na vsego otchetlivee: mir stremitel'no dvizhetsya, dognivaet dolgaya Noch' chelovechestva, i uzhe vidny pervye luchi Utra. Obraz, sozdannyj v finale poemy, - grandioznyj, kosmicheskij obraz ognya, boryushchegosya s vodami Atlantiki i bushuyushchego nad dvumya kontinentami, - zaklyuchaet v sebe mysl' ob ochistitel'nom nravstvennom plameni revolyucii, kotoraya prizvana sokrushit' Vavilon, vozdvignutyj v serdcah lyudej. Ne prosto politicheskij perevorot, a revolyuciya duha yavlyaetsya dlya Blejka ruchatel'stvom, chto vody Atlantiki ne zatopyat novosozdannyj materik Voobrazheniya, kak v svoe vremya zatopili oni anglijskij ostrov, obrashchennyj v vavilonskuyu temnicu. Dlya Blejka naznachenie revolyucii - priblizit' den', kogda ischeznut vse suhoputnye i vodnye granicy, razdelivshie brat'ev po krovi, i lyudi snova stanut sem'ej, zhivushchej po zakonam, kotorye zapisany v Vechnosushchem evangelii. Tak blejkovskoe myshlenie preobrazhalo zlobodnevnye temy ego epohi. V nih vkladyvalos' soderzhanie, tol'ko s nakopleniem istoricheskogo opyta osoznavavsheesya v ego nastoyashchej znachimosti i priobretavshee svoyu podlinnuyu aktual'nost', kogda tema, v blejkovskie vremena diskutirovavshayasya na vseh uglah, uspevala davno uzhe sdelat'sya dostoyaniem professorov. "Bezumie" na poverku okazyvalos' provideniem, i v etom smysle poemy dejstvitel'no priobretali "prorocheskoe" znachenie. Aktual'nym syuzhetom byla v te dni i bor'ba za zapreshchenie rabotorgovli; v 1787 godu bylo osnovano abolicionistskoe obshchestvo, shli parlamentskie preniya, na kotorye v "Pesnyah Nevedeniya" Blejk otkliknulsya stihotvoreniem "Negritenok". |to - redkie u nego "stihi na sluchaj", ih antirasistskij pafos ocheviden. Odnako imi ne ischerpyvaetsya v blejkovskom tvorchestve sam "syuzhet". Napisannye v 1793 godu "Videniya dshcherej Al'biona" posvyashcheny kak budto drugoj teme; tol'ko otdel'nye stihi, - naprimer, o tirane Teotormone, u ch'ih nog, "kak volny na pustynnom beregu, vskipayut golosa rabov", - neposredstvenno vveli v poemu yavlenie, smushchavshee sovest' luchshih lyudej epohi. Oni i stali zernom, iz kotorogo vyroslo vse "videnie". Rabstvo geroini poemy Utuny - rabstvo "bezuteshnoj dushi Ameriki", duhovnoe rabstvo vseh, porozhdennoe institutom rabovladeniya. Takogo instituta ne znaet Al'bion, no i ego docheri "rydayut v rabstve", kotoroe dlya Blejka - universal'noe sostoyanie lyudskogo roda: v Vavilone ideya ravenstva podmenena otnosheniyami raba i vladel'ca, a princip svobody - sistemoj zakabaleniya, social'nogo i nravstvennogo. Porazitelen etot yarko vyrazhennyj u Blejka dar osoznavat', kak pryamo prichastny k anglijskim sud'bam i k sobstvennoj sud'be sobytiya, yavleniya, kollizii dalekih stran i dalekih epoh, osoznavat' celostnost', nedelimost' chelovechestva, vzaimosvyaz' beschislennyh yavlenij fizicheskogo i duhovnogo mira, ih perehodnost', ih dvizhushcheesya edinstvo. Sobstvenno, Blejku i prinadlezhit otkrytie dialekticheskogo vzglyada na real'nost', dialekticheskogo hudozhestvennogo videniya. Vsego posledovatel'nee ono voplotilos' v luchshem ego liricheskom cikle "Pesni Nevedeniya i Poznaniya", a naibolee otkryto dialekticheskij princip mirovospriyatiya byl sformulirovan v programmnoj dlya nego poeme "Brakosochetanie Raya i Ada". Po pervomu vpechatleniyu ona kazhetsya prelyudiej k romanticheskoj "d'yavoliade" s harakternym dlya nee proslavleniem Satany - vol'nogo duha, brosayushchego vyzov samomu nebu. I kazhetsya ne bez prichiny. Odno tol'ko zamechanie o Mil'tone, kotoryj "byl prirozhdennym Poetom i, sam ne znaya togo, storonnikom D'yavola", kogda hotel vosslavit' Boga, - eto celaya filosofiya, aforisticheski vyrazhennoe kredo vsego romanticheskogo miroponimaniya. Da i postroenie poemy, tridcat'yu godami predshestvuyushchej "Prometeyu" (Prometheus Unbound, 1820) SHelli i bajronovskim misteriyam, uzhe polnost'yu otvechaet estetike romantizma. V epohu YUnga dazhe samyj svobodomyslyashchij kritik ne mog by opravdat' etoj neobychnoj kompozicii s ee prichudlivymi videniyami, s ee aforizmami, fragmentami ritmizirovannoj prozy, filosofskim disputom poeta i prorokov, a zatem Angela i D'yavola. Ne udostaivaya ni malejshim vnimaniem pravila shkol'noj poetiki, Blejk sozdaet formu na glazah chitatelya, da i vazhna emu ne formal'naya zavershennost', a vyrazhennaya do konca mysl'. I hotya po svoej suti eto mysl' romanticheskaya, ponyat' ee mozhno, tol'ko okunuvshis' v atmosferu dozhivayushchego svoj vek XVIII stoletiya. "Brakosochetanie Raya i Ada" - predel'noe usilie Blejka v ego bor'be kak s utilitarnym Razumom, tak i s porabotivshej lyudej Cerkov'yu-Bludnicej. Apogej ego titanicheskoj bor'by za osvobozhdenie Poeticheskogo Geniya. Deklaraciya okonchatel'nogo razryva s ispoveduemymi ego epohoj ponyatiyami moral'nogo dobra i zla, poskol'ku mir okazalsya na perelome, na poroge velikogo sdviga, pered licom Apokalipsisa, i lish' raskreposhchennoe Voobrazhenie, vysshij duhovnyj impul's, tayashchijsya v samom cheloveke, a ne uslovnoe "dobro" i "zlo" obvetshalyh doktrin ukazyvaet vernyj put' v eti grozovye gody. Vsyakij odnostoronnij, zamknutyj v bytuyushchih ponyatiyah vzglyad na zhizn' lish' obrekaet lichnost' na bezyshodnoe sushchestvovanie v tesnom pryamougol'nike vavilonskih sten. Ved' zhizn' - eto Dvizhenie, a ono "voznikaet iz Protivopolozhnostej. Vlechenie i Otvrashchenie, Mysl' i Dejstvie, Lyubov' i Nenavist' neobhodimy dlya bytiya CHeloveka" - eto velikoe organicheskoe edinstvo i otkrylos' Blejku "sredi adskih ognej", v besede s Isajej i Iezekiilem, v ispytaniyah, kotorym podverg duhovnyj razum poeta soshedshij k nemu Angel. Otkrylsya "bezmernyj mir vostorga, nedostupnyj vashim chuvstvam", - chuvstvam uznikov Urizena, personazha, kotoryj v blejkovskoj mifologii olicetvoryaet nesvobodnoe soznanie sovremennogo Al'biona. |to plen duha, plen mysli; no "ZHizn' - eto Dejstvie", mysl' zhe tol'ko sluzhit Dejstviyu obolochkoj. "Dejstvie - Vechnyj Vostorg". Zdes' - sut' filosofskoj i poeticheskoj koncepcii, lezhashchej v fundamente "Pesen Nevedeniya i Poznaniya". Vprochem, nachatki dialekticheskogo postizheniya real'nosti mozhno obnaruzhit' uzhe v "Poeticheskih nabroskah". Dazhe i za naibolee svetlymi, radostnymi stihami etoj yunosheskoj knigi ugadyvaetsya ne vyrazhennoe otkryto, no uzhe posetivshee Blejka chuvstvo protivorechivosti mira, ego neizbezhnoj i neobhodimoj disgarmonii, neodnoznachnosti ego yavlenij. Bezumie u Blejka ne anomaliya i ne vosslavlennoe vposledstvii romantikami sredstvo vozvysit'sya nad prozaizmom zhizni, a "normal'noe" bytie priverzhenca obshcheprinyatyh moral'nyh predstavlenij, nesposobnogo sovladat' s dialekticheskoj slozhnost'yu i "vzryvchatost'yu" istinnoj, ne illyuzornoj dejstvitel'nosti. Plen lyubvi v togdashnej poezii - nepremenno sladkij plen, vozvyshenie i ochishchenie dushi, u Blejka zhe vysokoe schast'e sosedstvuet s rabstvom, i "lyubvi prekrasnyj knyaz'" teshitsya bespomoshchnost'yu zhertv, oputannyh ego setyami (Song). Blejk napisal eti stihi chetyrnadcatiletnim podrostkom; edva li dlya nih byl kakoj-to biograficheskij povod - pered nami ne itog perezhitogo, a svidetel'stvo formiruyushchejsya mysli. V "Pesnyah Nevedeniya i Poznaniya" dialekticheskoe videnie Blejka priobretaet glubinu i vseob®emlyushchuyu znachimost', dostupnuyu tol'ko velikomu iskusstvu. Posle togo kak byli zaversheny "Pesni Poznaniya", Blejk nikogda ne graviroval otpechatannyj im pyat'yu godami ran'she cikl o Nevedenii otdel'no. Da eto edva li i bylo by vozmozhno, potomu chto smysl knigi, ee sushchestvo - mysl' o nerazryvnosti duhovnogo opyta cheloveka, o ego celostnosti, obnimayushchej i ob®edinyayushchej v nekoem vysshem sinteze zalozhennuyu v lichnosti ot rozhdeniya "nevinnost'", chistotu - i vsyu neizbezhnuyu umudrennost' kazhdogo dalekim ot ideala bytiem. |ta mysl' o neozhidannyh, dazhe paradoksal'nyh, poroyu tragicheskih, no krepchajshih svyazyah, kotorymi skrepleny mechta i dejstvitel'nost', detstvo i vzroslyj vozrast chelovechestva, ego Nevedenie i Poznanie, sostavlyayushchie dva protivopolozhnyh, odnako, strogo sorazmernyh i drug bez druga odinakovo nezavershennyh sostoyaniya Dushi. Poetomu pochti kazhdomu stihotvoreniyu iz cikla o Nevedenii nahoditsya svoe sootvetstvie v cikle o Poznanii, prichem otnosheniya vnutri etih par - otnosheniya kontrasta, principial'noj raznonapravlennosti, no takzhe i organicheskoj vzaimosvyazi, kotoruyu neobhodimo ponyat' i prinyat'. Zdes'-to, v etoj idee tesnejshej sootnesennosti "sostoyanij", i voplotilsya blejkovskij dialekticheskij vzglyad na real'nost', shvachennuyu v ee podvizhnosti, bor'be, v rezkih perehodah ot sveta k teni i ot tragizma k vysokoj duhovnoj radosti, v ee dinamike, v zhiznenosnom Dvizhenii, sokrushayushchem lyubuyu sholasticheskuyu Mysl' i lyubuyu pretenziyu na absolyutnost' nravstvennyh kvalifikacij. Tam, gde usmatrivayut lish' torzhestvuyushchee "Dobro", Blejk obnaruzhivaet i ushcherbnost'; v tom, chto imenuyut "Zlom", - svoyu krasotu. I vsya kniga okazyvaetsya eshche odnoj popytkoj oprovergnut' verovaniya veka, malo togo - izmenit' sam stroj ego myshleniya. Odnako hudozhestvennoe soderzhanie "Pesen" neizmerimo znachitel'nee ih konkretnoj polemicheskoj zadachi. |to poeziya, gde mir osmyslen v sblizheniyah, dlya blejkovskogo vremeni sovershenno neozhidannyh, v vysshej garmonii vechnogo i neperenosimoj raschlenennosti social'nogo, tekushchego svoego bytiya, v peresecheniyah polyarnostej: yagnenok, krotkij Agnec, - i sozdannyj tem zhe Masterom v toj zhe kuzne oslepitel'no prekrasnyj tigr, voploshchenie velikoj energii zhizni, ee neissyakaemogo ognya i yarosti, besposhchadnosti ee zakonov; prozrevshij v carstve Nevedeniya, obretayushchij rech' cvetok - i drugoj cvetok, bol'naya roza, zachahshaya pri soprikosnovenii s Poznaniem; siyayushchie lica detej na svetlom prazdnike v hrame - i, v tot zhe samyj Svyatoj CHetverg, golodnye detskie lica na ulicah s ih nikogda ne konchayushchejsya t'moj. V takih protivostoyaniyah, v skvoznom kontraste vozdushnyh, legkih tonov cikla o Nevedenii, gde vse na svete eshche dyshit radost'yu i schast'em, tochno v dni tvoren'ya, i lakonichnoj, zhestkoj po shtrihu grafiki "Pesen Poznaniya", izobrazhayushchih polnyj gorya makrokosm blejkovskogo Segodnya, v samih rezkih pereklyucheniyah emocional'nogo i obraznogo ryada ulovlena tragichnost' sloma epoh i vyrazheno chuvstvo, kotoroe ostavalos' nevedomo XVIII veku. |to chuvstvo oborvavshejsya postupatel'nosti, edinonapravlennosti chelovecheskoj istorii, chuvstvo diskretnosti i razorvannosti kazhdogo sushchestvovaniya, prishedshee na smenu bylomu oshchushcheniyu ego polnoty i organichnosti, stol' blizkoe romantikam (i eshche bol'she - poetam nashego stoletiya) chuvstvo poteryannosti v mire raz®edinennyh lozh'yu cerkovnyh doktrin i poterpevshego bankrotstvo obozhestvlennogo Razuma, sredi lyudej, kotorye podobny podsolnuhu, den' za dnem tyanushchemusya k nebosklonu, no lish' utomlenno provozhayushchemu svetilo v ego dvizhenii k inym, ozarennym krayam. Pervootkryvateli Blejka - prerafaelity - vosprinimali "Pesni Nevedeniya i Poznaniya" kak besprimesno romanticheskoe proizvedenie. I v samom dele, mozhet pokazat'sya, chto osnovnoj motiv cikla - tragicheskoe nesovpadenie ideal'nogo i real'nogo, estestvennogo sostoyaniya mira, kakim my ego vidim v "Pesnyah Nevedeniya", i togo beschelovechnogo, duhovno steril'nogo miroporyadka, kotoryj otkryvaetsya v "Pesnyah Poznaniya". |to chisto romanticheskij motiv. On organichen dlya zamysla Blejka, no ne ischerpyvaet poeticheskuyu koncepciyu, voploshchennuyu v ego shedevre. Estestvennyj mir nikogda ne kazalsya Blejku idealom, nedostizhimym dlya sovremennogo cheloveka. |to pobudilo ego kriticheski otnestis' k russoistskoj doktrine "estestvennosti", stol' vazhnoj dlya romantizma. Romantiki doveryali prirode, poryvayas' k begstvu ot civilizacii, i iskali panaceyu ot zla dejstvitel'nosti v podrazhanii "estestvennomu" dobru, "estestvennoj" krasote. Blejk govoril ne o podrazhanii, a o preobrazhenii mira tvorcheskoj fantaziej. Odin zakazchik pozhalovalsya, chto fantaziya uvela Blejka slishkom daleko. I v otvet Blejk napisal: "|tot Mir est' Mir Voobrazheniya i Videniya... dlya cheloveka, nadelennogo Voobrazheniem, sama Priroda - tozhe Voobrazhenie". Garmoniya prirody, na ego vzglyad, byla lish' predvoshishcheniem bolee vysokoj garmonii, kotoruyu dolzhna sozdat' celostnaya i oduhotvorennaya lichnost'. |to ubezhdenie predopredelilo i tvorcheskie principy Blejka. U romantikov priroda - zerkalo dushi, u Blejka - skoree kniga simvolov. On ne dorozhit ni krasochnost'yu pejzazha, ni ego dostovernost'yu, kak ne dorozhit i psihologizmom. Vse okruzhayushchee vosprinimaetsya im v svete duhovnyh konfliktov, i prezhde vsego cherez prizmu vechnogo konflikta mehanisticheskogo i svobodnogo videniya. V prirode on obnaruzhivaet tu zhe passivnost' i mehanistichnost', chto i v social'noj zhizni. Poetomu i nevedenie, neporochnost', duhovnaya chistota, estestvennost' - vse to, chto opredelyaet emocional'nuyu i obraznuyu gammu pervoj chasti cikla, - dlya Blejka otnyud' ne yavlyaetsya lish' nekim utrachennym Raem. Ego mysl' slozhnee, - byt' mozhet, naibolee polno ona peredana v obraze zabludivshegosya i najdennogo rebenka, voznikayushchem i v "Pesnyah Nevedeniya" i v "Pesnyah Poznaniya". Rebenok olicetvoryaet soboj tip mirooshchushcheniya, obladayushchego organikoj i celostnost'yu, kotorye uzhe nedostupny vzroslomu. V mire vzroslyh rebenok vsegda odinok i neschasten. On slovno zabludivshayasya "istinnaya dusha" chelovechestva. Dlya Blejka eta istinnost' - dar zhizni po zakonam voobrazheniya. No i v carstve Nevedeniya podobnaya zhizn' ne mozhet byt' polnocenno osushchestvlena. Poznanie - neizbezhnost' dlya kazhdogo, i ono vtorgaetsya dazhe v svetlyj mir rebenka. Mal'chik teryaet v nochi otca, i potrebovalos' vmeshatel'stvo Neba, chtoby najti obratnuyu dorogu. Predchuvstviem bluzhdanij po tupikovym putyam Poznaniya otravlena radost' bytiya v Nevedenii. Zdes' tozhe vystupaet chelovecheskaya razdelennost' i nesvoboda ot zhestokogo real'nogo mira. Blejk otverg to oblegchennoe i illyuzornoe reshenie muchivshego ego konflikta, kotoroe podskazyvali idei vozvrata k prirode, k nravstvennomu i emocional'nomu nevedeniyu kak sredstvu preodoleniya etoj nesvobody. Ona mogla byt' preodolena lish' posle togo, kak dusha vberet v sebya ves' gor'kij opyt Poznaniya i preobrazit ego v soglasii s idealami duhovnosti i krasoty, hranimymi kazhdym do toj pory, poka ne issyakla prisushchaya cheloveku tvorcheskaya sposobnost' - Voobrazhenie, Videnie. Tol'ko togda "istinnaya dusha" budet dejstvitel'no najdena - i chelovekom i chelovechestvom. V mire Blejka polyarnosti Nevedeniya i Poznaniya, peresekayas', ne otricayut drug druga. I v etom priznanii "protivopolozhnyh sostoyanij" neobhodimym usloviem bytiya lichnosti, v etom otkaze ot soblaznov begstva v garmonichnyj, bestrevozhnyj mir, ibo otdel'no ot Poznaniya ego prosto ne sushchestvuet, Blejk reshitel'no rashoditsya s romanticheskoj filosofiej zhizni, slovno by operezhaya ee i stanovyas' pryamym predshestvennikom poezii novejshego vremeni, vpervye o sebe zayavivshej uitmenovskimi "List'yami travy" i lirikoj Bodlera. Ego Nevedenie - ne idilliya, okrashivayushchaya detskie predstavleniya o mire, i ne carstvo osushchestvlennoj mechty, prigrezivsheesya poetu v minuty nichem ne omrachennoj dushevnoj yasnosti. |to dazhe i ne simvol s godami utrachivaemoj poeticheskoj nastroennosti cheloveka, kogda emu nevozmozhnoj kazhetsya sama mysl' o razrushenii, nesoglasovannosti, zhestokosti - v prirode li, v obshchestvennom li ego sushchestvovanii. Skoree eto nekoe duhovnoe kachestvo, podspudno hranyashchayasya pamyat' o tom, kakim yavlyaetsya v mir - "vzroslyj" mir, neizbezhnyj dlya nego, kak i dlya vseh, mir Poznaniya, dvizhushchijsya, polnyj protivorechij, prityagivayushchij i ottalkivayushchij CONTENTS SODERZHANIE From "Poetical Sketches" Iz knigi "Poeticheskie nabroski" 1. Song 1. Pesnya. Perevod S. YA. Marshaka Perevod A. V. Parina 2. To Spring 2. K vesne. Perevod V. A. Potapovoj 3. To Summer 3. K letu. Perevod V. A. Potapovoj 4. To Autumn 4. K oseni. Perevod V. A. Potapovoj 5. To Winter 5. K zime. Perevod V. A. Potapovoj 6. Mad Song 6. Bezumnaya pesnya. Perevod A. V. Parina 7. To the Muses 7. K muzam. Perevod V. A. Potapovoj 8. Blind Man's Buff 8. Igra v zhmurki. Perevod S. YA. Marshaka 9. Gwin, King of Norway 9. Korol' Gvin. Ballada. Perevod S. YA. Marshaka 10. From "King Edward the Third" 10. Pesnya menestrelya. Perevod A. SHarapovoj From "An Island in the Moon" Stihi iz "Ostrova na lune" 11. To be or not to be 11. Byt' il' ne byt', vot v chem... Perevod V. L. Toporova 12. Leave, O leave me to my sorrows 12. Predostav' menya pechali... Perevod V. A. Potapovoj Songs of Innocence and of Experience Shewing the Two Contrary States of the Human Soul Pesni Nevedeniya i Poznaniya, pokazyvayushchie dva protivopolozhnyh sostoyaniya chelovecheskoj dushi Songs of Innocence Pesni Nevedeniya 13. Introduction 13. Vstuplenie. Perevod S. YA. Marshaka Perevod V. L. Toporova 14. The Shepherd 14. Pastuh. Perevod S. YA. Marshaka 15. The Echoing Green 15. Zelenoe ay. Perevod V. L. Toporova Perevod S. YA. Marshaka 16. The Lamb 16* YAgnenok. Perevod V. L. Toporova Perevod S. YA. Marshaka 17. The Little Black Boy 17. Negritenok. Perevod V. L. Toporova Perevod S. YA. Marshaka 18. The Blossom 18. Cvetok. Perevod V. B. Mikushevicha 19. The Chimney Sweeper 19/ Malen'kij trubochist. Perevod V. L. Toporova Perevod S. YA. Marshaka 20. The Little Boy Lost 20.* Zabludivshijsya mal'chik. Perevod V. L. Toporova Perevod S. YA. Marshaka 21. The Little Boy Found 21.* Mal'chik najdennyj. Perevod V. L. Toporova Perevod S. YA. Marshaka 22. Laughing Song 22. Smeyushchayasya pesnya. Perevod S. YA. Marshaka 23. A Cradle Song 23. Kolybel'naya pesnya. Perevod K. D. Bal'monta 24. The Divine Image 24. Po obrazu i podobiyu. Perevod V. L. Toporova 25. Holy Thursday 25. Svyatoj chetverg. Perevod V. L. Toporova Perevod S. YA. Marshaka 26. Night 26. Noch'. Perevod S. YA. Marshaka * Perevod V. L. Toporova 27. Spring 27. Vesna. Perevod S. YA. Marshaka 28. Nurse's Song 28. Nyanyushkina pesnya. Perevod V. B. Mikushevicha 29. Infant Joy 29. Ditya-radost'. Perevod S. YA. Marshaka 30. A Dream 30. Son. Perevod V. L. Toporova 31. On Another's Sorrow 31. O skorbi blizhnego. Perevod S. YA. Marshaka Songs of Experience Pesni Poznaniya 32. Introduction 32. Vstuplenie. Perevod V. L. Toporova 33. Earth's Answer 33. Otvet Zemli. Perevod V. L. Toporova 34. The Clod and the Pebble 34. Kom Zemli i Kamen'. Perevod V. L. Toporova 35. Holy Thursday 35.* Svyatoj chetverg. Perevod V. L. Toporova Perevod S. YA. Marshaka 36. The Little Girl Lost 36. Zabludshaya doch'. Perevod V. B. Mikushevicha 37. The Little Girl Found 37. Obretennaya doch'. Perevod V. B. Mikushevicha 38. The Chimney Sweeper 38. Malen'kij trubochist. Perevod V. L. Toporova 39. Nurse's Song 39. Nyanyushkina pesnya. Perevod V. B. Mikushevicha 40. The Sick' Rose 40. Bol'naya roza. Perevod V. A. Potapovoj Perevod A. V. Parina 41. The Fly 41.* Motylek. Perevod V. L. Toporova Perevod S. YA. Marshaka 42. The Angel 42. Angel. Perevod V. L. Toporova 43. The Tyger 43. Tigr. Perevod V. L. Toporova Perevod K. D. Bal'monta Perevod S. YA. Marshaka 44. My Pretty Rose-Tree 44. Moj rozovyj kust. Perevod V. L. Toporova 45. Ah! Sun-flower! weary of time 45. Ah! Podsolnuh! chto za zhrebij... Perevod V. L. Toporova . 46. The Lily 46. Lileya. Perevod A. V. Parina Perevod S. YA. Marshaka Perevod V. A. Potapovoj 47. The Garden of Love 47.* Sad lyubvi. Perevod V. L. Toporova Perevod V. A. Potapovoj 48. The Little Vagabond 48. Malen'kij brodyazhka. Perevod S. YA. Marshaka * Perevod V. L. Toporova 49. London 49. London. Perevod S. YA. Marshaka * Perevod V. L. Toporova 50. The Human Abstract 50. CHelovecheskaya abstrakciya. Perevod S. YA. Marshaka 51. Infant Sorrow 51. Ditya-gore. Perevod V. L. Toporova 52. A Poison Tree 52. Drevo yada. Perevod S. YA. Marshaka 53. A Little Boy Lost 53. Zabludivshijsya mal'chik. Perevod S. YA. Marshaka 54. A Little Girl Lost 54. Zabludshaya devochka. Perevod V. L. Toporova 55. To Tirzah 55. K Tirze. Perevod V. L. Toporova 56. The Schoolboy 56. SHkol'nik. Perevod S. YA. Marshaka 57. The Voice of the Ancient Bard 57. Golos drevnego barda. Perevod V. B. Mikushevicha From "The Rossetti Manuscript" Iz "Manuskripta Rossetti" (1789-1793) 58. Never seek to tell thy love 58. Slovom vyskazat' nel'zya... Perevod S. YA. Marshaka * Perevod V. L. Toporova 59. I saw a Chapel all of gold 59.* Predstal mne Zlatoglavyj Hram Perevod V. L. Toporova Perevod V. A. Potapovoj 60. I asked a thief to steal me a peach 60. Vora prosil ya persik ukrast'... Perevod V. A. Potapovoj 61. I heard an Angel singing 61. YA slyshal angela pen'e... Perevod V. A. Potapovoj 62. A Cradle Song 62.* Kolybel'naya. Perevod V. L. Toporova 63. I fear'd the fury of my wind 63. Strashilsya ya: moj vihr' ub'et... Perevod V. A. Potapovoj 64. Infant Sorrow 64. Ditya-gore. Perevod V. L. Toporova 65. Thou hast a lap full of seed 65. Zerna u tebya v podole... Perevod V. A. Potapovoj 66. In a Mirtle Shade 66. Pod mirtovym drevom. Perevod V. A. Potapovoj 67. To Nobodaddy 67.* Otcu, ne porodivshemu syna. Perevod V. L. Toporova Perevod V. A. Potapovoj 68. The Wild Flower's Song 68. Pesnya dikogo cvetka. Perevod S. YA. Marshaka 69. O lapwing! thou fliest around the heath 69. O chibis! Ty vidish' vnizu pustopol'e... Perevod V. A. Potapovoj 70. Soft Snow 70. Myagkij sneg. Perevod V. A. Potapovoj 71. Merlin's Prophecy 71. Prorochestvo Merlina. Perevod V. A. Potapovoj 72. Day 72. Den'. Perevod V. A. Potapovoj 73. Why should I care for the men of Thames 73. Temza i Ogajo. Perevod V. A. Potapovoj 74. Abstinence sows sand all over 74. Plamen' volos i rumyanuyu plot'... Perevod V. A. Potapovoj 75. If you trap the moment before it's ripe 75. Shvativ za vihor prezhde vremeni sluchaj... Perevod V. A. Potapovoj 76. Ne who bends to himself a Joy 76. Letuchaya radost'. Perevod S. YA. Marshaka 77. Riches 77. Bogatstvo. Perevod S. YA. Marshaka 78. An Answer to the Parson 78. Razgovor duhovnogo otca s prihozhaninom. Perevod S. YA. Marshaka 79. Soft deceit & idleness 79. Lenost' i obman blazhennyj... Perevod V. A. Potapovoj 80. Let the Brothels of Paris be opened 80. Dveri nastezh', parizhskie bordeli!.. Perevod V. L. Toporova (1800-1803) 81. My Spectre around me night and day 81.* Spektr i emanaciya. Perevod V. L. Toporova Perevod V. A. Potapovoj 82. When Klopstock England defied 82.* Klopshtok Angliyu hulil kak hotel... Perevod V. L. Toporova 83. Mock on, mock on, Voltaire, Rousseau 83. ZHivej, Vol'ter! Smelej, Russo!.. Perevod V. L. Toporova 84. When a man has married a wife 84. Poka ne zhenimsya... Perevod S. YA. Marshaka 85. On the Virginity of the Virgin Mary and Johanna Southcott 85. O devstvennosti devy Marii i Dzhoanny Sauskott. Perevod V. A. Potapovoj 86. Morning 86. Utro. Perevod S. YA. Marshaka 87. Now Art has lost its mental charms 87.* Utratilo iskusstvo svoj... Perevod V. L. Toporova (1808-1811) 88. To F[laxman] 88. Moemu hulitelyu. Perevod S. YA. Marshaka 89. Here lies John Trot, the friend of all mankind 89. Ni odnogo vraga vseobshchij drug, Dzhon Trot... Perevod V. A. Potapovoj 90. I was buried near this dyke 90. |pitafiya. Perevod S. YA. Marshaka 91. My title as a genius thus is prov'd 91. Teper' poprobujte skazat', chto ya ne genialen... Perevod V. A. Potapovoj 92. Grown old in Love 92. Vsyu zhizn' lyubov'yu plamennoj sgoraya... Perevod S. YA. Marshaka 93. All pictures that's panted with sense and with thought 93. CHuvstva i mysli v kartine nashedshij... Perevod V. A. Potapovoj 94. Why was Cupid a boy 94. Kupidon. Perevod V. A. Potapovoj 95. I asked my dear friend Orator Prig 95. CHto oratoru nuzhno?.. Perevod S. YA. Marshaka 96. Having given great offence by writing in prose 96. Blejk v zashchitu svoego Kataloga. Perevod V. A. Potapovoj 97. Some people admire the work of a fool 97. Tvoren'e duraka po vkusu mnogim lyudyam... Perevod V. A. Potapovoj 98. Since all the riches of this world 98. O blagodarnosti. Perevod S. YA. Marshaka 99. I rose up at the dawn of day 99. YA vstal, kogda redela noch'... Perevod S. YA. Marshaka The Pickering Manuscript Manuskript Pikeringa (1800-1803) 100. The Smile 100. Ulybka. Perevod A. V. Parina * Perevod V. L. Toporova 101. The Golden Net 101. Zlataya set'. Perevod V. A. Potapovoj 102. The Mental Traveller 102. Stranstvie. Perevod V. L. Toporova 103. The Land of Dreams 103. YUdol' grez. Perevod V. L. Toporova 104. Mary 104. Meri. Perevod S. YA. Marshaka 105. The Crystal Cabinet 105.* Hrustal'naya shkatulka. Perevod V. L. Toporova Perevod S. YA. Marshaka 106. The Grey Monk 106. Seryj monah. Perevod V. L. Toporova 107. Auguries of Innocence 107.* Izrecheniya nevinnosti. Perevod V. L. Toporova 108. Long John Brown and Little Mary Bell 108. Dlinnyj Dzhon Braun i malyutka Meri Bell. Perevod S. YA. Marshaka 109. William Bond 109. Vil'yam Bond. Perevod V. L. Toporova The Book of Thel Kniga Tel'. Perevod S. YA. Marshaka The Marriage of Heaven and Hell Brakosochetanie Raya i Ada. Perevod A. YA. Sergeeva Visions of the Daughters of Albion Videniya dshcherej Al'biona. Perevod A. YA. Sergeeva The French Revolution * Francuzskaya revolyuciya. Perevod V. L. Toporova America * Amerika. Perevod V. L. Toporova Europe * Evropa. Perevod V. L. Toporova From "Milton Iz poemy "Mil'ton". Perevod S. YA. Marshaka Kommentarii Daty zhizni i tvorchestva Blejka Selected verse Stihi FROM "POETICAL SKETCHES" IZ KNIGI "PO|TICHESKIE NABROSKI" 1. SONG How sweet I roam'd from field to field And tasted all the summer's pride, Till I the Prince of Love beheld Who in the sunny beams did glide! He show'd me lilies for my hair, And blushing roses for my brow; He led me through his gardens fair Where all his golden pleasures grow. With sweet May dews my wings were wet, And Phoebus fir'd my vocal rage; He caught me in his silken net, And shut me in his golden cage. He loves to sit and hear me sing, Then, laughing, sports and plays with me - Then stretches out my golden wing, And mocks my loss of liberty. 1. PESNYA V polyah porhaya i kruzhas', Kak byl ya schastliv v bleske dnya, Poka lyubvi prekrasnyj knyaz' Ne kinul vzora na menya. Mne v kudri lilii on vplel, Ukrasil rozami chelo, V svoi sady menya povel, Gde stol'ko tajnyh neg cvelo. Vostorg moj Feb vosplamenil, I, upoennyj, stal ya pet'... A on mezh tem menya plenil, Raskinuv shelkovuyu set'. Moj knyaz' so mnoj igraet zlo. Kogda poyu ya pered nim, On raspravlyaet mne krylo I rabstvom teshitsya moim. Perevod S. YA. Marshaka 2. TO SPRING O thou with dewy locks, who lookest down Thro' the clear windows of the morning, turn Thine angel eyes upon our western isle, Which in full choir hails thy approach, O Spring! The hills tell each other, and the list'ning Valleys hear; all our longing eyes are turned Up to thy bright pavilions: issue forth, And let thy holy feet visit our clime. Come o'er the eastern hills, and let our winds Kiss thy perfumed garments; let us taste Thy morn and evening breath; scatter thy pearls Upon our love-sick land that mourns for thee. O deck her forth with thy fair fingers; pour Thy soft kisses on her bosom; and put Thy golden crown upon her languish'd head, Whose modest tresses were bound up for thee. 2. K VESNE O svetlyj Genij s vlazhnymi kudryami, Glyadyashchij iz promytyh okon utra! Ty vzorom angel'skih ochej okin' Nash ostrov zapadnyj: on zhdet Vesny! Pereklikayutsya holmy i doly; Glaza na tvoj blistayushchij shater Ustremleny: v nash kraj stopoj svyatoj SHagni cherez vostochnuyu gryadu! Nam utrennim dyhan'em i vechernim Upit'sya daj! Puskaj celuyut vetry Tvoyu blagouhannuyu odezhdu. Zemlya polna istomy. ZHemchugami Ukras' i poceluyami osyp' Ej grud', perstami chudnymi naden' Zlatoj venec na golovu, ch'i kosy Stydlivo dlya tebya raspleteny. Perevod V. A. Potapovoj 3. TO SUMMER O thou who passest thro' our valleys in Thy strength, curb thy fierce steeds, allay the heat That flames from their large nostrils! thou, O Summer, Oft pitched'st here thy golden tent, and oft Beneath our oaks hast slept, while we beheld With joy thy ruddy limbs and flourishing hair. Beneath our thickest shades we oft have heard Thy voice, when noon upon his fervid car Rode o'er the deep of heaven; beside our springs Sit down, and in our mossy valleys, on Some bank beside a river clear, throw thy Silk draperies off, and rush into the stream: Our valleys love the Summer in his pride. Our bards are fam'd who strike the silver wire: Our youth are bolder than the southern swains: Our maidens fairer in the sprightly dance: We lack not songs, nor instruments of joy, Nor echoes sweet, nor waters clear as heaven, Nor laurel wreaths against the sultry heat. 3. K LETU S tvoim vtorzhen'em k nam v doliny, Leto, Ty zharom pyshushchih konej sderzhi, Umer' iz nozdrej letyashchij plamen'! Kogda v zlatyh shatrah, sredi dubov, Tebya klonilo v son, cvetushchim telom I roskosh'yu kudrej my lyubovalis'. My slushali tvoj golos v gushche lesa, Kogda po nebu v znojnoj kolesnice Katilsya polden'. U ruch'ya prisyad' Il' u reki, v doline mshistoj, sbros' Odezhdy myagkij shelk i prygni v vodu Prozrachnuyu. Vo vsem velikolep'e, Tebya doliny nashi lyubyat, Leto! Iz serebra u nashih bardov struny. YUzhan otvazhnej nashi hrabrecy. Nikto ne plyashet luchshe nashih dev. U nas est' pesni, sladostnoe eho, I reki, svetlye kak nebesa, I lavrolistvennyh venkov prohlada. Perevod V. A. Potapovoj 4. TO AUTUMN O Autumn, laden with fruit, and stained With the blood of the grape, pass not, but sit Beneath my shady roof; there thou may'st rest, And tune thy jolly voice to my fresh pipe, And all the daughters of the year shall dance! Sing now the lusty song of fruits and flowers. 'The narrow bud opens her beauties to The sun, and love runs in her thrilling veins; Blossoms hang round the brows of Morning, and Flourish down the bright cheek of modest Eve, Till clust'ring Summer breaks forth into singing, And feather'd clouds strew flowers round her head. "The spirits of the air live on the smells Of fruit; and Joy, with pinions light, roves round The gardens, or sits singing in the trees.' Thus sang the jolly Autumn as he sat; Then rose, girded himself, and o'er the bleak Hills fled from our sight; but left his golden load. 4. K OSENI Zapyatnannaya krov'yu vinograda, Otyagoshchennaya plodami Osen', Moj krov ukromnyj ne minuj, nastroj Svoj golos v lad moej svireli svezhej, CHtob goda luchshim docheryam plyasat'! Spoj pesnyu o cvetah, plodah i zlakah. "Tugoj buton raskryl svetilu poldnya Svoi krasy; po vsem prozhilkam s drozh'yu Tekla lyubov'! Cvety venkov svisali Nad lbom rassveta i zari vechernej Stydlivymi shchekami. Razrazilos' Pod peristymi oblakami Leto. Vozdushnyh duhov kormit sladkij zapah Plodov; snuet na legkih kryl'yah radost' Po sadu, zalivayas' mezh vetvej". Tak pela Osen' u menya v gostyah, No molcha za ugryumye holmy Ushla, zlatuyu noshu sbrosiv s plech. Perevod V. A. Potapovoj 5. TO WINTER 'O Winter! bar thine adamantine doors: The north is thine; there hast thou built thy dark Deep-founded habitation. Shake not thy roofs, Nor bend thy pillars with thine iron car.' He hears me not, but o'er the yawning deep Rides heavy; his storms are unchain'd, sheathed In ribbed steel; I dare not lift mine eyes, For he hath rear'd his sceptre o'er the world. Lo! now the direful monster, whose skin clings To his strong bones, strides o'er the groaning rocks: He withers all in silence, and in his hand Unclothes the earth, and freezes up frail life. He takes his seat upon the cliffs, - the mariner Cries in vain. Poor little wretch, that deal'st With storms! - till heaven smiles, and the monster Is driv'n yelling to his caves beneath mount Hecla. 5. K ZIME Zima, zamkni almaznye vrata! Na Severe uhodit v glub' zemli Tvoj mrachnyj krov. Ne sotryasaj ego, Ne gni podpor zheleznoj kolesnicej. Ne slyshit! Nad ziyayushchej bezdnoj Nesetsya tyazhelo, svoj groznyj skipter Vozdev i stayu bur' spustiv s cepi. Okovany oni rebristoj stal'yu. No chu! Strashilishche shagaet - kozha Da kosti, - a pod nim utesy stonut. Vot-vot razdenet zemlyu, chtob morozom Dyhan'e zhizni hrupkoj umertvit'. Ono saditsya na skalu. Zloschastnyj, So shtormom b'etsya morehod, poka Ulybka nebo ozarit i ruhnet CHudovishche v provaly Gekly s voem. Perevod V. A. Potapovoj 6. MAD SONG The wild winds weep, And the night is a-cold; Come hither, Sleep, And my griefs unfold: But lo! the morning peeps Over the eastern steeps, And the rustling beds of dawn The earth do scorn. Lo! to the vault Of paved heaven, With sorrow fraught My notes are driven: They strike the ear of night, Make weep the eyes of day; They make mad the roaring winds, And with tempests play. Like a fiend in a cloud, With howling woe After night I do crowd, And with night will go; I turn my back to the east From whence comforts have increas'd; For light doth seize my brain With frantic pain. 6. BEZUMNAYA PESNYA V klokah nebosklon, Studenyj i lyutyj. Kosnis' menya, Son, Pechali rasputaj! No shchuritsya zarya, Vostok zhivotvorya. SHCHebetanie utrennih ptah Zanyalos' v nebesah. I v polog ugryumyj, V shater neboskata Letyat moi dumy, Pechal'yu chrevaty, Smushchaya nochi sluh I vzory solncu zastya, I vselyayut bezumnuyu yarost' V bushevan'e nenast'ya. Kak morok, plyvu I v tuche rydayu. YA noch'yu zhivu - Nautro istayu. K vostoku spinoj povernus', Primankoj ego ne prel'shchus', Ibo svet obzhigaet moj mozg, Kak rasplavlennyj vosk. Perevod A. V. Parina 7. TO THE MUSES Whether on Ida's shady brow, Or in the chambers of the East, The chambers of the sun, that now From ancient melody have ceas'd; Whether in Heaven ye wander fair, Or the green corners of the earth, Or the blue regions of the air Where the melodious winds have birth; Whether on crystal rocks ye rove, Beneath the bosom of the sea Wand'ring in many a coral grove, Fair Nine, forsaking Poetry! How have you left the ancient love That bards of old enjoy'd in you! The languid strings do scarcely move! The sound is forc'd, the notes are few! 7. K MUZAM Na sklonah Idy zatenennyh, V chertogah, chto Vostok vozdvig, - V pokoyah, solncem napoennyh, Gde pesnopenij smolk yazyk, Vy obretaetes', bogini, Il' v nebesah, sredi mirov? Il' v teh sloyah, gde vozduh sinij Rozhdaet muzyku vetrov? Ili pod lonom vod zerkal'nyh Vy, devyat' bogoravnyh dev,