Registraciya novogo pol'zovatelya
Esli vam v ruki popalas' svezheustanovlennaya mashina, to na
nej eshche ne zaregistrirovano nikakih pol'zovatelej za
isklyucheniem superpol'zovatelya "root" - sistemnogo
administratora. Parolya u nego net. Vhodite v nego.
V superpol'zovatelya mozhno prevratit'sya. Dlya etogo vypolnite
komandu
su # Super User
Kazhdyj pol'zovatel' v sisteme Unix predvaritel'no dolzhen
byt' zaregistrirovan. Pol'zovatelyu polagaetsya imet': imya,
parol', nomer pol'zovatelya, nomer gruppy, k kotoroj on
prinadlezhit, domashnij katalog, komandnyj interpretator. U
parolya mogut byt' dopolnitel'nye parametry - kak chasto ego
mozhno menyat', vremya dejstviya i prochie sekretnye shtuchki.
logname vhodnoj login pol'zovatelya
passwd parol' (parol' vvodyat dvazhdy)
UID User Identification Descriptor
GID Group Identification Descriptor
Comment Familiq Imya Otchestwo
$HOME Domashnij katalog
shell Komandnyj interpretator
Byvayut takie komandnye interpretatory:
/usr/local/bin/bash Samyj udobnyj
/usr/bin/ksh CHut' pohuzhe, no tozhe nichego
/usr/local/bin/tcsh Udobnyj, no "nepravil'nyj" i medlennyj
/bin/sh Samyj "pravil'nyj" i samyj neudobnyj
/bin/csh "Nepravil'nyj" i chut' bolee udobnyj
/etc/passwd - Vsya informaciya o pol'zovatele hranitsya zdes'.
/etc/shadow - Zdes' hranyatsya zakodirovannye paroli.
Zakodirovannye paroli mogut lezhat' i v drugih mestah.
Zavisit ot vida Unix.
V lyubom uvazhayushchem sebya Unix imeetsya "golovnaya" utilita
operatora (uslovno nazyvaemaya sysadm) - dialogovaya programma, s
menyushkami i okoshkami dlya vypolneniya nasushchnyh zadach po
sistemnomu administrirovaniyu. V tom chisle pozvolyaet
registrirovat' novyh pol'zovatelej. Zapuskat' ee mozhet tol'ko
"superpol'zovatel'" root. Pri zapuske "sysadm" mozhet sprosit'
tip terminala, na kotorom emu predstoit rabotat'. Otvet'te:
vt100
Primechanie. V razlichnyh operacionnyh sistemah eta utilita
mozhet nazyvat'sya po-raznomu:
sam HP-UX
sysman Tru64
admintool Solaris 2
adminsuite Solaris 2.7
sysadmsh SCO UNIX 4
scoadmin SCO OpenServer 5
smit, msmit AIX
control-panel Linux RedHat
sysadm UnixWare, ISC, SVR4
Komanda registracii novogo pol'zovatelya.
adduser Linux
useradd SunOS 4.1
vipw BSD/OS, FreeBSD
Kak zaregistrirovat' novogo pol'zovatelya "vruchnuyu".
1. Vstavlyaem v /etc/passwd eshche odnu strochku:
moshkow:x:555:1:Maksim E. Moshkow:/home/moshkow:/bin/ksh
1-bis. (Tolxko FreeBSD) dlya redaktirovaniya /etc/passwd ispol'zovat' komandu
vipw
2. (tol'ko v Linux) Privodim v sootvetstvie fajl /etc/shadow
pwconv
3. Sozdaem pol'zovatel'skij katalog
mkdir /home/moshkow
chown moshkow /home/moshkow
4. Zadaem parol' novomu pol'zovatelyu
passwd moshkow
5. Vot i vse.
Last-modified: Mon, 08 Aug 2005 06:44:44 GMT