:


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     Lewis Carroll. Alice's adventures in wonderland.
     Through the looking-glass and what Alice found there
      .     
           ,    
     2-  
       . . 
     ., "",   - , 1991
     OCR  .. mailto:bmn@lib.ru
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         "   ",    1865
. -    -   " "  "",
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  ,  ,    ,
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        ?          
         -
     .      ,
, ,   ,      ,
 ,  .  ,       
,  ,         
  " {"The Atheneum", 1900 (December 16,  1865),  p.
844. .  .: Aspects of  Alice.  Lewis  Carroll's  Dreamchild  as  Seen
through the Critics' Looking-Glasses. 1865-1971. Ed. by Robert Phillips. L.,
1972, p. 84.          :  A.A.}.    
, ,          
   ,              
.        "  ",  
  "   "  ,  ,
"      ,        "
{Ibid, p. 7.}.        
 ;     ,      "
",  ,            
{    1887 .;       "    
 " (Thomas Hood. From Nowhere to the North Pole).   1890  .
        ,         
   1874 .,       "  "
   -  "". . , . XXVI.}.
        ,   ,   , 
      ,  -    ,
  " " {      .
.  ,       .
.: F. J. Harvey Darton. Children's Books  in  England.  2  ed.  Cambridge,
1970, p. 268.}    ,      
                 
  .    ;      
 " "          "  
";    -    -  .    1871  .  -  
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    ,    ,         -
   ,    "  "..."  {,
. XXVI.}.        ...
             (  ,  ,  
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   ,        -    
   , ,     XX  .,
       -    .    ,
    "" -   ,    
   ,  ,  -      
 : ""       
,     ,    {.    
 : J. . Gordon. The Alice Books and the Metaphors  of  Victorian
Childhood (AA, pp. 93-113).            
        .  
 ,       "      
 ".    : Ph.. Aries. At the Point  of
Origin. - "Yale French Studies", 1969, N43, pp. 15-23; Peter Brooks. Towards
Supreme Fiction (ibid., pp. 5-14). .   :  Ph.  Aries.
L'Enfant et la oie familiele sous l'ancient  regime.  P.,  1960  (
: Ph. Arifs. Centuries of Childhood. A Social History of Family Life.
Transi, by R. Baidick. NY, 1962).
     , ,             
        ,  
   ( XVI-XVII .)   
  ( , ),      
  .}.      ,    
  ,             ,  
    ,     .    
,    "" (     ,  ,
  " ",     , 
 -   )          
  ,  ,          
 "" .
          -      
    ,          
""    .      ""   (
    "")   
   1932  .,              
  ,    
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           -  
,       .
       XX .,  -      
     ,     
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     ,     .    
   ,    ,      ,
           .    
  ,  . . ,  ,  , 
,  ,  .       
   "" -     -  
  ,           ,  
    :       {  
   : Alice's Adventures in  Wonderland.  A
Critical Handbook. Ed. by Donald Rackin. Belmont, California,  1969;  A.  A.
CM.    : . .     
.   : . .        .  .  .
-. ., 1958;  .      .  
, 1965,  7, . 214-219; . . .  .  
 : L. Carroll. Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There.
Moscow, 1966;    .    .      :  L.
Carroll. Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. Moscow, 1967;  .  
" ". M., 1967.}.
                   
              ,         
- ,         
   . "    "  -      
  ,        ,       
 ,           -
,  ,  ,        
.           ,    -
: ",   ,   ,       ,
 ,     , ,   ,
       ..."  {  ,    
  "  ". .  .: The Annotated Snark. Ed.
by M. Gardner. Harmondsworth, 1967. p. 22 (1 . 1962 .).    
             :  Topsy-Turvy
World. M., 1974, pp. 75-97 (,      .
).}.
      "" :        ,  
 - " ",         ,  -
     .

                                   * * *

        ,            ,  
,              .  
       ,         
  .  ,      ,     
  .  .  ,           
,           
  ,    ,      
      {S. D. Collingwood. The Life and  Letters
of Lewis Carroll. L., 1899; E. M. Arnold. Reminiscences of Lewis Carroll.  -
"Atlantic Monthly", CXLIII, June, 1929;  Isa  Bowman.  The  Story  of  Lewis
Caroll. L., 1899; Alice's Recollections of Carrollian Days. As Told  to  her
Son, Caryl Hargraves. - "The Cornhill Magazine". July 1932; etc.}.   ,  
      .      
   ,      
    {        
 . . ; F. . Lennon. Victoria Through the  Looking-Glass.  NY,
1945; idem. Lewis Carroll. L., 1945; idem. The Life of  Lewis  Carroll.  NY,
1962. .       AA.}.
           ,       
 ,    ,         
   .      
                   ,  
   ,       
    ,        ,      .
           :      -   
  -          ;
    {L. Carroll. The Diaries. Ed. and suppl.  by
R. L. Green, vv. 1-2. L., 1953.     .    
,      .:  The  Lewis  Carroll  Centenary  in
London, 1932;   .: The Works of Lewis Carroll. Ed. and intr.  by  R.
L. Green. Feltham, 1965, pp. 699-730.         .  
: "Jabberwocky". The Touraal of the Lewis  Carroll  Society,  Summer,
1975, v. 4, N 3, p. 59 (The Letters of Lewis Carroll, ed. by M. Cohen and R.
L. Green).                
,  , -    (pp.
59-65).}.
         (          ,
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   )           
  27    1832  .            
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 1845 .,       1855-1869  .,  ,  
,         ,      
 .      1932 .    ;
    ;    .        
                  .
           
  - ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,
, ,    .      "    
    " {Lewis Carroll. The  Rectory  Umbrella
and Misch-Masch. With a Foreword by Florence Milner.  L.,  1932,  p.  VI.  
    1971 .}    
   .
           .      
 ,      -      ,      
  .             {
     50-    "    
"   (. Hughes. Tom Brown's Schooldays, 1857)  ",  
-" . .  (F. W. Farrar. Eric, or Little by Little,  1858).
 (1823-1896),        ,    ;    
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"  (1867),  "    5-     "
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          "  {
.   . .   .  .  .    .  .  .
.  .    .  .  .,  1973,  .
7-8.}.            ,  
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             : ,
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 (     17-18   ),     
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     ;    ;      ,
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English Eccentrics. Harmondsworth, 1973, p. 17, etc. (1 .  1933  .).  .
     ,            
    . ., , 
   ,    " " (Osbert Sitwell.
Tripple Fugue. L., 1924),     .}.    
  -              ,
   ,              
 ,      XVII   XVIII
.    .       ,  ,  
  ,           
,       .  
        :  "-  
  ,   "  (Eight  or  Nine  Wise  Words  About  Letter
Writing).  37  -       1861  .  -    
98721  (      ).
      ,    ,           -
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              -
     ,  ,     ,  
,     -     ,   ,    
,      ,  
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        .  ,       ,
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    -        {Pillow
Problems. L., 1893. .    :    .    
, . 85-187.}.          "".  "
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 ,  ! -   ,      .  -
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  )   :     
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    .     ,    
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. 86.}. "               
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    .    ,  
      ,  ,    
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      !" { , . 88-89.}.
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  ,             
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          :        
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   (        ),  
- . . ,  , ,   .
      .    ,   1949  .  
   X.  " -",   
           {H.   Gernsheim.   Lewis   Carroll
Photographer. L., 1949.}.         -  
            XIX  .
       .  
           XX   .      
    .  ,         
    1956 .        "
",     ,          
{, ,    ,   .: The Family
of Man. Created by Edward Steichen. NY, 1965.}.    XIX
.,     ,    .
              .    ,
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        ,           
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(1889-1893),  ,   ,     
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      .}.
        , ,  ,     
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           .   1867  .    
        -    
  .    , , , ,
,      -  26   26  -   
   , , ,  .          
   , ,            
 .        "  "
{L. Carroll. Journal of a Tour  in  Russia  in  1867.  The  Works  of  Lewis
Carroll. Ed. and intr. by R. L. Green. Feltham, 1965, pp. 965-1006.  
    ;          
 , " ".       1935  .}.    
     -    ,     
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:      ,   ,  -
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         .     
     :  "      
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         ),          ,
        ,    
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" {Ibid., pp. 977-978.}.      
" ",  , " "  -
, ,   " "   , "
          ",      .  
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-",   : "     ,    
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981-982.}.
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,       ,   
            -  ,
,      ,      -  , 
                ,  
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    -       ,  
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      " {L. Carroll. Journal  of
a Tour.., p. 1005.}.          
  ""  (old),               
.         ,
     .
               .        
,                   
;      ,      .
    14  1898 .           
   .   ,    
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                                   * * *

      ,    "",        .
   , ,     
  ,     .
                     
,     .         
. 4  1862 .           ,  
,              ,      
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        1863 .      
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     ;  1864 .       ,
 .         
             ,      
. 26  1864 .            ,
        (  
).
     ,  1865 .   ,     
" ".      "      ",
          {L.  Carroll.  Alice's
Adventures  Underground.  A  facsimile  of  the   original   Lewis   Carroll
manuscript. Xerox. Ann Arbor, 1964. .     1965  .  (Dover
Publications)  . . .},      
.       {M.    
   .},       .  ,    
     -          
 -  "   " .    
  .
     , , - ""    "      "
     .    .  1890  .,
       ,        "
" {Lewis Carroll. The Nursery  Alice.  L.,  1890.}.  "  "
 ?             ,  
"      "  (             
"") -          ?      
     ,  ,    ,  
  ?
       ""     ,  ,  
,       .    
      .         
      .
            ,  "  "  
          ,         .
       ,        
         . 
      ,   
 40- - 70-   ,  ,  "      
,    "      ",  ,    
 " {Shane Leslie. Lewis Carroll and the Oxford Movement.
- "The London Mercury", July, 1933, pp. 233-239. . : , p. 212.}.  
      -     ,         
      ;      -      
,       ().      
     ;      -  
 ; ,    , -    .
 ,       ,  -  ,  ,  
 -,  , - ,     
  {Ibid.,  p.  213.}.    ,    
          ,  .       
       .
     ""    .          
,          ,  
           
 :

                                                   
       -  ;              -  
       -  ;   ;
       -  ;                   -  -
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        -          -  ;
      ;                            -  
        - ;                .
       -  ;

      . , "  ,          
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   ,  . ,  "    
       "  {Ibid.,  p.
219.}          
. "                 
,       .   
           1866  ."
{Ibid.}
     . . -    ""  
.  ,      
     .             
 : "    ?"  "        
, -  , -      .    ,
 , -  ,    ,        
  III,     ,    ""
 ?      1452 .,    ,
,  ,           
    .          
   ,  ,     
     .     
                 
"":  ,        , 
         " {.  
.:  L.  Carroll.  Alice's  Adventures  in  Wonderland  and   Through   the
Looking-Glass. Ed. and intr. by R. L. Green. L.,  1976,  pp.  255-256.  
,    -        ""
("Punch", 28 August,  1928),          "  "
("Sunday Times", 25 July, 1965).}.        -  
      ,  ,    
       ,      
,  ,        .  ,  
     .
                        
  .  ,         
  "  """,        ,   ,
         ,    
  .                    
 ,           ,
        .         
 ""            .  .
,   "  -" (1921)  {.  
   :          
   .    : Ph. Greenacre.. Swift and Carroll:
A Psychoanalytic Study of Two Lives. NY, 1955;  J.  Bloomlngdale.  Alice  as
Anima: The Image of Woman in Carroll's Classic. AA. pp. 378-390; W.  Empson.
Alice in Wonderland: The Child as Swain. Some Versions of the Pastoral.  L.,
1935,   etc.}.                   
               
  (     "  "):
     .             "    
",         ,  ,  ,
     ,       ,
               
   :     ,    
,   .
     .    ,        "  {.  .
 .  .:    .  ,  ,  ,
. ., 1968, . 265.}.
       ""      ,      "
".   " "  .    
  .     . 
   ,      "  
    " {A. Taylor. Through the Looking-Glaes  -  AA,
p. 221.}.   ""  ", ...  
   ",  ,     "  
      "  ",        
,       " {Ibid., p.  224.}.  
  ,               .   "
,               
,     ;   ,
           
        ,        ,
   " {Ibid.}.
        -    
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    ,           XIX  .
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  .

                                   * * *

           :        
      -      XIX  .,
   ;           ,    
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,   -    .    ""  
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(1855), " "    (1863),      
  (60--80-  ),  "   "      (",
     ",  1868)  -    
      {              
      ,          .
   .: H. M. .      
 (, , ). -  .    
 . ., 1975, .  99-167.}.      ""
         ,  
         -       
.  ,            
        ,        
   .         
,            
             
,   50-  XIX .         
              ,  
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  (1824)  X. X.  (1846).
     ,     ,   
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,       ""  ,  
            
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 {.: . . .   . - . "  
". ., 1976.}.          
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,      ".      
        "  {.  .
 .  .:     ,  .  1.  .-.,
"Academia", 1935, . XXX.}.
      ,             ,    
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   ), ,    ""     
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  .                  
        
 {. .   "   ...",  .  130-132.}.
         
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. . .  .  .,  1969.}.  ""    
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. , . . . "": -, , . , " " - - . ; , . , . , , 1846 . " ", , "" "" { . , . 1846 . - " " 1865 . - " " 1871 . - " , , " 1871 . - () - " ", " " (. 1872 .) 1876 . - " " 1877 . - " " .}. , , "" . . , . , . . . . . . - . , : - . . . . . . . . - , , . . . . . . . . - , , {*}. {* , "". . .} , . ( ). , , , , ; , , - , . (, , . ; .) : (. IV " ") - ; , , - " " {. . : ", " ("Punch", June - August, 1868). - , p. 27.} . ; , . , . , . ", " - 1327 .; " ". , , , , " ". . ", ", - . 1546 . : " ". : ", ", , . . , " " "" (19 1861 .).; , " " {Ibid.}. . , , . . ( , ) " " {. . . . ., 1956, . 258.} , . ( , , ) "", "", , "" {.: . . , . . . " " . ., 1976, . 17.}, . , . , , " ", " " {. . . ., 1965, . 43, 44. . (. 40-52).}. , , ", ", XIX . , M. M. . , : , , - , , . : " " -, , (" ", " " , , .). " " , . " ", "", , -. , , , , " " " , ". , ... : "". , . , . . . " , , , ; , , . - , , . _ _" {. . , . 8 .} ( . - . .). , , . , , , M. M. . , " ", XIX . . M. M. " " . " , - - , -... - . . , - , " { , . 9-10.}. , , . , ( , ), , , , , . , commedia dell'arte, , ""-, , , . , "" . , . . , " ", "" ( " ", , ""), , , , - . "" , , "" , , , { , .}. , : , , , , , ... , . - - , , , , , , , , . , , , . ( ) , XIX . . "" "" , , . . - , , , "" . - ( ), , . , . . , - . . ; . - . (" ") , , , . , { " " , , .}. , "", " " , , "", "" (wild - . ) . , , , "" , , , , "" , , . , . M. M. , XIX . . . -, , , , . , . , - - , . . ( , ) ; : " ", "", , , " ", " ...", " " (" "); " ", , (""). "" . , "", "" "", "" . " " : "" , , ; , , , . "" "". " ", , "" " " (. . 41 42). "" " " - , . - "", : ... , , . - , , , , ., " ". , , , , . . . , : "" , . , , , ". XIX . , , "" " {. . . . . . ., 1977, . 541 (. . " ").}. " " "" . , "", , "" . : ? , , - . - : - , , , . , , , . , " " ( "" ), . , , , ""? , . , "" ( , "" ) , " " ( , . . 84-85). , , , , "" . "", "" (. . 61). "" "" , (. . 49 - 50), , ; . , , . . . " ", " __ __, - " {. . . , . 290.}. . . : " ". " - " - , " , , , - "" " { .}. "": " ", , " ", " ", "". "" , "", "". "", , ; "" , , , , . , , , - , , - , . , (" ", " " .), , , "", "", , - - , . : "", {.: . . . - " ", 1976, 5, . 193 . . : . . . - " ", 1960, 1.}? , . "" , "", "", . "" "" , , , . , , , , , , , "" . "-" "-", . {. Partridge. The'Nonsense Words of Edward Lear and Lewis Carroll. Here, There and Everywhere. L., 1950, pp. 162-188. "" : "...as an earnest Token of their sincere and grateful infection". Infection , , "affection", .}. , - , . "" "". , " ", , " " (1861) ; - { . . , 1861 . "Victoria Regis", - " " 1867 . ( " "). , , , .}; " " (1806) ; "" , , , , (- "", 1858); "" , , {J. Hinz. Alice Meets the Don. - "South Atlantic Quarterly", LII (1953). . AA. He , "" "-", .}. , "" " " {. (. 114 ), . . . L. Carroll. Alice's Adventures..., op. cit., p. 256.}; " " "" {. . . (ibid., p. 256); . . .} " ". , , , . " ", , : , , . . , , , , , . . . , , ", "; , " " . , . " ": . : , , , , , , , . , "", . , . , . , " IV" ( I, III, 1; . . 347). " ", . . , - " III" (III, IV, 74); " " (IV, 1, 72); (", . ?") "" (I, 5, 33). , . " ", , " " "". . , . , , "" . , , . "" "" . - ; , . , : , . , , , , "" . . "jabberwocky" "" ( - ""). {Ch. Carpenter. The Structure of English. NY, 1952.} , , "" ( , , ) . , , "", " " "" {E. Partridge. The Nonsense Words...}. {R. D. Sutherland. Language and Lewis Carroll. The Hague, 1970.}. . . , , . , , (, ) , , . , , , "" "", , XX . {. . . "" . . " . 1972. . ". ., 1975.}
, , . . , , . , 30- . {. J. Huizinga. Homo Ludens. A Study of Play Element in Culture. L, 1970 (1- . 1938 .).}. , , ( ), , - ( ), . " " , . " " " ", , . " ", , - . " ". "" , ? "" " " {L. Untermeyer. Introduction. "Alice in Wonderland". NY, 1962, p. 5.}? , , ( ) , . . " , , " {. . . - .: . . ( , ). . . . . . . ., 1977, . 17.}. , , " ", , " , " { , . 24.}. , , { " """ . , , .}. " ", - , .

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