- YA byla prosto shokirovana ego
bestaktnym predlozheniem ", -- vozmushchena Dzhejn tem, chto fotograf predlozhil ej
vmeste pouzhinat'; 2. otkladyvat', perenosit' na bolee pozdnij srok: -- OK,
we will put off our party.-- Nu horosho, my perenesem nashu vecherinku,--
soglashaetsya Mik, kogda Dzhon govorit, chto ne smozhet v subbotu poehat' na
piknik; 3. osadit', ostanovit' kogo-nibud': Jane put John offwhen he asked
her to name a day of her sister's wedding. -Dzhejn tak i ne skazala Dzhonu,
kogda zhe sostoitsya svad'ba ee sestry (skazhet, no pozzhe); 4. peremenit'
plastinku, t. e. smenit' temu razgovora: When John began to tell the guests
the story of their underground Mexico trip Mick put him down.-- Kogda Dzhon
stal rasskazyvat' gostyam o proshlogodnem tajnom puteshestvii v Meksiku, Mik
zastavil ego peremenit' plastinku i pogovorit' o futbole; 5. gresti, plyt':
They put off in a small boats to meet the arriving Canadian ship.-- Oni
grebli v nebol'shih lodkah navstrechu pribyvayushchemu kanadskomu korablyu.
put on v. 1. odevaetsya: -- Could you put on this dress?- He hochesh' li
nadet' eto plat'e? - sprashivaet mama Dzhejn, kogda ee doch' perebiraet svoj
shkaf v poiskah plat'ya dlya pohoda v teatr; 2. preuvelichivat', pritvoryat'sya:
-- It's not hurt! He is putting on! -Emu ne bol'no! On prikidyvaetsya! -
krichit sud'e zashchitnik hokkejnogo kluba "Monreal' Kanadiens ", pod®ezzhaya k
katayushchemusya po l'du ot boli napadayushchemu "Vankuver Kenaks " Pavlu Bure. Moemu
lyubimomu, kstati, hokkeistu. No "russkaya raketa "ne prikidyvaetsya, i
zashchitnika otpravlyayut na dve minuty. "Put on a smile.-- Naden' ulybku",--
govorit skvoz' zuby Le Peshen hmuromu Holduinu. kogda oni zahodyat v kabinet
bossa. |tot primer mozhno otnesti ch k pervomu znacheniyu nashego "put on": 3.
nabirat' (ves): First I was pretty fat. Bill now I am so thin that doctor
said I should put on two or three kilos. - Vnachale ya byla tolstushkoj, no
teper' ya nastol'ko huda. chto doktor posovetoval mne nabrat' paru-trojku
kilogrammov; 4. davat', organizovyvat': The senior class put on a
discotec.-- Starsheklassniki proveli u sebya diskoteku; 5. vkladyvat',
vosproizvodit', delat' usilie: -- Then I put on an extra burst of speed and
finally won this long race! - Zatem ya sobral sily dlya broska, uvelichil
skorost' i vyigral etu nelegkuyu gonku,-- govorit na press-konferencii
begun-marafonec.
229
put out v. 1. vyklyuchat' (svet), gasit' (svet, ogon'): -- Only don't
forget to put out the fire. - Tol'ko ne zabud'te zagasit' koster,-- govorit
vozhatyj svoim skautam; 2. publikovat', vypuskat'; pechatat': I know this
editor, he had put out a weekly for.about a year. - YA znayu etogo redaktora.
On okolo goda vypuskal ezhenedel'nuyu gazetu; 3. odolzhat', davat' vzajmy: --
Ne put out all his money at 10 per cent or better. -- On otdal.vse svoi
den'gi pod 10 procentov ili dazhe bol'she: 4. razdrazhat'sya, zlit'sya,
zavodit'sya: -- I spilled juice on my new dress. This put tu tot out. - YA
prolila sok na novoe plat'e, i eto zdorovo vyvelo iz sebya moyu mamochku.--
zhaluetsya Miku Dzhejn; 5. bespokoit', mutit' vodu, buzit' -- Don't talk bad
about her! She puts herself out only to make things good for us! - He nado
pro nee tak ploho govorit'! Dzhejn staraetsya, buzit i tol'ko zatem, chtoby nam
bylo horosho.-- otchityvaet Dzhona Mik; 6, otchalivat', otplyvat': The boat put
out through the waves.-- Lodka otchalila ot berega i poplyla po volnam; 7.
grubo, po otnosheniyu k zhenshchinam trahuchaya, seksual'naya: "Why do you think Liza
puts out like that? - Pochemu ty dumaesh', chto Lajza trahaetsya so vsemi
podryad? - sprashivaet Mik Dzhona.
put over v. obdurivat', razygryvat' upotreblyaetsya s predlogom on:
Johnney really put over on us when he came to the Halloween parly dressed as
Dracula. - Dzhonni v v samom dele vseh zdorovo razygral, kogda na Hellovin
yavilsya razodetym pod Drakulu.
put up v. 1. pakovat', upakovyvat', osobenno esli rech' zahodit' o ede
ili lekarstvah: Mik vletaet v komnatu i obrashchaetsya k Dzhonu, razlozhivshemu
svoyu pohodnuyu aptechku na stole: -- My uezzhaem! Bystro pakuj svoi veshchi! -- We
are leaving! Put your stuff up! 2. skladyvat', klast' na mesto,
skladirovat': The viking Biorn put up Ids sword.-- Viking B'orn vlozhil mech v
nozhny. Cowboy Bill put up the horse.-- Kovboj Bill postavil loshad' v
konyushnyu; 3. predlagat', vydvigat': When the club decided to take in a new
captain John put up Mick.-- Kogda klub reshil pomenyat' kapitana komandy. to
Dzhon predlozhil kandidaturu Mika; 4. Ukladyvat' (volosy): -- I wanna put up
my hair in curlers. - Hochu nakrutit' volosy,-- govorit Miku Dzhejn, sovetuyas'
po povodu svoej pricheski; 5. vystavlyat' na prodazhu: I put my house up for
sale. - YA vystavil svoi dom na prodazhu: 6. arendovat', obstavlyat': I put the
guy up in my home. -YA poselil parnyau sebya v dome, sdav emu komnatu; 7.
sdelat', organizovat', ustroit': -- This man pul up the money to build this
studio. -|tot chelovek razdobyl den'gi, chtoby, postroit' studiyu,--
rok-muzykant ukazyvaet svoemu novomu udarniku pa dzhentl'mena v strogom
kostyume.
230
pretty adv. dostatochno, prilichno: -- It's pretty cold outside!-- Na
ulice dostatochno holodno!
R
rack one's brain v. phr. napryagat' mozgi, shevelit' myslej: Mick racked
his brain trying to remember where he saw this girl before. -- Mik napryag
pamyat', starayas' vspomnit', gde zhe on videl etu devushku ran'she.
rain cats and dogs v. phr. prolivnoj, kak iz vedra: In the middle of
the match it started to rain cats and dogs.-- V seredine matcha nachalsya vdrug
zhutkij liven'. Match, ponyatno, prervali i otlozhili na zavtra.
rain check n. special'noe razreshenie (besplatnyj bilet), pozvolyayushchij
prijti na tot samyj match, chto prervalsya iz-za "cats and dogs" dozhdya.
"Dozhdevoj chek" mozhet byt' vydan ne tol'ko iz-za dozhdya; eto svoego roda
povtor priglasheniya, esli kto-to ne mozhet navestit' vas v naznachennoe vremya.
Togda "dozhdevye cheki" tozhe vpolne umestny: -- I'm sorry you can't come
tonight. Jane. But I'll sure give you a rain cheek. -- ZHal', chto ty. ne
smozhesh' segodnya vecherom prijti, Dzhejn. No obeshchayu, chto priglashenie, ostaetsya
v sile.
raise eyebrows v. phr. "podnyat' brovi", t.e. shokirovat', udivlyat': That
news raised eyebrows all over the college.-- |ta novost' (pobeda "Tigrov
Vostochnogo Poberezh'ya" v finale) shokirovala ves' kolledzh.
231
rape session n. (voen.) vzbuchka, vzdryuchka, na kover: -- I see you've
got a good rape session just now? -- Vas tol'ko chto vyzyvali na kover?--
govorit Holduin, vidya, chto u komissara slishkom uzh blednyj vid.
rat race i. bardak, begotnya, haos: Trener posle neudachnogo matcha
raspekaet "tigrov": -- Your last quater was a rat race, no more.-- Poslednyaya
chetvert' igry byla besporyadochnoj begotnej, ne bolee.
rat out v. predavat', podvodit', delat' zapadlo, brosat' (v samyj
nepodhodyashchij moment): Joe ratted out Maggy when she was pregnant and badly
needed his help.-- Dzho brosil Meggi v tot samyj moment, kogda ona
zaberemenela i, kak nikogda, nuzhdalas' v ego pomoshchi.
rave n. Vnimanie! v nashem slovare slovo "rejv" vpervye oboznachaet ne
"bredit', nevnyatno chto-to bormotat', nesti bredyatinu" i ne "rev, grohot,
shtorm", a samo sebya -- "rejv". Imenno tak v devyanostye gody stali nazyvat'
raznovidnost' rok-muzyki, chto ispolnyali nekotorye gruppy i pevica
|.Morisset, gde, nesomnenno, prisutstvuyut vse znacheniya slova "rave": i rev
gitar, i chasto bredovyj tekst s takim zhe somnambulicheskim vokalom. Vidite,
kazhdoe desyatiletie privnosit v rok-muzyku chto-nibud' svoe: shestidesyatye --
bit, semidesyatye -- art i hard-rok, vos'midesyatye -- novuyu volnu, novyh
romantikov i U2, devyanostye -- rep i rejv...
reach for the sky v. phr. eshche odin variant "hands up" (ruki vverh):
Policejskie vryvayutsya v priton bandy vorishek, i komissar Le Peshen, navedya na
prestupnikov revol'ver, proiznosit: -- Reach for the sky, boys! -- Nu,
mal'chiki, bystren'ko podnyali ruchki!
ride out v. vykarabkivat'sya, vyzhivat', perenosit'.
right on adv. interj. vosklicanie tipa nashego "yasnyj perec!" ili
"konechno!": Trener pered vazhnym matchem s sil'nym sopernikom nastraivaet
igrokov na boevoj duh: -- OK, boys! We'll kick their ass! Right on! -- Nu,
rebyata, naderem im zadnicy! Eshche kak!
rip off v. grabit', n. ograblenie, n. grabezh: -- Commish! Somebody
ripped off a store at the West Side 88! -- Komissar! Kto-to ograbil magazin
na Uests Sajd. 88! -- krichit v trubku serzhant Holduin.-- Yes, that is a
typical rip-off.-- M-da, tipichnoe ograblenie,-- rezyumiruet komissar, obvodya
vzglyadom razbrosannye pustye korobki, razdavlennye pivnye banki i pustuyu
kassu magazina.
rock n. V teh otechestvennyh slovaryah, chto mne prihodilos' videt', u
etogo slova pervoe i poslednee znachenie (kak sushchestvi tel'nogo) bylo
"skala". Ono, konechno, verno: "rock" -- eto "skala". No na pervoe mesto ya by
vse-taki postavil takoe znachenie, kak "kamen'", "kameshek", "bulyzhnik",
koroche, to, chto valyaetsya pod nogami, chto mozhno podnyat' i shvyrnut'. Imenno v
etom znachenii slovo "rock" chashche vsego vstrechaetsya v povsednevnoj rechi
amerikancev. Slovo "stone" bol'she ispol'zuetsya v takom smysle: kamen' kak
stroitel'nyj i -- prochij material. Eshche "rock"-- eto "rok-muzyka".
No muzykal'nyj "kamen'" poyavilsya gde-to v 1956 godu, i obrazovalsya on ot
glagola "to rock", kotoryj perevoditsya kak "kachat'sya". Tak chto "rock and
roll" (pozzhe v sokrashchennoj forme kak "rock'n'roll") -- eto udachnyj termin,
pridumannyj odnim amerikanskim di-dzheem, kotoromu bystryj, pochti
akrobaticheskij tanec pod ritm-end-blyuz napominal muzyku "kachaniya i
vercheniya", tak kak partner, slovno gimnast, vertel svoej partnershej, a takzhe
vertelsya i raskachivalsya sam.
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rolling stone n. perekati-pole, brodyaga; v. katis' kolbaskoj, skatert'yu
doroga.
rolling stone gathers no moss "perekati-pole ne obrastaet mhom" --
pogovorka, kotoraya oznachaet,-chto rolling-stoun (brodyaga, a ne chlen izvestnoj
gruppy) nikogda ne "zastolbitsya" na etoj zemle, ne postroit dom, ne zavedet
sem'yu, ne posadit dereva, s chem mozhno i posporit', navernoe...
rub it in v. phr. postoyanno napominat', tykat' nosom (v oshibku ili
kakoj-libo nedostatok): -- Yes, I missed that fucking ball out, but, please,
stop to keep rubbing it in!-- Da! YA propustil etot proklyatyj myach! No hvatit
uzhe tykat' menya v eto nosom!
rub out v. v puh i prah, likvidirovat': Timoti Timpson dokladyvaet po
racii obstanovku: -- There were two Charlie's machine gun points hul we
rubbed them out! -- Zdes' byli dva pulemetnyh rascheta "charli"(t.e.
v'etnamcev), no my ih razbili v puh i prah!
233
run v. rukovodit', vozglavlyat': -- I't running this business
recently.-- V nastoyashchee vremya ya vedu eto delo.
run in v. zametat', arestovyvat', nakryvat': -- We ran this boy in for
illegal trade.-- My arestovali etogo parnishu za nezakonnuyu torgovlyu.
run into v. smeshivat' (kraski), vrezat'sya (v avtomobil').
run for it v: phr. spasat'sya, unosit' nogi, delat' nogi, bezhat': The
fans rushed the stage and the Beatles had to run for it.-- Vo vremya koncerta
fany rvanuli na scenu, i "Bitlz" dolzhny byli unosit' nogi.
run off v. pechatat', vypuskat': Last year we ran off more than hundred
copies a day.-- V proshlom godu my pechatali bolee sotni kopij v den'.
run through v. 1. protykat' (mechom, nozhom, pikoj): The fight was hard
but the captain Blood finally ran the bustard through.-- Boj byl trudnym, no
kapitan Blad, v konce koncov, pronzil negodyaya: 2. raspuskat', besputno
tratit': The money was big but John ran it through.-- Den'gi byli nemalye,
no Dzhon vse bystro spustil:
3. prochityvat' ot korki do korki, bystro projti, prolistat', otygrat':
Mick ran the book through.-- Mik proglotil knigu za odin prisest. Tlie
Paul's 'band ran the program through.-- Fpyi-tna Pashi otygrala bez ostanovki
vsyu svoyu progralshu.
run up v. 1. pribavlyat', uvelichivat': John ran up their income.-- Dzhon
uvelichil ih s Mikom dohod; 2. sshivat', soedinyat': Jane ran up a good dress
right before the party.-- Dzhejn sshila novoe plat'e pryamo pered vecherom; 3.
tashchit', tyanut', podnimat': -- Look! They ran up a white flag!-- Smotrite!
Oni podnyali (vybrosili) belyj flag! -- krichit serzhant Timoti Timpson
kapitanu, ukazyvaya pri etom na pozicii okruzhennyh "charli".
run wild v. phr. vyhodit' iz sebya, vyhodit' iz-pod kontrolya: -- Our new
boss lets every one runs wild.-- Nash novyj boss sovsem uzh vseh raspustil.
Russky russkij. To zhe, kak my govorim na polyakov -- psheki, na ukraincev
-- hohly, a hohly na russkih -- kacapy, na belorusov -- bul'byashi i vse
vmeste na amerikancev -- yanki, amerikancy i kanadcy govoryat na nas (kacapov,
hohlov i bul'byashej) -- "russkij", vidimo i ne podozrevaya, chto eto pryamoe
zaimstvovanie iz russkogo zhe yazyka.
234
Russian roulette n. russkaya ruletka, t.e. slishkom uzh riskovannoe delo:
-- Your proposal is a Russian Roulette and only crazy's gonna realize
that.-- Tvoi plan -- eto igra v russkuyu ruletku, i tol'ko sumasshedshij mozhet
nachat' vo1gloshchat® etu ideyu.-- otvergaet kapitan Maknejl plan zahvata,
predlozhennyj serzhantom Timpsonom.
S
sack in/sack out v. otbivat'sya (ot slova otboj), "davit' na massu",
t.e. dolgo i horosho spat': Avgust 1960 goda. Gamburg. Pyatero molodyh parnej
v kozhe i chernyh rokerskih solncezashchitnyh ochkah. Gruppa "Bitlz" iz Liverpulya.
Parni vpervye priehali vystupat' v odnom nemeckom nochnom klube, i impresario
Bruno zavodit molodyh anglichan v tak nazyvaemuyu kostyumernuyu, gde muzykanty.
predpolozhitel'no dolzhny budut otdyhat' i gotovit'sya k vystupleniyu.-- Ugly
place. Where are you guys gonna sack in? -- Uzhasnoe mesto. A gde vy. rebyata,
sobiraetes' zdes' davit' na massu?-- - sprashivaet Pol Makkartni Dzhona
Lennona. Dzhordzha Harrisona, Styuarta Satkliffa i Pita Besta, poslednimi
perestupaya porog etogo byvshego tualeta.
salt and pepper adj. phr. prosed', chernye vperemeshku s sedymi: His hair
was salt. and pepper.-- Ego volosy byli serymi ot sediny.
save face v. phr. my govorim: "sohranit' chest' mundira", to bish' spasti
svoyu reputaciyu, amerikancy govoryat: "sohranit' lico": -- This policeman was
caught accepting a bribe. But he tried to save the face by claiming that was
money owed to him.-- |tot polismen byl vzyat s polichnym vo vremya polucheniya
vzyatki. No on pytalsya otstoyat' svoyu chest', zayaviv, chto eti den'gi byli im
yakoby ranee odolzheny,-- rasskazyvaet 'komissar Le Peshen serzhantu Holduinu.
sceleton in the closet n. phr. "skelet v shkafu" -- eto pozor sem'i libo
otdel'nogo cheloveka, o kotorom (pozore) predpochitayut molchat' i derzhat' v
tajne: -- Cousin Jack is a sceleton in our family closet. He was an acid
head.-- Kuzen Dzhek -- eto pozor nashej sem'i, on byl nar kotom,-- vzdyhaet
Dzhon, rasskazyvaya za kruzhkoj piva sekrety svoej sem'i.
scrounge around v. phr. slonyat'sya, tykat'sya v raznye storony: John and
Bill were out of money and they just scrounged around from one diner to
another until some one offered them a free snack.-- U Dzhona i Billa
konchilis' den'gi, i oni slonyalis' ot odnoj stolovoj k drugoj, poka kto-to ne
predlozhil im besplatno perekusit'.
235
screw around v.phr. (grub.) "duraka valyat'": -- Don't come any more!
All you do is screw around all day! -- He prihodi bol'she! Vse, chto ty
delaesh',-- eto valyanie duraka celymi dnyami!
screw up v. phr. (grub.) naportachit', dokanyvat', podstavlyat': -- Her
divorce screwed her up so badly! -- Razvod ee tak dokonal! -- I wonder how
many times that's screwed things up? -- Interesno, skol'ko raz eto nam
delalo v padlu?,-- govorit odna akula drugoj, neozhidanno obnaruzhiv, chto
spinnye plavniki vsyakij raz vydayut ih priblizhenie k beregu, gde zagoraet
mnogo raznyh vkusnyh lyudishek.
search me -- I don't know -- YA otkuda znayu? -- Do you know what time is
it now? -- Search me! I got no watch! -- Ty znaesh', kotoryj sejchas chas?--
Otkuda! U menya zhe net chasov!
see food diet "em vse, chto vizhu". |ta amerikanskaya shutka baziruetsya na
igre slov see- videt' i sea- more, chto zvuchit absolyutno odinakovo, no
pishetsya po-raznomu. Kogda amerikanec govorit, chto on Seafood diet, to eto
znachit, chto on upotreblyaet v pishchu tol'ko morskuyu edu. A kogda amerikanec
govorit "aj em on e si fud dajet", no pri etom podrazumevaet see food diet,
to eto znachit, chto on est absolyutno vse podryad.
see you (later) "poka!", "chao!"
seize the bull by the horns v. phr. "brat' byka za roga".
see off v. provozhat', proshchat'sya: When Jane flew to L. A. Mick saw her
off at the airport. Kogda Dzhejn uletala v Los-Andzheles, Mik prishel v
aeroport provodit' ee.
see out v. provozhat' do dverej, do doma, ne brosit' devushku posredi
ulicy, a provodit' kak istinnyj dzhentl'men, dovodit' delo do konca: John's
lesson was hard but he saw it out to the end.-- Zadanie Dzhona bylo slozhnym,
no on vse uspeshno dovel do konca.-- 1 always see Jane out after discotec.--
YA vsegda provozhayu Dzhejn do doma posle diskoteki,-- govorit Mik roditelyam
svoej podrugi, kogda te bespokoyatsya, chto ih doch' pozdno vozvrashchaetsya domoj.
set about v. nachinat': -- I set about learning Japanese at an early
age.-- YA nachal izuchat' yaponskij eshche v rannem vozraste,-- rasskazyvaet Le
Peshen serzhantu Halduinu, kogda rech' zahodit o tom, kto iz nih luchshe znakom s
psihologiej yaponcev. Pravda, on pri etom ne govorit, chto uzhe ni slova
po-yaponski ne pomnit.
set back v. otkladyvat', perenosit': -- We planned to hold this match
tomorrow, but cold raining weather set back the match by three days.-- My
sobiralis' provesti etot match zavtra, no iz-za dozhdlivoj pogody prishlos' ego
otlozhit' na tri dnya,-- govorit trener "Tigrov" svoim igrokam.
236
set forth v. 1. proyasnyat', ob®yasnyat' tolkovo: The teacher set forth his
plan in the meeting.-- Na sobranii uchitel' izlozhil svoj plan; 2. pristupat',
nachinat', otpravlyat'sya kuda-nibud': The company set forth on its four-mile
hike.-- S utra poran'she rota nachala svoj chetyrehmil'nyj marsh-brosok.
set in v. nachinat', razvivat': Suddenly, right before the ride a storm
had set in.-- Neozhidanno, pryamo pered otplytiem, nachalas' burya.
set off v. 1. ottenyat', podcherkivat': The light blue color of her eyes
was set off by black brows.-- Goluboj cvet ee glaz garmoniroval s chernymi
brovyami; 2. uravnoveshivat': The interesting book set off the dreary weather
of the weekend. -- Parshivuyu pogodu vyhodnyh skrasila interesnaya kniga,
kotoruyu Mik chital s subboty po voskresen'e; 3. ispol'zovat': -- Don't worry,
we will set them off on Independence Day.-- He volnujsya. My ih pustim v hod
na Den' Nezavisimosti,-- govorit Mik Dzhonu, kogda tot pokazyvaet emu ne
ispol'zovannyj na Rozhdestvo yashchik petard.
set out v. 1. uezzhat', uhodit': Eric Red set out for the new found
land.-- |rik Ryzhij (eto viking iz Islandii, kotoryj otkryl Grenlandiyu i chej
syn potom otkroet Ameriku -- kuda do nih Kolumbu!) otpravilsya v plavanie k
otkrytoj im zemle; 2. pytat'sya, reshit'sya: -- So I set out to improve my
Spanish.-- Tak chto ya reshil usovershenstvovat' svoj ispanskij yazyk,-- govorit
Le Peshen serzhantu Holduinu. Ego usovershenstvovanie, esli chestno,-- vyuchit'
vtoruyu polovinu ispanskogo alfavita; 3. posadit' (rastenie): -- I set out
some poppy in the garden.-- YA posadila kakoj-to mak v sadu,-- govorit Dzhejn,
demonstriruya Miku svoj miniatyurnyj sadik v yaponskom stile.
set up v. I. sponsirovat': Dva talantlivyh rok-muzykanta razgovarivayut
v deshevom n'yu-jorkskom klube, zhaluyas' na svoi finansovye problemy i na to,
kak trudno probit'sya bez blata i deneg naverh.-- But Paul is big now.-- A
vot Pol pokrutel sejchas,-- govorit odin iz nih, vspominaya byvshego
udarnika.-- Sure. His reach dady set him up.-- Eshche by. Ego bogaten'kij
papochka prosponsiroval,-- otvechaet vtoroj; 2. ustanovit', organizovat',
otkryvat': Our president has set up three new colleges.-- Nash prezident
osnoval tri novyh kolledzha; 3. sobirat', skladyvat': He is a talent. This
guy set up the new car.-- U etogo parnya talant. On sobral po vintiku svoyu
mashinu, kotoruyu razbil na proshloj nedele; 4. vydavat', pritvoryat'sya,
prikidyvat'sya: -- She set herself up to be a graduate of a medical college,
but she was not.-- Ona vydavala sebya za vypusknicu medicinskogo kolledzha, a
na samom dele eyu ne byla,-- rasskazyvaet Dzhejn o svoej podruge; 5. vyzyvat',
probuzhdat': Ocean tides are set up partly by the pull between the Earth and
Moon.-- Okeanskie otlivy, kak i prilivy, otchasti vyzvany vliyaniem na Zemlyu
Luny.
237
setup n. (udarenie na set) obstoyatel'stva, obstanovka, utryaska,
organizaciya, ustrojstvo (kakogo-nibud' dela): -- Oh, boy! You really got a
wonderful setup in your office! -- Ogo! U vas dejstvitel'no klassnaya
obstanovka v ofise! -- govorit Le Peshenu posetitel', vpervye perestupayushchij
porog ego kabineta.-- I'm not going work in such a set-up! -- YA v takoj
obstanovke ne sobirayus' rabotat'! -- razdrazhenno vstaet so svoego mesta
sekretarsha Lyusi: ee uzhe izryadno dostal besporyadok v kabinete komissara.
sewed up adj. predpolagaemyj pobeditel', favorit, a takzhe primerno to,
kak my govorim "delo sdelano", "shito-kryto": -- / thought I had tins game
sewed up but the Swede aced me.-- Mne kazalos', chto igra uzhe sdelana, no
etot. shvedskij paren' uryl menya,-- govorit rasstroennyj tennisist Sampras na
press-konferencii posle porazheniya.
shack up with v. phr. s®ezzhat'sya, sojtis' s kem-to: -- They are not
married yet. They just decided to shack up for a while.-- Net, oni poka ne
zhenaty,-- govorit kovboj Bill drugu Dzhonu o svoih novyh sosedyah,-- prosto
oni reshili pozhit' kakoe-to vremya vmeste.
shake a leg u. p hr. shevelis', sheveli porshnem, sheveli zadnicej, odnim
slovom, pospeshi: -- Come on! Shake a leg! We are late! -- Davaj zhe!
SHevelis'! My opazdyvaem! -- krichit Dzhonu Mik, kogda tot vse eshche ne reshil, v
chem zhe emu pojti v gosti: v shortah ili dzhinsah.
shake up v. informal volnovat'sya, suetit'sya: -- This news shook up all
the journalists.-- |ta novost' vspoloshila vseh zhurnalistov,-- govorit diktor
o rezkom padenii akcij na mezhdunarodnoj birzhe.
shakeup p. peretasovka, smena rukovodstva: -- Therefore it is not just
a rumour. There is a majorcabinet-level shake-up.-- Takim obrazom, sluhi
podtverdilis',-- govorit korrespondent televizionnyh novostej pro skandal na
krupnom voennom predpriyatii,-- sejchas v samom dele proishodit kapital'naya
smena rukovodstva.
238
shape up v. informal 1. nachinat' rabotu, pristupat': -- You should
begin to shape up if you don't want to leave the college.-- Vam nuzhno
vzyat'sya za um, esli ne hotite vyletet' iz kolledzha,-- ukoryaet uchitel'nica
otstayushchego studenta; 2. obeshchat': -- Yeah, your idea of this travel is
shaping up very well.-- Da, tvoya ideya s puteshestviem ochen' dazhe horosho
vpisyvaetsya v nashi plany,-- hlopaet po plechu Dzhona Mik.
shine up to v. proizvesti vpechatlenie, blesnut', prognut'sya: -- Don't
tell me what a shy boy you are! I know actually how much you try to shine up
to all the pretty girls! -- He nado mne rasskazyvat', kakoj ty u nas
skromnyaga! Uzh ya-to znayu, kak ty staraesh'sya prognut'sya pered kazhdoj
simpatichnoj devchonkoj! -- obryvaet Mik Dzhona posle togo, kak Dzhon popytalsya
umalit' svoi donzhuanskie sposobnosti.
shit n. der'mo. CHasto vosklicanie "shit!" perevoditsya i kak "chert!".
shoo-in n. informal to zhe primerno, chto i sewed up, t.e. favorit,
veroyatnyj pobeditel': -- You know Andy is a shoo-in to win the race.--
Znaesh', |ndi -- pervyj kandidat na pobedu v etoj gonke.
shoot one's wad (shoot one's load) v. phr. 1. tranzhirit', rastratit'
vse do kopejki: -- We got two days ofvacation but no money. We got shot our
wad.-- U nas eshche. dva dnya kanikul,-- govorit Mik Dzhonu v Las-Vegase, kuda
roditeli otpustili ih otdohnut',-- no my s toboj "goly kak sokoly"; 2.
vyskazat'sya polnost'yu o nabolevshem, sbrosit' gruz s plech, oblegchit' dushu: --
You know, I feel better now, when I've shot my load at the yesterday's
meeting.-- Znaesh', a ya sebya teper' dazhe luchshe chuvstvovat' stal. kak na
vcherashnem sobranii vyskazalsya obo vsem, chto nabolelo,-- udovletvorenno
govorit Le Peshen serzhantu Holduinu.
shoot the works v. phr. poluchit' libo otdat' spolna: -- Billy shot the
works when he bought his bike; he got a bell, a light, a basket, and chrome
trimmings on it too.-- Billi poluchil vse, chto tol'ko mozhno: tam i zvonok, i
fonar', i korzinka, i hromovaya otdelka. Povezlo emu,-- govorit Dzhon Miku ob
udachnoj pokupke velosipeda.
shoot up v. 1. bystro rasti kak na drozhzhah: -- I used to be a small boy
but at thirteen or fourteen I began to shoot up.-- V detstve ya byl
malen'kim,-- rasskazyvaet Mik,-- no vot gde-to v trinadcat' ili chetyrnadcat'
ya ochen' bystro vymahal; 2. prostrelit', perestrelyat': -- These drunk cowboys
shot up the barroom.-- V policiyu privodyat dvuh p'yanyh molodyh latinos. Na
vopros komissara Le Peshena, chto oni natvorili, Holduin otvechaet: -- |ti
p'yanye kovboi otkryli pal'bu pryamo v bare; 3. poyavlyat'sya krajne neozhidanno:
Flames shot up from the roof of the barn.-- Plamya neozhidanno poyavilos' nad
kryshej saraya; 4. shiryat'sya, upotreblyat' narkotiki: Ne is an acid-head. He
shoots up as often as he can.-- |tot paren' narkot. On shiryaetsya tak chasto,
kak tol'ko mozhet.
239
shore up v. podkreplyat', podderzhivat', podpirat': V'etnam. 1972 god.
Pozdnij osennij vecher. Liven'. Amerikanskie soldaty iz roty kapitana
Maknejla v. zadumchivosti stoyat na beregu reki, cherez kotoruyu sobirayutsya
perepravlyat'sya, a serzhant Timoti Timpson s dvumya soldatami iz razvedvzvoda
proveryaet, vyderzhit li most ih bronetehniku. A v rote Makneila tri
bronemashiny. Otplevyvayas' ot dozhdevyh struj, kapayushchih s kaski pryamo na guby;
serzhant podbegaet k kapitanu i dokladyvaet, nebrezhno kozyrnuv pravoj rukoj:
-- The water stream weakened the bridge, sir. It don't sound steady!-- Ser,
techenie podtochilo stojki mosta. On nenadezhen! - Well, sergeant, you must
shore it up with steel beams and sandbags until they rebuilt this fucking
bridge... -- Horosho, serzhant, -- otvechaet-kapitan.-- Vasha zadacha teper' --
ukrepit' stojki etogo trahnutogo mosta stal'nymi bochkami i meshkami s peskom
do teh por, poka ego normal'no ne pochinyat. Glavnoe, chtoby sejchas on nas
vyderzhal...
show off v. vypendrivat'sya, hvastat'sya: -- Hey look! Jane shows her new
dress off! -- Smotrite! Dzhejn krasuetsya svoim novym plat'em!
showoff n. (udarenie na show) vypendrezhnik, hvastun: -- You know
sometimes Mick talks big, but he's a stupid showoff.-- Nu da, inogda Mik
takogo mozhet nagovorit',-- vorchit Dzhon, kogda slyshit, chto Mik obeshchal Dzhejn
vzyat' ee s soboj puteshestvovat' v Evropu,-- no na samom dele on prosto
v'shendrezhnik.
show one's colors v. phr. pokazat' svoe istinnoe lico, sbrosit' masku:
Mickfor the first time looked timid and shy as a defence football, but lie
showed his colors in the first important match.-- Kogda Mik prishel v
komandu, to kazalsya dostatochno tihim i slishkom zastenchivym dlya zashchitnika, no
uzhe v pervoj ser'eznoj igre on pokazal, na chto sposoben.
show up v. 1. prihodit', poyavlyat'sya: Mick, John and Jane had agreed to
meet at the gym, but Johnney did not show up. -- Mik, Dzhejn i Dzhon
dogovorilis' vstretit'sya v sportivnom zale, no Dzhon tak i ne poyavilsya. Le
Pechen put the chemical on the paper and the fingertips showed up.-- Le
Peshen kapnul rastvor na bumagu, i na nej proyavilis' otpechatki pal'cev; 2.
proyasnyat' situaciyu, uznavat' pravdu: -- This man said that he was a taxi
driver but he was shown up as a fake.-- |tot tip skazal, chto on voditel'
taksi,-- komissar pokazyvaet serzhantu Holduinu fotografiyu prestupnika,-- no,
kak okazalos', on vral.
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show the door v. ukazat' na dver', t.e. vystavit' von, prognat': -- I
hate this guy. If I were you I would show him the door immediately.--
Nenavizhu etogo parnya,-- vozmushchaetsya Dzhejn, uznav, chto k Miku na den'
rozhdeniya pridet Maks, tak mnogo raz podstavlyavshij Mika, -- i na tvoem meste
ya by srazu, kak tol'ko on zayavitsya, ukazala emu na dver'.
shoot! (vosklicanie) inogda vmesto "shit".
shut off v. perekryvat' (kislorod), perezhimat' (shlang, dyhanie),
obrubat' (vse chto ugodno): -- Mick! Please shut off the hose! The grass
getting too wet!-- Mik! Pozhalujsta, perekroj vodu v shlange, trava na klumbe
uzhe mokraya!",-- krichit mama Mika, vidya, chto syn yavno otvleksya, zaboltavshis'
s Dzhejn.
shut-off i. perekrytie, ostanovka: -- Pgege was a water shutoff in the
house so I didn't wash anything. -- V dome otrubili vodu, poetomu ya nichego
ne myla,-- Dzhejn ob®yasnyaet svoej materi nalichie gor gryaznoj posudy, kotoraya
ostalas' posle vcherashnej vecherinki.
shut up v. zatykat'sya, zatknut'sya, "zatknis'!", zahlopyvat' (rot,
dver'): -- Shut up! -- Zatknites'! -- krichit na 'boltayushchih napereboj i horom
druzej Dzhon.
simpathize v. soboleznovat' (ne putat' s sushchestvitel'nym "simpathy" --
"simpatiya").
sissy n. plaksa. Tak obychno obzyvayut mal'chishku, kotoryj plachet, kak
devchonka.
sit up i. 1. prosizhivat' noch' naprolet (t.e. tak i ne lozhit'sya spat'):
Jane's father sat up until his daughter got home from the discotec.-- Otec
Dzhejn prosidel vsyu noch' do vozvrashcheniya dochki s.diskoteki; 2. tak i sest' (ot
udivleniya): Jane really sat up when she heard that gossip of Mick.-- Dzhejn
tak i sela, kogda uslyshala etu spletnyu o Mike.
skid row n. zaholust'e, nishchij rajon goroda.
sleaseball n. svoloch', padla, mraz', gnida.
slug n. pervoe znachenie etogo slova -- "sliznyak" ili "poteryavshaya domik
ulitka". Nu, a v prostonarod'e "slagom" nazyvayut shkalik, t.e. spirtnoe,
kotoroe mozhno chisto po-russki zalpom vypit'. Klassnye amerikancy parni.
Pochti kak russkie!
snow job n. informal delat' iz muhi slona, nagovorit' nevest' chego: --
Johnney is a real cool boy! He plays not only football, but ice hockey as
well, and he with his friend made up a rock music bund! -- Jonh just gave
you a snow job and you believed every word of his! -- Syuzi rasskazyvaet
podruzhke Mishel', chto poznakomilas' s Dzhonom poblizhe i uznala o tom, chto
pomimo futbola on eshche igraet v hokkej na l'du, a takzhe
organizovalrok-gruppu.-- Da Dzhon tebe prosto lapshi na ushi ponaveshal, a ty
poverila kazhdomu ego slovu! -- otvechaet revnivaya Mishel'.
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snow under v. obychno upotreblyaetsya v passive byt' zavalennym rabotoj,
byt' pogrebennym pod zakazami: After the Beatles appeared in the pants of
this firm the factory received so many orders that it was snowed under with
work.-- Posle togo, kak bitly vyshli na scenu v bryukah etoj firmy, fabrika
poluchila snezhnuyu lavinu zakazov na postavku takih zhe bryuk. Da, "Bitlz " v
svoe vremya diktovali modu i "muzyke, i v pricheskah, i v odezhde. Stoilo im
odnazhdy vyjti na scenu v shtroksovyh kostyumah, kak v Anglii problema plohoj
raskupaemosti shtroksa momental'no ischezla.
so help me interj. a vot eto vyrazhenie ne perevoditsya kak "pomogite
mne". |to budet -- klyanus', zub dayu...: Well, really, I've told you the pure
truth, so help me.-- Nu tochno zhe, ya tebe skazal chistuyu pravdu. CHtob mne
umeret'!
something else adv. tot eshche frukt, tot eshche tip: The guy is something
else.-- |tot paren' eshche tot gus'.
so long interj. poka, chao, privet, do vstrechi.
son of a gun n. phr. I. ublyudok: Fuck off! You, son of a gun!-- Poshel
ty! Ublyudok!; 2. neposeda (o rebenke): -- Stop it, you, little son of a gun.
-- Da prekrati zhe ty, neposeda malen'kij, -- razdrazhenno usazhivaet molodaya
mamasha svoego polzayushchego synishku; 3. problema, trudnaya zadachka: -- This is a
really son of a gun job.-- |to v samom dele hrenovaya rabotenka.-- govorit
kovboj Bill, pristupaya k ochistke territorii i glyadya, chto ponadelal s ego
ogorodom naletevshij uragan; 4. vosklicanie tipa nashego "Vo blin!": -- Son of
a gun! I missed my keys! -- Ely-paly! -- vosklicaet serzhant Holduin.-- YA
zabyl klyuchi ot mashiny!
son of a bitch / sunuvabitch / S. O. V. gruboe sukin syn.
spaced out adj. informal tormoznutyj, otmorozhennyj: -- What are you
talking about? Michael, you are really spaced out today! -- O chem ty
govorish', Majkl? Ty voobshche segodnya kakoj-to otmorozhennyj,-- ne mozhet ponyat'
naparnika komissar Le Peshen.
speak up/speak out v. 1. govorit' gromche: -- Please, speak up! --
Pozhalujsta, govori zhe chetche! -- prosit prepodavatel' chto-to nevnyatno
lepechushchego na ekzamene Dzhona; 2. podderzhivat': Joe spoke up for sergeant
Timpson as a company commander.-- Dzho govoril o serzhante Timpsone kak o
budushchem komandire roty (to bish' derzhal za nego slovo).
242
stamp out v. razrushat', likvidirovat', ustranyat': -- Our department is
trying hard to stamp out crime in our region.-- Nash otdel usilenno staraetsya
pokonchit' s prestupnost'yu v rajone,-- chitaet doklad komissar Le Peshen.
stamping ground n. informal mesto postoyannoj tusovki, postoyannogo ili
chastogo vremyapreprovozhdeniya: -- This small cafe and that McDonalds corner
are all of his old stamping grounds. -- |to malen'koe kafe i vot tot ugol
"Makdonal'dsa" -- eto postoyannye mesta, gde on tu suetsya,-- govorit Dzhon
Miku, kogda oba ishchut Boba, chtoby odolzhit' u nego klavishi dlya svoej
rok-gruppy.
stand by v. zhdat', byt' ryadom: -- Did you stand by me? No way! -- Ty
razve vsegda byla za menya? Nikogda!-- razbiraetsya paren' so svoej
devushkoj.-- Standby the flash traffic.-- Ozhidajte srochnuyu depeshu,-- slyshit
Timoti- Timpsop v naushnikah golos radista.
stand for v. 1. imet' znachenie, podrazumevat': -- The letters E.O.
stands for Executive Officer.-- Bukvy I. L. znachat Ispolnitel'noe Lico,--
ob®yasnyaet serzhant Holduin komissaru bukvy na ego novom znachke, gde
oboznacheny ego dolzhnost' i familiya. The letters U. S. A. standfor United
States of America. Bukvy S. SH. A. rasshifrovyvayutsya kak Soedinennye SHtaty
Ameriki; 2. podderzhivat': -- Our new boss stands for me.-- Nash novyj boss
menya podderzhivaet vo vsem,-- udovletvorenno zamechaet serzhantu komissar Le
Peshen.
stand off v. na rasstoyanii, derzhat'sya podal'she: -- Stand off this guy,
Johnney.-- Derzhis' podal'she ot etogo parnya, Dzhonni. New York Grey Hawks
wanted to be a new champions of the New England but East Beach Tigers stood
them off.-- "Serye YAstreby " N'yu-Jorka stremilis' stat' chempionami Novoj
Anglii, no "Tigry Vostochnogo Poberezh'ya" derzhali ih na rasstoyanii ot etogo
pochetnogo zvaniya.
stand over v. stoyat' nad dushoj, sledit': -- 7 hate the way my tot
stands over me during homework.-- Terpet' ne mogu, kogda moya mamasha stoit
nad dushoj, kogda ya delayu uroki.
stick up v. informal grabit', sovershat' nalet: V kabinete u Le Peshena
pozhilaya ledi rasskazyvaet, chto s nej proizoshlo:-- As soon as I left the bank
a man appeared and stuck me up! -- Kak tol'ko ya vyshla iz banka, kakoj-to
muzhchina poyavilsya peredo mnoj i ograbil, ugrozhaya pistoletom...
243
stick-up n. ograblenie, nalet: Le Peshej vezhlivo vyslushal damu (sm. chut'
vyshe) i sdelal umozaklyuchenie: "As far as I get it, that was a typical
stickup.-- Naskol'ko ya ponimayu, eto bylo tipichnoe ograblenie".
stick with v. informal 1. prodolzhat', ne ostanavlivat'sya, ne brosat':
Bill stuck with his work until night has came and the work was done.-- Bill
ne brosal rabotu do teh por, poka ne nastupila noch' i rabota ne byla,
nakonec, zavershena; 2. ne ostavlyat' kogo-libo: Will you stick with me until
the light.-- Ostan'sya so mnoj, pozhalujsta, do rassveta; 3. splavlyat'
chto-libo, t. e. prodavat' kakuyu-nibud' drebeden' kak horoshuyu veshch', spuskat':
-- Tins man wanted to stick me with a used car.-- |tot chelovek pytalsya
splavit' mne poderzhannuyu mashinu vmesto novoj,-- zhaluetsya zhena muzhu na
prodavca salona avtomobilej, kotoryj dejstvitel'no, pol'zuyas' bestolkovost'yu
zhenshchiny, pytalsya vsuchit' ej poderzhannuyu mashinu; 4. byt' broshennym, byt'
podstavlennym (obychno v passive): -- They told me they gonna to the bathroom
and ran out and I was stuck with paying for dinner.-- Oni skazali mne, chto
pojdut v tualet, a samiudrali. I vot prishlos' odnomu rasplachivat'sya za
obed,-- rasskazyvaet kovboj Bill svoemu drugu o neudachnoj popytke snyat' v
gorode dvuh smazlivyh devushek, kotorye nazakazyvali vsyakoj vsyachiny, a zatem,
poev, udrali.
stir up v. vyzvat', zateyat', zakrutit', zamutit': -- I think that only
Long Sam and his men could stir it up.-- Dumayu, chto takoe mogli uchudit'
tol'ko Dlinnyj Sem so svoimi rebyatami,-- vyskazyvaet predpolozhenie serzhant
Holduin, kogda Le Peshen sprashivaet ego, chto on dumaet po povodu ubijstva
glavarya odnoj shajki i ego dvuh telohranitelej.
stoned adj., adv. nashiryavshijsya, "pod gazom"(ili skorej "pod dymom"): --
Is he stoned?-- On chto, naklyukavshis'?-- sprashivaet Dzhejn u Mika na
diskoteke, ukazyvaya pal'cem na Dzhona, otmorozhenno stoyashchego v uglu zala.
stop off v. zaskakivat'(v bar, k primeru, po doroge domoj): After 6r.
t. we left the unit and then stopped off at the Moon And Stars before going
home. "Posle shesti vechera my pokinuli raspolozhenie chasti i zaskochili v pab
"Luna i Zvezdy " pered vozvrashcheniem domoj", pishet ob®yasnitel'nuyu zapisku
serzhant Timoti, popavshijsya na tom, chto prishel v rotu "pod gazom".
stop over v. zastrevat'(v tom zhe bare) nadolgo. Mick and John stopped
off the bar after classes before going home and then stopped over all night
there.-- Mik i Dzhon zaskochili posle zanyatij v bar i zastryali tam na ves'
vecher.
244
string along v. vodit' za nos, durit': Mick stringed along Jane but
didn't mean to marry her. -- Mik vodil za nos Dzhejn i ne myslil dazhe o
zhenit'be.
stuck on v. my govorim: "vlipnut' po ushi, vtreskat'sya v kogo-to"
(vlyubit'sya), amerikancy govoryat: "to stuck on somebody". -- She is so
beautiful! I am stuck on her! -- Ona takaya krasivaya! YA pryamo vlip po ushi! --
rasskazyvaet Dzhon Miku o svoem pervom svidanii s Syuzi.
stuff n. "staffom" mozhet byt' vse chto ugodno: 1. vse, chto lezhit v vashej
sumke: -- Didyou put all the stuff in your gym bag? -- Ty vse slozhil v svoyu
sumku?-- sprashivaet Mik Dzhona posle trenirovki, tak kak Dzhonni vechno chto-to
zabyvaet v razdevalke; 2. vse, chem ukomplektovan vash bronezhilet: -- I see
you don't have all the stuff, guy, you forgot something,-- Vizhu, chto u tebya
nepolnyj boekomplekt. . Koe-chto ty zabyl, priyatel',-- osmatrivaet Timoti
Timpson svoih kommandos pered desantirovaniem i vidit, chto u odnogo soldata
net za spinoj parashyuta; 3. vse, kto rabotayut v vashem ofise (shtat). -- Here
is a picture of our summer stuff. -- A vot fotografiya vseh, kto rabotal v
nashem lagere etim letom,-- govorit Dzhejn, protyagivaya druz'yam foto ee
detskogo lagerya otdyha, gde ona dve nedeli otrabotala instruktorom po
okazaniyu pervoj pomoshchi pri poreze pal'ca kolyuchkoj rozy; 4. material, iz
kotorogo sshit vash kostyum: -- Your suit stuff is worn out.-- SHerst' vashego
kostyumchika iznosilas',-- govorit vash portnoj na primerke, namekaya, chtoby vy
u nego zakupili novyj.
stuff v. 1 . kak glagol "staff" budet oznachat' zapolnenie etim samym
materialom (sm. chut' vyshe) sootvetstvuyushchih mest: sumku veshchami, ofis
rabotnikami, bronezhilet boekomplektom i t. d.: We should stuff the office
this year much better than in previous one.-- - V dannom sluchae eto
vyrazhenie, sootvetstvenno k momentu govoreniya, mozhno perevesti i kak "my
dolzhny obstavit' ofis v etom godu pokruche, chem v proshlom " i kak "my dolzhny
v etom godu nabrat' shtat poluchshe, chem v proshlom". -- We must stuff our
jackets with more canteens.-- My dolzhny vzyat' v svoj boekomplekt pobol'she
flyazhek s vodoj,-- sovetuet kapitanu serzhant Timoti ; 2. vrat', durit',
obmanyvat': -- We have to stuffour enemies.-- My dolzhny obmanut' nashih
vragov.
sucker n. soplyak, sosunok ili tot, kto chto-to soset: -- Smokers are
butt suckers! -- Kto kurit, tot soset der'mo! -- govorit studentam lektor.--
Get out of here, sucker! -- Poshel otsyuda, soplyak!
245
sucker list n. spisok prostofil', t. e. teh, kogo legko obdurit':
Kovboi Bill i Dzhon okonchatel'no ubedilis' v tom, chto traktor Billa u zhe
nikogda ne budet rabotat' tak, kak ran'she. Billi reshaet ego prodat'. Dzhon v
zadumchivosti cheshet zatylok i govorit: -- Yeah, it is good idea to sell it
off, but now, let's better make up a sucker list and think it over.-- M-da,
eto horoshaya ideya prodat' tvoyu ruhlyad', no davaj vnachale sostavim spisok teh
pridurkov, kotorye smogut eto kupit'...
sugar daddy n. sponsor. No tol'ko esli nashe slovo "sponsor" ne neset v
sebe nichego grubogo i neprilichnogo, to sugar daddy schitaetsya dostatochno
vul'garnym vyrazheniem, bud'te s nim poostorozhnej, ne proiznosite ego v
prisutstvii golubovolosyh domashnih hozyaek, a to pro vas podumayut nevest'
chto: -- You look fancy, Betty! Where did you get this new coat? Got a sugar
daddy you were looking for? -- Ogo, Betti, gde eto ty nadybala takuyu
koftochku? Vyglyadish' prosto blesk! Nebos', nashla sponsora?
sure adv. konechno, pozhalujsta: Thank you.-- Sure. Spasibo.--
Pozhalujsta.
sure thing n. ochevidnoe (i veroyatnoe), yasnoe, kak den': -- Don't you
think that we' re really gonna lose the game! - That's a sure thing! - Ty
dumaesh', chto my produem?-- sprashivaet Dzhon Mika po povodu predstoyashchego matcha
s sil'nym sopernikom. -- YAsnyj perec! -- otvechaet Mik.
swallow one's pride v. phr. my govorim: "spryatat' gordost' v kulak", a
amerikancy ee, to bish' gordost', prosto-naprosto proglatyvayut. Kak potom oni
ee dostayut? Neizvestno. Vse zhe kuda nadezhnej pryatat' v kulak (vse-taki
russkij muzhik hitree): The New York Rangers swallowed their pride and
smiling shook hands with Russian winners.-- Hokkeisty "N'yu-Jork Rejndzherz",
prinimaya u sebya moskovskij hokkejnyj klub CSKA, byli uvereny v pobede, no
produli russkim. I vot "Rejndzhery", spryatav svoyu gordost' v kulak i
ulybayas', zhmut ruki... Vozmozhno, vy udivlyaetes', chitaya napisannoe vyshe. No
eto sushchaya pravda. V nachale vos'midesyatyh CSKA navedyvalsya na "gastroli" v
Severnuyu Ameriku, vstrechayas' s sil'nejshimi klubami SSHA i Kanady, i ochen'
chasto vyigryval u samyh ser'eznyh sopernikov. To bylo zolotoe vremya
sovetskogo hokkeya. Nu, a sejchas "glotat' byluyu gordost'" dolzhny u zhe
hokkeisty CSKA. Vse techet, vse izmenyaetsya.
246
swear by v. 1. klyast'sya na chem-libo, chem-libo: A witness swore by the
Bible that he would tell the truth.-- Svidetel' poklyalsya na biblii, chto
budet govorit' tol'ko pravdu; 2. byt' uverennym na sto procentov: Now we can
be sure that Holdwin will come on time since commissar swears by him.--
Teper' my mozhem byt' uverennymi, chto Holduin pribudet vovremya, kol' sam
komissar poruchilsya za nego.
swear in v. prisyagnut': At the inauguration the Chief of Police swore
in the new President.-- Na inauguracii nachal'nik policii prisyagnul v
vernosti novomu prezidentu.
swear off v. informal otkazyvat'sya ot chego-to, zhertvovat' chem-to: -- 1
swore offcandy until lost five pounds.-- YA otkazalas' ot vsyakih ledencov,
poka ne skinula pyat' lishnih funtov vesa,-- -rasskazyvaet Dzhejn svoej
podruzhke, stradayushchej ot polnoty. A takih v Amerike, pover'te mne, nemalo.
swear out v. vyprosit', poluchit' oficial'noe razreshenie, vyzhat',
vytrebovat': -- Finally I swore out a search warrant! -- Nakonec-to ya
poluchil razreshenie ustanovit' nablyudenie za domom! -- radostno ob®yavlyaet
komissar Le Peshen, vhodya v kabinet.
sweat blood v. phr. 1. sil'no bespokoit'sya, perevolnovat'sya,
"peretusovat'sya": The engine of the airplane with Elvis on board acted up
and the pilot sweated blood as he glided to a safe landing. - Samolet, na
kotorom letel molodoj korol' rok-n-rolla |lvis Presli, stal barahlit', i
pilot prilichno ponervnichal, poka sazhal ego na posadochnuyu polosu; 2. pahat',
sil'no rabotat': Paul sweated blood to finish his album recording by time of
the tour.-- Polu prishlos' popotet', chtoby zavershit' zapis' svoego al'boma do
zaplanirovannyh gastrolej.
sweat out v. informal ozhidat' s neterpeniem: -- Relax guys! The help's
coming! - Uspokojtes'! Pomoshch' uzhe podhodit! -- krichit po racii Holduin
terpyashchim bedstvie. So the men in the boat just had to sweat it out.-- Tak
chto lyudyam na yahte teper' tol'ko i ostavalos', chto s neterpeniem zhdat'
obeshchannoj spasatel'noj komandy.
switched on adj. 1. v strue (po mode): -- I dig Mick, he is a really
switched on.-- Mne tak nravitsya Mik! On v samom dele
paren'-po-poslednej-mode; 2. nashiryavshijsya (narkotikami): -- I can't
understand you! Are you switched on? -- YA ne mogu tebya ponyat'! Ty chto,
nashiryalsya, chto li?
247
t
tail between one's legs n. phr. s opushchennymi nizhe kolen rukami (ot
dosady), slovno opushchennyj v vodu: Mick and John lost the baseball game to
the other college team and came home with their tails between their legs.--
Mik i Dzhon "slili" match v bejsbol komande iz drugogo kolledzha i prishli
domoj, slovno opushchennye v vodu.
take a shine to v. phr. proizvodit' vpechatlenie, blistat': Mick took a
shine to the new teacher of History.-- Mik blesnul znaniyami pered novym
uchitelem istorii.
take in v. 1. pojti posmotret' (fil'm): -- Let's lake in a movie.--
Davajte shodim v kino; 2. umen'shat', ukorachivat', urezat' (tkan',
kostyumchik): -- This size should be taken in a bit.-- |tot razmerchik nuzhno
chutok ushit',-- sovetuet serzhant Holduin, razglyadyvaya svoego nachal'nika v
novom kostyume; 3. v passive byt' obdurennym: -- Fuck! I'm taken in! -- Blin!
Menya naduli! Kak pacana! -- sokrushaetsya komissar, upustiv prestupnikov,
kotorye ego naduli, kak pacana; 4. poluchat': "After this action we took in
180$.-- Provedya etu akciyu, my sobrali 180 dollarov"; 5. vpustit' (naprimer,
ustalyh putnikov): Kovboi Billi i Dzhonni sidyat i potyagivayut pivo, a v dver'
vse vremya kto-to stuchit.-- Well, Billy take 'em in.-- Nu ladno. Billi, davaj
ih vpustim; 6. proyavlyat' vnimanie, interes: -- Whatever this stupid thing
tells yah, you take it all in.-- CHto by tebe eta durochka ni govorila, ty
vechno s takim vnimaniem ee slushaesh'! -- Bill uprekaet druga-podkabluchnika za
bezogovorochnoe podchinenie zhene.
take it easy v. "ne beri do golovy", "naplyuj na eto!", "otnesis' k
etomu proshche!": -- Take it easy, John.-- He beri do golovy, Dzhon,.--
uspokaivaet Mik druga i hlopaet ego po plechu -- Dzhonni razdosadovan posle
neudachnogo svidaniya s devushkoj.
take off v. 1. smyt'sya, ubezhat', "sdelat' nogi": -- Did you see them
good?-No, they took off fast. - Ty ih razglyadel?-- sprashivaet komissar Le
Peshen serzhanta Holduina, podbegaya k mestu, gde tol'ko chto proizoshlo
ograblenie i gde pervym okazalsya serzhant.-- Net,-- otvechaet Holduin,-- ne
uspel. Oni bystro smylis'; 2. uletat': Police helicopter look off the ground
and lifted straight up.-- Policejskij vertolet vzletel i stal rezko
podnimat'sya vverh; 3. brat' vyhodnoj, otprashivat'sya: My little doughter is
sick so I'm gonna take off tomorrow.-- Moya dochurka pribolela, tak chto ya
sobirayus' zavtra vzyat' otgul.
248
take off n. 1. vzlet (samoleta ili vertoleta, mozhno i kovra-samoleta):
We had a smooth take off.-- My plavno vzleteli; 2. parodiya: / love the way
he does take off on Bill Clinton speach.-- Mne zhutko nravitsya, kak on
parodiruet Billa Klintona.
take on v. 1. nabirat', zagruzhat': The truck was taking on fabric to
carry for sale. Gruzovik zagruzhalsya tkan'yu, chto prednaznachalas' na prodazhu;
2. priobretat', nachinat' priobretat': -- After Crag Smalensky joined the
play it took on the look of an ice battle! -- I vot posle vyhoda na led
Krega Smolenski igra stala priobretat' vid ledovogo poboishcha! -- krichit
kommentator hokkejnogo matcha, vidya, kak u borta dva hokkeista voltuzyat drug
druga; 3. nanyat' na rabotu, dat' rabotu: This program is a new and we're
gonna take on a staff for that.-- |ta programma eshche sovsem novaya, i my
tol'ko sobiraemsya nabrat' rabotnikov; 4. volnovat'sya, perezhivat',
nervnichat': -- The news is not very cool but please, only without taking on
like crasy.-- Novost' ne iz priyatnyh, no tol'ko bez isterik,-- govorit muzh
zhene, podgotavlivaya ee k tomu, chto on ostavil v kazino 1000$.
take out v. phr. a vot eto vyrazhenie mozhet byt' ispol'zovano uzh sovsem
ne tak, kak mozhet pokazat'sya s pervogo raza. Take out -- zapolnyat' chto-to,
chto-to potrebovat' i poluchit', oformlyat': Billy and Lucy took out a marriage
licence.-- Billi i Lyusi poluchili (ili oformili) anketu dlya novobrachnyh.
take over v. 1. kontrolirovat': -- Calm down! We take over the
situation! -- Uspokojtes'! My derzhim vse pod kontrolem! -- dokladyvaet
komissar Le Peshen po racii meru goroda iz zdaniya, zahvachennogo terroristami;
2. brat' otvetstvennost' na sebya: -- I'm a boss so I take it over,-- govorit
komissara chto perevoditsya neprivychno dlya nashego uha: -- YA nachal'nik, ya i
otvechu za vse. (I tut... komissar prosypaetsya v holodnom potu: "CHego tol'ko
ne prisnitsya!"); 3. odalzhivat', perenimat', prinimat': -- Modern Chinese
took over a lot of European ways of life.-- Sovremennye kitajcy perenyali
mnogoe ot evropejskogo obraza zhizni. Now they ' re taking over the way of
death.-- A teper' oni perenimayut evropejskij obraz smerti,-- grustno govoril
mne moj kitajskij drug CHi Vej, chitaya v zhurnale statistiku smertej
kuril'shchikov v YAponii i Kitae.
take-over n. putch, perevorot: Bill provodit svoj otpusk v afrikanskoj
strane i zvonit po telefonu drugu Dzhonu iz otelya: -- 1't fine! Only this
country is not! Actually there's another take-over over here! -- Spasibo, so
mnoj vse v poryadke! Vot tol'ko ne vse v poryadke s etoj stranoj! Tut, mezhdu
prochim, ocherednoj perevorot!
249
take the rap v. phr. poluchit', othvatit' po zaslugam, byt' nakazannym:
-- It's might have been funny but not funny at all! I'm the only took the
rap!-- |to moglo byt' smeshno, no eto ne smeshno! -- vozmushchaetsya Dzhon.--
Kazhetsya, chto tol'ko mne odnomu dostalos' za vseobshchie prodelki!
take the words out of one's mouth v. phr. "sorvat' s konchika yazyka", t.
e. skazat' to, chto kto-to tol'ko chto sobiralsya skazat': Mik i Dzhon mnutsya,
ne znaya, kak poznakomit'sya s Dzhejn, krasivoj devushkoj, tak ponravivshejsya
Miku.-- |j, poslushaj! -- krichit ej na peremenke Dzhon.-- My sobiraemsya na
uik-end poehat' v kemping s klassom. Poehali s nami. Moj drug Mik tozhe hochet
tebya priglasit'. - A pochemu zhe togda ne priglashaet? -- ulybaetsya Dzhejn.--
Sorry, but J ohn just took the words from my mouth.-- Izvini,-- krasneet
Mik,-- no Dzhon prosto sorval u menya s yazyka priglashenie.
take to v. 1. pojti, bystro pristupit' k chemu-libo: -- This winter
let's take to the hills.-- Davaj etoj zimoj rvanem v gory,-- mechtatel'no
govorit Dzhonu Mik, vspominaya, kak v proshlom godu oni katalis' na gornyh
lyzhah i pri etom Dzhon kubarem letel so sklona: 2. pristupat' k rabote,
zasest' za rabotu: -- Where are Le Pechen and Holdwin?- They took to
reparing the car. -Gde Le Peshen i Holduin? -- - sprashivaet policejskij u
sekretarshi komissara Lyusi.-- Oni pristupili k remontu mashiny,-- otvechaet
devushka; 3. bystro i legko uchit', "toptat' nauku": -- My dad tried to teach
me to speak German but I didn 't take to it.-- Moj papasha pytalsya menya
nauchit' nemeckomu, no ya nikak ne vrubalsya v etot durnoj yazyk,-- vspominaet
svoj pyatyj klass Dzhon; 4. srazu privyazat'sya, priglyanut'sya: -- I don't know
why but I always take to children quickly.-- He znayu pochemu,-- govorit Dzhejn
Miku, kogda on provozhaet ee do detskogo sada, otkuda ego gerl-frend dolzhna
zabrat' sosedskogo rebenka,-- no k detyam ya momental'no privyazyvayus'.
take to the cleaners v. phr. obodrat', kak lipku, vyigrat' vse den'gi u
sopernika: -- Don't play with Bob or better watch out if you play poker with
him. He'll take you to the cleaners.-- He igraj s Bobom ili zhe bud'
vnimatelen s nim v pokere. |tot paren' obchistit tebya kak lipku.
take up v. 1. zapolnyat', zanimat': -- To take her out from home
tonight? Come off it! A II her nights are taken up with studies! -- Vytashchit'
ee iz doma segodnya vecherom?! Da bros' ty! Vse ee vechera zanyaty urokami i
zubrezhkoj,-- otvechaet Dzhon Miku na predpolozhenie poslednego vzyat' s soboj na
diskoteku simpatichnuyu Rebekku; 2. sobirat', kollekcionirovat': -- We are
taking up a collection to buy a new nice T-shirt for John. K Bobu podoshla
Dzhejn, sobirayushchaya den'gi. Na vopros, na chto idet sbor, ona otvechaet: -- My
sobiraem den'gi na novuyu krasivuyu majku dlya Dzhona. (Vchera Dzhon stal geroem
dnya. V igre s zaezzhim kanadskim studencheskim futbol'nym klubom "Klenovye
razbojniki" on zanes pobednyj tachdaun. No pri etom moshchnye zashchitniki kanadcev
razorvali ego majku. Vot direktor shkoly i posovetoval otblagodarit' Dzhona.);
3. ubirat' (hotya kazhetsya, chto take up oznachaet sovsem dazhe naoborot): The
Tigers coach had taken up his licence and gone from the team.-- Byvshij
trener "Tigrov" lishilsya svoej trenerskoj licenzii i ushel iz komandy; 4.
nachinat': -- OK, boys, let's take up!-- Nu horosho, mal'chiki, davaj nachnem!
-- govorit novyj trener "Tigrov" pered trenirovkoj; 5. ukorachivat',
podtyagivat': -- The tailor suggested me to take up the legs of the
trousers.-- Zakrojshchik posovetoval mne chut' ukorotit' dlinu bryuk,-- govorit
Mik, demonstriruya svoj vypusknoj kostyum.-- Take up the slack on the rope,
idiot! -- Podtyani kanat, idiot! -- krichit odin al'pinist drugomu. Nu, esli
chestno, to lichno ya by v gory s amerikanskim al'pinistom ne poshel by. Uzh
ochen' oni bol'shie individualisty, a v gorah s takimi trudno, tam nuzhno
dejstvovat' druzhnoj komandoj, pomogat' i vyruchat'; 6. vzyat', brat',
prinimat', vosprinimat' chej-to sovet, vnimat' pros'be: -- Well, alright,
I'll take you up on your offer to drive me back.-- Nu horosho, ya prinimayu
vashe predlozhenie otvezti menya nazad,-- lyubezno soglashaetsya s komissarom
Holduin, razbivshij svoyu mashinu.
250
talk back v. ogryzat'sya: -- So many times I told you, never talk back
to Ivon. -- Skol'ko raz ya tebe govoril, nikogda ne zavodis' s Ajvonom.
talk down v. 1. peregovarivat' (zagovarivat', zaglushat'): -- Ty znaesh',
prepod -- samyj nastoyashchij fanat anglijskoj i amerikanskoj literatury. Lyubit
govorit', a ne slushat'. But I talked him down.-- Nu, a ya ego peregovoril; 2.
zadolbat', t.e. govorit' dolgo i nudno o tom, chto i tak vse znayut: --
Glavnoe -- podavat' komandy na pelengovanie. Potomu chto komandy na
pelengovanie -- eto glavnoe...,-- chekanit major shagi pered stroem, a sosed
Timoti, zakatyvaya glaza, shepchet Timpsonu na uho: -- Gosh, he talked me
down!-- Bozhe, kak on zanudil!
251
talk into v. ubezhdat', ugovarivat': -- Shit! -- Bill nedovol'no
povorachivaetsya k Dzhonu.-- You talked me into coming here. Now get me out! --
CHert! Ty menya ugovoril prijti syuda. Teper' uvodi!
talk out v. vyskazyvat'sya: Komissar Le Peshen doprashivaet prestupnika i
cherez kazhdoe slovo perebivaet ego, zadaet navodyashchie voprosy, pytayas' tem
samym ulichit' parnya vo lzhi. Serzhant Majkl sidit na krayu stola i nablyudaet.
On nichego ne ponimaet iz sbivchivogo doprosa.-- Slushajte, boss,-- govorit
Holduin.-- What about just to let him talk out? -- A chto esli prosto dat'
emu vyskazat'sya?
tell off v. otbrit', v smysle: otrugat' kogo-to, otchitat': -- Don't you
want to say the boss told you off?-- He hochesh' li ty skazat', chto nash boss
tebya otbril? -- ulybaetsya serzhant Holduin, vstrechaya mrachnogo komissara Le
Peshena.
tell it to Sweeny, tell your story to marines "horosh lapshu na ushi
veshat'", "rasskazhi eto komu-nibud' drugomu".
there's no sun shine come through one's ass "svet klinom na nem (nej)
ne soshelsya": -- Stop missing her so hard! There's no sun shine come through
her ass! -- Da prekrati zhe ty tak po nej toskovat'! Svet klinom na nej ne
soshelsya. (A doslovno: "Solnce cherez ee zadnicu ne svetit".)
the score n. pravda, sol' (v smysle: sut'): Not every one knows the
score of this story.-- Daleko ne kazhdyj znaet pravdu vo vsej etoj istorii.
think over v. obmozgovyvat': -- It is very serious proposal. I should
think it over.-- |to ser'ezno,-- cheshet zatylok Mik, kogda emu predlozhili na
kanikulah poehat' v Meksiku, zanyat'sya chut'-chut' kontrabandoj sigaret, no
zato za mesyac zarabotat' tysyachu dollarov. -- YA dolzhen vse eto obmozgovat'.
think piece n. 1. mozgi, izviliny, seroe veshchestvo, koroche, to. chem
sobralsya "mozgovat'" Mik, razdumyvaya nad predlozheniem pronyrlivogo
kolledzhskogo druzhka Daga: -- O'kay, o'kay,-- otvechaet Dag,-- think it over,
man. Guess you got bright think piece, -O'kej, o'kej, obmozguj, priyatel'.
Dumayu, chto izviliny u tebya normal'nye,-- podtalkivaet Mika Dag; 2. eshche think
piece mozhet oznachat' kakuyu-nibud' televizionnuyu peredachu ili gazetnuyu
stat'yu, vyzvavshuyu diskussiyu, zastavivshuyu dumat', perezhivat'.
think up v. pridumat', dodumat'sya, najti reshenie: -- I tought up a
coolplan.-- YAtut dodumalsya do odnogo klassnogo plana.-- govorit serzhant
Holduin komissaru Le Peshenu po povodu operacii zamanivaniya torgovcev
narkotikami v lovushku.
252
throw a curve v. phr. podstavlyat', predavat': -- Fuck you! You threw me
a curve! -- Vashu mat'! -- krichit po racii Timoti Timpson, popav pod sil'nyj
ogon' "charli".-- Vy menya podstavili!".
throw to the wolves v. phr. to zhe, chto i "throw a curve". Serzhant
Timpson mog by s uspehom (esli eto, konechno, pomoglo- by) skazat': -- You
threw me to the wolves! -- Vy brosili menya v samoe peklo!
throw up v. rvat', toshnit'.
throw up one's hands v. phr. opuskat' ruki, sdavat'sya: Serzhant hot' i
popal v zasadu k "charli", no he didn 't throw up his hands i s chest'yu vyshel
iz boya.
thru amerikanskoe napisanie predloga "through".
tie down v. zaderzhivat', ne davat', uderzhivat' kogo-to ot chego-to (na
vash vzglyad, nehoroshego ili'nesvoevremennogo): -- Unfortunately I can't go
with you. My sick little brother ties me down.-- K sozhaleniyu, ya ne mogu
poehat' s vami,-- govorit Dzhejn Miku na ego predlozhenie provesti uik-end za
gorodom,-- moj bol'noj mladshij bratishka privyazal menya na eti vyhodnye k
domu.
tie. in v. svyazat'sya, imet' otnoshenie, zavyazyvat'sya (v smysle
otnoshenij); chasto upotreblyaetsya vmeste s with: The teacher sometimes gives
composit ions that tie in with things we are studying in the other
classes.-- Inogda uchitel' ob®yasnyaet material, imeyushchij otnoshenie k tomu, chto
my uchili na drugih urokah.
tied to the mother's apron strings "derzhat'sya za materinskuyu yubku",
t.e. zaviset' ot materi, buduchi uzhe vzroslym.
tie one's hand v. phr. "povyazat' po rukam i nogam", t. e. meshat', ne
dat' shansa: -- My hands are tied. I can do nothing,-- Menya povyazali porukam
i nogam, ya nichego ne mogu sdelat',-- zhaluetsya serzhantu Holduinu komissar Le
Peshen posle resheniya rukovodstva lishit' ego prava zanimat'sya delom o
rassledovanii ogrableniya banka.
tie up v. 1. ostanavlivat', perekryvat', zablokirovyvat': -- The
traffic jammed! Three trucks crash tied up all traffic in the East Side 73!
-- Zdes' avariya! -- krichit serzhant Holduin v raciyu,-- tri gruzovika
stolknulis' i perekryli vse dvizhenie! 2. privyazyvat', v smysle otnyat' pochti
vse vremya: -- This fucking meeting at the boss tied me up until seven! --
|to chertovo sobranie u bossa v kabinete proderzhalo menya azh do semi! --
govorit v trubku svoej devushke serzhant Holduin; 3. vstupit' kuda-libo,
svyazat'sya s kem-libo: -- We decided to tie up with this company to support
our show.-- My reshili zavyazat' kontakt s etoj kompaniej, chtoby hot' kak-to
podderzhat' nashe shou; 4. ogranichivat', predohranyat': -- My money is tied up
in Switzland.-- Moi den'gi nadezhno hranyatsya v shvejcarskom banke; 5.
zakanchivat', zavershat': -- Well, boys, I think the talk is tied up let's
start doing things.-- Ladno, rebyatki, na etom zavyazhem nashi razgovory, i
davajte vse zajmemsya delom,-- govorit glavar' shajki naletchikov na yuvelirnye
magaziny.
253
time off p. vyhodnye: -- I'm free right now. I have a time off. -- YA
absolyutno svoboden. U menya sejchas vyhodnoj.
to a man adv. phr: bez isklyucheniya, edinoglasno: Every one voted to a
man to elect new leader.-- Vse edinoglasno progolosovali za izbranie novogo
lidera.
to and fro adv. phr. vzad-vpered, tuda-syuda: Mick pushed Jane in the
cawing and she went to and fro.-- Mik shvatil v tance Dzhejn, i ona
zadvigalas' vzad-vpered. John walked to and fro as waiting for Mick phone
call.-- Ozhidaya zvonka ot Mika, Dzhon hodil po komnate iz ugla v ugol.
to a T adv. phr. do melochej, do osnovaniya, sovershenno, skrupulezno,
chiki-piki: -- Her name is Judy but her nickname Darky suited her to a T.--
Ee zovut Dzhudi,-- govorit Dzhon Miku o svoej novoj znakomoj,-- no ee klichka
CHernushka kak nel'zya luchshe ej podhodit.
to-be adj. vot-vot, pochti uzhe: Everybody knows Jane is your
bride-to-be.-- Da vse u zhe davno znayut, chto Dzhejn tvoya bez minuty nevesta.
to boot adv. v dopolnenie, vdobavok: -- Johnney not only got fifty
dollars but they bought him a snack to boot.-- Dzhonni ne tol'ko zarabotal 50
dollarov, no vdobavok ego eshche besplatno nakormili,-- govorit Dzhejn Miku o
tom, kak udachno krutanulsya Dzhon.
to date adj. adv. phr. do segodnyashnego dnya, do nastoyashchego vremeni: --
To date ten students have been accepted into the school. -- K nastoyashchemu
momentu desyat' chelovek uzhe zachisleny v shkolu,-- govorit rektor na sobranii.
to death adv. phr. informal do upora, do predela: -- You scaredme to
death.-- Ty napugal menya do smerti,-- ele perevodit dyhanie Dzhejn, kogda
strashnye shagi za derev'yami okazalis' shagami ee boj-frenda Mika. His story
bored me to death.-- Ego rasskaz utomil menya do smerti.
Tom, Dick, and Harry i. phr. lyudi, narod. Vidimo, tot, kto pridumal etu
idiomu, schital, chto Tom, Dik i Harri -- samye populyarnye v narode imena: It
is very old joke and you told it to every Tom, Dick and Harry.-- |to staraya
shutka, a ty rasskazyvaesh' ee chut' li ne kazhdomu.
254
tone down v. tonom potishe, ponizit' golos, poubavit' gromkost' ili
svet, snizit' cenu, "govori tishe", "ne tak gromko", "nel'zya li potishe", a
gromche nel'zya? (s ironiej, estestvenno): -- Please tone down TV.--
Pozhalujsta, sdelaj potishe,-- prosit Mika ego mama.-- I wanna make bright
colors toned down.-- YA by hotela, chtoby cveta byli ne takimi yarkimi,--
govorit zakazchica predstavitelyu shvejnoj fabriki. -- We'd like to tone down
high pay for transportation. -- My by hoteli nemnogo snizit' rascenki za
transportirovku gruza,-- govorit odin torgovyj predstavitel' drugomu.
to no avail/of no avail adv. phr. bez pol'zy, bez vsyakogo effekta, nol'
emocij: -- 1 think your practice was of no avail.-- Vizhu, chto tvoya praktika
proshla bez pol'zy, -- govorit uchitel' Dzhonu, kogda 'tot, nesmotrya na
dopolnitel'nye zanyatiya po fizike, tak i ne smog ispravit' svoyu trojku.
top banana n. informal boss, nachal'nik, shishka, glavar': -- Who is the
top banana in this outfit?-- Policejskie vryvayutsya na podpol'nuyu shodku
mafii, ukladyvayut vseh na pol, a komissar Le Peshen sprashivaet groznym
golosom; -- A nu, kto glavar' etoj shajki?
to scale adv. phr. v teh zhe proporciyah, tochno po forme, no ne
obyazatel'no po razmeru: Mick drew the map of the island to scale, making one
inch stands for three miles.-- Mik sdelal kartu ostrova tochno v proporciyah:
odin dyujm na tri mili.
toss off v. 1. osushit', zaglotnut', bystro vypit': Cowboy Billy tossed
off three drinks and left the saloon. -- Kovboj Bill osushil tri stakanchika i
pokinul salun; 2. "otmochit' korku", prikalyvat'sya, yumorit', legko i
neprinuzhdenno govorit', boltat', rabotat' yazykom: -- Mick is a wit guy.
During the party he tossed off smart remarks.-- Mik dejstvitel'no ochen'
ostroumnyj paren',-- govorit svoej podruge Dzhejn,-- v techenie vsego vechera
on takoe otmachival i klassno prikalyvalsya.
to the bone adv. phr. "do kostej" po-amerikanski -- eto do iznemozheniya,
v dosku, vusmert': Komissar Le Peshen otkidyvaetsya na stule i v iznemozhenii
govorit: -- Enough! I am exhausted! I've worked my fingers to the bones!--
Vse! Dostatochno! YA ustal! YA ster pal'cy do kostej! -- i komissar otodvigaet
v storonu mashinku, na kotoroj pechatal otchet o prodelannoj rabote.
tough cat p. kotyara, plejboj, kazanova, koroche, tot, kto mozhet bystro
ohmurit' pust' i ne vseh, no mnogih zhenshchin.
255
tripped out adj. informal okolpachennyj, tormoznutyn, shizanutyj,
otklyuchennyj: What didu ah telling me yesterday? I could not dig it cause you
sounded too tripped out.-- CHto ty mne vchera .govoril? YA nichego ne ponyal. Ty
byl kakoj-to otmorozhennyj.
tug of war p. peretyagivanie kanata: "It's a tug of war..." -- pel Pol
Makkartni v pesne "Peretyagivanie kanata" ("Tug of War") iz odnoimennogo
al'boma 1982 goda, posvyashchennogo Dzhonu Lennonu, druzhba s kotoryj oborvalas'
srazu posle raspada "Bitlz". V etoj pesne Pol namekal na bespoleznoe i
glupoe sopernichestvo mezhdu nim i Dzhonom vse 10 let posle raspada "Bitlz",
vplot' do gibeli Dzhona Lennona 8 dekabrya 1980 goda.
tune up v. podhodit', podstraivat', nastraivat' (i ne tol'ko
muzykal'nyj instrument): Paul tuned up his guitar. - Pol nastroil gitaru.
turn in v. lozhit'sya spat', idti na bokovuyu: -- OK, boys, I'm pretty
tired today so gonna turn in right now.-- Nu ladno, rebyata, segodnya ya
prilichno ustal, tak chto pojdu prilyagu.
turn off v. 1. vyklyuchat': -- Turn the music off! -- Vyklyuchi zhe svoyu
muzyku! -- krichit babushka vnuku: magnitofon oret na ves' dom; 2. perehodit',
uhodit', menyat': -- Well, Michael, turn off the highway at exit 7. - Tak,
Majkl,-- govorit po racii komissar Le Peshen svoemu naparniku,-- vyhodi so
skorostnogo shosse po sed'momu puti"; 3. nadoedat', zadrat', dostat'
kogo-libo svoej tupiznoj, svoim povedeniem ili zhe vneshnim vidom: -- I ain't
gonna explain to you anything any more! You turned off! -- YA tebe bol'she
nichego ne budu ob®yasnyat'! Ty menya. uzhe dostal! Ponyal? -- krichit komissar na
Holduina.
turn on v. 1. vklyuchat': -- Turn on the light.-- Vklyuchi svet,-- prosit
Dzhejn Mika; 2. stanovit'sya, delat'sya, podklyuchat'sya, no uzhe ne kasatel'no
elektropriborov, kak v pervom sluchae, a samomu: -- Please do that, Jane. I
know you can turn on the charm with men.-- Pozhalujsta, sdelaj to, chto ya tebya
proshu,-- ugovarivaet Mik Dzhejn podlizat'sya k novomu prepodavatelyu po
literature, chtoby on otpustil ih s lekcii,-- ya zhe znayu, kakoj ocharovatel'noj
ty mozhesh' byt' s muzhchinami"; 3. proyavlyat' bol'shoj interes, ispytyvat'
ogromnoe udovol'stvie, tashchit'sya: -- The "Doors" music always turns me on.--
YA vsegda baldeyu pod "Doorz",-- govorit Dzhon, protyagivaya sigaretu s
marihuanoj Miku, kogda oba vypendrezha radi probuyut etot legkij narkotik pod
narkotiches-ki-zavorazhivayushchij vokal Dzhima Morrisona ; 4. vovlekat',
poznakomit' s chem-libo: -- Paul turned me on to smoking this and I' ve been
feeling great! -- |to Pol priuchil menya,-- govorit Dzhon, kivaya na sigaretu
marihuany,-- i ya sebya dejstvitel'no oshchushchayu klassno; 5. napadat', atakovat':
-- Everything is O'kay, seargent. I only worry about charlies would t urn on
us.-- If they turn on we would turn them off... - Vse normal'no,-- kapitan
Maknejl osmatrivaet razbityj soldatami Timoti Timpsona lager' na polyanke
sredi dzhunglej,-- ya vot tol'ko volnuyus', kak by eti "charli "(v'etkongovcy)
ne napali na nas. - Kak napadut, tak i otpadut, " -- usmehaetsya serzhant
Timpson. I verno. Ego lager' nadezhno ohranyaetsya i horosho zashchishchen.
256
turn one's head v. phr. "krysha poehala": -- The first more or less
pretty girl Paul sees turnes his head.-- Kak tol'ko poyavlyaetsya bolee-menee
simpatichnaya devaha, u Pashi edet krysha,-- smeetsya |ndryu, rasskazyvaya svoim
druz'yam Miku i Dzhonu pro druga po muzykal'nomu kolledzhu.
turn one's stomach v. phr. toshnit' ot kogo-to ili chego-to: -- Will you
lake away this fucking cigar. It turns my stomach.-- He mog by ty vybrosit'
eti durackie sigary? Menya ot ih zapaha pryamo vorotit,-- govorit serzhant
Holduin.
turn out v. 1. uhodit' (samomu ili kogo-to), ischezat': -- Then tu boss
turned me out of the office. -- Zatem moj boss vystavil menya von iz ofisa,--
rasskazyvaet Bill pro nachalo svoej trudovoj deyatel'nosti ; 2. vyvorachivat':
Looking for the key he turned out his pockets.-- V poiskah klyucha on vyvernul
vse svoj karmany; 3. delat': -- This printing machine turns out thousand
books an hour.-- |tot print raspechatyvaet tysyachu knig v chas,-- govorit
milovidnaya bryunetka, reklamiruya produkciyu svoej (estestvenno!) kompanii; 4.
vstavat', prosypat'sya: -- It is the Army. guys. Now you gotta turn out early
every day.-- |to armiya, rebyata,-- ob®yasnyaet novobrancam serzhant morskoj
pehoty Timoti Timpson,-- teper' vy kazhdyj den' budete vstavat' ochen' rano;
5. okazat'sya, poluchit'sya: These awful steps turned out to be a small dog. --
|tot uzhasnyj topot, razdavavshijsya v temnote parka, vyzyvala vsego lish'
malen'kaya sobachka, begayushchaya nepodaleku; 6. pojti posmotret': -- Every one in
the city seems to turn out for the show! -- Kazhetsya, chto vse zhiteli goroda
prishli na eto shou! -- radostno krichit televedushchij, obozrevaya prazdnichnoe
shou, ustroennoe odnim iz kandidatov v prezidenty vo vremya predvybornoj
kampanii; 7. vyklyuchat': -- You better turn out the light.-- Tebe by luchshe
vyklyuchit' svet,-- govorit Dzhejn, kogda oni s Mikom celuyutsya v ego komnate
pri yarkom svete lampy.
257
turn over v. 1. perevorachivat', vrashchat', vertet', katat': -- Turn over
the page! -- Perevernite stranicu! 2. podumat', obmozgovat':
Ne turned the problem over/or two days.-- On obdumyval problemu dva
dnya; 3. peredavat' v pol'zovanie, otdavat': -- I turned my library books
over to the librarian.-- YA otdal svoi bibliotechnye knigi bibliotekaryu; 4.
Zavodit'sya (o motore): -- The engine doesn't turn over! -- Motor ne
zavoditsya! -- chertyhaetsya serzhant Holduin, pytayas' bystro zavesti mashinu; 5.
pereprodavat': -- We turned over 12,000$ worth of skiing equipment only in
December and January.-- Hozyain gornolyzhnogo magazina v Kalgari, stolice
Olimpijskih Igr 1988 goda, hvastaetsya: -- My "navarili " 12 000 dollarov
tol'ko za dekabr' i yanvar', pereprodav lyzhnoe snaryazhenie posle togo, kak
zakupili ego v Avstrii.
turn thumbs down v. phr. povorachivat' bol'shoj palec vniz (pomnite, etot
zhest byl eshche u rimlyan), vyrazhat' nesoglasie: -- Well, as I thought the boss
turned thumbs down on our plan.-- M-da,-- razocharovannyj komissar Le Peshen
vyhodit iz kabineta bossa i obrashchaetsya k serzhantu Holduinu,-- kak ya i dumal,
shef ne dal dobro na nash plan.
two bits n. dvadcat' pyat' centov, chetvert' dollara.
two-time v. zavesti "lyamur-tuzhur" so sluchajnoj devushkoj ili,
sootvetstvenno, s parnem i skryvat' eto ot svoego druga libo podrugi.
Dvoezhenstvom takuyu situaciyu ne nazovesh', no... proishodit chto-to v etom
rode: -- You know this fucking Joan, this easy dig, pickup girl? Last year
she's been two-timing me with Ed.-- Ty znaesh' etu devchonku, etu Dzhoan, etu
podluyu rebyatnicu? V proshlom godu ona vodila menya za nos, gulyala eshche i s
|dom,-- rasskazyvaet Dzhon Miku o svoih neudachah.
U
U propisnaya oblegchennaya forma ot "you". Dumayu, chto primerov mozhno
privesti tak zhe mnogo, kak i na "you".
ugly duckling n. "gadkij utenok", to est' rebenok (ili ne rebenok),
nichego iz sebya ne predstavlyayushchij vneshne ili dazhe nekrasivyj, vyrosshij zatem
v krasivogo cheloveka. Poyavleniyu etoj amerikanskoj idiomy sposobstvoval
velikij datskij skazochnik Hans Hristian Andersen, napisavshij odnoimennuyu
skazku. I aforizm "gadkij utenok" zapal v dushu ne tol'ko evropejcev, no i
amerikancev.
258
under a cloud adj. phr. 1. pod podozreniem: -- This guy is under a
cloud recently. -- |tot paren' v nastoyashchee vremya pod podozreniem,-- govorit
Le Peshen, kogda rech' zahodit o predpolagaemyh uchastnikah ogrableniya; 2. kak
v vodu opushchennyj: Paul has been under a cloud since his cat's gone. -- S teh
por, kak kot udral iz doma, Pol ochen' goryuet.
under age adj. phr. slishkom molodoj, maloletka, nesovershennoletnij: --
They did not permit me then to join Life Saving Course cause I was under
age.-- Menya ne vzyali togda na kursy vyzhivaniya iz-za togo, chtoya byl
nesovershennoletnij,-- rasskazyvaet Dzhon Miku dela proshlogo goda.
under one's steam adv. phr. sobstvennymi silami: The task was not easy
at all but John finished that under his own steam. -- Zadachka byla ne iz
legkih, no Dzhon spravilsya svoimi silami.
under the thumb adj. phr.: -- Under my thumb the sweetest girl in the
world...-- Umenya pod kablukom -- samaya krasivaya v mire devushka...-- tak-peli
"Rolling Stounz" v 1965 godu (pesnya "Under My Thumb"). Na sovetskih
plastinkah, chto poyavilis' blizhe k koncu semidesyatyh, ona byla perevedena kak
"Vsecelo v moih rukah", chto, nesomnenno, ochen' lirichno zvuchit, no nado bylo
by perevesti "Pod moim kablukom", chto zvuchit, konechno zhe, grubee, no tochnee.
under the hammer adv. s molotka, byt' prodannym s aukciona: Paul was
pretty sad when they told him that his old bass guitar went under the
hammer.-- Pol (nado polagat', Makkartni) byl sil'no rasstroen, uznav, chto
ego staraya bas-gitara poshla s molotka.
under the sun adj., adv. " pod solncem", v mire, na svete.
under wraps adj., adv. pod zapretom, za pechat'yu, "na polke", "pod
suknom", t.e. chto-to, otlozhennoe do pory do vremeni ili ubrannoe s glaz
doloj: -- Guys say we got a new player but the coach keeps him under wraps
until the game with the Hawks.-- Rebyata govoryat, chto u nas novyj igrok, no
trener derzhit eto v tajne do igry s "yastrebami",-- delitsya Dzhon poslednimi
spletnyami s Mikom.
259
until hell freezes over adv. phr. navsegda, "do skonchaniya vekov", do
teh por, poka rak na gore ne svistnet (ne putat' s "when the hell freezes
over").
up against it adj. phr. informal v tupike, pripert k stene, bez vyhoda,
v zasade, koroche, v trudnoj situacii: -- We are up against it because Paul
got a cold and lost his voice:-- My v tupike,-- zayavlyaet basist udarniku
gruppy,-- Pasha prostudilsya i ne mozhet pet'... Pasha, on zhe Pol', eto ih
vokalist, kak vy uzhe dogadalis'.
up for grabs adj. phr. vakantnyj, svobodnyj: When the coach moved out
of the city his place was up for grabs.-- Posle togo, kak trener "Tigrov
Vostochnogo Poberezh'ya "uehal iz goroda, ego mesto ostavalos' vakantnym.
up front p. rukovodyashchee zveno firmy: Finally he made it up front.-- V
konce koncov on stal chlenom rukovodstva firmy.
up front adj. otkrytyj, iskrennij, chestnyj: Talking to John Mick was
completely up front about why she didn 'I want to see him any more.-- V
razgovore s Dzhonom Mik byl predel'no otkrovenen, ob®yasnyaya, pochemu Dzhejn
bol'she ne hochet s nim vstrechat'sya.
up the creek/up the creek without a paddle adj. phr. informal gluboko v
zadnice, t.e. v takom der'me, chto i ne vybrat'sya: -- Now, Mike, if the car
ran out of gas in the middle of this fucking desert, we and you especially,
would be up the creek without paddle! - Nu, a teper', Majk, esli benzin
konchitsya pryamo poseredine etoj proklyatoj pustyni, to my, i osobenno ty,
budem v glubokoj zadnice'-- govorit komissar Le Peshen svoemu pomoshchniku
serzhantu Holduinu v to vremya, kogda oni edut k meksikanskoj granice, do
kotoroj eshche daleko, a benzin na ishode.
uptight adj. vzvinchennyj, vozbuzhdennyj, neravnodushnyj k chemu-to, kak
podstrelennyj, nekoj muhoj ukushennyj, po golove chem-to stuknutyj: -- Why are
you so uptight about getting this position? -- I chego ty tak drozhish' za eto
mesto?
up to par/up to scratch/up to the mark/up to snuff informal horosho,
otlichno, kak vsegda (t. e. v horoshem sostoyanii, zdorov): -- Your live was
not up to par tonight. Are you stoned?-- Tvoj koncert cegodnya nemnozhko ne v
dugu: Ty, navernoe, obkurilsya,-- govorit muzykant svoemu kollege po roku.--
Nicky is training for the fight but he is not up to scratch yet.-- Nikki
usilenno gotovitsya k predstoyashchemu boyu, no vse eshche ne v forme,-- govorit
zhurnalistam na press-konferencii trener izvestnogo boksera.-- I got a cold
and don't feel up to the mark.-- YA prostyl i hrenovo sebya chuvstvuyu,--
otvechaet kovboj Bill drugu Dzhonu na vopros, pojdet li on razgrebat' navoz.
260
use one's noodle ili use one's head/bean v., phr. shevelit' mozgami libo
izvilinami, koroche -- dumat': -- Well, alright, situation is neat. We all
gotta use our beans to find a way out.-- Horosho. Znachit, tak: situaciya
skladyvaetsya klevaya. My dolzhny vse horoshenechko obmozgovat'.
use up v. 1. tratit' vse bez ostatka, ispol'zovat' (zanosit', zateret',
zachitat' do dyr):-- Don't use up this book only.-- Tol'ko ne zachityvaj do
dyr etu knigu, -- govorit Dzhejn, davaya Miku knizhku i znaya, chto u ee druzhka
est' plohaya privychka zhutko trepat' knigi.-- Don't use up-the soap! -- He
smyvaj vse mylo! Ostav' mne! YA tozhe budu myt'sya! -- krichit Mik Dzhonu, kogda
poslednij skrylsya za poluprozrachnoj dver'yu dusha.-- I used up all my money to
see this live.-- YA vse poslednie den'gi potratil, chtoby shodit' na etot
koncert,-- voshishchenno govorit Dzhon posle togo, kak pobyval na shou Bryusa
Springstina; 2. bez sil, utomlennyj, ustavshij, nikakoj: -- I am used up
after today's match.-- Posle segodnyashnego matcha ya nikakoj,-- padaet na
krovat' Mik.
V
vanity case i. kosmetichka.
vibes (sokrashchenno ot "vibrations") p. flyuidy, biopole, volny, biotoki,
koroche, vse, chto proizvodit vpechatlenie i chem mozhno intuitivno
vozdejstvovat' na cheloveka: -- I don't think he is a right guy for your
business, he gave me bad vibes.-- He dumayu, chto eto tot, kto vam nuzhen. U
etogo parnya plohie flyuidy,-- govorit Dzhejn Miku i Dzhonu, kogda oni ee
znakomyat so svoim novym priyatelem i sprashivayut mnenie, na kotoroe vse ravno
potom naplyuyut.
voice box i. gortan', glotka.
voite down v. zablokirovat', ne progolosovat': Parliament again voited
this law down.-- Parlament vnov' ne propustil etot zakon.
W
wait on, wait upon v. sluzhit', prisluzhivat': Last summer John was
waiting on some old ladies.-- - Proshlym letom Dzhon podrabatyval, prisluzhivaya
(pomogaya) neskol'kim pozhilym zhenshchinam.
261
walk away with, walk off with v. skryvat'sya, ili pohishchat', ili to i
drugoe vmeste: -- How he could walk off with a safe in daylight? -- Kak on
mog ukrast' i smyt'sya sredi bela dnya?
walk out v. 1. bastovat': Company refused their demands and all the
stuff walked out.-- Kompaniya otvetila na ih trebovaniya otkazom, i vse
sotrudniki zabastovali; 2. svalivat' (neozhidanno uhodit'): -- John did not
say anything. He just walked out.-- Dzhon nichego ne skazal. On prosto svalil
ottuda, i vse",-- otvechaet Mik treneru, kogda tot sprashivaet, kuda delsya
Dzhon posle trenirovki.
walk the floor v. mayachit', hodit' tuda-syuda: That was the real problem
and the comissar walked the floor trying to find the answer.-- |to byla
slozhnaya problema, i komissar hodil vzad-vpered po kabinetu v poiskah otveta.
wallet n. koshelek, a "purse" -- eto vse zhe "damskaya sumochka".
wanna forma ot "want to": -- I wanna do that myself.-- YA hochu sam eto
sdelat'.
warm up v. 1. podogrevat' (zavtrak); 2. stat' priyatnee, podruzhit'sya: --
It took me two minutes to warm the audience up to me. -- |to zanyalo u menya
dve minu ty -- chtoby raspolozhit' k sebe auditoriyu,-- rasskazyvaet krutoj
roker o svoem pervom vystuplenii na publike; 3. razogrevat'sya (pered
matchem), podogret' sebya ("krasnen'kim" pered zvanym uzhinom): -- O'kay, guys!
Go ahead warming up! -- Davaj, rebyatki! Prodolzhaem razogrevat'sya! -- krichit
trener razminayushchimsya pered trenirovochnym matchem futbolistam.
warm-up n. razogrev, trenirovka.
watch out v. 1. "look out" -- berech'sya, byt' ostorozhnym: -- Watch out
the dogs! -- Osteregajsya sobak! -- krichit kovboj Billi svoemu drugu,
ulepetyvaya s chuzhogo uchastka; 2. sledit', prismatrivat': -- Watch out for my
bug! -- Prismotri za moim zhukom! -- krichit drugu vo vremya tarakan'ih begov
Stallone (fil'm "Tyuryaga":)
water down v. ostuzhat', ohlazhdat' (pyl), umen'shat': -- Don't you think
that our coach gotta water down his new course.-- Tebe ne kazhetsya, chto
nashemu treneru neploho bylo by urezat' ego novyj trenirovochnyj metod?--
govorit, otzhimayas' ot zemli, Dzhon vzmokshemu Miku.
wear off/away v. stochit', obtochit' (kaplya kamen' tochit): Time and winds
have worn off the stones of an old tower.-- Vremya i veter razrushili kamni
staroj bashni. Time and water have worn off the stones ofan old tower.--
Vremya i voda obtochili kamni staroj bashni.
262
wear on v. 1. serdit'sya, razdrazhat'sya: -- It wears on my nerves.-- |to
dejstvuet mne na nervy; 2. tyanut'sya: The night wore on and John could not
stay with his eyes open.-- Noch' tyanulas' slishkom dolgo, i Dzhona postepenno
svalil son. (A Dzhon hotel dozhdat'sya utra. Zachem? Ne znayu.)
wear out v. 1. iznashivat', ispol'zovat' (do dyr, do konca) odezhdu,
chasy: He's worn his jeans out and it can't be mended.-- On tak iznosil svoi
dzhinsy, chto ih u zhe nevozmozhno bylo pochinit'; 2. ustavat', vymuchivat'sya: Her
crazy children wore her out.-- Nenormal'nye detishki sovsem ee dokonali; 3.
vyvetrit': Wind and water, have worn out the hole in the rock.-- Veter i
voda sdelali dyru v skale.
wee folk el'fy, fei ili gobliny, koroche -- skazochnyj, misticheskij
narod, naselyayushchij skazki Tolkiena i pesni Marka Bolana.
welcome, you are welcome pozhalujsta, ne stoit blagodarnosti, ne za chto:
-- Excuse me. Is it right way to the Empire Building?-- s-Izvinite,. ya
pravil'no idu k |mpajr Bilding?-- I'm not sure, but I think it is.-- He
uveren, no, dumayu, chto da.-- Thank you.-- Spasibo. -- You are welcome. --
Pozhalujsta.
well-heeled adj. prikinutyj, bogatyj: -- Well-heeled guys do shopping
in this place, so there's no doubt...-- Zdes' otovarivayutsya samye prikinutye
gorozhane. Tak chto otbros' somneniya...-- govorit odin naletchik drugomu,
vybiraya magazin dlya ocherednoj "operacii ".
wet behind the ears adj. neobstrelyannyj, zelenyj eshche, zheltorotyj: --
The new soldiers of the company are still wet behind the ears.-- Novye
soldaty roty -- vse eshche neobstrelyannye yuncy,-- zhaluetsya serzhant Timoti
Timpson kapitanu.
wet one's whistle v. propuskat' stakanchik, vypivat': -- Let's come in
this fine cafe to wet our whistles.-- Davaj-ka zajdem v eto kafe i propustim
stakanchik.
whale away v. navalyat' (tumakov): -- Whale him away with both fits!--
Navalyaj emu s obeih ruk!-- krichat bolel'shchiki svoemu bokseru, kotoryj na
ringe voltuzit sopernika.
what's more k tomu zhe, bolee togo.
what's up "chto slyshno?", "kak dela?", "kak pozhivaesh'?": -- What's up!
-- govorit Mik Dzhonu, kak tol'ko slyshit v trubke ego golos.
wheel and deal v. phr. navorochat' planov gromad'e: -- Our president is
likely to lose by wheeling and dealing on the stock.-- Pohozhe, chto nash
prezident progorit na tom, chto uzh slishkom mnogo navorochal planov na birzhe.
263
when hell freezes over adj., phr. "kogda rak na gore svistnet": -- You
say she'll return this cash when the hell freezes over? -- Tak, govorish',
ona vernet mne eti den'gi, kogda rak na gore svistnet?
when the dew has fallen down adv. phr. "posle dozhdichka v chetverg";
upotreblyaetsya v teh zhe sluchayah, chto i predydushchee vyskazyvanie.
whoop it up v. phr. gudet' (shumno gulyat'): East Beach Tigers has won
the match and then the team whooped it up.-- "Tigry Vostochnogo Poberezh'ya"
vyigrali match i zatem shumno eto otmetili; 2. hvalit' vzahleb ili
ugovarivat'; upotreblyaetsya s for: -- First I wanted to get all the party to
the country, but all guys whooped it up for the beach.-- Vnachale ya hotel
provesti vecherinku za gorodom, no vse nastoyali idti na plyazh.
wimp n. eshche odno obidnoe prozvishche, oznachayushchee "slabak", "mamen'kin
synok".
win out v. vyigryvat' (posle trudnoj bor'by).
wipe out v. 1. stirat' (rezinkoj): John wiped out with an eraser what
Jane had written on the copybook.-- Dzhon ster rezinkoj to, chto Dzhejn
napisala v ego tetradke; 1. ubirat' (uzhe ne tol'ko rezinkoj, no dazhe s
pomoshch'yu bolee sovershennyh orudij tipa AK74 ili M16), razrushat', unichtozhat':
The storm wiped out the village.-- Uragan smel derevnyu.
wipe out n. proval, neudacha libo zhe, naoborot, neozhidannyj gromkij
uspeh: When Jane did her make-up and suddenly appeared at the party it was a
total wipe-out.-- Kogda Dzhejn sdelala svoyu "boevuyu raskrasku", priodelas' i
neozhidanno poyavilas' na vechere, eto byl prosto otpad!
with a whole skin adj. phr. bez edinoj carapiny, vyhodit' suhim iz
vody: Komissar i serzhant s trudom vylezayut iz pokorezhennoj mashiny, i Holduin
krichit v mikrofon racii: -- We are lucky, boss! The car went off the road
and we seem to escape with a whole skin! -- Pohozhe, chto my -- schastlivchiki,
boss! Mashina sletela s dorogi, a my celehon'ki! -- Za mashinu otvetite,
"schastlivchiki",-- govorit boss, i nastroenie u serzhanta opyat' padaet.
within an inch of one's We. adv. na voloske ot smerti: Timoti Tim-pson,
otstrelivayas', othodit so vzvodom ot nasedayushchih "charli". Potom, posle boya, k
nemu podhodit kapitan Maknejl i hlopaet parnya po plechu: -- Yeah, Tim, I
gotta say yah actually were within an inch of your life.-- Da. Tim. ty i v
samom dele byl na voloske ot smerti.
264
working girl n. predstavitel'nica drevnej professii.
worked up adj. vzvolnovannyj, vzvedennyj, vzvinchennyj: John was all
worked up about exam.-- Dzhon byl ves' na nervah iz-za predstoyashchego ekzamena.
work off v. sbrasyvat' (ves), skidyvat' (napryazhenie): Dzhejn hvastaetsya
podruzhkam: -- Ran'she i ya byla tolstushkoj. But I worked off the fat from my
waist by doing exercises every morning.-- Ho zatem ya sbrosila lishnij ves s
pomoshch'yu utrennej zaryadki, vot.-- When I'm nervous I work it off by doing
something, cooking for instance.-- Kogda ya nervnichayu, to uspokaivayus'
(sbrasyvayu napryazhenie) s pomoshch'yu kakogo-nibud' zanyatiya, k primeru
kulinarii,-- govorit ee podruga.
work out v. 1. najti otvet, vrubit'sya: -- You know, I really worked out
tins problem all by myself.-- Ty znaesh',-- govorit Mik Dzhonu.-- ya
dejstvitel'no sam dodumalsya i reshil etu zadachku; 2. planirovat',
obustraivat', ulazhivat', prikidyvat': -- Hey look, I worked out a wonderful
plan for our case.-- |j, posmotrite, komissar,-- - govorit serzhant
Holduin,-- ya tut nabrosal udivitel'nyj plan nashej s vami operacii; 3.
srabotat', poluchit'sya, dobit'sya horoshego rezul'tata: -- It works! It really
works out! -- Srabotalo! Dejstvitel'no, eto dejstvuet!-- raduyutsya Mik i
Dzhon, glyadya iz kustov, kak Dzhejn pnula nogoj bumazhnuyu korobku u poroga
svoego doma i teper' prygaet ot boli na odnoj noge, tak kak pod korobkoj
lezhal kirpich (my takie veshchi tozhe v detstve chasto ustraivali); 4.
uprazhnyat'sya, razminat'sya: Posle trudnogo matcha trener govorit Miku: -- Ty
ved' zashchitnik, synok, tebe nogi nuzhno podkachat' chutok. So you should work
out in the gym two or three hours every day.-- Tak chto trenirujsya v zale po
dva-tri chasa ezhednevno.
work over v. phr. izbit', otmetelit', ograbit': This guy was worked
over after midnight.-- |togo parnya sil'no izbili posle polunochi.
work up v. zakrutit', vyzhat': -- I just can't work up any interest of
my students to this dull book.-- zhaluetsya molodoj prepodavatel' direktoru
shkoly.-- YA prosto ne mogu vyzhat' nikakogo interesa iz svoih uchenikov k etoj,
dejstvitel'no, nudnoj knizhke.
write off v. 1. vypisyvat', vybrasyvat', spisyvat', otmenyat': -- I pay
for you now so you gotta write my debt off.-- Sejchas ya plachu. tak chto vy
dolzhny spisat' moj dolg,-- govorit serzhant Holduin komissaru Le Peshenu v
zakusochnoj. -- Please don't write the team off only because we have too many
young players.-- Pozhalujsta, ne spisyvajte nashu komandu so schetov tol'ko
potomu, chto v nej slishkom mnogo molodyh igrokov,-- govorit v telefonnuyu
trubku trener "tigrov"; 2. vybrasyvat', zabyvat': -- I had so many troubles
with my car that finally I wrote it off and bought anew one. -- U menya bylo
tak mnogo problem s moej mashinoj, chto v konce koncov ya brosil ee i kupil
novuyu.
265
write up v. opisyvat' istoriyu, imushchestvo: -- Did you see how many
newspapers are over here to write up the game! -- Ty videl, kak mnogo
reporterov priehalo, chtoby kommentirovat' nashu igru! -- voshishchenno govorit
Dzhon Miku pered vstrechej s "Serymi YAstrebami"; 2. zapisyvat',
konspektirovat': -- The lecture was pretty cool and I took notes of what the
teacher said and wrote all up. -- Lekciya byla klassnaya! -- govorit Mik
propustivshemu zanyatiya Dzhonu.-- YA vse, chto prepod govoril, zapomnil i
zapisal.
h
X-mas Rozhdestvo (ot Christmas).
x-rated adj. proverennyj cenzuroj, ogranichennyj cenzuroj dlya shirokogo
pol'zovaniya (fil'm, zhurnal, kniga i t.d.): -- This is h-rated movie.-- |tot
fil'm cenzura zapretila,-- govorit komissar Le Peshen, prosmatrivaya kassetu s
pornuhoj, konfiskovannoj v odnom chastnom videosalone.
x-rayting machine n. zhargon shoferov spidometr.
xtc n. ecstasy, t.e. ekstaz, a takzhe legkie narkoticheskie tabletki.
X.Y.Z. "Examine Your Zipper", chto perevoditsya kak "prover' zamok na
shirinke" (eto v tom sluchae, esli vash drug zabyl zastegnut' "molniyu" na
bryukah).
Y
yah forma ot "you".
yak-yak n. mnogo shuma iz nichego, mnogo trepa: -- Jesus! I'm so tired of
your stupidyak-yak.-- Bozhe, kak ya ustal ot vashej durackoj boltovni!
yak v. boltat': "stop yakking!-- horosh boltat'!".
266
yakky adj. treplivyj, boltlivyj, boltun: -- Why are you, Sara, so
yakky! -- I pochemu ty, Sara, takaya treplivaya! -- otchityvaet muzh zhenu.
yeah (razgovorn.) da.
yellow bellied adj. zheltopuzikom amerikancy nazyvayut trusishku: -- I
dunno if Crag's gonna join our team. He looks actually strong and good for
defence line but I think he's a pretty yellow bellied guy.-- YA ne znayu,
sobiraetsya li Kreg igrat' v nashej komande,-- govorit Mik Dzhonu, kogda oni
obsuzhdayut, kogo by vzyat' na zamenu vybyvshemu iz stroya iz-za travmy Ajvona.--
On, dejstvitel'no, podhodit dlya roli zashchitnika, no. mne kazhetsya, paren' vse
zhe trusovat.
uo eshche odna forma ot you.
yoo-hoo! juhu! eto vosklicanie tipa "hejya!"
you are welcome sm. "welcome".
you bet your sweet ass on it adv. phr. vyigryshnoe delo, "mozhesh' byt'
uverennym na vse sto", "ty mozhesh' tochno vyigrat', nagret'sya na etom": -- You
better bet your sweet ass on pizza.-- Mozhesh' smelo stavit' na piccu, ne
progadaesh',-- sovetuet drug svoemu kollege pri obsuzhdenii, chto zhe vygodnee
otkryt': picceriyu ili apteku.
you don't say ispol'zuetsya tak zhe, kak nashi vosklicaniya "da chto ty
govorish'!" i "da nu!": -- You have found this man? You don't say! -- Ty
nashel etogo tipa? Da nu! -- udivlyaetsya komissar Le Peshen, kogda serzhant
dokladyvaet emu, chto ugonshchik ih sluzhebnogo avtomobilya, najden.
you're telling me ispol'zuetsya tak zhe, kak i nashe vosklicanie "i ty mne
eshche budesh' govorit'!" v sluchayah, kogda zamechanie vashego sobesednika
neumestno vvidu ochevidnosti: Komissar i serzhant Holduin na chas opazdyvayut k
bossu. Vot oni oba vyskakivayut iz mashiny i vzbegayut po stupen'kam. Na
zamechanie serzhanta:-- We are late, commish-- My opazdyvaem, komissar.-- Le
Peshen razdrazhenno brosaet: -- We are late! You are telling me! -- My
opazdyvaem! I ty mne eshche eto govorish'!
you said it ili you sap say that again tipa nashego "eshche by, a to" v
sluchayah, kogda vy bezogovorochno soglasny s sobesednikom: -- India... That
was for sure very hot over there!-- Tam bylo, konechno, ochen' zharko,--
vspominaet Dzhon poezdku v Indiyu.-- You said it.-- |to uzh tochno,-- otvechaet
Mik.
you tell'em ispol'zuetsya kak vozglas polnoj podderzhki sobesednika v
tom, chto on (sobesednik) govorit libo delaet: Bill Klin-267
ton ballotiruetsya v prezidenty i zaveryaet svoih izbiratelej v tom. chto
ego partiya obyazatel'no pobedit na vyborah.-- You tell'em! -- Davaj!
Pravil'no! -- krichit tolpa.
yuck p. gryaz'.
yacky adj. gryaznyj: -- Look at your hands, face and your shirt, yucky
boy! -- Posmotri na svoi ruki, lico i rubashku, gryaznulya!
yum-yum my govorim malen'kim detkam "nyam-nyam", a oni, amerikancy,
govoryat "yam-yam", chto ne tak uzh sil'no i otlichaetsya.
uur(uar) (kanads. sleng) razgovornoe "da".
Z
ZZZZ xp-xp-xp-xp. Vidite, my vo sne h-hrapim, a oni z-zvenyat.
zero cool adj. kruto! ochen' horosho, super.
zero hour n. dazhe ne znayu, kak etot "chas nol'" perevesti na russkij.
Navernoe, tak i budet: "chas nol'". U nih eto bol'she voennyj termin,
oboznachayushchij vremya ataki ili bombezhki ili vremya nekoego vazhnogo sobytiya,
uchenij, sammita ili chego eshche. Koroche, vremya CH.
zero in on v: 1. navodit' (oruzhie na cel'): Every one stood still.
Comissar's gun was zeroed in on the guy with a knife.-- Vse stoyali kak
vkopannye. Oruzhie komissara bylo napravleno na parnya s nozhom; 2.
sosredotochivat'sya (na teme, razgovore): -- O'kciy, boys! Let's zero in on
our tomorrow match!-- 0'kej, rebyata! Davajte-ka sosredotochimsya na zavtrashnem
matche!
zip(zippo) p. nol', nichego, zero.
zip it v. "shut up", zatykat'sya, zakryvat'sya, zashivat'sya: -- Hey, man!
What are you talking 'bout! Just zip it! -- |j, priyatel', ty chto takoe
govorish', a? Luchshe zakrojsya!
zip one's lip v. phr. to zhe, chto i button one's lip, t.e. zahlopnut'sya,
zatknut'sya, zamolchat'.
zod p. durak, chuvak.
zone defence ili defence zone n. zona zashchity v basketbole i
amerikanskom futbole, gde igrok komandy dolzhen oboronyat' opredelennyj
uchastok polya.
zonk out v. phr. 1. otklyuchat'sya (bystro zasypat'): -- Jane, can I talk
to Mick? -- Johnny, call back tomorrow please. He zonked out-- Dzhejn, mozhno
Mika k telefonu? -- Perezvoni, Dzhonni, zavtra. pozhalujsta. On uzhe
otklyuchilsya; 2. otklyuchat'sya (po p'yani): Mick was perfectly drunk and zonked
out immediatly.-- Mik byl nastol'ko p'yan, chto srazu zhe otklyuchilsya.
happy end
MOKE
Last-modified: Tue, 14 Aug 2001 20:37:24 GMT