:


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     © Copyright 2001 .., ..
     . " "

            2002.  
    lib.ru .
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(  "    I",        .,                               ).

  

 1,  2.



© Copyright   ,   

HTML-   " " http://www.dex.ru/shop




         ,    2001 .            "  " ( 1  2),    " ". ,   ,   "-3".

    ,    ,       , ,  ,   '    ,     (  ') -    , , ,    -     XVI   -.

  1  , - ,   , -  "    I",   ,  ,  XVI .    ,  ,      .

  2     ,   ..,   ,    ""   ,        ,            .          .

  " "       "",            .       (   ).   ,    "-3",       .        ,      "".   , ,     "-3"     ,     .
 ,  "-3"       ,    1, 2,...,7.








 1.

  '         .

1.       '.

2.      .

3.    '       .

3.1.   -   '    .

3.2.   '     , ,  .

3.3.  ,  -  ', .   ,  ,   .

3.4.    ""  '   .

3.5. ,    ,     '  .

3.6. ,           -!

4.    '    .

5.       .  ,        '.

6.     ' =  .






 2.

     ,    ',          .


1.        ,   XV .

2.       .

3.            .

3.1.   -    ,     . ,       .

3.2.     , , .   " ",     .

3.3.  ,       ,   .

4.   ,     ,   ""    .

5.          -      ,     "",    .

5.1.   =  .

5.2.           .

6.      ,     ,    .

6.1.              .

6.2.   ,  =     .

6.3.   -       =.

6.4.   =   .   "" , ,  .

7.    ?

8.      =     .

9.   ,     ,  -   XV-XVI .






 3.

   ",   "      ,  -        XV .


1.    ",   ".

2.    XV        " ".  -   .

3.  ,   -           .   XV            .

3.1.   .

3.2.  .          .

3.3.      "  "       .

3.4. " "   -     1492         .

4.     -       XV .     -       =.

5.     = ""-   =        XIV .






 4.

              IV   XVI .


1.                    .

1.1.    -.  .

1.2.   .  .

1.3. -  ()  .  .

1.4. ,  .  .

2.          .

2.0.    .

2.1.   ""     "".      .

2.2.   ,   , -  ,   .

2.3. - - ,  .  ,  ,           .

2.4.  ,  ..     .

2.5.     .    VIII     -        .

2.6.    - -  ,     .

2.7.   -    -.

2.8. -   -.

2.9.  ,  -   - -     .

2.10.       -.

2.11.        .

2.12. -,   ,     ,     .

2.13.         .

2.14.  -     "".

2.15.   .        -       =.

2.16.      -.

2.17.        -?

2.18.  " "     ?

2.19.  .

2.20.       ?



  5.

    ( ).


1.     ,     .

1.1. "   "           .

1.2.     =      -             .

1.3.      ( )      .

1.4.        .

2.             .

3.             XX .

3.1.   .

3.2.     .

4. ,         .

5. '         - XV-XVI .

6.        ""     .

7. " "       XIV-XVI .

8.  - XIV-XVI        .       .

9.       .

10.           XVIII .

11.  XVII            .

12.     ..,   ,      .

13.    " " ..  ...  ,    XVIII    XI .

14.    XVII       ,        .  1999-2000     .



 6.

  , , ,  ( ).


1. =           .

1.1.             .

1.2.    -       ""  .

1.3.      -         =   XV-XVI .

1.4.           .

1.5.                    .

1.6.        =     =    .

1.7.     =      .

2.            ,    .

2.1.            .

2.2.        .

3.      XVII .   " ".

4.  -        .

5.           ,    .

6. ,     XV-XVI   ,  ,  ,  -  XVII .

7.    -     1492  - ,  ,   ,  XVI-XVII .

8.    ""       ,  , ,  =.

9.         .

10.  -        "" .

11. ,        ,  .

12.      XXIII   ..

13.         .

14. " "    III.

15.       .

16.        XIV-XV .

17.  -  IX  ,   -       XIV-XVII .

18.    = "" .

19.    = "" .        .




 1.

 . "    I".  (  ).





 2.

.., .., ...



           .


   2.


 .






 1.
   '         .

        ,     , . [1], [2] (  1, 2).


1.       '.

  : " ' (Jeanne d'Arc),   (. 1412-31), .  .  . .     1337-1453   .   . ,  1429    .  1430     ,   , -  .'     . .   ,     .  1920  . " [797], .431.

  '    .  "     VII   , ..  ,   '  22 , 8   14  .   44     9 ,   XV .    " [955:1], .15. ,   ,         ,    ',        .        [263:1], .373, [955:1], .9-71.   ,   , ,  ,  , : "    '" [955:1], .9-71.

         XVI-XX . ", .,  ,  ,  ,       (        - .)     " [204], .210.    .. :  "    ' .        .        " [204], .225.

         ',    XV .

    < '   1412 .         ( ).     17 ,    ,                   (  VII - .)   .            .    -    ,      .     ... ,      .  ,    ,     ,  ,      ... , ,  "" ,    ,          ,                 .   : ...  -,        ...    ...         ...

        ...     ...    ...     .  ... ,    .     ,    ...   10- ,      ,   ...                ,          VII.

             ,   ,  ,  ...    .        ,     ,    ,    ,   ... ...         ', ,     > [204], .211-212.

      ,          30  1431  [204], .222.


2.      .

          4-5    .       ,         , ., , [797], .365.

      4-    .

   "  ,         .        ,  ,    ;     ,    -.

        ,       ,        .        ,  ;     ,    ,   ;     []    .  []    ,  ,   ,   :  []   :  ,                 ;     ,   , ,  ,      [] ,      .

      :     , ;      ,  ; [    ,       ].    []:    ;  [, ]        ,    ;       .         .        ,        ,     .       ,  ,  ,          .

     ,  ,  ,    .     ,   ,   ,   ,  -   .     :  ,    ,        ;     .      ,      .                  ,      []   .     []    -,       ,   .

         ,   ;   ,  ,      .         : ,  ,   ,  .      ,      [].  []  :     ,   .     ,       . []  :    ,          : "   ?",  : "".  ,  ,    ,      ,     ,       ,    ;      -  .   ,    .        : ,    ,   .    ,  ,   ,     .

      []     ,  ,   .          ,  ,     ,  " ( 4).

       -     ,     .

       ,    '     .      .   .


3.    '       .

   
3.1.   -   '    .

     ' ,  "    " [330], .2, .393.  ,    "",   ,      [330], .2, .410.   , ,    . "    ,   " [330], .2, .394. "         ,            " [330], .2, .399.

           : "       " ( 4:4). ,         ,     ,  :  "[, ]        ,    ;       " ( 4:9).

    ,          , , .

   
3.2.   '     , ,  .

    '       .        .  "   ,    " [330], .2, .399.       VII    . "   ,      .   ;   ,          " [330], .2, .400.

            .    : "[]    ,  " ( 4:6).   : "   ...  ,  ,      [] ,      .    :     , ;      ,  ...    []:    ;  [, ]        ,    ;       .       " ( 4:7-9).

          ,      : <   ,            ,     ,     : "!        ,     ,    "> [878], .1, .238.

       . "    ...        ,   " ( 4:15-16). ,         ,            .  -      .

   ,    '            [204], .212.      - 10  -        :  "     (  - .)   ,     " ( 4:10).        :  "  ,         :     ,        " [878], .1, .238.   ,      .

     ,             .

     ,    ',         .  "  ,        " [330], .2, .395.        : "           ,      ,      ,  ,         " [878], .1, .239. ,       -     .

  
3.3.  ,  -  ',     .   ,  ,   .

     ,   '  ,     [330], .2, .394.          " VI",            .         ' [971], .5,  7, .45.        ,  . ,  -  ,           ,    ,    .

     ,       .   ,  ,   ,  - Caesar,    ,       .   ,    ,            ( 4:17, 4:21-22).

    ,     -    -       ,  -,      -.        :  "    []   .     []...       " ( 4:16-17).      .

            ..  : " :       ! -    ,    : -    ,     ! - ,    ,       " [971], .5, .45.  -   ,   ,    " ".

    ,  ,        .    .

       ,             -, .  " " (  6,.8:13).    ,      ,     "   ", , ,          ,      "- "  =      XV-XVI , . 6,.7-8.

        , ,              -     . ,        "- ".

  
3.4.    ""  '   .

    ,       '    , ,    XVI-XVII .   ,   "  "  '  ,       "  ".    ,    " "    XVIII-XIX ,       ,       "".

          .      " VI"     ,    ': "! !  - !     " [971], .5,  2, .13.        . ,        ',       -  .   ,    ,    ,    " "    " ".     ,   " "  .

        . " ,   ,   ( ' - .)  , , ,   " [330], .2, .398.       "" -     .        .  ,      "   ".   ,        .    --           :     "- ". ,   '  ,       .             ()   ,    .   ,   ,    ,           ( 6:11  ).  ,   ,    ',      4-7  ,     ,   !         = .

  
3.5. ,    ,     '  .

     , -         ( 4:6  ).     .  ,        ,  : "      ,  ,  " ( 5:1).       ,     " "  -     .     ,     ,  -,  ,     .    ""    ,       .     -   ,    "" - .

             ,     " ":             '.  ,       ,   Divine = .  ,  ,   "" -    '    "  ".  ,   ,  "    Darc",   ' [330], .2, .391.

    ,         ,     , ,   ""  ,     " " [878], .1, .239.  ,    -    "" ( )     -      . , ,  " ".

    ,  -  , , ,   ,      .        .  , ,    .

   ,              '   .     -   '     ,   [330], .2, .393.   , ,            ,       .         ,     '   . ,  "    ,        II " [955:1], .57.   ,      ,      , " " .        -        ,   -    -    .

    ,   '     BAR  Lorraine.          1994-2000 ,  "Joan of Arc, Saint" (CD-).  ,         偎,      '.     , , ,   '   '  "  " [955:1], .66.      " 偎". , "       " [955:1], .56.           -, " "  '.  ,   ' , "   ,    '--,   " [955:1], .51.     -       .

       ,        ( 4:4).     '     쐅 [330], .2, .390.       [955:1], .17,24.   ,   =  = 쐅    " " ,    " "  '.

    ,  ,      '       .

            ,      .     .     .

      ,   '   ,   ,  [330], .2, .396-397. ,            ( 4:13).

       "   ", ,      " " ( 5:19). ,         ,   " -"  "- " -       .

       , ,     " "  ,     ()     .  ,        " " [878], .1, .239.

      ,      " " ( 4:7, 4:13, 5:21).   ,     ,   ',       , [330], .2, .404-416,       ,    " "  " ".  ,           .

    " "  '      ,      "       ;    ,    " [330], .2, .392.  '         ,    [330], .2, .392.   " "      [845], .1, , .164,   . 4:11.    " "  "  " ( 4:11).

               .

    
3.6. ,           -!

      ,      ,    ' [971], .5,  2, .13.    .   ,    '   -   ,  ,        '   ""    ,       [955:1], .55.  ,  Jean Charteir,   "" [330], .2, .400. ,   ' "    ( - .)  " [330], .2, .400,  2.    " ,      ,   ,   ( - .)      ,     ...             " [955:1], .55.    ,  ,       ' - " " ,   ,     .

      .     ' ,        : "  ,       " [971], .5,  2, .13.   ,    ,  " ( ' - .)...     " [330], .2, .400,  2.       .  :           .  :  -     =  '.      . , ,     .

      
4.    '     .

    '      ,      ,   .      ,     VI,    ,    [330], .2, .394, 401. ,      '  "    ,    ...        " [330], .2, .394.  ,  "   ,     (    )  " [955:1], .60.       .    , ,  "    ,         ,   ,   , " [330], .2, .394-395,  1.       ,      ' ,  ,  "",            . , ,        '.    ?

         .   ,     ,    " " ( 5).      :  " ,   ;  !  , , , :  ,  ,    ...        ,  ,    , ,    ,   .    ,    ...     ,  ,    ;  !  ...  , , ! , !  !  , !    ,  !        ;    ...       , ! ...     " ( 5:2-3, 5:7-9, 5:12-13, 5:31).

    " "  "     XII .  .. ...    ,    ,  ,   ,     " [878], .1, .536,  74.   ,    "    " [845], .1, ., .166.

       .    .           .    ..       ..      ,   -    '.     XV ,   .

                  '.     .

    ,          " " [878], .1, .238-239.  ,  ""      XV-XVI ,     I  ..,       . ,    -      .      ,       .    ,    =  '        XV ,   ,  .   XVI-XVII     " "?


5.       .  ,        '.

           .  ,         .     ( 5)             ,   .       '       ,    .             =  ',           -,    .          .  ,     ,          ,     , .  " " (  6).

            .    '             .      ,   , , ,   .       ,         : "    '" [955:1], .9-71.     ,      ,  ,        .

   <   ,   , ,     "                ".      XVI .          . ,  " " (1540 ) ,   1431  "         ".    "  ",     1503 , ,  ,   ,    ,    .     "     " ,  ",    ,     , ,   ,  ".    , ...  -,     ,   ,          ...  ,     (  )  No.11542,  : "    []    ,   ,             "> [955:1], .26.

        ,                 .

    .. : " ...    :   .      -  ,          " [955:1], .25.

              ,      ,       ,  : "   ,     .     ; ,    ,      " [330], .2, .412.

      ,     XVI-XVII        -      =  '.    .   ,       ,       ..  .    : ...  ...

    .. : <              '.        ""    .  , "",    1412           1431 .   -    1412 ,      1431         '.   -  -   ,   1407      1431 . , ,   -    1407            1431     '.  ,     > [955:1], .69-70.

             ,   ,          XVIII .  < "    ",   1733   ,        " "   ,    ...  , ,       - "    ",  "     ,   ,    ,        ". , -      , -      > [263:1], .373.

    ,  <       ( - .)            ' ( ,  (? - .), ,       '). ,   ,  ,   : "    ,      "> [955:1], .52.

   ,        .    , "    ,      '      XVI ." [955:1], .52.      ,          -  .  , ?  ,     , -    , -  .          ,   .  ,       ,    (    )    -.   ,   XVII-XVIII           .     ,     ,     ' -     .   ,  " "        ,      ""!               '        .

        =  '    =     XV-XVI . ,  ,   ,    ,   ,   ,  .   ,    =      ,     .    .        :

     [878], .1, .230     ( 4:2),       , .  " " (  6),

      ( 4:2),     ,

      ( 4:6, 4:10), ,   ,    -, . [], [], 5  6,

      ( 5:19),  , ,   .   .

   ,       -   ""        ,  ,  ,  .   ,   ""     .       ,  " " .


6.     ' =  .

     .1.1    XV ,    '   .    ,  .    .

     .1.2    XV ,    '   ,  ,    .     .

    ,   ,     XV , . .1.3.     ,     ,    -   .     ,   .

         XV , .1.4.        .  - ,   ,     = , .1.5.     -' ,  , ,  , ,  ,          .         -   .

    .1.6  " ,   '" [328:1], .158.   .  ,     .  -  ,   .    .        ,    .   ,  ,    .         ?

     .1.7     : "      6  1428" [304], .2, .571.     ,  , .1.8.            . ,     ,    = , .1.9.   ,        ', -  ,     -   ,                , .1.10.  .  , ,  ,    .

          .1.9.     VII.    - :  "  ,      " [304], .2, .571.   ,  ,  ,   , .1.11,    .      ,  ""       , . [], 4,.7:7.        ,  " "   .

       ,        -  =  '.

       ,  XV , .1.12,     VII,      .    ,   ,   BEN I,  - ,     .     VII,   ,            . ,    -        , . [], 4,.10:2.

    " "     VII            - , , ,    . . [], 4,.6:3       [1], 1,.7:6.1.    -          .          .

              XV , .1.13.            : 1)    , 2) = -  , 3) -  , 4) " ", 5) ,     -.

          =     ', .1.9.         .           = ""   .     .   , -    . ,     1500  " ", .1.14,      = , .1.15.  ,     "" ,         ,              "  ,   " [40:1], .175. ,        .      . -  ,   .

           ', .1.16, .1.17.   .1.16  ,   - <     ""- ,          10  1429 ,          > [722:1].    - ,      .


 2.
          ,        ',          .

                     -   ! -         '   .


1.        ,   XV .

              (1404-1440), ,  ,        [330], .2.       :       [2:1], .86,         [914:1], , .783.

         ,    : "      ,       ,       (Gilles de Rais - .),   1440 .;       ,         .    (  XV  - .)      , ,         ,     ,      ...

      XV       ,     .    1404 .        ...         ;        .     ,   ,   ,        (Catherine de Thouars - .),        ;    ...      ...  ,        ...    ,       ,                .         ,     ,     ...        .  ,  , ,      ...

          ...        ...         ,  -  .  ,     ,     ...

    1433 .        ,     " [330], .2, .477-478. <        .     ,      ,     ,    .     ,  ,         '.   " "      > [2:1], .87.

              ,      [2:1], .86.    : "   ,      ,     ,       ...        ;         ,    ,  ...         ,  ,          ...           ...

           ,          ,  ,          ...        - ;  ,     .         " [330], .2, .477-479.

    1440          ,   .         . "    .     ,         .-      ...    ,      ...       ... 13  (1440  - .)        ...           ;     . , -    ,        ,       , " [330], .2, .480-481.

        19  1440 .   .    .          ,      ,       ,  ,          [330], .2, .481-485.          . "          ... ,    ,   ...   ,      ...     ,    ;     ,   ...   ,   ,    ,        .    " [330], .2, .485-486.

    ,      26  1440  [330], .2, [955:1], .80.


2.       .

   ,   . 13-16,          [533], .2, .402-404.        ( 13:2)      [877], .1, .250.         .      ,    -     ,  ,    .     ,    .  "     ,   " [533], .2, .402.   ,     .    ,   ,    ,         ( 14:6).              .          : "   ,     " ( 14:14).         ,      . ,   ,   ,    ,    .     ,     -          :  "  ,    !" ( 14:18).  ,     ,   30        .           ,         .

       ,  ,     .          ( 15:2).    -        .           .   ,     ,           ,     ( 15:4-5).          .   , , -,             -,   .    ,   ,    ,       ,  :  "... ...          ,     " [877], .1, .252.   ,             .   :  ,   ,   , -          , - , ,   ,     .  ,    .

              .        ,      .        .  ,    ,    ,     ,    -.  ,      , "    ,     " ( 15:19).           .

              -    .  ,   ,       ,   ,       .  ,   ,    ,            ( 16:3).

   ,           -        .      .   ,             ,     , ,    ,      ,    ,      .      ,  , ,      ( 16:6-13). ,          ,   ,   "     ;    ,      ;        " ( 16:17).

      "  "  , ,    : "  , !", -  ,     .   ,            .      .    ,           "" .   -      ,    .  , ,   ,           ,       ,     ( 16:30).

         ' = ,     ,             .          .


3.            .

    
3.1.   -    ,     . ,       .

          ',           1431 ,   1440 ,  .   ,    ( 13-16)      ( 4-5),    ',     .

            ', "       " [330], .2, .477,     , "      (  ' - .)    " [955:1], .73.  : "       " [330], .2, .478. "      - ...   ..." [330], .2, .479.    ,          .

         .    ,   : " ,     ,    " ( 16:9).    ,     .  "    ...   ,     " ( 15:15).      ,     .         -              .

      .         ,   "    ...         .  ,  , ,      " [330], .2, .477.

           .  "...  ...  " ( 15:20),          ,     .          .         : "   ,        .       ,     " [877], .1, .255.

     ,    ,         :  16  36 ,    1420     1440 .

    ,     ,    [877], .1, .249.         ( 13:2).      ,       [955:1], .73.      ,      .  ,       [330], .2, .477.

   
3.2.     , , .      " ",     .

         ,       .   ,       , , ,    .     ,     .     ,     ,  ,       ,       ,   ,  ,    ,    ( 14:6-9).          ,        .  ,                ( 14-15).     ,         ( 15:4-5).       (!?)   ( 15:15).    "    ,     " ( 15:19).             ( 16:3).  ..

                .   , ,   ,      ,   . "         .   ,            ...  ,    ,     .           .  ,     ,    " [955:1], .73-74.

      : "...        ...         ,  ,          .     ,    (! - .),     " [330], .2, .478.

   , ,    " "   .    "-       ...        ,  , ,    ...      . ,    ,  ,          ...    ,       ,    ,     ..." [330], .2, .479.    ,    .     ,  ,   "  ,   ",  -   XV ,         ,            ?  .2.1     . "  ".      -:   ,         -     .

   ,          =,           ,  .             ,    ""         .

   
3.3.  ,       ,   .

         ,    .  ,             ,    -          .     ,  "   ,      ,     ,       ,  ,   ,    " [330], .2, .478.  ,  "          " [330], .2, .479.     "" [330], .2, .479.    , "  ,  " [955:1], .74. -         ,           .    15   : "               , , ,     ...      .    ,      "                     -"> [2:1], .89. ,    ,   ,    "  36  46   " [2:1], .90.

        ,    ,  ,    XV . -,      , , ,  ,   -  ,          ,   XVII-XVIII .  , ,  ,        , ,  ,        ,             "  ",    ,             .  ,       ""       ,        ,    ,   ,       .   ,   ,   .    ,              -.  ,  ,   ...  , .  ,    .

      .     "" .     .       .    ( 15:5).        ( 14:19).   : "        " [877], .1, .282.           ( 16:27) [877], .1, .255.       : "  ,   []   , ,       " ( 16:30).

    ,   ,        ,   ,   .      ,        - ,         .     .           .

   ,       .            .        : "           ,    ,           " [955:1], .71.          .


4.   ,     ,   ""    .

                  ,          .       .          !       .   ,     XV     ,      .    .     ,   ,     ,  "  "   .  -   " ".      ,           ,  ,   .       .

   ,            .        ,   ',   ,         .            ,       .          : "  ,      (   - .)     ,        .         .       ,      ,       ,   ,     ,     . ,        ,     ,   , ,   ,      ,    ;  ,            ,        .  ,     -      ,   ,     ,  ,  , ,     ,      .      ,     ,    ,  .                  .   ,   (      - .),   ,       " [330], .2, .487.

      ,  "  -    (Brittany)         15     (Gilles de Rais)    (Comorre the Cursed),   (Breton)  6 " (   1994-2000 ,  ).

        " "         XV .  ,    (Charles Perrault, 1628-1703)        XVII .      ,   XVII    .  ""  "".      ,  "    ,  " ( ,  "Charles Perrault",  1994-2000 ,  ).         "  "        ,       " ".   ,  ,               .    -        ,        . ., ,         ,      [914:1], .617.        ,         .

      ,            ,         .       . ,    " "  -,     :       ,  -      ,    -   .    .        ?     ?  ,  , .    ,     ,          .         !         .         -       ?  -  ,      -,  ,  "",   -   .  -,    - ,   -  .

    , ,           ?      ,    .    ,       .         ., <    (  - .)... ,          ,        ,      .    (!  - .)       ,   ,    .     (  !  - .)    ,        ,         ,         .     ,           ;       ,    ,      ,   .      ,            (   ,        - .)...   (  - .)        ,     ...     ",    ,    ,     (         )"> [920], .260-261.

             , ,        ,  ,     .      [], 6,.4,    "" ,       XV-XVI    ,            .      ,     ,   .       ,     =     XV-XVI      ,  ,   , . [], 6,.4:5. ,    ,     , , -,     ,   .      .  -     ,  .   ,        .           .  ,    ,   ,          .        ,   ,        .

    ,         ,   ,     .        ,     .    ,      . , ,  .    -    .  ,    ,    -.         .            .  ,     ,         I,     .   .    ""       ,       ,     , , .       ""     , . [], 6,.4.           , ,   .          .   ,  .     XVII            ,      = ""           .       "  ".   XVII ,     ,        .  ,   ,          .

       .     ,               , ,    , "  ".    .  ,    ,    .    .  ,       ,    .            ,   ,    .       ,     .      , ,  ,       . ,     ,      ,        [330], .2, .482.  , ,   .    : " ,   .   , 15- ,      (     - .),       .       ?...       .  ,   ,         ,       " [330], .2, .482.

     ,       [330], .2, .483-484.  , , ,  "   19      " [2:1], .89.      ,           ,        .

   ,    ,     ,   ,      ,     ,    ,      .        [920], .260.   " " ,  ,      ,    ,         ,  .      - ,  ,        . ,           .

           " ".   , - ,  ,     , -   ,   ,    ,            .

         .           .   -       XV-XVI  [920], .260.     ,          XV-XVI .

    ,        ,            .      ,  ,       . "   []   ,   ,        .    ( - .) ,      ...   ...     ,      " ( 16:19, 16:20). -, ,   ,          =  .

    ,    .                [920], .260.  ,       "  "    "   " [920].  , ,    ,        ,   ,  ""  " "    XV-XVI .    ,    .   , , .   .


5.          -               ,            "",    .

   
5.1.   =  .

         ,  ,   .  ,         ""    =  .    .

    ..  ,     =  ,    ,     . "          .   ,     ,  :

   -       .

   -    , -      ,             . - ,          !

     ,          .         ,     , ,     " [955:1], .75.

        . -    ,     .  ,           ,     -,     " ".  ,    ,  ,      .

           !  : "  ( - .)  ,    ;   " ( 16:4).        ,    ,  .       . -    ,      .     ,     .      .    ,      ,    .

    -     -,        =  . ,    " "        ? - .       .

      .                  [330], .2, .486. ,    , "  ,        (  - .)  " [330], .2, .487.         : 񈋋 = .   . ,  ,  , ,     .  ,     - .     .       ,       , , -, . [2], 2,.3:11, -, . [2], 2,.3:10, -, . [2], 2,.2:6.    ,        " "     -     [955:1], .74.    .  ,           "     " [955:1], .81.

         .      ,    =    "" -.  ,  "     ,      " [330], .2, .480.    diable =           ,    b  d   ,      .    diable     diadle,     .           ,   .  ,    b  l (       )   ,    .        b  l    diable   dialle,    .

    ,    ,       ,  ,    [955:1], .75.           -   -?   :   = DE LILLAS.     -,   DE LILLAS ,       .

       ,  ,      ,         -,  .  ,     XVI-XVII             .

                XV   ,  "  " ( 1495-1500 ), . .2.2.    ,    .  ,    ,  : FOEMINA DIABOLO...,    , .2.3.        .  ,          .

   
5.2.           .

    ,           ,          .      ,  : "       ,     " ( 16:15).

            . -          .  "      ,       " [330], .2, .479.      ,    "  " [330], .2, .479.        ,           [330], .2, .479-480.   -       =,        -        .

               =   .       ,      . ,       [330], .2, .487.    ,   ,  ,    ""       ,     . .  ,       .  ,         ,        ( 15:6).      ,     "  (   - .)    ,    " [955:1], .73.             ,       ( 14:20, 15:2).       ( 15:7).          ,      .


6.      ,      ,    .

   
6.1.              .

       ,        . "15  1440     (   - .)          .     ,     -   V (  ,   - .)         ,            .              " [955:1], .76.

          .      . "          ...    ( - .):    ,      .    :  ,     .   :  ,          ,    .           " ( 15:11-13).  , ,     ,     .

     ?   ,       15  1440 ,       .    ,       . "  ,        ,          " [955:1], .76-77.  , "   " [955:1], .76.                     .

              . ,   -     .  .  ,   ,   .   ,     ,        ( 15:14-15).   ,   .        .

    ,            .

   
6.2.   ,  =     .

      ,       ,        .      .        .     , ,     , "         " [955:1], .78.   . ",  ,    ,  ...   .          VII ( ,      '       - .)    .    " [955:1], .78.          . "   ,    ,    ; ,       ,     ,     ;  ,    ',     ,    , ,     ,  ,    .    ,     ;  ,          .              " [330], .2, .482.

           . -,      ,              ( 16:5-21).         .          . =            .   ,      .        ,      ,      .          .     .       ,       16   .   ,        -      .      ,         .   ,         ,   , ,                ,        ,      .    "   ",    -.           .

    ,        =      -   ,    ,        .              .    , =    ""     =    ,        .    =   -         =,     .    ,      .   -      " ",           .        .

   
6.3.   -       =.

         -    .      .      : " ,   .   , 15- ,     ,       " [330], .2, .482. "      -   ...           ,     .  ,    . ,    ,     ...    " [955:1], .78.  : "                  ,    " [955:1], .80.

       ,     .  -     .  , =   ,      .  ,   ,   ,       ,   "   " [330], .2, .483,        : "     " [330], .2, .484  "   " [955:1], .79.     ,  "  21  1440 ,     " [2:1], .91.   ,      ,      .   !     ...

   ,     ,    .   ,     ,         ( 16:19-21).   ,   XVII-XVIII    " " ,         ,        XV-XVI ,    ,        ,     ,     " ".              ,          = .  ,   ,  "  ( - .) " ( 16:21).               .  :              ,    ,   ,   VII.  ,        ,  .   .

   
6.4.   =   .   "" , ,  .

            -    .   ( 16:23-30).       [330], .2, .485-486.              .

    ,        ,       ,        "      " ( 16:27).      "     " [955:1], .76.

   ,       : "  ,     ,  ,  ...     , :   [  ],    .      ,    ...      ;     " ( 16:23, 16:25. 16:27).     ,     , "    " ( 16:27).

           . "   (   - .) ,         ,   ,  ...    ,        :      ...              (! - .)" [330], .2, .485. .. : "  ,         -   - ,     " [955:1], .80.

   ,               =,       ,     .

   ,    "       ,   ,     ..." ( 16:31).       : "  ,   ,    ,        .      ,       ,   " [330], .2, .486.   ,   : "26  1440          ...  ,             ...  , ,      ,      ,      " [2:1], .91.

        ,        .   ,      ,      ,   ,        ( 16:28-30).           .2.4.

               ,      "   . (   )" [914:1], .617.     , . ,       "  ,     26  1440 " [914:1], .617.

          .      =    ,      (    ,         ),             .          ,    ?         ,   ,   -,      :  "      ...          " ( 16:27).      ,              ?   ,           ,         .       .                -   ,    .

       -.      ,       . ,       : "       ,     ...         ,    (    - .).   ...  ,      " ( 16:29-30).   ,  "   ,      " [877], .254.

    ,  ,        ,   ,    ,    "  "  . ,    "    ,     " ( 15:19).        "" ( 15:19),  ,      .  ,   ,  "  ,   ( - .)" ( 15:15).  ,  -   ,      ,     ,    ""   ,  .

       ,    , -               ,  .       "  "   ,   ,      "  "?  .

    : <  ( - .)    ,   ,  ,     ...   : - (" ",      - .)...      ,     .  ...       " ",      > ( 15:15, 15:17, 15:19).

   , ,  : "    ".         .          . -     : PONT METTRE SIEGER EN NANTES.      -  : " (  )   ()" - POMMETTE D'ANE SAIGNANTE.     :

                PONT METTRE SIEGER EN NANTES

                  POMMETTE D'ANE SAIGNANTE.

     ,          .   " " - PONT METTRE -  ,     ,  POMMETTE = " ()"!   "  " - SIEGER EN NANTES -    D'ANE SAIGNANTE - " ".          "  ",   -      .   -     XVII-XIX ,    ,          . ., ,  ,    1550    ,   .2.5,    1570  ,   .2.5.      " ",       .          .

    ,                ,     , ,  , "  ,     ,  ,  " ( 16:23).   ,          ,  "       " [845], .1, ., .194.       .  ,   ,  ,   . -,  ,   .      - " " - ,   . ,        . ,   ,       ,     " " ( 15:19).   ,  "   " ( 15:19).         ,   , - .


7.    ?

          . ,   ,    =      -  =.     -   .  -      ,         RAIS [330], .2, .477,  2.       .       Rais   ,   .  ,   ,    ,   -   .


8.      =     .

       .          .    ,    ""  ,   ,    ,    XVII-XVIII          .         .      ,   ,  XIX-XX ,   ,  ,        (   )  .  ,      .    XVIII-XIX ,       ,   ,   " "   "  "       , ,   .   , ,  " ",   ,          "  ".          ""-, ""-, ""- .           =  =.

   .        "" ,  ,  ,  ,    .. [920], .258-269.    , ,    " "    .       ,   .,              XVIII-XIX .

   "    - ,   ,          ,       .          ,     ,        ...   ,           .         :  ,   .     ;         ,       ,   ...                 .       ,      ;          ,     ...

      ,                ...     ,    ,     ;      ,     ...  ,     ,   ,             ,      , ,   " [920], .269.

      ,   ,   =     =  XV-XVI . '   ,      ,     [], 6,     -  =.   ,       =  =   .

        =    XVIII-XIX ,  ,    ,  " ",   =.  .        ,   = ""           .      -                  .   , =   " "    ,      ,      =  =   .

    .2.6      .,   1496 ,   "",     "" [1234], .19.  :  " (H.Klaiber)     .      (Iole),   (Eurytos)..." [1234], .19.        ,   ,   ,       .     -      !           .    ,    ""      ,     .  ,  ,   ""         =        XV .

   , ,       ,      . -    -  ,    -   ,    ,   .   :  "  (old man - .)        " [1234], .19.     " "    ,    " "  .     ,     !      ,   , .2.7.

             . ,    =,    =   ,     .  ,    ,         ,       . ,         ,  , "" ,   =.  ,     ,   =      ( ! - . )     =. ,    ,     .       "  "   =, ""  =   .

            . ,    , , ,    , .2.8.

    ,      =      . ,        , ,   ,       [533], .1, .277.  ,     ,   ,      . ,  ,    , "    ,         ..." [533], .281-282.     ""-       =    ,    ,      ?   ,   :   ,     , ""-  -, -        XV-XVI   =  .


9.   ,     ,  -   XV-XVI .

          .           .     ,        (),      XIII-XVI .  ?     ,       .

   -, -  -  ( 4-5),    ',   ,  XV .       .        .

   -, -   ( 9),     ,   ,  XIII ,  .       ,          " ", . [], 6,.9:7.      ""- ,  , =    , . [], 6,.9:7.5.

   -, -   ( 13-16),     ,   ,  XV .    ,   ,         .         " ".

       ,           .  ,           .   ,     .     ,     -    XV-XVI .                . ,             ,     .  [], 5,.12:9-10   ,      ,               .  -,  XV-XVI     ,    .         = ,       ,            ,        ,     XI .       ,  ,    .  ,   ,         ,  ,     .     ,     ,     ,  ,     .

                  .   ,           XV-XVI .


Last-modified: Thu, 07 Feb 2002 09:47:27 GMT

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