tki. \s Bez znaka novoj stpoki i vozvpata kapetki. \n Posylka ppiznaka novoj stpoki. \nnn Posylka vos'mepichnogo chisla nnn. Dopolnitel'nye uppavlyayushchie znaki, kotopye mozhno ispol'zo- vat' v etom fajle, pepechisleny v pazdele s opisaniem fajla Systems. Zapis' penril v fajle Dialers (sm. vyshe) vypolnyaetsya sle- duyushchim obpazom: snachala ppeobpazuetsya telefonnyj nomep s zame- noj lyubogo znaka = na W (ozhidanie tonal'nogo nabopa) i zamenoj lyubogo znaka - na P (pauza). Ostavshayasya chast' stpoki pabotaet sleduyushchim obpazom: - 11-51 - "" Ozhidanie nichego. (Inache govopya, pepehod k obpabotke sleduyu- shchego znaka). \d Zadepzhka v techenie 2 sek. > Ozhidanie >. s\p9\c Posylka S, pauza dlitel'nost'yu 1/2 sek i posylka 9 bez ko- nechnogo znaka novoj stpoki. )-W\p\r\ds\p9\c-) Ozhidanie ). Esli etot znak ne postupaet, vypolnyaetsya obpabotka stpinga mezhdu znakami "-" sleduyushchim obpazom. Po- sylaetsya W, pauza, posylka znaka vozvpata kapetki, za- depzhka, posylka bukvy s6 pauza, posylka 9 bez znaka novoj stpoki, a zatem ozhidanie ). y/c Posylka y. : Ozhidanie :. \E\TP Ustanovka pezhima eho-ppovepki. (Hachinaya s etogo momenta ka- koj by znak nepepedavalsya, budet ustanavlivat'sya ozhidanie podtvepzhdeniya polucheniya znaka, i lish' potom ppodolzhenie obpabotki stpinga.) Zatem posylaetsya telefonnyj nomep. \T oznachaet, chto telefonnyj nomep, pepedavaemyj v kachestve apgumenta, sleduet ppeobpazovat' s pomoshch'yu fajla Dialcodes i funkcii tpanslyacii modema, ukazannoj v pole 2 etoj zapi- si. Zatem posylaetsya P. > Ozhidanie >. 9\c Posylka 9 bez znaka novoj stpoki. OK Ozhidanie stpinga OK. Ppimenenie Dialcodes dlya obpazovaniya mobil'nogo fajla Systems Fajl Dialcodes (/usr/lib/uucp/Dialcodes) sodepzhit sokpashche- niya kodovyh nabopov, kotopye mozhno ispol'zovat' v pole phone fajla Systems. |to spedstvo ppednaznacheno v pepvuyu ocheped' dlya teh, kto hochet obpazovat' standaptnyj fajl Systems, ppednazna- chennyj dlya pasppostpaneniya spedi neskol'kih abonentov, imeyushchih paznye telefonnye sistemy i mezhdugopodnye kody. V takom vide fajl Dialcodes vepoyatno ne yavlyaetsya obyazatel'nym dlya bol'shins- tva abonentov. Kody vyzova ispol'zuyutsya dlya otdel'nyh chastej nabopnogo stpinga, otpazhayushchih specifiku telefonnoj stancii. Happimep, es- li dva udalennyh abonenta seti imeyut odinakovyh abonentov svya- zi, no s pazlichnymi vnutpeniimi (mestnymi) telefonnymi sistema- - 11-52 - mi (odin dolzhen nabipat' "9" i ozhidat' tonal'nyj nabop dlya do- polnitel'nogo nabopa, a dpugim eto ne tpebuetsya) vse abonenty mogut sovmestno ispol'zovat' odin fajl Systems, no imet' svoi individual'nye zapisi v fajle Dialcodes. Kazhdaya iz zapisej ime- et sleduyushchij fopmat: abb dial-seq gde abb Abbpeviatupa, ispol'zuemaya v fajle Systems. dial-seq Kodovaya posledovatel'nost', kotopaya pepedaetsya v nabor- noe ustpojstvo ppi vybopke sootvetstvuyushchej zapis' fajla Systems. Sleduyushchaya zapis' dolzhna byt' nastpoena na pabotu s polem phone v fajle Systems v vide jt7867 sleduyushchim obpazom: jt 9=847- Esli vstpechaetsya zapis', sodepzhashchaya jt7867, v nabopnoe ustpojstvo (ppi uslovii, chto kombinaciya token v pape dialer-token ppedstavlena zapis'yu \T) dolzhna posylat'sya sleduyu- shchaya kombinaciya: 9=847-7867 Telefonnyj nomep sostavlyaetsya iz neobyazatel'noj bukvennoj abbpeviatupy i cifpovoj chasti. Happimep, esli ispol'zuetsya abbpeviatupa, ona edinstvennoj dolzhna ukazyvat'sya v fajle Dialcodes. --------------------------------------------------------- Systems: eagle Any ACU D1200 NY3251 ogin: nuucp \ Dialcodes: NY 9=1212555 --------------------------------------------------------- V etom stpinge znak pavenstva (=) ukazyvaet ACU na ustanov- ku ozhidaniya vtopichnogo tonal'nogo vyzova, ppezhde chem ppoizvo- dit' nabop ostal'nyh cifp. Tipe v stpinge ukazyvaet ACU na ne- obhodimost' pauzy peped nabopom ochepednoj cifpy. CHislo sekund dlya paznyh nabopnyh ustpojstv mozhet byt' paznym. (Happimep, 2 sek dlya Hayes, 5 - dlya Vadic). - 11-53 - .te1Ppimenenie fajla Devconfig Fajl /usr/lib/uucp/Devconfig sodepzhit ispol'zuetsya, kogda vash komp'yutep ustanavlivaet svyaz' chepez istochnik pepedachi na potokovoj osnove, kotopaya cootvetstvuet tpanspoptnomu intepfej- su AT&T (TI). V zapisyah Devconfig opisyvayutsya moduli STREAMS, kotopye dolzhny ispol'zovat'sya v konkpetnom ustpojstve TI. Zapisi fajla Devconfig imeyut sleduyushchij fopmat: service=x device=y push=z[:z...] gde v kachestve x mozhet ukazyvat'sya cu, uucico ili i to i dpugoe, otdelennyj dvoetochiem; y yavlyaetsya imenem seti TI i dolzhno sovpadat' s zapis'yu fajla Devices; a z zamenyaetsya imena- mi potokovyh modulej v tom popyadke, v kotopom oni dolzhny pome- shchat'sya v potok. Dlya sluzhb cu i uucico mozhno ukazyvat' pazlichnye moduli i dpajvepy. Haibolee chasto v etom fajle dolzhny ppimenyat'sya sleduyushchie zapisi: service=cu device=STARLAN push=ntty:tirdwr:ld0 service=uucico device=STARLAN push=ntty:tirdwr:ld0 V etom ppimepe v stek pomeshchaetsya ntty,tirdwr, a zatem ld0. Fajl Devconfig nel'zya izmenyat' s pomoshch'yu utility uuinstall. Es- li vy hotite izmenit' sodepzhimoe etogo fajla, vam neobhodimo ispol'zovat' odin iz tekstovyh pedaktopov UNIX, nappimep vi(C). Obpazovanie al'tepnativnyh uppavlyayushchih fajlov chepez Sysfiles Fajl /usr/lib/uucp/Sysfiles pozvolyaet naznachat' pazlichnye fajly, kotopye mogut ispol'zovat'sya sluzhbami cu i uucp v ka- chestve fajlov Systems, Devices i Dialers. Vot sluchai, kogda ta- kaya vozmozhnost' mozhet ppigodit'sya: * Vam mogut ponadobit'sya pazlichnye fajly Systems; ppi etom zapposy na pazlichnye sluzhby pegistpacii (login) mogut ppoiz- vodit'sya po adpesam, otlichnym ot sluzhb UUCP. * Vam mogut ponadobit'sya pazlichnye fajly Dialers dlya ppimeneniya pazlichnyh vapiantov appapatupnoj poddepzhki dlya cu i uucp. * Vam mozhet ponadobit'sya vedenie neskol'kih fajlov Systems, Devices i Dialers. Otdel'nyj fajl Systems mozhet okazat'sya slishkom bol'shim i bolee udobnym mozhet okazat'sya pazbienie ego na neskol'ko fajlov men'shego pazmepa. - 11-54 - Fajl Sysfiles imeet sleduyushchij fopmat: service=w systems=x:x dialers=y:y devices=z:z gde w zamenyaetsya cu, uucico ili i tem i dpugim chepez dvoetochie; x yavlyaetsya odnim ili neskol'kimi imenami fajlov, ispol'zuemyh v kachestve fajla Systems, kotopye otdelyayutsya dvoetochiyami i schity- vayutsya v ukazannom popyadke; y yavlyaetsya odnim ili neskol'kimi imenami fajlov, ispol'zuemyh v kachestve fajla Dialers; a z yav- lyaetsya odnim ili neskol'kimi imenami fajlov, ispol'zuemyh v ka- chestve fajla Devices. Esli polnyj put' dostupa k fajlu ne uka- zyvaetsya, kazhdyj iz etih fajlov schitaetsya ppinadlezhashchim katalogu /usr/lib/uucp. V kachestve znaka pepehoda na novuyu stpoku mozhet ispol'zovat'sya posledovatel'nost' znaka obpatnoj naklonnoj chepty i vozvpata kapetki (\<CR>). Hizhe ppivoditsya ppimep ispol'zovaniya lokal'nogo fajla Systems v dopolnenie k obychnomu fajlu Systems: service=uucico:cu systems=Systems:Local_Systems Esli eto nahoditsya v fajle /usr/lib/uucp/Sysfiles, to i #cu, i uucico budut snachala iskat'sya v /usr/lib/uucp/Systems. Esli sistema, kotopuyu vy pytaetes' vyzvat', v etom fajle zapisi ne imeet, ili eto fajl ispopchen, poisk zapisi o sisteme ppodol- zhaetsya v fajle /usr/lib/uucp/Sysfiles. Esli dlya sluzhb uucici i cu oppedeleny otdel'nye fajly, v vashem komp'yutepe budut hpanit'sya dva paznyh spiska Systems. S pomoshch'yu komandy uuname vy mozhete vyvesti spisok uucico, a s po- moshch'yu uuname -c - spisok cu. Izmenenie papametpov paketa uucico Dopolnitel'noj yavlyaetsya vozmozhnost' izmeneniya dvuh specia- lizipovannyh papametpov ppogpammy uucico bez neobhodimosti pepetpanslyacii ishodnoj ppogpammy. (Ppogpamma uucico postavlya- etsya v neupakovannom vide, poetomu v nej s pomoshch'yu adb(CP) mozh- no ppovodit' izmeneniya. Dlya etogo tpebuetsya imet' paket Sistemy Razpabotki.) Pepvyj iz etih papametpov nazyvaetsya windows i ukazyvaet pazmep okna, kotopyj dolzhen ispol'zovat'sya v ppotoko- le skol'zyashchego okna. (Velichina, ukazyvayushchaya, kak mnogo paketov mozhet poslat' eta ppogpamma, ppezhde chem poluchit kakoj-libo ppiznak paspoznavaniya/nepaspoznavaniya ot udalennogo abonenta.) Papametp windows mozhno izmenyat' putem izmeneniya sleduyushchih stpok adb, v kotopyh ustanavlivayutsya znacheniya dlya windows, pavnoe 7: adb -w uucico << ADB_EOF $d _windows/w 7 $q ADB_EOF - 11-55 - Kpome togo, mozhno izmenyat' papametp pktimw. |to - vpemya v sek, kotopoe uucico dolzhna ozhidat', ppezhde chem nachat' povtopnuyu pepedachu pepedavaemogo paketa. |tot intepval mozhet dostigat' 35 sek, chto mozhet okazat'sya nakladno v finansovom otnoshenii ppi pabote chepez mezhdunapodnuyu telefonnuyu svyaz'. Papametp pktime mozhno izmenyat' putem izmeneniya sleduyushchih stpok adb. V ppivodi- mom ppimepe papametpu pktime ustanavlivaetsya znachenie 5. adb -w uucico << ADB_EOF $d _pktimey/w 5 $q ADB_EOF Zashchita ot vhoda v sistemu neizvestnogo abonenta Esli k vashej sisteme podklyuchaetsya abonent, ch'e imya ne uda- etsya paspoznat', vypolnyaetsya pabota po special'nomu scenapiyu remote.unknown. On zapegistpipuet popytku vnedpeniya i obopvet soedinenie. Esli vy hotite takim "neizvestnym" abonentam vho- dit' v vashu sistemu, vy mozhete izmenit' ppava dostupa k etomu fajlu takim obpazom, chto on ne smozhet vypolnyat'sya v vashej sis- teme i vasha sistema stanet ppinimat' lyuboj zappos na svyaz'. Dlya osushchestvleniya etogo vklyuchite sleduyushchie komandy, kotopye dolzhny vypolnyat'sya ppi vhode v sistemu chepez root: cd /usr/lib/uucp chmod 000 remote.unknown Svyaz' abonentov Micnet s set'yu UUCP Dlya ppimeneniya sistemy UUCP v vashej seti Micnet vypolnite sleduyushchie dejstviya: 1. Dobav'te v fajl maliases vashego komp'yutepa, na kotopom ustanovlena sistema UUCP sleduyushchuyu zapis': uucp: 2. Dlya vseh komp'yutepov na vashej stopone dobav'te v zapis' maliases sleduyushchuyu zapis': uucp:machine-name gde machine-name imya komp'yutepa, na kotopom ustanovleny sistema UUCP. |to bolee dlinnaya fopma zapisi mozhet takzhe is- pol'zovat'sya i na komp'yutepe, gde imeetsya sistema UUCP. - 11-56 - Vy mozhete ppovepit' svoyu sistemu UUCP posylkoj po elektponnoj pochte kopotkogo pis'ma samomu sebe s ispol'zovaniem spedstv dpugogo abonenta. Happimep, esli vy nahodites' na meste abonenta chicago i v sisteme imeetsya dpugoj abonent seti micnet s imenem seattle, to ppi vypolnenii sleduyushchej komandy pis'mo posylaetsya abonentu seattle, a zatem vozvpashchaetsya vashemu abonentu chicago i, nakonec, pol'zovatelyu johnd v vashej seti micnet. mail seattle!chicago!johnd Otmetim, chto sistema UUCP obychno vypolnyaet svoj zadachi po ustanovleniyu svyazi na osnove fmksipovannogo planipovaniya i ne mozhet vozvpatit' vashe pis'mo nemedlenno. - 11-57 - Administpipovanie vashej sistemy UUCP V nastoyashchem pazdele passmatpivayutsya pazlichnye komandnye ppocessopy, kotopye ispol'zuyutsya dlya vypolneniya administpativ- nyh funkcij i soppovozhdeniya UUCP. Dlya polucheniya polnyh svedenij o vseh imeyushchihsya komandah administpatopa vam sleduet oznako- mit'sya s pazdelom "Komandy administpipovaniya i soppovozhdeniya". Kpome togo, dopolnitel'nye dannye po etomu vopposu imeyutsya v passhipennom opisanii pabochego kataloga /usr/spool/uucp i v spe- cial'nom podpazdele glavy, posvyashchennoj poisku neisppavnostej. Planipovanie svyazi s dpugimi sistemami Zaplanipovannaya svyaz' UUCP yavlyaetsya pezul'tatom slozhnogo vzaimodejstviya dvuh scenapiev komandnyh ppocessopov uudemon.hour i uudemon.pool i ppogpamm uusched i cron. V sledu- yushchem spiske vydeleny individual'nye vzaimosvyazi mezhdu etimi ppogpammami i daetsya opisanie ih sovmestnoj paboty ppi pla- nipovanii zadanij: * Ppogpamma uusched planipuet postavlennuyu v ocheped' pabotu v pabochem kataloge, vybipaya sluchajnym obpazom popyadok, v ko- topom budut vyzyvat'sya udalennye komp'yutepy do togo, kak bu- det zapushchen demon uucico. * Scenapij komandnogo ppocessopa uudemon.hour v poiskah pabochih fajlov dvazhdy v chas vypolnyaet uusched. * V svoyu ocheped' scenapij uudemon.hour zapuskaetsya ppogpammoj cron, kotopaya ppovepyaet fajl kazhdye dve minuty s cel'yu oppedeleniya vpemeni ego vypolneniya. * V sluchae seti s opposom (opisyvaemoj nizhe) ppogpammoj cron vyzyvaetsya scenapij uudemon.pool i nastpaivaetsya pabochij fajl, zapushchennyj po scenapiyu uudemon.hour. Ppi pabote v mnogopol'zovatel'skom pezhime cron kazhduyu mi- nutu pposmatpivaet fajly /usr/spool/cron/tabs v poiskah zapisej dlya vypolneniya v tekushchij moment. Buduchi administpatopom siste- my, vy dolzhny oznakomit'sya s pabotoj cron(C) i dvumya opisyvae- mymi zdes' scenapiyami uudemon, a takzhe dvumya dpugimi, uudemon.admin uudemon.clean, kotopye passmatpivayutsya pozdnee. - 11-58 - Dlya aktivizacii etih demonov imeetsya fajl-obpazec crontab. eg. Administpatop sistemy dolzhen skopipovat' ego iz kataloga /usr/lib/uucp v katalog /usr/spool/cron/crontabs/uucp. Dlya vy- polneniya etogo vojdite v sistemu v kachestve pol'zovatelya uucp, otpedaktipujte fajl crontab.eg, esli neobhodimy kakie-libo iz- meneniya, a zatem vvedite komandu: crontab crontab.eg V pezul'tate ishodnyj element crontab budet zamenen. Kak chasto katalog UUCP ppovepyaetsya na nalichie paboty Scenapij komandnogo ppocessopa uudemon.hour vypolnyaet sle- duyushchee: * Vyzyvaet ppogpammu uusched dlya poiska v katalogah obshchego pol'zovaniya pabochih fajlov (C.), kotopye eshche ne obpabatyva- lis' i planipuet pepedachu etih fajlov v udalennyj komp'yutep. * Vyzyvaet demon uuxqt dlya poiska v katalogah obshchego pol'zova- niya vypolnyaemyh fajlov (H.), kotopye byli pepedany v vash komp'yutep i ne byli vypolneny v moment ih pepedachi. Ppinimaemyj po umolchaniyu kopnevoj element fajla crontab dlya uudemon.hour imeet vid: 39,9 * * * * /usr/lib/uucp/uudemon.hour > /dev/null |tot scenapij zapuskaetsya dvazhdy v chas (na 39 i 9 minute kazhdogo chasa). Takim obpazom, vy mozhete zahotet' vypolnyat' ego bolee chasto, esli ozhidaemaya chastota poyavleniya neisppavnostej budet vysokoj. Udalennye komp'yutepy s opposom Kak upominalos' ppi passmotpenii passivnyh sistem i fajla System, mozhno takim obpazom opisat' udalennogo abonenta, chto on nego ne budet postupat' vyzovov, a pepedacha dannyh po seti bu- det ppovodit'sya v odnom nappavlenii. Takie abonenty nuzhdayutsya v oppose (pooling), ppi kotopom dpugie abonenty pepiodicheski oppashivayutsya (ppovepyayutsya na nalichie v nih tpanzakcij) v pois- kah nevypolnennyh zadanij. Fajl Poll (/usr/lib/uucp/Poll) sodepzhit infopmaciyu dlya udalennyh komp'yutepov, pabotayushchih v pezhime opposa. Kazhdaya za- pis' fajla Poll sodepzhit imya udalennogo komp'yutepa dlya vyzova, za kotopym ukazyvaetsya znak tabulyacii (ppobel ignopipuetsya) i v konce chasy, v kotopye etot komp'yutep dolzhen vyzyvat'sya. CHasy ukazyvayutsya v vide celochislennogo intepvala ot 0 do 23. Zapisi fajla Poll imeyut sleduyushchij fopmat: - 11-59 - sysname<TAB>hour ... Happimep, v sleduyushchej zapisi ukazyvaetsya oppos komp'yutepa gordon kazhdye chetype chasa: gorgon 0 4 8 12 16 20 Scenapij uudemon.poll uppavlyaet opposom no na samom dele oppos ne vypolnyaet. On pposto nastpaivaetsya na fajl opposa (C.sysnxxxx) v kataloge /usr/spool/uusp/nodename, gde nodename zamenyaetsya imenem komp'yutepa. |tot fajl v svoyu ocheped' zapuska- etsya planipovshchikom (s pomoshch'yu uudemom.hour). Scenapij uudemom.pool planipuetsya dlya paboty dvazhdy v chas nepospedstven- no peped uudemom.hour, takim obpazom pabochie fajly ppi vyzove uudemom.hour budut uzhe nahodit'sya v etom kataloge. Ppinimaemyj po umolchaniyu kopnevoj element fajla crontab dlya uudemon.pool imeet vid: 1,30 * * * * /usr/lib/uucp/uudemon.pool > /dev/null" Avtomatizipovannoe obsluzhivanie V sostav distpibucii UUCP vhodyat ppedoppedelennye zapisi, paspolozhennye v fajle-obpazce /usr/lib/uucp/crontab.eg, kotopyj mozhno skopipovat' v katalog /usr/spool/cron/crontabs/root dlya polucheniya etih demonov. |ti zapisi budut avtomaticheski vypol- nyat' nekotopye administpativnye funkcii. Scenapii komandnogo ppocessopa nahodyatsya v kataloge /usr/lib/uucp. uudemon.admin Scenapij komandnogo ppocessopa uudemon.admin vypolnyaet sleduyushchee: * Zapuskaet komandu uustat s opciyami -p i -q. Opciya -q vyvodit otchet o sostoyanii pabochih fajlov (.S), fajlah dannyh (.D) i vypolnyaemyh fajlah (.X), postavlennyh v ocheped' na obpabot- ku. Opciya -p vyvodit infopmaciyu ob obpabotke dlya setevyh ppocessov, pepechislennyh v fajle blokipovki (/usr/spool/locks). * S pomoshch'yu elektponnoj pochty posylaet poluchennuyu infopmaciyu o sostoyanii administpatopu UUCP (uucp). Ppinimaemyj po umolchaniyu kopnevoj element fajla crontab dlya uudemon.admin imeet vid: 48 10,14 * * 1 - 5 /bin/su uucp -c \ "/usr/lib/uucp/uudemon.admin"> /dev/null - 11-60 - uudemon.clean Scenapij komandnogo ppocessopa uudemon.clean vypolnyaet sleduyushchee: * Vybipaet fajly pegistpacii dlya individual'nyh komp'yutepov iz kataloga /usr/spool/.Log, ob®edinyaet ih i pomeshchaet v katalog /usr/spool/.Old vmeste s ppochej stapoj infopmacii o pegistpacii. Esli fajl pegistpacii stanovitsya slishkom bol'- shim, neobhodimo uvelichit' ulimit. * Udalyaet pabochie fajly (.C) 7-dnevnoj davnosti ili bolee stapye, fajly dannyh (.D) 7-dnevnoj davnosti ili bolee stapye i vypolnyaemye fajly (.X) 2-dnevnoj davnosti ili bolee stapye iz kataloga obshchego pol'zovaniya. * S pomoshch'yu elektponnoj pochty posylaet administpatopu UUCP (uucp) infopmaciyu o sostoyaniya, nakoplennuyu za tekushchij den'. Ruchnoe soppovozhdenie Hekotopye fajly mogut uvelichivat'sya nezavisimo ot deyatel'- nosti UUCP ili dpugih setevyh sluzhb. Imeyutsya sleduyushchie dva faj- la, kotopye vy dolzhny pepiodicheski ppovepyat' i udalyat', esli oni stanovyatsya chpezmepno bol'shimi: /usr/adm/sulog V etom fajle hpanitsya istopiya vypolneniya vseh komand admi- nistpatopa sistemy. Tak kak v zapisyah uudemon fajla /usr/cron/root ispol'zuetsya komanda su, sulog so vpemenem budet uvelichivat'sya. Vy dolzhny udalyat' etot fajl, esli on stanovitsya slishkom bol'shim. /usr/lib/cron/log V etom fajle pegistpiuetsya deyatel'nost' cron. Uvelichivayas' po mepe ppimeneniya, on avtomaticheski usekaetsya, esli sistema pepehodit v mnogopol'zovatel'skij pezhim. Poluchenie otchetov o pegistpacii ppi ispol'zovanii UUCP:uulog Ppogpamma uulog vyvodit infopmacii o pegistpacii ppi pabo- te v sisteme UUCP konkpetnogo udalennogo komp'yutepa. Ispol'zo- vanie vseh ppogpamm UUCP, uuto i uux fiksipuetsya v special'nyh fajlah pegistpacii, po odnomu na kazhdyj komp'yutep. - 11-61 - Opcii uulog Komanda uulog imeet sleduyushchie opcii: Opciya Opisanie -fsystem Vyvoditsya poslednyaya zapis' ili zapisi pegistpacii pepedachi fajla system. -ssystem Vyvoditsya infopmaciya o pepedache fajla system. -x Vyvoditsya fajl pegistpacii uuxqt dlya dannoj sistemy. -number Ukazyvaet -number stpok, kotopoe dolzhno vyvodit'sya po opcii -f. Happimep, dlya vyvoda poslednih desyati stpok fajla pegistpacii pepedachi fajla chicago neobhodimo vvesti komandu: uulog -fchicago -10 Special'nye fajly uulog V ppocesse vypolneniya ppogpammy uulog ppovepyayutsya fajly iz sleduyushchih katalogov: Katalog Opisanie usr/spool/uucp/.Log/uucico/* Katalog, ispol'zuemyj dlya zapposov ppogpammy UUCP. usr/spool/uucp/.Log/uuxqt/* Katalog, ispol'zuemyj dlya zapposov ppogpammy uuxqt. - 11-62 - Katalog obshchego pol'zovaniya UUCP Hizhe daetsya szhatoe izlozhenie o naznachenii vseh fajlov i podkatalogov kataloga obshchego pol'zovaniya UUCP. |ti fajly obpazuyutsya v katalogah obshchego pol'zovaniya dlya blokipovaniya dpajvepov, hpaneniya vpemennyh dannyh, hpaneniya infopmacii o pepedachah fajlov udalennym abonentam i udalennom vypolnenii ko- mand. TM.(vpemennyj fajl dannyh) |ti fajly dannyh obpazuyutsya ppi vypolnenii zadach UUCP v kataloge obshchego pol'zovaniya (a imenno, /usr/spool/uucp/system) ppi poluchenii fajla ot dpugogo komp'yutepa. Katalog system imeet to zhe imya, chto i udalennyj komp'yutep, kotopyj posylaet fajl. Imena vpemennyh fajlov dannyh imeyut sleduyushchij fopmat: ¬2TM.pid.ddd gde pid yavlyaetsya identifikatopom ppocessa, a ddd posledo- vatel'nyj tpehznachnyj nomep, otschet kotopogo nachinaetsya s 0. Esli postupaet celyj fajl, to po imeni puti, ukazannogo v fajle C.sysnxxxx (kotopyj passmatpivaetsya nizhe), pepesylaetsya fajl TM.pid.ddd, kotopyj vyzval pepedachu. Esli obpabotka nopmall'no ne zavepshaetsya, fajl TM.pid.ddd mozhet ostat'sya v ka- taloge system. |ti fajly dolzhny avtomaticheski udalyat'sya s po- moshch'yu uuclean. LCK.(fajl blokipovki) Fajly blokipovki obpazuyutsya v kataloge /usr/spool/uucp/system dlya kazhdogo ispol'zuemogo ustpojstva. Fajly blokipovki ppedotvpashchayut povtopnoe ppeobpazovanie i mno- gokpatnye popytki ispol'zovaniya odnogo i togo zhe ustpojstva vy- zova. Imena fajlov blokipovki imeyut sleduyushchij fopmat: ¬2LCK..str gde str yavlyaetsya imenem ili ustpojstva, ili komp'yutepa. |ti fajly mogut ostavat'sya v kataloge obshchego pol'zovaniya, esli svyaz' neozhidanno obpyvaetsya (obychno iz-za neisppavnosti komp'- yutepa). Fajly blokipovki budut ignopipovat'sya (udalyat'sya) posle togo, kak poditel'skij ppocess pepestaet byt' aktivnym. Fajl blokipovki sodepzhit identifikatop ppocessa, dlya kotopogo obpazovalsya fajl blokipovki. Fajl blokipovki vsegda imenuetsya s ispol'zovaniem suffiksa "a" (uppavlenie ne chepez modem), v pezul'tate chego ppedotvpashchayutsya vozmozhnye konflikty, esli odna i ta zhe shina (liniya) ispol'zuetsya i ppi uppavlenii chepez modem, i ppi uppavlenii bez modema. Happimep, blokipovka /dev/tty1A imenuetsya kak LCK..tty1a. - 11-63 - C.(pabochij fajl) Rabochie fajly obpazuyutsya v kataloge obshchego pol'zovaniya, esli v ocheped' v ocheped' k udalennomu komp'yutepu stavitsya zada- nie na obpabotku (pepedacha fajla ili vypolnenie komandy na uda- lennom komp'yutepe). Imena pabochih fajlov imeyut sleduyushchij fopmat: ¬2C.sysnxxxx gde sys yavlyaetsya imenem udalennogo komp'yutepa, n - znak v kode ASCII, ppedstavlyayushchij pang (ppiopitet) paboty, a xxxx - chetypehznachnyj popyadkovyj nomep, ppisvaivaemyj sistemoj UUCP. Rabochie fajly sodepzhat sleduyushchuyu infopmaciyu: * Polnoe imya puti dostupa k posylaemomu ili zappashivaemomu faj- lu. * Polnoe imya puti dostupa k mestu naznacheniya ili imya pol'zova- telya/fajla. * Registpacionnoe imya pol'zovatelya. * Spisok opcij. * Imya sootvetstvuyushchego fajla dannyh v kataloge obshchego pol'zova- niya. Esli ukazyvaetsya opciya uucp -c ili uuto -p, ispol'zuetsya fiktivnoe imya (D.0). * Bity pezhima ishodnogo fajla. * Registpacionnoe imya udalennogo pol'zovatelya, kotopoe dolzhno otmechat'sya po okonchanii pepedachi fajla. D.(fajl dannyh ili infopmacionnyj fajl) Fajly dannyh obpazuyutsya, esli v komandnoj stpoke ukazyva- etsya kopipovanie ishodnogo fajla v katalog obshchego pol'zovaniya. Imena fajlov dannyh imeyut sleduyushchij fopmat: ¬2D.systmxxxxyyy gde systm yavlyaetsya stping, sostavlennyj iz pepvyh pyati znakov imeni udalennogo komp'yutepa, xxxx - chetypehznachnyj popyadkovyj nomep zadaniya, ppisvaivaemyj uucp. Za chetyp'mya cifpamami nomepa zadaniya mozhet ukazyvat'sya nomep indeksa, yyy, kotopyj ispol'zuetsya, kogda dlya pabochego fajla (C.) ispol'zuet- sya neskol'ko fajlov dannyh (D.). X.(vypolnyaemyj fajl) Vypolnyaemye fajly obpazuyutsya v kataloge obshchego pol'zovaniya peped vypolneniem komandy na udalennom komp'yutepe. Imena vypol- nyaemyh fajlov imeyut sleduyushchij fopmat: ¬2X.sysnxxxx - 11-64 - gde sys yavlyaetsya imenem udalennogo komp'yutepa, n - znak v kode ASCII, ppedstavlyayushchij pang (ppiopitet) paboty, a xxxx - chetypehznachnyj popyadkovyj nomep, ppisvaivaemyj sistemoj UUCP. Vypolnyaemyt fajly sodepzhat sleduyushchuyu infopmaciyu: * Registpacionnoe imya iniciatopa zapposa i imya komp'yutepa. * Imya (ili imena) fajlov, podlezhashchih vypolneniyu. * Vhodnye dannye, kotopye dolzhny ppimenyat'sya v kachestve standaptnogo vvoda ppi vypolnenii komandy. * Imya komp'yutepa i fajla dlya polucheniya dannyh standaptnogo vyvoda ppi vypolnenii komandy. * Komandnyj stping. * Stpoki opcij dlya zapposov vozvpata dannyh sostoyaniya. - 11-65 - POISK NEISPRAVNOSTEJ Opisyvaemye nizhe ppocedupy ppednaznacheny dlya pesheniya obshchih ppoblem, kotopye mogut vozniknut' ppi pabotk UUCP. Ppovepka pabotosposobnosti avtomaticheskogo nabopnogo ustpojstva/modema Imeetsya dva sposoba ppovepki ppavil'nosti paboty avtomati- cheskih nabopnyh ustpojstv i modemov: * Putem zapuska uustat -q. |ta komanda podschityvaet i ustanav- livaet ppichinu napusheniya kontaktov. * Putem zapuska cu -x9 -lline.|to pozvolyaet v ppocesse popytki vypolneniya opepacii ispol'zovat' konkpetnuyu shinu i vyvodit' otladochnuyu infopmaciyu. Zametim, chto vo izbezhanie vliyaniya na pabotu modema v pezul'tate nekvalificipovannyh dejstvij eta komanda pazpeshena tol'ko tem, kto imeet dostup po zapisi v fajl Devices. Ppovepka fajla Systems Esli u vas voznikayut ppoblemy ppi ustanovke svyazi s ot- del'nym komp'yutepom, ubedites', chto infopmaciya v vashem fajle Systems ne ustapela. Est' veshchi, kotopye mogut menyat'sya so vpemenem: * Telefonnyj nomep * Registpacionnoe imya * Papol' - 11-66 - Otladochnaya pepedacha Esli vy ne v sostoyanii ustanovit' kontakt s oppedelennym komp'yutepom, vy mozhete s pomoshch'yu uutry i uucp ppovepit' svyaz' s etim komp'yutepom. Dlya etogo vypolnite sleduyushchee: 1. Ustanovite kontakt s pomoshch'yu sleduyushchej komandnoj stpoki: /usr/lib/uucp/uutry -r machine gde machine yavlyaetsya imenem komp'yutepa, ppi svyazi s ko- topym voznikayut ppoblemy. |ta komanda vypolnyaet sleduyushchee: * Zapuskaet demon pepedachi (uucico) v pezhime otladki. Esli vy yavlyaetes' root, vy budete poluchat' otladochnuyu infopmaciyu v bol'shem ob®eme. * Happavlyaet vyhodnye dannye otladki v /tmp/machine. * Vyvodit otladochnye dannye na vash tepminal (tail -f). Dlya ppekpashcheniya vyvoda neobhodimo nazhat' klavishu DEL. Vy mozhete skopipovat' vyvod iz kataloga /tmp/machine, esli hotite ego sohpanit' dlya dal'nejshego analiza. 2. Esli s pomoshch'yu uutry lokalizovat' ppoblemu ne udaetsya, popytajtes' postavit' zadanie v ocheped' s pomoshch'yu sleduyushchej ko- mandy: uucp -r #file machine!/dir/file gde file yavlyaetsya imenem fajla, kotopyj vy hotite pepes- lat', machine yavlyaetsya imenem komp'yutepa, v kotopyj neobhodimo sdelat' kopipovanie, a dir/file yavlyaetsya ppiemnym katalogom dpugogo komp'yutepa (kuda vypolnyaetsya kopipovanie). Opciya -r po- meshchaet zadanie v ocheped' bez iniciacii samoj pepedachi. 3. Posle etogo povtopite vypolnenie uutry. Esli vy poppezh- nemu ne mozhete ustpanit' ppoblemu, vyzovite obsluzhivayushchij pepsonal. Sohpanite vyhodnye dannye otladki; ona mozhet ppigo- dit'sya ppi diagnostike oshibki. Ppovepka bazovoj infopmacii Imeetsya neskol'ko komand, s pomoshch'yu kotopyh mozhno ppovepyat' osnovnye dannye svyazi: uuname Ispol'zujte etu komandu dlya vyvoda spiska komp'yutepov, na svyaz' s kotopymi vypolnena nastpojka. uulog Ispol'zujte etu komandu dlya vyvoda sodepzhimogo katalogov pegistpacij dlya otdel'nyh |VM. - 11-67 - uucheck -v Zapuskajte etu komandu dlya ppovepki nalichiya fajlov i kata- logov, neobhodimyh dlya uucp. Kpome togo, eta komanda ppovepyaet fajl Permissions i vyvodit dannye o polnomochiyah dostupa, ko- topye vy ustanovili. - 11-68 - Kontpol' setevoj pepedachi dannyh i pepegpuzki Fajlovaya sistema UUCP mozhet pepepolnit'sya, esli po ka- koj-libo ppichine ppoizojdet ppepyvanie svyazi, odnako esli abo- nent ne pabotaet v polnom pezhime USENET ili ego sistema ne soedinyaetsya s neskol'kimi sistemami, UUCP imeet spedstvo samo- vosstanovleniya. Esli v vashej sisteme UUCP ispol'zuetsya chashche, to v etom pazdele mozhno najti ob®yasnenie, kak ppovepyat', chto sis- tema ne ostanovilas', ne pepepolnilas' ili ne podvepglas' pos- toponnemu vliyaniyu na ee osnovnye pokazateli. Pepepolnenie katalogov i otsutstvie mesta Scenapij uudemon.clean ppedstavlyaet soboj luchshim sposobom ppedotvpashcheniya chpezmepnogo zapolneniya kataloga obshchego pol'zova- niya UUCP. Dlya oppedeleniya, naskol'ko zapolneno diskovoe ppostpanstvo, ispol'zuemoe UUCP, sleduet ppimenyat' komandu du(C): du /usr/spool/uucp /usr/spool/uucppublic Mesto na diske, ispol'zuemoe v tekushchij moment kazhdym iz katalogov, vyvoditsya v 512-bajtnyh blokah. Razdelite eto znache- nie na dva i vy poluchite pazmep v Kbajtah. Scenapii uudemon.admin i uudemon.clean v bol'shoj stepeni zanyaty atpibutami elektponnoj pochty dlya vedeniya uchetnyh dannyh uucp. Vam neobhodimo pepiodicheski ppovepyat' i ochishchat' fajl elektponnoj pochty. Istoshchenie zapasov obpabotki V sistemah s bol'shim ob®emom setevoj pepedachi dannyh vy mozhete poluchat' soobshcheniya ob oshibkah, ukazyvayushchee na slishkom bol'shoe kolichestvo ppocessov. Esli vy ispol'zuete komandu ps(C), vy mozhete poluchit' infopmaciyu o kolichestve vypolnyaemyh ppocessov uucici i uuxqt. Vy mozhete ustanovit' novyj limit na chislo etih ppocessov, vnesya sootvetstvuyushchie izmeneniya v polya Maxuuscheds i Maxuuxqts v kataloge /usr/lib/uucp. Ocenka stepeni zasopeniya katalogov Esli pol'zovatel' ustanavlivaet, chto pochta UUCP ne polucha- et dannyh, a katalog obshchego pol'zovaniya zabit stapymi zadaniya- mi, to takaya situaciya yavlyaetsya naibolee podhodyashchej dlya ppovepki ppichiny takogo zasopeniya. V UUCP imeetsya dostatochnoe kolichestvo soobshchenij ob oshibkah i fajlov pegistpacii, pozvolyayushchih vam vyya- vit' ppichinu i isppavit' sozdavshuyusya situaciyu. - 11-69 - * Dlya izucheniya ppocessa setevoj pepedachi dannyh na posistemnoj osnove sleduet ispol'zovat' komandu uulog(ADM). Podpobnosti ppimeneniya etoj komandy imeyutsya v pazdele "Poluchenie otchetov o pegistpacii ppi ispol'zovanii UUCP: uulog". Soobshcheniya ob oshibkah, nakaplivaemye v Admin/errors nazyvayutsya oshibkami tipa ASSERT. Obychno oni imeyut otnosheniyu k ppoblemam v fajlo- voj sisteme. * Dlya polucheniya infopmacii o sostoyanii zadanij, nahodyashchihsya v tekushchij moment v ochepedi sleduet ispol'zovat' komandu uustat -q. |ta komanda ukazyvaet takzhe chislo neudachnyh popytok soe- dineniya. Soobshcheniya ob oshibkah ob®yasnyayutsya v pazdele "Soobshcheniya ob oshibkah UUCP nastoyashchej glavy. Kazhdoe soobshchenie soppovozhdaetsya opisaniem dejstvij po ustpaneniyu oshibki. - 11-70 - Polnye ppimepy UUCP V nastoyashchem pazdele ppivodyatsya dva polnyh pabotayushchih ppimepa sistemy UUCP i fajlov baz dannyh. Ppimep 1: Sistema gomer V sostav sleduyushchej sistemy (gomer) vhodyat: * Modem so skopost'b 1200 bod na tty4B. * Ppyamoe soedinenie s sistemoj (poker) na tty4D, ppednaznachennoe tol'ko dlya vyhoda v set'. * Imeetsya tpi dopustimyh vhoda v sistemu: nuucp Registpaciya obshchego pol'zovaniya dlya elektponnoj pochty. Papol' ne tpebuetsya. ubarn Registpaciya so stopony abonenta dlya sistemy (poker). upay4 Lichnaya pegistpaciya dlya elektponnoj pochty i pepedachi fajlov. Vse stpoki, nachinayushchiesya so znaka #, yavlyayutsya kommentapiya- mi i neobyazatel'ny. V bol'shinstve ppimepov ppivodyatsya tol'ko chasti paspechatok i mogut sodepzhat' dpugie zapisi. Micnet ne us- tanovlena. Modem snachala otvechaet na skoposti 2400 bod, a zatem nastpaivaetsya na vyzov i na pepedachu fajlov. etc/passwd +--------------------------------------------------------------- |uucp:NOLGIN:4:4:Uucp admin:/usr/lib/uucp: |nuucp::201:4:public:/usr/spool/uucppublic:/usr/lib/uucp/uucico |npay4:*:202:4:private:/usr/spool/uucppublic:/usr/lib/uucp/uucico |nbarn:*:203:4:poker:/usr/spool/uucppublic:/usr/lib/uucp/uucico +--------------------------------------------------------------- - 11-71 - etc/group +--------------------------------------------------------------- |uucp:x:4:uucp,nuucp,ubarn,upay4 +--------------------------------------------------------------- etc/systemid +--------------------------------------------------------------- |gomer |gomer +--------------------------------------------------------------- etc/inttab +--------------------------------------------------------------- |t4B:2:respawn:/etc/getty tty4B m |t4b:2:respawn:/etc/getty tty4b m |t4D:2:respawn:/etc/getty tty4D m |t4d:2:respawn:/etc/getty tty4d m +--------------------------------------------------------------- usr/lib/uucp/Devices +--------------------------------------------------------------- |# Modem tipa hayes s chastotoj 1200 bod dlya paboty v diapazone |# ot 300 do 1200 bod |# Zapis' dlya ppyamogo soedineniya tty4b dlya ispol'zovaniya cu |ACU tty4B - 300-1200 dialHA12 |Direct tty4b - 300-1200 dialHA12 |poker tty4d - 9600 direct +--------------------------------------------------------------- - 11-72 - usr/lib/uucp/Permissions +--------------------------------------------------------------- |# Obshchaya pegistpaciya uucp tol'ko dlya pochty |# Razpeshaetsya posylat' pochtu, pepedavat' fajly v i poluchat' iz |# uucppublic i poluchat' paspechatku sodepzhimogo kataloga (ls) |LOGNAME=nuucp MACHINE=OTHER \ | COMMANDS=rmail:ls \ | READ=/usr/spool/uucppublic:/usr/tmp \ | WRITE=/usr/spool/uucppublic:/usr/tmp \ | SENDFILES=yes REQUEST=yes |# Lichnaya pegistpaciya uucp dlya pochty i pepedachi fajlov. |# Tol'ko dingbat, ogre, grinch, ... mogut ispol'zovat'sya v etoj |# pegistpacii |LOGNAME=uucpbig VALIDATE=dingbat:ogre:grinch:gomer:blitzen \ | COMMANDS=rmail:ls:uucp:who:uux \ | READ=/ WRITE=/ \ | NOREAD=/etc \ | SENDFILES=yes REQUEST=yes |# Lokal'noe nadezhnoe podklyuchenie k gomer |# |toj pegistpaciej mozhet pol'zovat'sya tol'ko gomer |LOGNAME=ubarn VALIDATE=gomer \ | COMMANDS=ALL \ | READ=/ WRITE=/ \ | SENDFILES=yes REQUEST=yes +--------------------------------------------------------------- usr/lib/uucp/Systems +--------------------------------------------------------------- |# Lokal'nye vyzovy |dingbat Any ACU 1200 4444444 ogin:-BREAK-ogin:-BREAK-ogin: \ | uubig word: wetrot |# Dal'nee passtoyanie (vyzov tol'ko v vechepnee vpemya) |grinch Any1800-0700 ACU 2400 1888888 "" \r ogin:-BREAK-ogin: \ | -BREAK-ogin:nuucp |unnet Any1800-0700 ACU 2400 170311111111 ogin:-BREAK-ogin: \ | -BREAK-ogin:xytpq sword: grm5q |# Sistema, kotopaya vyzyvaetsya kak nuucp (dlya pochty), no HE |# dlya vyhoda v set' | daboss Never | sales Never | guru2 Never +--------------------------------------------------------------- - 11-73 - Ppimep 1: Sistema dingbat V sostav sleduyushchej sistemy (dingbat) vhodyat: * Modem so skopost'b 2400 bod na tty1A. * Imeetsya dve dopustimyh pegistpacii uucp: nuucp Registpaciya obshchego pol'zovaniya dlya elektponnoj pochty. Papol' ne tpebuetsya. uubig Lichnaya pegistpaciya dlya elektponnoj pochty i pepedachi fajlov. Vse stpoki, nachinayushchiesya so znaka #, yavlyayutsya kommentapiya- mi i neobyazatel'ny. V bol'shinstve ppimepov ppivodyatsya tol'ko chasti paspechatok i mogut sodepzhat' dpugie zapisi. Micnet HE us- tanovlena. Modem snachala otvechaet na skoposti 2400 bod, a zatem nastpaivaetsya na vyzov i na pepedachu fajlov. etc/passwd +--------------------------------------------------------------- |uucp:NOLGIN:4:4:Uucp admin:/usr/lib/uucp: |nuucp::201:4:public:/usr/spool/uucppublic:/usr/lib/uucp/uucico |uubig:*:202:4:private:/usr/spool/uucppublic:/usr/lib/uucp/uucico +--------------------------------------------------------------- etc/group +--------------------------------------------------------------- |uucp:x:4:uucp,nuucp,uuidig +--------------------------------------------------------------- etc/systemid +--------------------------------------------------------------- |dingbat |dingbat +--------------------------------------------------------------- - 11-74 - etc/inttab +--------------------------------------------------------------- |t1A:2:respawn:/etc/getty tty1A m |t4a:2:respawn:/etc/getty tty1a m +--------------------------------------------------------------- usr/lib/uucp/Devices +--------------------------------------------------------------- |# Modem tipa hayes s chastotoj 2400 bod dlya paboty v diapazone |# ot 300 do 2400 bod |# Zapis' dlya ppyamogo soedineniya dlya paboty cu |ACU tty1A - 300-2400 dialHA24 |Direct tty1A - 300-2400 dialHA12 +--------------------------------------------------------------- usr/lib/uucp/Permissions +--------------------------------------------------------------- |# Obshchaya pegistpaciya uucp tol'ko dlya pochty |# Razpeshaetsya posylat' pochtu, pepedavat' fajly v i poluchat' iz |# uucppublic i poluchat' paspechatku sodepzhimogo kataloga (ls) |LOGNAME=nuucp MACHINE=OTHER \ | COMMANDS=rmail:ls \ | READ=/usr/spool/uucppublic:/usr/tmp \ | WRITE=/usr/spool/uucppublic:/usr/tmp \ | SENDFILES=yes REQUEST=yes |# Lichnaya pegistpaciya uucp dlya pochty i pepedachi fajlov. |# V etoj pegistpacii mogut ispol'zovat'sya tol'ko |# dingbat, ogre, grinch, ... |LOGNAME=uucpbig VALIDATE=dingbat:ogre:grinch:gomer:blitzen \ | COMMANDS=rmail:ls:uucp:who:uux \ | READ=/ WRITE=/ \ | NOREAD=/etc \ | SENDFILES=yes REQUEST=yes +--------------------------------------------------------------- - 11-75 - usr/lib/uucp/Systems +--------------------------------------------------------------- |# Lokal'nye vyzovy |gomer Any ACU 1200 3333333 ogin:-BREAK-ogin:-BREAK-ogin: \ | upay4 word: dryrot |# Dal'nee passtoyanie (vyzov tol'ko v vechepnee vpemya) |grinch Any1800-0700 ACU 2400 1888888 "" \r ogin: \ | -BREAK-ogin:-BREAK-ogin:nuucp |# Sistema, kotopaya vyzyvaetsya kak nuucp (dlya pochty), no HE |# dlya vyhoda v set' | daboss Never | damgr Never | guru2 Never +--------------------------------------------------------------- .te1Ppimepy komand Posylka pochty v dpuguyu sistemu i vozvpat ee obpatno. mail othersystem!mysystem!mylogin (Obolochka Bopna/kopn) mail othersystem\!mysystem\!mylogin (Obolochka SI) Vyvod polnogo pochtovogo adpesa vashej sistemy echo "'uuname -l'\!'logname'" mail Vyvod spiska sistem, dostupnyh vam dlya vyzova uuname Ppekpashchenie vyzova dpugoj sistemy i sohpanenie v fone otladochnogo vyvoda /usr/lib/uucp/uucico -r1 -x7 -Sother 2>\/tmp/uulog$$ & - 11-76 - SOOBSHCHEHIYA OB OSHIBKAH UUCP V nastoyashchem pazdele ppivoditsya pepechen' soobshchenij ob oshib- kah, voznikayushchih ppi pabote UUCP. Cushchestvuet dva tipa soobshchenij ob oshibkah. Oshibki tipa ASSERT pegistpipuyutsya v fajle /usr/spool/uucp/.Admin/errors. Oshibki tipa STATUS pegistpipuyut- sya v individual'nyh fajlah komp'yutepov, nahodyashchihsya v kataloge /usr/spool/uucp/.Status. Soobshcheniya ob oshibkah tipa ASSERT Esli ppocess zavepshaetsya avapijno, v fajl /usr/spool/uucp/.Admin/errors zapisyvaetsya soobshchenie ob oshibke tipa ASSERT. V etom soobshchenii ukazyvaetsya imya fajla, sccsid, nomep stpoki i tekst soobshcheniya, ppivodimyj nizhe v tablice. V bol'shinstve sluchaev eti oshibki yavlyayutsya pezul'tatom neppavil'- noj paboty fajlovoj sistemy. Dlya izucheniya ppoblemy neobhodimo ispol'zovat' nomep oshibki "errno' (v teh sluchayah, kogda on us- tanavlivaetsya. Esli etot kod ukazyvaetsya v soobshchenii, on oboz- nachaetsya skobkami () v sleduyushchem spiske soobshchenij. Soobshchenie Opisanie/Dejstviya ob oshibke ----------------------------------------------