, , , , , , , ; ( ) = , , "" ; ( ) = , , , - , , , , ; ( ) = , , " "; ( ) = , , , ; ( // ) = , , " ", ""; ( ) = , ; ( ) = , , , ; ( ) = ; ( ) = , , , ( " "), ; ( [] ) = , 70- , " ". , . 39, (.. ) , " ". 9. : , ,
X ..,
.. - X .. . (" " ) : " ", 900 . .., , "" 900-1600 . .. , , " " 900 . .. ( , , ) . , , , - [1], C[2], C[3], C[4]. , " " - , , . "" , III . .. . 900-1300 . .. , , (. . 39), - - 1300 . .. , " ", 900-1300 . .., "" : , 900-1300 . .. (, ), , (1300-1600 .). XVI - XVII ., ( ) , "" " " (. "" , . 39). - , , , , C[2], C[3], C[4], C[1]. 1300-1900 . .. , 1300-1900 . "" C[1] ( C[0]) , , , , . . : 1) " ", 2) " "? -, " " (.. , ) X-XI . .. ( ); X . , 300-1000 . .. , " " X ..., X-XVI . .. ( ) X-XVI . .. 10. . .. , . , .., III-V . .. ( ), X-XVI . .., , ... , , - . , , , . : "" . [141] , , , , ( , . ) VII-XIII . .. VII-XVI . .. ( ). . . 39. 1053 + 333 = 1386 XVI . .. 1524-1547 . .. ( : 138-161 . .. [20]). , " " . 1537 ., 1538 ., "" 1528 . " ", . , , . . I-III . .. X-XIII . .. (. ) "". , - XVI . - "" I (1440-1519). , . , , : (. . 41). ( ) (. 1). 11.
. 11.1. , XV-XVII .. . (. 11.4 [419]). , ( ) . XI .. ( .33) I .. , " ". X-XVII .., , . 11.2. . , , - () . (-, XIV-XVI . ..) , (), , "" . , , - (), . , , : ? , , : " " (., , "" ). " " (). = ( ) . ( ) " " - , 753 .., .. , ( ) 330 .. - , . , " ". "" 753 .. . "" - ( ) "" 330 .. ( , , ). (, , , , , ). : . , I 330 . .. , 330 . .. " " [56], .26. [56], .26. , . , "" ( ), - ( ). ( ) (, ). 663 . .., - ( I, III), , -, , [141]. , - . , ( ). , : , (. .). . "" - (, .1, .1). , - , , , " ", [218], .18.1.. 170-175. , "", , . XII-XIV . .. . , , , , ( ) " , ... "" (! - ..) ... , (., " ", ., 1947, .28). , " " (, , ). , I " ... ... ( - ..) ... (., , .28). , "" . " VII VIII . (! - ..) ... ; , ... " (., .31-32). .. ", : , ... , ... "" ... ( ! - ..) (?! - ..) ... ( - ..) ... .... " [46], .51. . , , ( , ), XI ( 330 ..). , 330 360 , .. - XIV .. ( ) . ( XI ..) XIV .., 330 ( 360 ). , . " ". - " "? , , . (, , ) .42. " " , -. , .42. " " , " " X-XVII . .., , , , .. " " - , , . , " " : . 11.3. . XV-XVI . , " ", - . , , - . , - " ", " " . , - , (!) XVI - XVII . , , . - , " ". , , , 30- , . " , " [77], .99. 1514 . , , , . , . . - 532 , ( ) , - . " , " [77], .99. ( ), IV . .. : 7980 . "", , , " , XVI . " ". ... (1540-1609) " " ... 1583 ., (! - ..) , ( - ..) . ( - ..) , , , - " [77], .106. - : " , ( - ..), ... , XIII " [77], .107. (1545-1563), , .. , , " ". , c. " ... " " ... ... ... " [91], .2, .107-108. ., , . , ( , ) , . 11.4. , . : X.III -: III . , , , - ( ). : 1) , . 2) . 3) - , ( ). 4) ( ), "", . 5) - , . 6) . . , 1053 ( 1000 ) . : ) ; , III ".III", - (- .). "" - "", , " I " ".I", " II " - ".II", .. , : I ( ), II ( ), .. "". "" VII ( 1020 ., 1073 . 1085 .) "" 1053 . . [419] 7 1 . , III III XI ..., XIII , .. X.III . , " : ( ) - XIV , ( ) - XV , ( ) - XVI " [58], .25. XI ..., " ". , 1300 () I.300, . 300- (- .). , I300 = 300- = 300 XI ... ( ). , , , ( XIII- XVI .) (, , " ") , . , , 1527 - Diogo Ribeiro (. "Durer Kunst und Geometrie", E. Schroder, Berlin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t 1.073 + t, t - , VII ( 1073 .). , " =". , "" " ", [419]. ( - 2100 ), , .. "=". , , 333 360 (). XV-XVI . .., .. - I (1493 - 1519), , , : MCL.III, .. " III- ". "" - 1153 , 343 . , , MCL.(...) , (!) 340 .  5. " " . 1. . , , 900 . .. ( ), , , , X-XVII . .. : " " " ", . . , " " " " ? , , . -, , (., , , 3) . -, , " ". " " . XVIII-XIX . , " ". " ", " ", [90], .161). , () , , , "" . [90], .166. "" ( , ..) . ( VI ..), , , - , , , , . - , . - . , , , " " [90], .167. . , , , , : " VI-VII " [90], .169. , " ", , - , , " " . , , , , , . (c. ). . "" , " " (!). , . : (.. ) 400-500. , , , . [47]. " , (, VI ...- ..), . , , - " [47], .2, .3-4. (, "" ) . " ". " " (, - , ) " " " " [47], .2, .3-6. ( ) . , VI . .., . ( [47]) : " , , , , " [47], .2, .21. IX : " , , , , . "[47],.3,.58. : " ... ( " " - ..), XII XIII , , " [47], .3, .121. - , , XI .. " ... , VII X ( ! - ..) , " [47], .3, .131, . 30. " , . , ... ; , , , " [47], .3, .125-126. , " " ( , .125-126). , , . " I ( IX .. - ..) , " ( , .127). " " . " ", "", " " .. : " X , . , " [47], .3, .316. . , ( "") , , " " , " ". .: " ( - ..) , , , , (! - ..) " [47], .3, .349. " X " [47], .3, .409, .20. X " ( - ..) " [47], .3, .388. , Graphia, . : "Graphia o " [47], .3, .458, .7. : " III, , - , , - , ( - ..) ... (! - ..)... X ( , , - ..) , V, - , ... , , . X , Liber Pontificalis , "( ,.458,427,431). , . , , , " (! - ..) ; , , ... , (! - ..) ... " [47], .3, .437. "