yuchaemyh problem zashchity, directors obychno delaet mnozhestvo proverok togo, mogut li fajly kotorye oni ispol'zuyut byt' skomprometirovany ili net. Adresa, poluchennye neskol'ko somnitel'nym sposobom (naprimer ot world -perezapisyvaemyj fajl aliases) pomecheny kak nebezopasnye. Nekotorye transportnye drajvery otvergnut takie adresa, - 347 - naprimer transport, kotoryj peredaet soobshchenie fajlu. Krome etogo, smail takzhe svyazyvaet pol'zovatelya s kazhdym adresom. Lyubaya zapis' ili operacii chteniya vypolnyaetsya kak pol'zovatel'. Dlya polucheniya v, skazhem mailbox janet, adres konechno svyazan s janet. Drugie adresa, tipa teh chto polucheny iz fajla aliases, imeyut drugih pol'zovatelej, svyazannyh s nimi, naprimer, pol'zovatel' nobody. Dlya podrobnostej etih vozmozhnostej, pozhalujsta obratites' k smail manpage. # A sample /usr/lib/smail/directors file # aliasinclude - expand ":include:filename" addresses produced # by alias files aliasinclude: driver=aliasinclude, # use this special-case driver nobody; # access file as nobody user if unsecure copysecure, # get permissions from alias director copyowners, # get owners from alias director # forwardinclude - expand ":include:filename" addrs produced # by forward files forwardinclude: driver=forwardinclude, # use this special-case driver nobody; # access file as nobody user if unsecure checkpath, # check path accessibility copysecure, # get perms from forwarding director copyowners, # get owners from forwarding director # aliases - search for alias expansions stored in a database aliases: driver=aliasfile, # general-purpose aliasing director -nobody, # all addresses are associated # with nobody by default anyway sender okay, # don't remove sender from expansions owner=owner-$user; # problems go to an owner address file=/usr/lib/aliases, # default: sendmail compatible modemask=002, # should not be globally writable optional, # ignore if file does not exist proto=lsearch, # unsorted ASCII file # dotforward - expand .forward files in user home directories dotforward: - 348 - driver=forwardfile, # general-purpose forwarding director owner=real-$user, # problems go to the user's mailbox nobody, # use nobody user, if unsecure sender okay; # sender never removed from expansion file=~/.forward, # .forward file in home directories checkowner, # the user can own this file owners=root, # or root can own the file modemask=002, # it should not be globally writable caution=0-10:uucp:daemon, # don't run things as root or daemons # be extra careful of remotely accessible home directories unsecure="~ftp:~uucp:~nuucp:/tmp:/usr/tmp", # forwardto - expand a "Forward to " line at the top of # the user's mailbox file forwardto: driver=forwardfile, owner=Postmaster, # errors go to Postmaster nobody, # use nobody user, if unsecure sender okay; # don't remove sender from expansion file=/var/spool/mail/${lc:user}, # location of user's mailbox forwardto, # enable "Forward to " check checkowner, # the user can own this file owners=root, # or root can own the file modemask=0002, # under System V, group mail can write caution=0-10:uucp:daemon, # don't run things as root or daemons # user - match users on the # local host with delivery to their mailboxes user: driver=user; # driver to match usernames transport=local, # local transport goes to mailboxes # real user - match usernames when prefixed with the string "real-" real user: driver=user; # driver to match usernames transport=local, # local transport goes to mailboxes prefix="real-", # for example, match real-root # lists - expand mailing lists stored below /usr/lib/smail/lists lists: driver=forwardfile, caution, # flag all addresses with caution - 349 - nobody, # and then associate the nobody user sender okay, # do NOT remove the sender owner=owner-$user; # the list owner # map the name of the mailing list to lower case file=lists/${lc:user}, Posle uspeshno marshrutizacii ili napravleniya soobshcheniya, smail vruchaet soobshchenie transportu, zadannomu programmoj marshrutizacii ili director, kotoryj sootvetstvoval(soglasoval) adresu. |ti transports opredelen v fajle transports. Snova, transport opredelen naborom global'nyh i chastnyh opcij. Naibolee vazhnaya opciya, opredelennaya kazhdym vhodom - drajver, kotoryj obrabatyvaet transport, naprimer drajver truboprovoda, kotoryj vyzyvaet komandu, zadannuyu v cmd atribute. Krome etogo, imeetsya chislo global'nyh atributov, kotorye transport mozhet ispol'zovat', kotorye vypolnyayut razlichnye preobrazovaniya zagolovka soobshcheniya, i vozmozhno tela soobshcheniya. # A sample /usr/lib/smail/transports file # local - deliver mail to local users local: driver=appendfile, # append message to a file return path, # include a Return-Path: field from, # supply a From envelope line unix from hack, # insert > before From in body local; # use local forms for delivery file=/var/spool/mail/${lc:user}, # location of mailbox files group=mail, # group to own file for System V mode=0660, # group mail can access suffix="\n", # append an extra newline # pipe - deliver mail to shell commands pipe: driver=pipe, # pipe message to another program return path, # include a Return-Path: field from, # supply a From envelope line unix from hack, # insert > before From in body local; # use local forms for delivery cmd="/bin/sh -c $user", # send address to the Bourne Shell parent env, # environment info from parent addr pipe as user, # use user-id associated with address ignore status, # ignore a non-zero exit status - 350 - ignore write errors, # ignore write errors, i.e., broken pipe umask=0022, # umask for child process -log output, # do not log stdout/stderr # file - deliver mail to files file: driver=appendfile, return path, # include a Return-Path: field from, # supply a From envelope line unix from hack, # insert > before From in body local; # use local forms for delivery file=$user, # file is taken from address append as user, # use user-id associated with address expand user, # expand ~ and $ within address suffix="\n", # append an extra newline mode=0600, # set permissions to 600 # uux - deliver to the rmail program on a remote UUCP site uux: driver=pipe, uucp, # use UUCP-style addressing forms from, # supply a From envelope line max addrs=5, # at most 5 addresses per invocation max chars=200; # at most 200 chars of addresses cmd="/usr/bin/uux - -r -a$sender -g$grade $host!rmail $(($user)$)", pipe as sender, # have uucp logs contain caller log output, # save error output for bounce messages # defer child errors, # retry if uux returns an error # demand - deliver to a remote rmail program, # polling immediately demand: driver=pipe, uucp, # use UUCP-style addressing forms from, # supply a From envelope line max addrs=5, # at most 5 addresses per invocation max chars=200; # at most 200 chars of addresses cmd="/usr/bin/uux - -a$sender -g$grade $host!rmail $(($user)$)", pipe as sender, # have uucp logs contain caller log output, # save error output for bounce messages # defer child errors, # retry if uux returns an error # hbsmtp - half-baked BSMTP. The output files must - 351 - # be processed regularly and sent out via UUCP. hbsmtp: driver=appendfile, inet, # use RFC 822-addressing hbsmtp, # batched SMTP w/o HELO and QUIT -max addrs, -max chars; # no limit on number of addresses file="/var/spool/smail/hbsmtp/$host", user=root, # file is owned by root mode=0600, # only read-/writeable by root. # smtp - deliver using SMTP over TCP/IP smtp: driver=tcpsmtp, inet, -max addrs, -max chars; # no limit on number of addresses short timeout=5m, # timeout for short operations long timeout=2h, # timeout for longer SMTP operations service=smtp, # connect to this service port # For internet use: uncomment the below 4 lines # use bind, # resolve MX and multiple A records # defnames, # use standard domain searching # defer no connect, # try again if the nameserver is down # -local mx okay, # fail an MX to the local host APPENDIX C Obshchaya Publichnaya Licenziya GNU Imeetsya Obshchaya Licenziya GNU (GPL ili copy-left), pod kotoroj Linux zapatentovan. Ona ne vosproizvedena zdes'. Bol'shaya chast' yadra Linux - copyright (C) 1993 Linus Torvalds, i drugoe programmnoe obespechenie obespecheny avtorskim pravom ih avtorami. Takim obrazom, Linux obespechen avtorskim pravom, odnako, Vy mozhete pereraspredelyat' ego (kopirovat') v sootvetstvii s GPL (GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE). Glossarij Ogromnaya trudnost' v rabote s setyami - pomnit' vse sokrashcheniya i terminy. Imeetsya spisok teh chto my chasto ispol'zovali v etom rukovodstve, naryadu s korotkim ob®yasneniem. - 352 - ACU Avtomaticheskij Modul' Obrashcheniya. Modem. ARP Protokol Razreshayushchej sposobnosti Adresa. Ispol'zuetsya chtoby otobrazit' IP adresa na adresa lokal'noj seti na osnove protokola CSMA-CD (Ethernet). ARPA Agentstvo Proektov Perspektivnogo issledovaniya, pozdnee upravlenie perspektivnyh issledovanij Ministerstva oborony SSHA. Osnovatel' Internet. ARPANET Predok segodnyashnego Internet; eksperimental'naya set', finansiruemaya Agentstvom Zashchity Proektov Perspektivnogo issledovaniya SSHA (upravlenie perspektivnyh issledovanij Ministerstva oborony SSHA). BBS Sistema BBS. Telefonnyj vyzov po nomeru mailbox. BGP Protokol Vorot Granicy. Protokol dlya obmena informacii marshrutizacii mezhdu avtonomnymi sistemami. BIND Berkeley Internet Name Domain server. Realizaciya servera DNS. BNU Bazisnye Utility Raboty s setyami. |to - naibolee obshchee raznoobrazie UUCP v nastoyashchee vremya. Oni takzhe izvestny kak HoneyDanBer UUCP. |to imya proishodit ot imen avtorov: P. Honeyman, D.A. Novitz, i B.E. Redman. broadcast network Set', kotoraya pozvolyaet odnoj stancii adresovat' datagrammu vsem drugim stanciyam v seti odnovremenno. BSD Berkeley Raspredelenie Programmnogo obespecheniya. Raznovidnost' Unix. CCITT (rus. MKKTT) Mezhdunarodnaya organizaciya telefonnyh uslug, i t.d. CSLIP Szhataya Posledovatel'naya IP Liniya. Protokol dlya obmena IP paketami po posledovatel'noj linii, ispol'zuya szhatie zagolovka bol'shinstva datagramm TCP/IP. DNS Domain name system.|to - raspredelennaya baza dannyh, ispol'zuemaya v Internet dlya otobrazheniya imen host k adresam IP. EGP Vneshnij Protokol Vorot. Protokol dlya obmena informacii - 353 - marshrutizacii mezhdu avtonomnymi sistemami. Ethernet Tehnicheski, Ethernet - chast' nabora standartov, izlozhennyh II|Rom. Apparatnye sredstva Ethernet ispol'zuyut odinochnyj fragment kabelya, chasto kabel' soedinyaet ryad glavnyh |VM, i pozvolyaet skorost' peredachi do 10Mbps. Protokol Ethernet opredelyaet sposob, kotorym glavnye |VM mogut svyazyvat'sya po etim kabelyam. FQDN Polnost'yu Kvalificirovannoe Imya Oblasti. Hostname s imenem oblasti, tak, chtoby eto byl dopustimyj indeks v bazu dannyh Imen Oblasti. FTP Protokol Peredachi Fajlov. |tot protokol odno iz samyh izvestnyh obsluzhivanij peredachi fajla. FYI "Dlya Vashej Informacii." Ryad dokumentov s neoficial'noj informaciej otnositel'no predmetov Internet. GMU Groucho Marx University. Fiktivnyj Universitet, ispol'zuemyj naprimer cherez etu knigu. GNU GNU ne Unix - etot rekursivnyj akronim - imya proekta Svobodnoj Associacii Programmnogo obespecheniya, chtoby obespechit' kogerentnyj nabor instrumental'nyh sredstv Unix, kotorye mogut ispol'zovat'sya i kopirovat'sya besplatno. Vse programmnoe obespechenie GNU pokryto special'nym Ob®yavleniem ob avtorskom prave, takzhe nazyvaemym Obshchej Publichnoj Licenziej GNU (GPL), ili Copyleft. HoneyDanBer Imya raznoobraziya UUCP. Sm. takzhe BNU. host Voobshche, setevoj uzel: koe-chto, chto yavlyaetsya sposobnym poluchat' i peredavat' setevye soobshcheniya. |to budet obychno Komp'yuter, no Vy mozhete takzhe dumat' o x-terminalah, ili intellektual'nyh printerah. ICMP Internet Protokol Upravlyayushchih Soobshchenij. Protokol raboty s setyami, ispol'zuemyj IP, chtoby vozvratit' informaciyu oshibki host posylki, i t.d. IEEE Institute of Electrical and Eletronics Engineers.Drugaya organizaciya standartov. S tochki zreniya pol'zovatelya UNIX, ih naibolee vazhnoe - 354 - dostizhenie - POSIX standarty, kotorye opredelyayut aspekty sistem UNIX, v predelah ot interfejsov sistemnogo vyzova i semantiki k instrumental'nym sredstvam administracii. IETF Internet Sily Proektirovaiya Zadach. internet Komp'yuternaya set', sformirovannaya iz kollekcii individual'nyh men'shih setej. Internet Specificheskij "mirovoj" internet. IP Internet Protocol. Protokol raboty s setyami. ISO Organizaciya Mezhdunarodnyh etalonov. ISDN Integrirovannye Uslugi Cifrovoj Seti. Novaya tehnologiya peredachi dannyh, ispol'zuyushchaya cifrovuyu vmesto analogovoj shemy. LAN Lokal'naya vychislitel'naya set'. Malaya komp'yuternaya set'. MX |kspreobrazovatel' Pochty. Tip zapisi resursa DNS, ispol'zuemyj dlya markirovki host kak gateway pochty dlya oblasti. NFS Setevaya Fajlovaya sistema. Standartnyj protokol raboty s setyami i nabor programmnogo obespecheniya dlya dostupa k dannym otnositel'no otdalennyh diskov ochevidno. NIS Setevaya Informacionnaya Sistema. Rpc-osnovannoe prilozhenie, kotoroe pozvolyaet sovmestno ispol'zovat' fajly konfiguracii tipa fajla parolej mezhdu otdel'nymi glavnymi |VM. Sm. takzhe vhod YP. NNTP Setevoj Protokol peredachi Novostej. Ispol'zuetsya chtoby peredat' novosti po TCP setevym soedineniyam. octet Na Internet, tehnicheskij termin, kasaetsya kolichestva vos'mi bitov. Ispol'zuetsya etot termin a ne bajt, potomu chto imelis' mashiny na Internet, kotorye imeyut bajt, po velichine otlichnyj ot vos'mi bitov. OSI Soedinenie Otkrytyh sistem. Standart ISO na setevom programmnom - 355 - obespechenii. path CHasto ispol'zuetsya v setyah UUCP kak sinonim dlya marshruta. PLIP Parallel'naya IP Liniya. Protokol dlya obmena IP paketami po parallel'noj linii tipa porta printera. PPP Dvuhtochechnyj protokol (iz tochki v tochku). PPP - gibkij i bystryj protokol svyazi, chtoby posylat' razlichnye setevye protokoly tipa IP ili IPX po dvuhtochechnomu soedineniyu. Krome ispol'zovaniya na posledovatel'nyh svyazyah (modem), PPP mozhet takzhe byt' ispol'zovan kak protokol svyazi na ISDN. RARP Obratnyj Protokol Razreshayushchej sposobnosti Adresa. On razreshaet glavnym |VM vyyasnyat' ih adres IP pri nachal'noj zagruzke. RFC Pros'ba o Kommentariyah. Ryad dokumentov, opisyvayushchih standarty Internet. RIP Napravlyayushchij Informacionnyj Protokol. |to - protokol marshrutizacii, ispol'zuemyj dlya dinamicheskoj korrekcii marshrutov vnutri (maloj) seti. RPC Distancionnoe upravlenie vyzovom. Protokol dlya vypolneniya procedur vnutri processa na otdalennom host. RR Sokrashchenie dlya "zapis' resursa". RS-232 |to - ochen' obshchij standart dlya posledovatel'nyh interfejsov. RTS/CTS Razgovornoe nazvanie dlya apparatnogo kontakta, vypolnyaemogo dvumya ustrojstvami, soobshchayushchimisya (podderzhivayushchimi svyaz') po RS-232. Imya proishodit ot dvuh sokrashchenij RTS (" Gotov Poslat' ''), i CTS (" CHist, chtoby Poslat' ''). RTM Internet Worm Viruso-podobnaya programma, kotoraya ispol'zovala otdel'nye defekty v VMS i BSD 4.3 Unix, chtoby rasprostranit'sya cherez Internet. Neskol'ko "oshibok" v programme zastavili ee razmnozhat'sya bezpredel'no, i vyzvali padenie bol'shih chastej Internet. RTM - inicialy - 356 - avtora (Robert T. Morris), kotorye on ostavil v programme. SLIP Posledovatel'naya IP Liniya. |to - protokol dlya obmena IP paketami po posledovatel'noj linii, sm. takzhe CSLIP. SMTP Prostoj Protokol peredachi Pochty. Ispol'zuetsya dlya transporta pochty po TCP soedineniyam, i takzhe dlya transportirovki paketov po svyazyam UUCP (batched SMTP). SOA Nachalo Polnomochij. Tip zapisi resursa DNS. System V Raznovidnost' Unix. TCP Protokol Upravleniya Peredachej. Protokol raboty s setyami. TCP/IP Obshchee opisanie nabora programm protokola Internet v celom. UDP Protokol Datagramm Pol'zovatelya. Protokol raboty s setyami. UUCP Kopirovanie iz Unix v Unix. Nabor programm setevyh transportnyh komand dlya setej telefonnyh vyzovov po nomeru. virtual beer Virtual'noe pivo lyubimyj spirtnoj napitok Kazhdogo Linux'era. Pervoe upominanie o virtual'nom pive, kotoroe ya pomnyu, bylo v primechanii vypuska Linux 0.98.X kernel, gde Linus upominal "Oxford Beer Trolls" v ego razdele kreditov dlya posylki nekotorogo virtual'nogo piva. YP ZHeltye Stranicy. Bolee staroe imya dlya NIS, kotoroe bol'she ne ispol'zuetsya, potomu chto ZHeltye Stranicy - marka izgotovitelya Britanskoj Telesvyazi. Odnako, bol'shinstvo NIS utilit sohranilo imena s prefiksom yp. Kto skazal chto geroi setej ostanutsya nevospetymi ?! 1. Predislovie 2 1.1. Dokumentaciya o Linux 3 1.2. Ob etoj knige 4 - 357 - 1.3. Oficial'no Napechatannaya Versiya 5 1.4. Dopolnitel'naya Informaciya 6 1.5. Ob Avtorah 7 1.6. Blagodarnosti 8 1.7. Uslovnye Oboznacheniya 9 1.8. Proekt linux dokumentacii 10 1.9. Standartnaya organizaciya fajlov sistemy 11 2. Obshchie svedeniya o setyah. 12 2.1. Vvedenie. 12 2.2. UUCP seti. 13 2.2.1. Kak Ispol'zovat' UUCP 14 2.3. TCP/IP Seti 16 2.3.1. Vvedenie v TCP/IP-seti. 16 2.3.2. Ethernet 18 2.3.3. Drugie tipy apparatnyh sredstv 20 2.3.4. Internet Protokol(IP) 21 2.3.5. IP na posledovatel'nyh linij 22 2.3.6. Protokol Kontrolya Peredachi (TCP) 23 2.3.7. Pol'zovatel'skij protokol dejtagram(UDP) 24 2.3.8. Dopolnitel'no o portah 24 2.3.9. Biblioteka gnezd(socket) 25 2.4. Linux seti 26 2.4.1. Drugie puti razvitiya 27 2.4.2. Gde poluchit' kod 28 2.5. Podderzhka Vashej sistemy 28 2.5.1. Bezopasnost' sistemy 29 2.6. Obzor sleduyushchih glav 31 3. Problemy TCP/IP seti 33 3.1. Setevoj interfejs 33 3.2. IP adresa 34 3.3. Address Resolution(poisk po adresu). 35 3.4. IP marshrutizaciya 37 3.4.1. IP Seti 37 3.4.2. Podseti 37 3.4.3. Gateways 39 3.4.4. Tablica marshrutizacii 40 - 358 - 3.4.5. Metricheskie znacheniya 42 3.5. The Internet Control Message Protocol 42 3.6. Sistema imen oblastej (Domain Name System) 43 3.6.1 Poisk po imeni (Hostname Resolution) 43 3.6.2. O DNS 45 3.6.3 Poisk imeni s pomoshch'yu DNS 47 3.6.4 Oblastnye servera imen (Domain Name Servers) 48 3.6.5 Baza dannyh DNS 49 3.6.6. Obratnyj poisk. 51 4. Konfigurirovanie setevyh apparatnyh sredstv. 55 4.1. Ustrojstva, drajvera, i vse eto 55 4.2. Konfigurirovanie yadra 57 4.2.1. Opcii yadra v Linux 1.0 i vyshe 58 4.2.2. Opcii yadra v Linux 1.1.14 i vyshe 60 4.3. Puteshestvie po setevym ustrojstvam Linux 62 4.4. Ustanovka Ethernet 63 4.4.1. Prokladka Ethernet kabelya. 64 4.4.2. Podderzhka platy 64 4.4.3. Avtomaticheskoe opredelenie Ethernet 65 4.5. PLIP Drajver 68 4.6. SLIP i PPP Drajvera 69 5. Ustanovka posledovatel'nyh apparatnyh sredstv 70 5.1. Kommunikacionnoe programmnogo obespecheniya dlya modemnoj svyazi 70 5.2. Predstavleniya posledovatel'nyh ustrojstv 71 5.3. Dostup k posledovatel'nym ustrojstvam 72 5.4. Apparatnye Sredstva dlya posledovatel'nyh linij. 74 6. Konfigurirovanie TCP/IP seti 77 6.1. Ustanovka fajlovoj sistemy proc 77 6.2. Ustanovka binarnikov 78 6.3. Drugoj primer 79 6.4. Ustanovka imeni hosta 79 6.5. Naznachenie IP Adresov 80 6.6. Napisanie hosts i networks fajlov 82 6.7. Konfiguraciya interfejsa dlya IP 84 6.7.1. Interfejs loopback 85 - 359 - 6.7.2. Ethernet interfejsy 87 6.7.3. Marshrutizaciya cherez Gateway 90 6.7.4. Konfigurirovanie Gateway 91 6.7.5. PLIP interfejs 92 6.7.6. SLIP i PPP Interfejsy 93 6.7.7. Dummy(fiktivnyj) interfejs 94 6.8. Vse o ifconfig 94 6.9. Proverka s pomoshch'yu netstat 98 6.9.1. Otobrazhenie tablicy marshrutizacii 98 6.9.2. Otobrazhenie statistiki interfejsa 99 6.9.3. Otobrazhenie soedinenij 100 6.10. Proverka ARP Tablicy 101 6.11. Budushchee 103 7. Nazvaniya servisa i konfiguraciya reshayushchego ustrojstva. 105 7.1 Biblioteka reshayushchih ustrojstv. 105 7.1.1 Fajl konfiguracii hosta. 106 7.1.2 Parametry sredy okruzheniya reshayushchego ustrojstva. 107 7.1.3 Konfigurirovanie servera poiska --- resolv.conf 108 7.1.4 Oshibkoustojchivost' reshayushchego ustrojstva. 109 7.2 Zapusk named. 110 7.2.1 Fajl named.boot. 111 7.2.2 DNS fajl bazy dannyh. 114 7.2.3 Zapis' glavnyh fajlov. 118 7.2.4 Proverka ustanovki servera(Name Server Setup). 119 7.2.5 Drugie poleznye instrumental'nye sredstva 125 8. Posledovatel'naya liniya IP 126 8.1 Obshchie trebovaniya. 126 8.2 SLIP Operaciya. 127 8.3 Ispol'zovanie dip 130 8.3.1 Tipovoj Script(scenarij). 130 8.3.2 Dip ssylka. 133 8.3.2.1 Komandy Modema. 134 8.3.2.2 echo i term. 135 8.3.2.3 Get Komanda. 135 8.3.2.4 Print komanda 136 8.3.2.5 Peremennye imena(Variable Names) 136 - 360 - 8.3.2.6 If i Goto Komandy 137 8.3.2.7 send, wait i sleep 137 8.3.2.8 mode i default 138 8.4 Zapusk v server rezhime 138 9. Dvuhtochechnyj Protokol(point-to-point protocol) 140 9.1 Rasputyvayushchij P's 140 9.2 PPP na Linux 141 9.3 Zapusk pppd 143 9.4 Ispol'zovanie fajlov opcij 144 9.5 Nabor nomera s chat 146 9.6 Otladka vashej PPP ustanovki 149 9.7 IP opcii konfiguracii 149 9.7.1 Vybor IP adresov 150 9.7.2 Napravlenie cherez svyaz' PPP 151 9.8 Opcii upravleniya svyaz'yu 153 9.9 Obshchie rassmotreniya zashchity 155 9.10 Ustanovlenie podlinnosti s PPP 156 9.11 Konfigurirovanie PPP servera 161 10. Razlichnye setevye prilozheniya 163 10.1 Inetd super-server 163 10.2 Tcpd sredstva upravleniya dostupom 166 10.4 Distancionnoe upravlenie 170 10.5 Konfigurirovanie r komand 172 11. Setevaya informacionnaya sistema 175 11.1 Znakomstvo s NIS 177 11.2 NIS protiv NIS + 181 11.3 Klientskaya Storona NIS 182 11.4 Zapusk NIS Servera 182 11.5 Ustanovka NIS Klienta s NYS 184 11.6 Vybor pravyh otobrazhenij 186 11.7 Ispol'zovanie passwd i gruppy Maps 188 11.8 Ispol'zovanie NIS s Shadow Support 191 11.9 Ispol'zovanie tradicionnogo NIS koda. 192 12. Setevaya fajlovaya sistema (NFS) 193 - 361 - 12.1 Podgotovka NFS 196 12.2 Ustanovka NFS znacheniya 197 12.3 NFS daemon(oblast') 200 12.4 fajl eksporta 201 12.5 Linux Automounter 204 13. Upravlenie Taylor UUCP 205 13.1 Hronologiya 205 13.1.1 Podrobnaya informaciya o UUCP 207 13.2 Vvedenie 207 13.2.1 Obzor Peredach UUCP i udalennogo zapuska 207 13.2.2 Vnutrennie raboty uucico 208 13.2.3 Opcii komandnoj stroki uucico 210 13.3 Fajly Konfiguracii UUCP 211 13.3.1 Nezhnoe Vvedenie v Taylor UUCP 211 13.3.2 CHto Dolzhen Znat' UUCP 214 13.3.3 Naimenovanie Mesta 215 13.3.4 Taylor Fajly Konfiguracii 216 13.3.5 Obshchie Opcii Konfiguracii - config fajl 217 13.3.6 Kak skazat' UUCP o drugih sistemah - sys Fajl 218 13.3.6.1 Imya Sistemy 218 13.3.6.2 Nomer telefona 218 13.3.6.3 Opcii Port i Speed 219 13.3.6.4 Login chat (Druzheskaya beseda Vhodv v uistemu) 220 13.3.6.5 Al'ternativy 222 13.3.6.6 Ogranichenie vremeni vyzova 223 13.3.7 Opisanie ustrojstv(Devices) - fajl port 224 13.3.8 Kak nabirat' nomer - fajl dial 226 13.3.9 UUCP poverh TCP 228 13.3.10 Ispol'zovanie pryamogo soedineniya 229 13.4 CHto delat' UUCP, a chto net - nastrojka dostupa 230 13.4.1 Vypolnenie komand 230 13.4.2 Peredacha fajlov 230 13.4.3 Peresylka 232 13.5 Nastrojka vashej Sistemy. 233 13.5.1 Ustanovka getty 233 13.5.2 Obespechenie UUCP Scheta(account) 233 13.5.3 Zashchita protiv ZHulikov 235 - 362 - 13.5.4 Budte bditelny - proverki posledovatel'nosti obrashcheniya 236 13.5.5 Anonimnyj UUCP 238 13.6 UUCP Protokoly nizkogo urovnya 239 13.6.1 Kratkij obzor protokolov 239 13.6.2 Nastrojka Protokola Peredachi 241 14. |lektronnaya pochta 247 14.1 CHto takoe - Soobshcheniya Pochty? 248 14.2 Kak Peredaetsya Pochta? 251 14.3 Email Adresa 252 14.4 Kak Rabotaet Marshrutizaciya? 253 14.4.1 Marshrutizaciya Pochty v Internet 253 14.4.2 Marshrutizaciya Pochty v Mire UUCP 254 14.4.3 Smeshivanie UUCP i RFC 822 256 14.5 Pathalias i Format fajla Karty 258 14.6 Konfigurirovanie elm 261 14.6.1 Global'nye Opcii elm 261 14.6.2 Nacional'nyj Nabor Simvolov 262 15. Poluchenie smail i Vypolnenie 263 15.1 UUCP Ustanovki 265 15.2 Ustanovki dlya lokal'noj seti 267 15.2.1 Napisanie Fajlov Konfiguracii 267 15.2.2 Vypolnenie smail 269 15.3 Esli Ne Prohodit ... 270 15.3.1 Kompilyaciya smail 272 15.4 Rezhimy dostavki Pochty 272 15.5 Raznoobraznaya konfiguraciya Opcij 273 15.6 Marshrutizaciya i Poluchenie Soobshchenij 274 15.7 Marshrutizaciya Soobshchenij 274 15.7.1 Baza dannyh putej 277 15.8 Postavka Soobshchenij Lokal'nym Adresam 277 15.8.1 Lokal'nye Pol'zovateli 278 15.8.2 Peresylki 279 15.8.3 Special'nye Fajly 279 15.8.4 Spiski Otpravki po pochte 280 15.9 UUCP-Transport 281 15.10 SMTP-Transport 282 - 363 - 15.11 Kvalifikaciya Hostname 282 16. Sendmail + IDA 283 16.1 Vvedenie v Sendmail + IDA 283 16.2 Fajly Konfiguracii --- Kratkij obzor 284 16.3 Sendmail.cf Fajl 285 16.3.1 Primer Fajla Sendmail.m4 286 16.3.2 Obychno Ispol'zuemye sendmail.m4 Parametry 286 16.3.2.1 Predmety, kotorye Opredelyayut Puti 287 16.3.2.2 Opredelenie Lokal'nogo Mailer'a 288 16.3.2.3 Obrabotka Bounced-pochty 289 16.3.2.4 Vozmozhnosti Imeni Oblasti 289 16.3.2.5 Opredelenie Lokal'noj Sistemy 289 16.3.2.6 Uucp-zavisimye Aspekty 290 16.3.2.7 Relay-Sistemy i Mailer'y 290 16.3.2.8 Razlichnye Tablicy Konfiguracii 291 16.3.2.9 Glavnyj Fajl Sendmail.mc 291 16.3.2.10 Tak kotorye Vhody Dejstvitel'no trebuyutsya? 291 16.4 Prosmotr Sendmail + IDA Tablic 292 16.4.1 Mailertable 292 16.4.2 Uucpxtable 294 16.4.3 pathtable 295 16.4.4 domaintable 296 16.4.5 aliases 296 16.4.6 Redko Ispol'zuemye Tablicy 298 16.5 Ustanovka sendmail 298 16.5.1 Izvlechenie dvoichnogo raspredeleniya 299 16.5.2 Formirovanie sendmail.cf 299 16.5.3 Testirovanie fajla sendmail.cf 300 16.5.4 Pomeshchenie vsego vmeste - 303 16.6 Administrirovanie i Glupye Priemy Pochty 305 16.6.1 Peresylka Pochty V Otdalennuyu Sistemu 306 16.6.2 Pochta Dlya Nekonfigurirovannogo Otdalennogo Abonena 306 16.6.3 Pochta, kotoraya budet peremeshchena cherez UUCP 307 16.6.4 Predotvrashchenie Peredachi Pochty cherez UUCP 307 16.6.5 Vypolnenie Ocheredi Sendmail po trebovaniyu 308 16.6.6 Statistika Pochty 308 16.7 Smeshivanie i Sootvetstvie Dvoichnyh Raspredelenij 309 - 364 - 16.8 Gde Poluchit' Podrobnuyu informaciyu 309 17. Netnews 310 17.1 Usenet Hronologiya 310 17.2 CHto yavlyaetsya Usenet, Vo vsyakom sluchae? 310 17.3 Kak v Usenet Obrabatyvayut Novosti? 311 18. "C" Novosti 312 18.1 Postavka Novostej 312 18.2 Ustanovka 313 18.3 Sistemnyj fajl 315 18.4 Fajl active 318 18.5 Paketirovanie Stat'i 319 18.6 Ustarevshie Novosti 322 18.7 Raznoobraznye Fajly 324 18.8 Soobshcheniya Upravleniya 326 18.8.1 Soobshchenie Otmena 326 18.8.2 Newgroup i rmgroup 327 18.8.3 Checkgroups Soobshchenie 327 18.8.4 sendsys, version, i senduuname 329 18.9 C News v NFS Srede 329 18.10 Instrumental'nye sredstva Soprovozhdeniya i Zadachi 330 19. Opisanie NNTP 332 19.1 Vvedenie 332 19.2 Ustanovka NNTP servera 334 19.3 Ogranichenie NNTP Dostupa 334 19.4 NNTP Razreshenie 336 19.5 Nntpd Vzaimodejstvie s C News 336 20. Konfiguraciya Newsreader 337 20.1 Konfiguraciya tin 338 20.2 Trn Konfiguraciya 339 20.3 Konfiguraciya nn 340 APPENDIX A 342 APPENDIX B 343 APPENDIX C 351