, . , - ? , " " (. ), . - "" , ; - , - "" . , (,,), " -" "". . [416], [375]. : , -, , , - . , - , , . 13.
. . , . , .. , . -, ( ) , . . 1979-1980 . . , : ) ( ) (.. " "); ) (, , ) (.. ). , .., . . , Q L(Q,T), L(Q,Q) , Q, L(Q,T) , . , L(Q,T) .15 ( ). , - , , . , . , . , ( X-XI . ..) , , , XVI . .. ( , XVII .). " " . , , XVI . .. . 1522 ., (. ) , : - , , , , , .. , , , . ( ) , ( ) . , , - , Gottia (?) - , , - Judei, .. (1598 .) , . , , XVII . (. ) . , "", , . . . 1) "" (. , 1545 ., ., , [64], . 97), , II . .., XV-XVI . .., .. . "" (. ). 2) tabula Pentingeriana (., , [1], .3, .232-233) .., , XII-XIV . .. - . 3) (, , , . [64]): ( VIII . ..), (, VI-V . ..), (, V . ..), (, V-IV . ..), (, 276-194 . ..), "" (, 168-165 . ..), - ' , XIII-XV . ..  4.

. 1. " "
-. 1974-1980 . , , , . [20] 14 (. ) 222 (, ..), , 4000 . .. 1800 . .. . (, , , ..) - , . ( ) . . ( ) . - , - (, ). (,) (,D) ( ), , . , "" ( ). 2. -
" -". . , , , [416], [374] - [377]. , (,Y) ,Y, . (,) , , L(Q,T) , -. , , (,Y), (,) , .. , (, , - ..). . 753-236 . .. 300-816 . .. : (,) 300 816 . .. , , . " " (. 1-5, , 1902-1912). " ". "" (,D) 1- 517 . " Y", : 1) " " . (. 1-6, ., 1897-1899) 1- 459 . , , . 2) (,D) 459 517 . , .. " " (., 1928, ). p = 2/(10 12). (. .12). (,Y), - ( ), Y - ( ), : p(,Y) = 6/(10 11). ` = 300 758 . .. Y` = " " 1- 459 . , : (`,Y`) = 6/(10 10). , : "" , - , ( ). , , " " . (. . 22) (,) (,D), (,Y). -. . 3. -
" -". . 4000 . .. 1800 . .. (. [20] .). ( 15 ) , 3. , ( ), (,) , , .. 1/(10 12) 1/(10 8). . , . - ; - . , , - - . , , .. - , , , , .. , ( ). ; , , .., ( ) , [377]. : (, ), : . , II : 1196, 1212, 1215, 1220 . "" ( ). . , . 1) = , 82-83 . .. 217 . .., = , 270 ... 526 . .. (, ) = 1/(10 12), 333 . . .23. 2) = 922-724 . .. ( , 1-4 . ), = , 300-476 . .. (, ) = 1,3/(10 12). . .22. 3) = 928-582 . .. ( , 1-4 . ), = , 300-552 . .. (, ) = 1,4/(10 12). . .25. 1-3, , , [141], ( N 3) , [141] . , , [141], ( (,)), , .. " " . , " " . , . , , , (. ), . 4) = 140-314 . .., = 324-532 ... (,) = 8,66/(10 8). N 1. . .26. 5) = , .. 681-887 ...; = 324-527 . .. (,) = 8,25/(10 9). . .27,28. 6) = 983-1266 . .. = 270-553 . .. (,) = 2,3/(10 10). 720 . . .29,30. 7) = 911-1254 . .. = - 1273-1637 ... (!). (,) = 1,2/(10 12). 362 ( ). . .31,32. 8) = 936-1273 . .. = 82 . .. 217 . .. (,) = 1,3/(10 12). . .33,34. 9) = 928-587 . .. (, 1-4 . ) (. N 3). = 911-1307 . .. (!). (,) = 1/(10 12). . .35,36. 10) = 922-724 . .. (, 1-4 . ), = 920-1170 . .. (!). (, ) = 1/(10 8). . .37,38. : , ( ), (). , - X-XIV . .. , , - XIV-XVI . , [141], . (. [416]). , , 1250-1460 . .. 510-300 . .. . [433]. () , (,) , , .. 1/(10 8) 1/(10 12). , , , , (,Y). 4. ,
. : , .. , . , , (,Y), (,), , - . , , , [141] "" . 5.
" -".
. 1600 . .. 1700 . .. : , , . , , , .. , , - [416], [374]-[377], .. "". . - . - (""). , - , (), . : = . . 39, . ( " " ) - . (=) [1], [2], [3], [4], : [4] 1778 C[3] 1053 C[2] 333 C[1] A . . 39. C[0] 6. " "
-. () , , , , . , : = [1] + [2] + [3] + [4]. , ( , " " ), . [2] [1] 333 , [3] [1] + [2] 1053 , , , [4] [1] + [2] + [3] 1778 . . , [416] ( ..). : " " " ", [1]. [2], [3], [4] [1] ( ) : 333 , 1053 , 1778 (). , " " [1] [0], 300 . .. , , - [0] ( [1]) 960 . .., .. , () 960 . .., "" , 960 . .. "" . - [0] (),(), () , [0] (), (), (), 920-960 . .. 1974-1980 . , ( = ), . 7. ,
. - , ( ), . ( ), (, ), "". : = ( ) = " ". ( ) = , . 1460-1240 . .. ( ) = , . 1236-1226 . .. ( ) = . ( ) = ( .), 1-2 , 850-830 . .., ; . ( ) = , , . 760-753 . .. ( / ) = ., . 753-523 . .. ( ) = , , , , , 522-509 . .. ( / ) = , - , , , , 509-82 . .. ( ) = , , , , , , 82-23 . .. ( / ) = 82-27 . .. 217 . .., .. - , "", - . ( ) = III ... (235-251 ), , .. " " , , 217-251 . .. ( ) = , 270-306 . .. ( /// ) = 306 526 . .. ( ) = YI . .., , , , , 535-552 . .. ( // ) = 553-900 . .. , , 681-887 . .. ( ) = II II , 931-954 ... ( / ) = , 962-1250 . .. ( ) = XIII . .., , , , , , 1250-1268 . .. ( ) = - , 1273-1619 . .., - , , , , . , 330 . .. ( ). , , , , .. " ". , : 1) XIII .., 2) VI ., 3) -- I .., 4) VI .. , 5) XIII .. ( , , ). , , "" , - . , (" " ) . ; : , .. "" : (.. [1] [0], . ), , , . () "" , , - 333 , 1053 1778 ( ). " " [1] " " , . , ( - ). , . . [416] [418]. 8. . " " , , " ". , , , . , , . . -, "" . , , , () , -- . : = ( ) . 39 . , (= , ) " " , 850 . .. 1400 . .. , ( " " ) , : , 300 ... , ( ) , , 960-1500 ... , , , XI . .. (). , , " " ( ..) " " - VII (XI . ..). " " , (1054 . ..) , . , "" . , " XI .." , XI .. , , - . . [416], [429]. (= ) . , (,Y) (. ). 800 . .. 1300 ... . , (,), : . [145] ( 800 . .. 552 . ..) . " " (. 1-5, , 1902-1912), 300 - 1300 . .. ( ). 300-552 . .., , (,). (), "" () 800 . .. 1300 . .. 2100 . . "" . : . , , "-" (), 1 170. 137 "-", .. 4 . 1-4 1-2 , "" 138-167 "" 98-137 . "" 103-137 3-4 , : 341 . (. [416]). "" 1-102 , . "" 1-102 , , , - - "", "" " ". , 17,1 ( , ), .. 17 . , , , "" 102 , 102 17 = 1734 . , , , " " ( ), 1734 + 341 = 2075 . , , 2100 - , (. ). "" . . , , (,) = ( 800 . .. 1300 . ..) 19 , , (,) (), . 19 20 : 800 . .., 770, 750, 520, 380, 100 . .., 14 . .., 98, 235, 305, 493, 552, 715, 901, 1002, 1054, 1250, 1268, 1300. (,) ( ) , , "-", , 19 : 800-770 . .. ; (770-750) . .. "-" N 1; (750-520) - "" 2-14; (520-509) - "" 15; (509-380) - "" 16-23; (380-100) - "" 24-39; (100 . .. - 14 . ..) - "" 40-46; (14-98) - "" 47-50; (98-235) - "" 51-59; (235-305) - "" 60-62; (305-493) - "" 63-73; (493-552) - "" 74-78; (552-715) - "" 79-88; (715-901) - "" 89-97; (901-1002) - "" 98-102, 141, 142; (1002-1054) - "" 143-147; (1054-1250) - "" 148-162; (1250-1268) - "" 163; (1268-1300) - "" 164-167. , "" 141-167 "" 103-137. , () () ' . , 19 . , .. ( ) . , "" 2-14, N 1, 59 , - 13 , .. ( ) 59/13 = 4,54. . . 40. () . , , , . , - (), .40 , "" , "" 1-137. . 40 , . , - "-" , , . - "" . [416] (,Y), . , 1, 2,... ,19. (,Y) = 1,4/(10 4), ( , 8). , (. [416]) , . , , " ", , , . , , ( 1-4 1-2 ) 962 - 1300 . .. , -. (,), . , , , , . (- -) , , . ( , , , , ) XIII . .. , : , , , (" "). 70- () 70- (1305-1376 . ..), [20]. , , , ( , " ") 1376-1410 . .. ( ), XV-XVI .. - (), . , = ( ) = ; ( ) = , , , , , , , , , , ; ( ) = , "", ; ( ) = , , , " "; ( ) = " ", ; ( ) = ,