log.o, log.oo, .. errlog - , C News. , .. newsmaster (usenet ) newsdaily, -. Errlog newsdaily. errlog.o . . batchlog sendbatches. . newsdaily. watchtime - , newswatch. 18.8 Usenet , . . Control , , . , , /usr/lib/news/ctl. C News, , newsmaster. , checkgroups newsmaster, , . 18.8.1 - , - 327 - , . spool, . , , , . , . ; - . 18.8.2 Newgroup rmgroup newsgroups - newgroup rmgroup. Newsgroups " " , Usenet . , alt - . . news.announce.newusers news.announce.newgroups. newgroup rmgroup , , . 18.8.3 Checkgroups Checkgroups , active Usenet. , Internet . "" checkgroups comp.announce.newgroups . , , , . checkgroups, , /tmp/check, , checkgroups , : # su news -c "/usr/lib/news/bin/ctl/checkgroups" < /tmp/check newsgroups , , localgroups. newsgroups newsgroups.bac. , - 328 - , inews . C News checkgroups active, , , . : From news Sun Jan 30 16:18:11 1994 Date: Sun, 30 Jan 94 16:18 MET From: news (News Subsystem) To: usenet Subject: Problems with your active file newsgroups . alt.ascii-art bionet.molbio.gene-org comp.windows.x.intrisics de.answers , : /usr/lib/news/bin/maint/delgroup alt.ascii-art /usr/lib/news/bin/maint/delgroup bionet.molbio.gene-org /usr/lib/news/bin/maint/delgroup comp.windows.x.intrisics /usr/lib/news/bin/maint/delgroup de.answers newsgroups . comp.binaries.cbm comp.databases.rdb comp.os.geos comp.os.qnx comp.unix.user-friendly misc.legal.moderated news.newsites soc.culture.scientists talk.politics.crypto talk.politics.tibet - 329 - , . , checkgroups , ; . , , , addgroup . : #!/bin/sh cd /usr/lib/news while read group; do if grep -si "^$group[[:space:]].*moderated" newsgroup; then mod=m else mod=y fi /usr/lib/news/bin/maint/addgroup $group $mod done 18.8.4 sendsys, version, senduuname , , , . - sendsys, version, senduu- . C News sys, , uuname (1), . C News - version; "C". , , , () . sendsys UUCP. 18.9 C News NFS , host, NFS, , newsreader - 330 - . NNTP - , , . NNTP, , , , . NFS, , host . , spool , , , . C News . , newsreader inews, . , , /usr/lib/news. hostname host, inews host rsh. inews C News, C News, , . rsh , , . , hostname, hostname (1) , C News . 18.10 C News, , C News . , cron, newsdaily. C News. , /usr/lib/news/bin/maint. , . - C News. - 331 - newsdaily : . - , , . , , , .. newsmaster. newswatch - , , , . , newsmaster. , , , . addgroup . addgroup groupname y|n|m|=realgroup active, (y), (n), (m), (=realgroup). addgroup, newgroup, , . delgroup n . delgroup groupname , spool. , (a.k.a. Expire) . addmissing . - 332 - , , , , . newsboot . , , , , NNTP , . newsrunning /usr/lib/news/bin/input, , , . /usr/lib/news/bin/input/newsrunning off , on off. 19. NNTP 19.1 - , NNTP () C News. NNTP " '', . , . - , . newsreaders. NNTP . NNTP , " pushing " " pulling ". (pushing) - C News ihave/sendme . " IHAVE ", , , , . , , . - , - 333 - . - (pulling) . , . NEWNEWS. , , , ARTICLE . , , . , , newsgroups . newsreaders, , . , host, , nntp- . - NFS, 18 .. NNTP , . faking. NNTP . NNTP . - NNTP daemon, . , Stan Barber Phil Lapsley, RFC 977. - nntpd-1.5.11, . . Nntpd , , inews . Bnews , , C news, . , NNTP newsreaders , . NNTP daemon nntpd , . - 334 - 19.2 NNTP NNTP nntpd, , . , - - , . definines common/conf.h. Nntpd , rc.inet2, daemon inetd. /etc/inetd.conf: nntp stream tcp nowait news /usr/etc/in.nntpd nntpd nntpd , , inetd.conf . , , /etc/services: nntp 119/tcp readnews untp # Network News Transfer Protocol , ., nntpd a .tmp spool . # mkdir /var/spool/news/.tmp # chown news.news /var/spool/news/.tmp 19.3 NNTP NNTP nntp access /usr/lib/news. , . : site read|xfer|both|no post|no [!exceptgroups] NNTP , nntpd, IP . - 335 - Hostname IP site , . . , ; , , . : hostname - host. hostname , , . IP address - IP . IP , , . domain name - , *.domain. hostname , . network name - /etc/networks. IP , , . default . . , . , , (read), , (xfer). , , . No, , . , , . nntp : # # by default, anyone may transfer news, but not read or post - 336 - default xfer no # # public.vbrew.com offers public access via modem, we allow # them to read and post to any but the local.* groups public.vbrew.com read post !local # # all other hosts at the brewery may read and post *.vbrew.com read post 19.4 NNTP () xfer read nntp access , nntpd . , Xfer XFER, nntpd , . NNTP, AUTHINFO. , NNTP . Nntpd , /etc/passwd, , nntp. NNTP , . - , ; . 19.5 Nntpd C News , nntpd . , IHAVE POST, rnews inews, . , rnews, rnews ( ) /var/spool/news/in.coming, relaynews, . ihave/sendme , nntpd . , , - 337 - . , C news nntpd . C news dbm -, ; , dbm . C news dbm , libc, nntpd , . nntpd C news - , nntpd , , NNTP. spool, telnet nntp , , nntpd . , ID- , nntpd . $ telnet localhost nntp Trying 127.0.0.1... Connected to loalhost Escape characters is '^]'. 201 vstout NNTP[auth] server version 1.5.11t (16 November 1991) ready at Sun Feb 6 16:02:32 1194 (no posting) IHAVE 435 Got it. QUIT nntpd; "Got it" , . "335 Ok" , , . Ctrl-D. , , ; nntpd syslog. dbm , dbminit . 20. Newsreader Newsreaders , , , , newsgroup . - 338 - . newsreaders, Linux. , tin, trn, nn. newsreaders $ find /var/spool/news -name '[0-9]*' -exec cat {} \; | more - , Unix . newsreaders, , . , , . . newsgroup, newsreaders , , . , , , . , " " Re: ''. , , . newsreaders, Linux , . , . . 20.1 tin newsreader - tin. Iain Lea - newsreader, . 486DX50, 30 , 1000 . NNTP , - 5 . , -u , tin - U . , tin .tin/index. , . , tin setuid , . tin - 339 - , /var/spool/news/.index. access Escape , , . tin, Linux NNTP. rtin -r , tin NNTP , /etc/nntpserver NNTPSERVER . Nntpserver . 20.2 Trn Trn - newsreader, rn ( ). " T " "". Wayne Davidson. tin, trn . , , mthreads, cron, . mthreads, , , , " Novell Linix!! " , , ( ). newsgroups, mthreads newsgroups . sys: mthreads comp,rec,!rec.games.go comp rec, rec.games.go (, , , ). , , . , active , mthreads . , mthreads , , . , , - 340 - mthreads daemon . , -d , , 10 , , , . mthreads daemon , rc.news : /usr/local/bin/rn/mthreads -deav -a mthread , ; -v mthreads, mt.log , trn. , , . , , , . , ( Expires) , mthreads -e , " " . mthreads daemon , -e , . 20.3 nn Nn Kim F. Storm, , newsreader , . " '', - " - . nn ." , nn , , , , , . , nnadmin, . Nn , nnmaster. daemon, rc.inet2 rc.news. /usr/local/lib/nn/nnmaster -l -r -C - 341 - newsgroups, active. , nnmaster cron, . sys, , . fake , "" , . # /usr/local/lib/nn/nnmaster !rec.games.go rec comp , : , , . , !rec.games.go rec, . Nn . , , , . - , nnmaster -E . , NNTP. 2 , mthreads, , , active. , -e . , . , -E3 nnmaster. , -F . , nnmaster, daemon, ( -k) , , . , expire , 1: # nnmaster -kF "" # nnmaster -lrC , , nn. , nnmaster . - 342 - Nnmaster , GROUPS, /usr/local/lib/nn. , . newsgroup, , , , . , , , . nnmaster , . APPENDIX A Null PLIP PLIP , 25 ( DB-25) 11 . 15 . , . , : +-------------------------------+ |D0 2 15 ERROR | |D1 3 13 SLCT | |D2 4 12 PAPOUT | |D3 5 10 ACK | |D4 6 11 BUSY | |GROUND 25 25 GROUND | |ERROR 15 2 D0 | |SLCT 13 3 D1 | |PAPOUT 12 4 D2 | |ACK 10 5 D3 | |BUSY 11 6 D4 | +-------------------------------+ . , DB-25 . - 343 - APPENDIX B smail UUCP . , smail-3.1.28. , . - , smail. smail , , . host , paths, /etc/hosts, . smail , , , . , . , , , . , , . smail, , pathalias . hostnames pathalias . : # # pathalias database for intra-domain routing domain paths: driver=pathalias, # look up host in a paths file transport=uux; # if matched, deliver over UUCP file=paths/domain, # file is /usr/lib/smail/paths/domain proto=lsearch, # file is unsorted (linear search) optional, # ignore if the file does not exist required=vbrew.com, # look up only *.vbrew.com hosts # - 344 - # pathalias database for routing to hosts outside our domain world paths: driver=pathalias, # look up host in a paths file transport=uux; # if matched, deliver over UUCP file=paths/world, # file is /usr/lib/smail/paths/world proto=bsearch, # file is sorted with sort(1) optional, # ignore if the file does not exist -required, # no required domains domain=uucp, # strip ending ".uucp" before searching , , , . , uux . transports, . , , mathod transports. hostnames transports. . , . host Internet, , , MX. inet , BIND smail. , UUCP TCP/IP, , /etc/hosts, SLIP PPP . , UUCP. inet , paths/force. - pathalias-, smail . # A sample /usr/lib/smail/routers file # # force - force UUCP delivery to certain hosts, even when # they are in our /etc/hosts - 345 - force: driver=pathalias, # look up host in a paths file transport=uux; # if matched, deliver over UUCP file=paths/force, # file is /usr/lib/smail/paths/force optional, # ignore if the file does not exist proto=lsearch, # file is unsorted (linear search) -required, # no required domains domain=uucp, # strip ending ".uucp" before searching # inet addrs - match domain literals containing literal # IP addresses, such as in janet@[191.72.2.1] inet addrs: driver=gethostbyaddr, # driver to match IP domain literals transport=smtp; # deliver using SMTP over TCP/IP fail if error, # fail if address is malformed check for local, # deliver directly if host is ourself # inet hosts - match hostnames with gethostbyname(3N) # Comment this out if you wish to use the BIND version instead. inet hosts: driver=gethostbyname, # match hosts with the library function transport=smtp; # use default SMTP -required, # no required domains -domain, # no defined domain suffixes -only local domain, # don't restrict to defined domains # inet hosts - alternate version using BIND to access the DNS #inet hosts: # driver=bind, # use built-in BIND driver # transport=smtp; # use TCP/IP SMTP for delivery # # defnames, # use standard domain searching # defer no connect, # try again if the nameserver is down # -local mx okay, # fail (don't pass through) an MX # # to the local host # # pathalias database for intra-domain routing domain paths: driver=pathalias, # look up host in a paths file transport=uux; # if matched, deliver over UUCP file=paths/domain, # file is /usr/lib/smail/paths/domain - 346 - proto=lsearch, # file is unsorted (linear search) optional, # ignore if the file does not exist required=vbrew.com, # look up only *.vbrew.com hosts # # pathalias database for routing to hosts outside our domain world paths: driver=pathalias, # look up host in a paths file transport=uux; # if matched, deliver over UUCP file=paths/world, # file is /usr/lib/smail/paths/world proto=bsearch, # file is sorted with sort(1) optional, # ignore if the file does not exist -required, # no required domains domain=uucp, # strip ending ".uucp" before searching # smart host - a partically specified smarthost director # If the smart path attribute is not defined in # /usr/lib/smail/config, this router is ignored. # The transport attribute is overridden by the global # smart transport variable smart host: driver=smarthost, # special-case driver transport=uux; # by default deliver over UUCP -path, # use smart path config file variable directors. , , . , , , aliases, , ... , janet, smail usr directors . director , , (, mailbox ), (, ). -