:


    ,
        .
       "Linux user group  "
http://gpntb.iitp.ru/russian.win/vodol.html
  
http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Pines/7895/BOOK.HTM
---------------------------------------------------------------
             
     . ,
    .     
        
            
        ""   .
                 voldemarus@geocities.com
---------------------------------------------------------------
                10  1997
( 32- )

1996 .


Linux
?
Linux?

DOS?
Linux


?

...
...
Linux?
LINUX
Slackware
?








Red Hat







: X-Window
Red Hat Linux
Linuxware
X-Window
N1 - X-
N2 - .
N3 - X-windows.
N4 - .





LILO - Linux Loader
LOADLIN


UNIX
?



?
?
?
, ?
" " , ?
" " " "?
1. .
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

- CRACK
" "
npasswd -


Linux

- tunelp

lpd
lpq
lprm
lpc
/etc/printcap -

""
apsfilter -
Postsript

FDD-
, Linux-
FTAPE






tar
cpio ???


UPS
-
DOS
Windows
SCO UNIX
BBS
-




Ethernet - ?
TCP/IP
- Windows-Linux
Internet
CD-ROM Linux
Trans-Ameritech Enterprises
Volume 1
Volume 2
Supplement
Interim Release
Release 4
Linuxware 1.0
LinuxWare 2.0
LinuxWare 2.5
- Caldera
Caldera Desktop 1.0
Linux Office
- SAMS Publishing
CD-ROM Linux Unleashed
CD-ROM Building Linux Internet Server
-
" "


, . , , , , , MS-DOS. , , - , UNIX, , , MS-DOS Windows. MS-DOS, , , UNIX, 80386 .

UNIX. , " UNIX" - Linux. - UNIX , , UNIX, . , :

  1. Linux , Linux - " !"
  2. " - Linux, ..." - !
  3. , Linux , " UNIX-" ! , , () - " ...", .
  4. Linux UNIX, Windows 95 NT "" DOS UNIX . , , , Windows 95 , 1994 Linux.
  5. UNIX Linux . - - MS Office, Photoshop .. , Windows - ! Linux.

, LINUX, . -, FTP- Internet, RELCOM , -, Trans-Ameritech Enterprises , - , . Linux - Linux. , CD-ROM 1.44 .

Linux

UNIX 80386 80486. Linux , 32- , . POSIX, , Linux, UNIX .

?

. 386SX-25 4 , 8 . , Linux ISA, EISA, VLB PCI, MCA ( PS/2 IBM), , , - . "Intel" - AMD, "Cirrus Logic", TI . - 80 ( , , ?). ( ).

200 , , , . , . - CD-ROM, IDE.

- SVGA 1 . . - , X Window.

, , , , - UNIX-. Linux . : Ethernet ( Novell!), Internet , , . - , Linux , .

Linux?

1994 Linux - CD-ROM. , , -. Trans-Ameritech Enterprises CD-ROM Linux . , Yggdrasil InfoMagic, Trans-Ameritech. Kronverk Linux - Caldera Desktop. 1996 CD-ROM " ", .

. Linux , CD-ROM . 1000- LINUX UNLEASHED, 1996 Sams Publishing, Building your own Linux Internet Server ( 1996 ) Linux System Administrator's Survivals Guide ( Sams Publishing, 1996). , NT, Netware, OS/2. "" Linux ...

Linux . - Windows95, 3.5" , 4- CD-ROM - ! . , , "" .

Linux - , DOS UNIX . .

X Window - , UNIX-. , , XFree386 ( X Window Linux) - SUN, VAX Cray.

XFree , MS Windows . , .

DOS?

, LINUX MS-DOS, , .

DOS Linux , "" (partition) . , DOS LINUX. MS-DOS , Linux DOS.

? MS-DOS Linux! . , F-19 SimCity . , .

, Wing Commander Doom, , Linux . Linux DOOM, X Window, . DOS ( XMS EMS-), .

MS Windows Windows 3.1 XWindows. - 1996 . , Java, Linux Sun!

Linux

Linux UNIX- IEEE POSIX. UNIX 90% .

CD-ROM, , Linux, :

1994 , Linux - Linux Journal (ISSN 1075-3583). : subs@ssc.com.

Linux - Linux Documentation Project, Linux. , , , Linux .

. , CD-ROM Yggdrasil 1200- Linux Bible LDP, - FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions).

, Sams Publishing. " ", . (. (095) ....... ).

. - MS-DOS. DOS, Windows "", " "-Windows NT OS/2. , , UNIX - Linux, ( ) .

, "" "". , . , , , Windows 3.1. , 32- , , -Windows NT, OS/2 Linux. .

, , . , ?

. -, 80386 ( 32-). , , . . , Linux OS/2 4 , Windows NT - 12 . , Linux 15 , 32 OS/2 70 Windows NT. , "", (. 1 2).

.1.

LinuxOS/2 Windows NT
, (OS/2 NT ) 2
(Linux X) 6 4 12
( ) 8 8 16
, 12 16 24

.2.

Linux OS/2Windows NT
Linux, POSIX, 15 OS/2, OS/2 32- 16-, 20 Windows NT, Win32, 50
Linux, + DOS, X/Window, , 60 OS/2, + DOS, Win16, , 32 Windows NT, + DOS, Win16, POSIX , 70
Linux + 90 OS/2 + 40 Windows NT + 100

, , . . - . - (hardware) (software), . , MCA (MicroChannel Architecture), IBM PS/2, Linux ( Linux ). Compaq Qvision, , OS/2 . 3Com 3c501, Windows NT .

, . , , , , - , . ... . , , , .

, , , . . , Windows NT, OS/2 Linux, , , .

, - . , , !

?

. , , , , . , Microsoft (Word, Excel, Access PowerPoint), Linux.

OS/2 , , 1991 Microsoft IBM... Windows NT , Windows 3.1. , , . ( - ), , .

OS/2 - . , , . . , . , , -" ".

, . , , . , ( ) - .

Linux, , X/Window. - , - . - . - . , . . Linux, , . , . Midnight Commander - " ". , , Windows OS/2 , Linux. , Linux " ". , .

Linux , - Internet, Linux Journal, , , , UNIX . Linux , - , , . , , , . , IBM Microsoft !

, - , . , , , , . , .

Linux, OS/2, 80386 . Windows NT, , MIPS DEC Alpha. Digital Alpha Windows NT, , Digital . 64- UNIX Alpha? , - , Digital UNIX - . , UNIX, .

, . , Internet BBS, . MS-DOS . NT , , , Pentium. Linux , Linux- 80386 (Purdue's Adapter for Parallel Execution and Rapid Synchronization). , Linux- Linux-, / Sun, SGI, Windows. , "" .

NT Linux , OS/2 , ( 512 2 ). Linux NT , -. OS/2 Windows NT Linux . , , , , - - .

Linux . Linux , " ".

, Windows NT , . Linux- NT-, , OS/2 .

, Linux , UNIX, . - Linux Firewall. , ! .3.

3. 32-

--------------------------------------------------------------- From: Maksim Moshkow , 1994- . Linux - "" "", : 2.1.39 SMP Linux DEC, Sun, R4000, PowerPC - :^). , Linux "" NT Microsoft LAN Server Samba ? Linux Microsoft - . Netware IPX 16- Windows 200$ WABI ( - 30 :-) Microsoft Word 6, Excell, Access - e MS Office Netscape 3.0 for windows ---------------------------------------------------------------
Linux OS/2Windows NT
, 3 512 2
TCP/IP
NFS
IPX/SPX
IBM LAN Server
Microsoft LAN Server
FAT (DOS)
HPFS (OS/2)
NTFS (Windows NT)
EXT2 (Linux)
ISO9660 (CD-ROM)
Network File System (NFS)
Coherent (UNIX)
Stacker
DoubleSpace
DOS
16- Windows
16- OS/2
32- Windows
32- OS/2
POSIX-
Macintosh
SCO UNIX
X/Window
- $199 $495
() $50$179 $289
(CD-ROM) $15-40$150 $289

...

, , , , . , , . Windows NT . . , , . Linux ( X/Window) .

, Linux , X/Window . , , .

, OS/2 . , IBM. 8 , - , DOS, Windows OS/2.

, Linux . , . , 4 . , Linux , 80386, , OS/2 NT . , Linux , , -. , 16 , Linux 12 !

, Linux. , NT , OS/2 - . , Linux- , . , OS/2 NT .

...

Windows NT , , Intel.

OS/2 , 16- DOS Windows, 32- .

- OS/2 NT - OS/2, Windows NT. Linux " ", . , Linux UNIX-. " " IBM Microsoft, , , , Linux , .

, . , , . Windows, OS/2, UNIX Macintosh, , .

, , . Linux , - UNIX, , , SCO UNIX. , UNIX- , Microsoft Word Lotus Word Pro. , Linux.

Linux?

Linux "/", TCP/IP. Linux -, -, postscript- -, . , Linux , .

, , . (, Mitac Octagon). Linux Internet. C .

. (!) . , , SQL- , . , , " Microsoft". , , Linux ...

Linux "" . , , . , Sound Blaster, (, , CommonLisp?) ( DOOM) . , , OS/2, , Windows NT.

OS/2 , NT . , , Windows 3.1, Norton Commander.

32- .

, , Linux , -. . . Wine, Windows- X/Window, Linux . . Linux.

LINUX

Linux , CD-ROM. Slackware, "" , LinuxWare TAE RedHat.

Slackware

. Unix 5.25" HD - boot root. , 3.5", 1.44 . , , .

?

CD-ROM TAE Volume 2 ( ) Install. , Install, . , . . BOOT, (boot) (root) . rawrite, .

. boot Reset. , , . , , root. :


darkstar login:

root <Enter>. . Linux . fdisk.


fdisk < >

Unix MS-DOS. , , IDE, /dev/hda, - /dev/hdb, , SCSI - /dev/sda, /dev/sdb . , , IDE. :


fdisk /dev/hda

fdisk . fdisk Unix , DOS. m , p - . - - Linux (Native Linux - 83) (Linux swap- 82).

. 16 - . , ! . Linux 16 , 128 . !

, fdisk. , , . , 80 , +80M ( +80 - 80 !).

. w. , ( - q) .

, MS-DOS Linux. .

, . , , , . . , /dev/hda4 8192 (1 = 1 - !).

:


mkswap -c /dev/hda4 8192

. -c - , . . . . :


swapon /dev/hda4

. 8192 .

, .

, . Unix , , . , . , "", swapoff. . ! !

, , , . , - .

, setup mkswap, swapon . .

, . , ! , .

, Linux . . , MS-DOS: /dev/hda1 /dev/hda2, Linux native - /dev/hda3. .

setup , Linux. - /dev/hda3. . , ext2fs. "" - " , !" , .

DOS. , . DOS cp ( copy MS-DOS). - . Unix , . , , "/".

, Unix DOS , /dos-c /dev/hda1 /dos.d /dev/hda2. Linux , DOS - - !

, , DOS, D:\F117, : dir /dos.d/* . MS-DOS , - . , .

(diskset) . , , . . . . : A D .

. , , . A. .

. SCSIKERN, IDE , IDEKERN, SCSI. , , . .

, TCP/IP. , , .

- D, Linux. :

C++, Objective C LISP, PERL, Pascal, Modula, Fortran . .

. Linux. . ( , ?) setup Linux. , , . .

, . , , . - root boot . MBR , A: MS-DOS. Unix .

root. , , . . , . - .

, . /usr/src/linux. ? MS-DOS CP/M, 80- UNIX-.

:


make config

, . , 80387 , . Linux 80386, 80486 .

. - .

-, , : IDE / SCSI. . , IDE-, SoundBlaster ASP 16 SCSI-2. Adaptec 1522 BIOS. , MS-DOS SCSI Linux! .

, , "!" -, Linux , , , "-" (, Postgress (!) LDBF), TCP/IP.

- CD-ROM. CD-ROM . . , .

, , . . ! . , :

. : bus mouse serial mouse - ! , bus mouse, . ?

, make Linux , make, :


make depend

, , make , :


make zImage

. 80386DX-40/4 1 5 , 8 , . Linux 486DX2-66/8 . , , .

? c , /usr/src/linux/arch/i386/zImage.

. , , , , .

( , /dev/fd0 !):


cat zImage > /dev/fd0

:


rdev /dev/fd0 /dev/hda3

rdev -v /dev/fd0 -1
rdev -R /dev/fd0 1
rdev -r /dev/fd0 0

.

, , Linux . , MS-DOS . , MBR Linux Loader . - , Volume 3 . .

-, :


cp /usr/src/linux/zImage /vmlinuz

"rdev", /dev/fd0 /vmlinuz.

Setup Set LILO. LILO ( BEGIN). - DOS Linux. , . .

, , LILO , . LILO end MBR .

, , . "rdev" LILO.

, . Linux , . /vmlinuz , . - .

MS-DOS ( DOS, Linux - [Tab] . fdisk MS-DOS. Linux, DOS, , DOS . Linux .

"" Linux . , , !

, . ? MS-DOS, CD-ROM. , CD-ROM , ! ?

, . , . CD-ROM!

Unix - man. , , . ftab:


man ftab

/etc ( ) ftab:


vi ftab

, , vi, ,

.

<Ins> . <Enter>. .

:


/dev/fd0     /A    msdos   defaults


/dev/fd1    /B     msdos    defaults

/dev/cdrom  /rom   iso9660   ro

<Esc>, ( :


:wq

ftab .

. , :


mkdir /A

mkdir /B
mkdir /rom

, A B MS-DOS, CD-ROM - iso9660.

. Linux - msdos ext2fs ! CD-ROM ! DOS ( mscdex.exe) .

, ( - ctrl-alt-del, reset !) /rom.

! ftab , . :


mount /dev/cdrom

ls. , /rom

!

. , , slackware, :


/rom/slakware

/rom/slackware.120

, setup .

! setup, source. - CD-ROM, , /rom/slackware.120. , , ...

, . , XWindows . , .

. CD-ROM? - :


umount /rom


mount /dev/cdrom

, .

Red Hat

Red Hat " " , - " ". , , Linux-, UNIX DOS. Red Hat .

Red Hat Linux 2.1 , :

Red Hat:

, , , Slackware , \sets\images\ \sets\updates.

, Red Hat , :

4 RAM, Red Hat Slackware Linux. 150 , Red Hat, . CD-ROM . , .

: boot ramdisk. ramdisk , . , boot , .

5 , boot .
SCSI- Ethernet- CD-ROM
0000 IDE/ATAPI SCSI
0001 Mitsumi ( IDE/ATAPI), Sony CDU31A/CDU33A/CDU535
0002 Matsushita/Panasonic, Sound Blaster, Aztech/Orchid/Okano/Wearnes
0003 SMC IDE/ATAPI SCSI
0004 SMC Mitsumi ( IDE/ATAPI), Sony CDU31A/CDU33A/CDU535
0005 SMC Matsushita/Panasonic, Sound Blaster, Aztech/Orchid/Okano/Wearnes
0006 Western Digital IDE/ATAPI SCSI
0007 Western Digital Mitsumi ( IDE/ATAPI), Sony CDU31A/CDU33A/CDU535
0008 Western Digital Matsushita/Panasonic, Sound Blaster, Aztech/Orchid/Okano/Wearnes
0009 3c503, 3c509, 3c579 IDE/ATAPI SCSI
0010 3c503, 3c509, 3c579 Mitsumi ( IDE/ATAPI), Sony CDU31A/CDU33A/CDU535
0011 3c503, 3c509, 3c579 Matsushita/Panasonic, Sound Blaster, Aztech/Orchid/Okano/Wearnes
0012 AMD LANCE PCnet (AT1500 NE2100) IDE/ATAPI SCSI
0013 AMD LANCE PCnet (AT1500 NE2100) Mitsumi ( IDE/ATAPI), Sony CDU31A/CDU33A/CDU535
0014 AMD LANCE PCnet (AT1500 NE2100) Matsushita/Panasonic, Sound Blaster, Aztech/Orchid/Okano/Wearnes
0015 IDE/ATAPI SCSI
0016 Mitsumi ( IDE/ATAPI), Sony CDU31A/CDU33A/CDU535
0017 Matsushita/Panasonic, Sound Blaster, Aztech/Orchid/Okano/Wearnes
0018 Adaptec, Buslogic IDE/ATAPI SCSI
0019 Adaptec, Buslogic Mitsumi ( IDE/ATAPI), Sony CDU31A/CDU33A/CDU535
0020 Adaptec, Buslogic Matsushita/Panasonic, Sound Blaster, Aztech/Orchid/Okano/Wearnes
0021 Adaptec, Buslogic SMC IDE/ATAPI SCSI
0022 Adaptec, Buslogic SMC Mitsumi ( IDE/ATAPI), Sony CDU31A/CDU33A/CDU535
0023 Adaptec, Buslogic SMC Matsushita/Panasonic, Sound Blaster, Aztech/Orchid/Okano/Wearnes
0024 Adaptec, Buslogic Western Digital IDE/ATAPI SCSI
0025 Adaptec, Buslogic Western Digital Mitsumi ( IDE/ATAPI), Sony CDU31A/CDU33A/CDU535
0026 Adaptec, Buslogic Western Digital Matsushita/Panasonic, Sound Blaster, Aztech/Orchid/Okano/Wearnes
0027 Adaptec, Buslogic 3c503, 3c509, 3c579 IDE/ATAPI SCSI
0028 Adaptec, Buslogic 3c503, 3c509, 3c579 Mitsumi ( IDE/ATAPI), Sony CDU31A/CDU33A/CDU535
0029 Adaptec, Buslogic 3c503, 3c509, 3c579 Matsushita/Panasonic, Sound Blaster, Aztech/Orchid/Okano/Wearnes
0030 Adaptec, Buslogic AMD LANCE PCnet (AT1500 NE2100) IDE/ATAPI SCSI
0031 Adaptec, Buslogic AMD LANCE PCnet (AT1500 NE2100) Mitsumi ( IDE/ATAPI), Sony CDU31A/CDU33A/CDU535
0032 Adaptec, Buslogic AMD LANCE PCnet (AT1500 NE2100) Matsushita/Panasonic, Sound Blaster, Aztech/Orchid/Okano/Wearnes
0033 Adaptec, Buslogic IDE/ATAPI SCSI
0034 Adaptec, Buslogic Mitsumi ( IDE/ATAPI), Sony CDU31A/CDU33A/CDU535
0035 Adaptec, Buslogic Matsushita/Panasonic, Sound Blaster, Aztech/Orchid/Okano/Wearnes
0036 EATA-DMA, UltraStor, Future Domain, NCR5380, NCR53c7,8xx, IN2000 IDE/ATAPI SCSI
0037 EATA-DMA, UltraStor, Future Domain, NCR5380, NCR53c7,8xx, IN2000 Mitsumi ( IDE/ATAPI), Sony CDU31A/CDU33A/CDU535
0038 EATA-DMA, UltraStor, Future Domain, NCR5380, NCR53c7,8xx, IN2000 Matsushita/Panasonic, Sound Blaster, Aztech/Orchid/Okano/Wearnes
0039 EATA-DMA, UltraStor, Future Domain, NCR5380, NCR53c7,8xx, IN2000 SMC IDE/ATAPI SCSI
0040 EATA-DMA, UltraStor, Future Domain, NCR5380, NCR53c7,8xx, IN2000 SMC Mitsumi ( IDE/ATAPI), Sony CDU31A/CDU33A/CDU535
0041 EATA-DMA, UltraStor, Future Domain, NCR5380, NCR53c7,8xx, IN2000 SMC Matsushita/Panasonic, Sound Blaster, Aztech/Orchid/Okano/Wearnes
0042 EATA-DMA, UltraStor, Future Domain, NCR5380, NCR53c7,8xx, IN2000 Western Digital IDE/ATAPI SCSI
0043 EATA-DMA, UltraStor, Future Domain, NCR5380, NCR53c7,8xx, IN2000 Western Digital Mitsumi ( IDE/ATAPI), Sony CDU31A/CDU33A/CDU535
0044 EATA-DMA, UltraStor, Future Domain, NCR5380, NCR53c7,8xx, IN2000 Western Digital Matsushita/Panasonic, Sound Blaster, Aztech/Orchid/Okano/Wearnes
0045 EATA-DMA, UltraStor, Future Domain, NCR5380, NCR53c7,8xx, IN2000 3c503, 3c509, 3c579 IDE/ATAPI SCSI
0046 EATA-DMA, UltraStor, Future Domain, NCR5380, NCR53c7,8xx, IN2000 3c503, 3c509, 3c579 Mitsumi ( IDE/ATAPI), Sony CDU31A/CDU33A/CDU535
0047 EATA-DMA, UltraStor, Future Domain, NCR5380, NCR53c7,8xx, IN2000 3c503, 3c509, 3c579 Matsushita/Panasonic, Sound Blaster, Aztech/Orchid/Okano/Wearnes
0048 EATA-DMA, UltraStor, Future Domain, NCR5380, NCR53c7,8xx, IN2000 AMD LANCE PCnet (AT1500 NE2100) IDE/ATAPI SCSI
0049 EATA-DMA, UltraStor, Future Domain, NCR5380, NCR53c7,8xx, IN2000 AMD LANCE PCnet (AT1500 NE2100) Mitsumi ( IDE/ATAPI), Sony CDU31A/CDU33A/CDU535
0050 EATA-DMA, UltraStor, Future Domain, NCR5380, NCR53c7,8xx, IN2000 AMD LANCE PCnet (AT1500 NE2100) Matsushita/Panasonic, Sound Blaster, Aztech/Orchid/Okano/Wearnes
0051 EATA-DMA, UltraStor, Future Domain, NCR5380, NCR53c7,8xx, IN2000 IDE/ATAPI SCSI
0052 EATA-DMA, UltraStor, Future Domain, NCR5380, NCR53c7,8xx, IN2000 Mitsumi ( IDE/ATAPI), Sony CDU31A/CDU33A/CDU535
0053 EATA-DMA, UltraStor, Future Domain, NCR5380, NCR53c7,8xx, IN2000 Matsushita/Panasonic, Sound Blaster, Aztech/Orchid/Okano/Wearnes
0054 IDE/ATAPI SCSI
0055 Mitsumi ( IDE/ATAPI), Sony CDU31A/CDU33A/CDU535
0056 Matsushita/Panasonic, Sound Blaster, Aztech/Orchid/Okano/Wearnes
0057 SMC IDE/ATAPI SCSI
0058 SMC Mitsumi ( IDE/ATAPI), Sony CDU31A/CDU33A/CDU535
0059 SMC Matsushita/Panasonic, Sound Blaster, Aztech/Orchid/Okano/Wearnes
0060 Western Digital IDE/ATAPI SCSI
0061 Western Digital Mitsumi ( IDE/ATAPI), Sony CDU31A/CDU33A/CDU535
0062 Western Digital Matsushita/Panasonic, Sound Blaster, Aztech/Orchid/Okano/Wearnes
0063 3c503, 3c509, 3c579 IDE/ATAPI SCSI
0064 3c503, 3c509, 3c579 Mitsumi ( IDE/ATAPI), Sony CDU31A/CDU33A/CDU535
0065 3c503, 3c509, 3c579 Matsushita/Panasonic, Sound Blaster, Aztech/Orchid/Okano/Wearnes
0066 AMD LANCE PCnet (AT1500 NE2100) IDE/ATAPI SCSI
0067 AMD LANCE PCnet (AT1500 NE2100) Mitsumi ( IDE/ATAPI), Sony CDU31A/CDU33A/CDU535
0068 AMD LANCE PCnet (AT1500 NE2100) Matsushita/Panasonic, Sound Blaster, Aztech/Orchid/Okano/Wearnes
0069 IDE/ATAPI SCSI
0070 Mitsumi ( IDE/ATAPI), Sony CDU31A/CDU33A/CDU535
0071 Matsushita/Panasonic, Sound Blaster, Aztech/Orchid/Okano/Wearnes

, . boot , , .

, , 'images\2940' ( Adaptec 2940) 'updates\images' ( ).

, PCMCIA boot , . [ , PCMCIA SCSI, boot , "Adaptec"].

, , , boot , . :


  C> copy e:\redhat\images\1213\bootNNN.gz

NNNN boot

ramdisk CD-ROM: ramdisk1.gz ramdisk2.gz, .


  C> copy e:\redhat\images\ramdisk1.gz

  C> copy e:\redhat\images\ramdisk2.gz

, gzip:

bootNNNN.gz

ramdisk1.gz

ramdisk2.gz

, gunzip DOS, CD-ROM \DOSUTILS:


C> E:\dosutils\bootNNNN.gz

  C> E:\dosutils\ramdisk1.gz
  C> E:\dosutils\ramdisk2.gz

. rawrite. " ". rawrite , ( Norton Commander) , .

( boot ramdisk) , .

- . , , , , . '[ ]', ; , -, .

boot A: . LILO. , , . , CD-ROM SCSI-II Sound Blaster . , (). , <Enter>. , . , SCSI ,

"scsi: 0 hosts",

, SCSI. ( ):

"" - , "" .

, . , , . ...

, , ramdisk1 ramdisk2.

, CD-ROM RedHat - ( NFS). , -, , NFS.

:

NFS- CD-ROM. , CD-ROM .

: X-Window

Red Hat - X-Window. - X-Window 640*480*256. , MS Windows X , , 1024*768. UNIX .

. X-Window 8 8 ( 16 RAM). ...

:

, , , , - , -, setup Slackware.

Red Hat Linux

, Red Hat Linux 2.0 2.1, :


./upgrade

( Perl .) , , :


./upgrade-test

- . 'telinit 1'. 'telinit 3'.

: /etc/password , etc/password.orig.

Linuxware

X-Window

, , , , X-Windows.

Linux , X-Windows. ! - xcyr X-windows, . , , , .

, X-Windows, . .

, , X-Windows. , X XAP, , OI. - , ! , .

N1 - X-

:

8514a - IBM 8514a , , . -, . -, MCA ( , ), Linux.

Monochrome X server - VGA- . , ! - . .

SVGA server - , , SVGA- . , Trident 8900 ( ). Trident 9000 , "" . ! SVGA- 256 ( ).

VGA server - 16 . VGA-, 256 . , .

. , , .

Windows Accelerator. X-Windows ( MS Windows), .

, . . , ( ) ( VGA-).

N2 - .

, XWindows, , - , MS Windows. , . , , "-".

Xconfig, /usr/X11/lib/X11. , Trident 8900 Xconfig.Trident8900c.

:


mv Xconfig.Trident8900c Xconfig

( , Trident 8900) . , .

- . , , X-window , , , , .

, Xconfig. :


RGBPath         "/usr/X386/lib/X11/rgb"

FontPath        "/usr/lib/X11/fonts/75dpi/,/usr/lib/X11/fonts/Speedo/"
Keyboard
AutoRepeat 500 5
ServerNumLock
LeftAlt  Meta
RightAlt Compose
ScrollLock ModeLock
Microsoft "/dev/mouse"
BaudRate 1200
vga256
Virtual 1024 1024
  ViewPort      0 0
  Modes         "800x600" "640x480" "1024x768i"
Chipset "tvga8900c"
Displaysize     800 600
Clocks 25.30 28.32 45.00 36.00 57.30 65.10 50.40 39.90
ModeDB
# name      clock  horizontal timing     vertical timing      flags
"640x480"   25     640  672  768  800    480  490  492  525
"800x600"   36     800  840  912  1024   600  600  602  625
"1024x768i" 45     1024 1048 1224 1264   768  768  776  816   Interlace

. , , . , . , ! , , , setup, Xconfig , , - , , Microsoft.

, PS/2, , Acer, Linux. . "" :


man Xconfig

. , , . vga256. .

Virtual 1024 1024

. Word for Windows - , . , . Trident 8900 1024*1024. , , , S3 2 .

ViewPort 0 0

. .

Modes

, X-. , , ? . :

DisplaySize 800 600

, X- ( ) 800 600.

Chipset

, . man, , , .

. , , . . , , " " . "" Xconfig Clocks ( ) :


X -probeonly

, Xconfig. , . , . 90 MHz. . .

, "" .

? , , , - ? ?

, . . -, , - . , , , . , , . , Sun DEC ? , 70 , 30 !

, , "" . , .

? ! :

) ;

) .

X-windows . .

, . . /usr/X11/lib/X11/etc. - modeDB.txt. :


cat modeDB.txt | less

( . cat - , less , , README).

, Linux , :


# Monitor:              Seiko CM 1440

# Contributor:          Jeff Jennings [jennings@stortek.com]
# Last Edit Date:       12/9/91
#
# name         clock  horizontal timing     vertical timing      flags
 "1024x768i"    45    1024 1064 1224 1264    768  777  785  817  Interlace
 "1152x900i"    45    1152 1184 1288 1360    900  898  929  939  Interlace

, Xconfig . - !

, . 4, , . , , . . , Multisync, . "", . ( /usr/X11/lib/X11/etc/README.Config. , Videomodes.doc, . , /usr/doc/faq/howto. :


zcat <  > | less

( zcat

).

4.

? VESA?
640x48060Hz 31.5k25.175M
640x48060Hz 31.5k25.175M
640x48063Hz 32.8k28.322M
640x48070Hz 36.5k31.5M
640x48072Hz 37.9k31.5M
800x60056Hz 35.1k36.0M
800x60056Hz 35.4k36.0M
800x60060Hz 37.9k40.0M
800x60060Hz 37.9k40.0M
800x60072Hz 48.0k50.0M
1024x768i43.5Hz 35.5k44.9M
1024x76860Hz 48.4k65.0M
1024x76860Hz 48.4k62.0M
1024x76870Hz 56.5k75.0M
1024x76870Hz 56.25k72.0M
1024x76876Hz 62.5k85.0M
1280x1024i44Hz 51kHz80.0M
1280x1024i44Hz 47.6k75.0M
1280x102459Hz 63.6k110.0M
1280x102461Hz 64.24k110.0M
1280x102474Hz 78.85k135.0M

N3 - X-windows.

, . Xwindow openwin startx. . . . , , , . , , MS Windows Close, Restore, Kill .

X-window, , MS Windows. , !

N4 - .

, X-Windows - . xcyr. , .

. - Linux . , Linux - - Setup (Remap your keyboard), ( -):


loadkeys /usr/lib/kbd/keytables/russian.map

mapscrn koi2alt
setfont Cyr_a8x16
printf "\033(K"
echo       <Alt>

, 1.2.13 Slackware cyr1, - , , X-Window, Postscript -, .

, , . , , .

, , Linux Documentation Project - System Administration Guide. , Linux , Internet .

UNIX- Linux , . 1 , . - -1840 -2!

BIOS , , . , , . , BIOS ( ). - (Master Boot Record - MBR).

( 512 ), . , -.

. 512 , . , Linux , .

. . MBR (partition table), , , , , . ( - !), . : .

. , , (, ). - LILO (Linux Loader), , , .

LILO, , ( Linux), .

, . LILO Linux, , , , " ".

, LILO , bootlin bootactv .

, , . , :

, . , , , :


Uncompressing Linux.....

, SVGA-. , , , 100 40 . ? , 80*25. , 80- , , 132-"" ! , , , .

Linux , ( , , ) . , . /bin/dmesg . , , .

, , :


Console: colour EGA+ 80x25, 8 virtual consoles

Serial driver version 3.99a with no serial options enabled
tty00 at 0x03f8 (irq = 4) is a 16450
tty01 at 0x02f8 (irq = 3) is a 16450
tty02 at 0x03e8 (irq = 4) is a 16550A
lp_init: lp1 exists, using polling driver
snd2 <SoundBlaster Pro 4.5> at 0x220 irq 10 drq 1
snd6 <SoundBlaster 16 4.5> at 0x220 irq 10 drq 5
snd7 <SoundBlaster MPU-401> at 0x330 irq 10 drq 0
snd1 <Yamaha OPL-3 FM> at 0x388 irq 0 drq 0
Sony I/F CDROM : SONY     CD-ROM CDU33A    Rev 1.0d with tray load mechanism
using 16384 byte buffer, capable of audio playback
Calibrating delay loop.. ok - 7.98 BogoMips
Memory: 6992k/8192k available (532k kernel code, 384k reserved, 284k data)
Floppy drive(s): fd0 is unknown type 0, fd1 is 1.44M
Swansea University Computer Society Net2Debugged [1.30]
IP Protocols: ICMP, UDP, TCP
PPP: version 0.1.2 (4 channels)
TCP compression code copyright 1989 Regents of the University of California
PPP line discipline registered.
SLIP: version 0.7.5 (4 channels)
CSLIP: code copyright 1989 Regents of the University of California
Linux version 1.0.8 (root@mntr) #3 Sun Nov 13 21:19:51 boot ibcs init 1994
Partition check:
hda: hda1 hda2
hdb: hdb1 < hdb5 > hdb2 hdb3 hdb4
VFS: Mounted root (ext2 filesystem) readonly.

! Linux . , Sound Blaster IRQ7, - IRQ10 ! . , Zyxel 9600.

, , , Linux . ! , , . , , !

. root filesystem ( ). rdev).

, , . , , Linux ( - panic mode) " ".

/etc/init (PID=1), /etc/inittab, , - /etc/rc. ( ), , . , - /etc/rc.

, , . /etc/inittab:


#   ( 5).

id:5:initdefault:
#    
si:S:sysinit:/etc/rc.d/rc.S
#   
su:S:wait:/etc/rc.d/rc.K
#   
rc:123456:wait:/etc/rc.d/rc.M
#      
ca::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t3 -rf now
#      (  
#  )
pf::powerfail:/sbin/shutdown -f +5 "THE POWER IS FAILING"
#   ,   
pg:0123456:powerokwait:/sbin/shutdown -c "THE POWER IS BACK"
#       -
#    (   5)
ps:S:powerokwait:/sbin/init 5

/etc/inittab , man, :

rc.S ( ). - rc.K. , , , , (rc.M).


# /etc/rc/rc.S

#
#  ,    
#       rc.local
PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin
#  
#/sbin/swapon -a  #    
swapon /dev/hdb2  #   
# ,       read-only
READWRITE=no
if echo -n >> "Testing filesystem status"; then
rm -f "Testing filesystem status"
READWRITE=yes
fi
#     
if [ ! $READWRITE = yes ]; then
/sbin/fsck -A -a
#       
#   -,    
# 
if [ $? -gt 0 ] ; then
echo
echo
echo "**************************************"
echo "fsck returned error code - REBOOT NOW!"
echo "**************************************"
echo
echo
/bin/login
fi
#      read-write
echo "Remounting root device with read-write enabled."
/sbin/mount -w -n -o remount /
else
#
#        read-write, 
#     .  
#    
#
cat << EOF
*** Root partition has already been mounted read-write. Cannot check!
For filesystem checking to work properly, your system must initially mount
the root partition as read only. Please modify your kernel with 'rdev' so that
it does this. If you're booting with LILO, type:
rdev -R /vmlinuz 1
(^^^^^^^^  ... or whatever your kernel name is.)
If you boot from a kernel on a floppy disk, put it in the drive and type:
rdev -R /dev/fd0 1
This will fix the problem *AND* eliminate this annoying message. :^)
EOF
sleep 10
fi

#   ,    
/bin/rm -f /etc/mtab* /etc/nologin /etc/utmp
#    .
cat /dev/null >> /etc/utmp
#   ,   /etc/fstab
#   NFS,  TCP/IP   
/sbin/mount -avt nonfs
#   
if [ -x /sbin/clock ]; then
/sbin/clock -s
fi
#    /etc/issue  /etc/motd
#    ,     
#  (/etc/issue)    " " (/etc/motd)
#
#         
#  . ,     
# ,    .
echo > /etc/issue echo Welcome to Linux `/bin/uname -a |
/bin/cut -d\  -f3`. >> /etc/issue echo >> /etc/issue
echo "`/bin/uname -a | /bin/cut -d\  -f1,3`. (Posix)." > /etc/motd
#   
#  ,     
#      .   ,
#        ,  
#      . 
#        
#    .
#/bin/sh /etc/rc.d/rc.serial
#    
named
#   rc.S

#! /bin/sh

#
#       
#       
echo "Going multiuser..."
#   update   
/sbin/update &
#      ( )
/bin/setterm -blank 15
#   
if [ -x /etc/rc.d/rc.inet1 ];
then
        /bin/hostname vvv           #  
        /bin/domainname rinet.ru    #  
/bin/sh /etc/rc.d/rc.inet1  #   
/bin/sh /etc/rc.d/rc.inet2
else
/sbin/hostname_notcp vvv    #  TCP/IP  
/bin/domainname rinet.ru
echo
echo "Since you don't have TCP/IP installed, syslogd will complain when it first"
echo "starts. The warning can be ignored."
echo
/usr/sbin/syslogd
/usr/sbin/klogd
/usr/sbin/lpd
/usr/sbin/crond
fi
#    
/bin/rm -f /usr/spool/locks/* /usr/spool/uucp/LCK..* /tmp/.X*lock 1> /dev/null 2> /dev/null
#    
if [ -r /tmp/hunt -o -r /tmp/hunt.stats ]; then
echo "Removing your stale hunt sockets from /tmp..."
/bin/rm -f /tmp/hunt*
fi
#     
/sbin/ldconfig
#  ,    
/etc/rc.d/rc.local
#   rc.M

, inittab , Linux- host-. .

, - (, ) - ! - - rc.local. , - , rc.local - .

, UNIX- . , .

, - . , UNIX- , . . .

, Linux -, , , (, , , ). , - - !

! Linux - , , , , . , (, MetalBase 5.0) - !

. Linux /bin/shutdown. , ?

, " "-Ctrl-Alt-Del. , .

, ( , ) , , root ( root, /root ),


shutdown -q now

, now ( ) . , ( Release 2 Release 3) shutdown , , , UNIX- , . - Release 4 , .

, shutdown , . , , . , , shutdown : " 8 ".

shutdown? /etc/shutdown.rc. , - ( root) " " "" ( !). , , . Reset .

, reboot, shutdown, , .

, , . , , (panic mode) . , , Reset. , , fsck ( ) . ( SAG ), update , , .

, sync, , . , , -, shutdown. , , clean filesystem ext2fs ( [1]) , fsck .

"" .

. sync- , , . , / .

. , , , .

( demon daemon- !) , . DOOM, "Disk And Execution MONitor". , , , , - . , ( , ). - , LPR LPD. LPR , .

, - , . , . ( , ), , . , .

, UNIX- . /etc/update - ( sync) .

, ps -ax ( , , ). syslogd crond. , , , , ...... , - .

, man . , . , - , - . , , . - , man man - man.

, , . UNIX- , , FTP- BBS, ( ).

LILO - Linux Loader

LOADLIN

, ( , , ). " ", " ..." . .

. (), . getty:

uugetty - ( );

uugetty_ps - , , - ( ) --;

mgetty - , .

login:

LOG IN ( - " "). , , , . , /etc/passwd .

getty /etc/nologin ( , ) ! shutdown . - . . , . !

UNIX

, " " . , , MS-DOS CP/M, UNIX. " " , , , . Microsoft - MS-DOS . . ( Linux) ls. , -l, :


 	rw-rw-rw-     1       vovka      root       4067    Nov 5 13:12  caterpillar.tar.z

? , , . (1) , . (vovka), , , (root). - , . , DOS , UNIX - ( . , , . , , .tar- , .z gzip. gunzip, tar. .tgz- tar -..).

, . ( , , /). , : , . (r) , - (w) (x). , , -. .

( , , root) . , , " ".

, ( - , UNIX) . , -, (shell). -? x . , UNIX-, ...

. ( JOE, ) , . :


ksh myscript

, . , (, !). chmod. :


chmod {a,u,g,o} {+|-} {r,w,x} < >

(a-, u- , g-, , o- ). , , .

, -, , , . , , , . , :


chmod u+rwx prettysript

chmod g+rx prettyscript
chmod o+x prettyscript

---! -- , -- ? !

, . chmod , UNIX-, . , UNIX Digital, Intel , ( , , , 0 7). , . chmod .

, :


chmod 751 prettyscript

? ,

, " ". :

u7 g5 o1

1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1

r w x r w x r w x

, :

. , , " 640", , chmod 640 < >.

?

- , "". , - . - , . , ?

- . . (root), , , , BBS RoCat (Roman Catacombs- LinuxWare 1.0). . , ( - , mv -- DOS- , ln, ), BBS BBS.

, ! ? ? - ?

, . chown, , . chgrp. UNIX .

- . - , . - "others".

. , - , . . (account), -, , .

, , UNIX- , , , .

, . . (, ). , "" .

, , ( ), . , , .

/etc/group, . .

UNIX . -, , , ( -- /etc/passwd).

ASCII-, vi Emacs. UNIX, passwd , . :


vovka:Xv75fs1Z521:102:0:Vladimir Vodolazkiy:/home/vovka:/bin/tcsh

-vovka, . , . , /etc/passwd , , . , -, . . , /etc/passwd. - . , , , .

, Linux-.

?

. -, /etc/passwd. adduser, /etc/passwd. . -, , , , " " ( , !). , - . , , , . , /bin/sh- - !

?

groupadd. , . adduser GID (group ID). , adduser , .

?

? ( - ) ! , , !

, ?

. *. (, , , , ).

" " , ?

adduser, , : vovka::102... , (root) !

" " " "?

, . , , , "" , - . , , , .

" ", , , . , " !"

1. .

, . , , , , .

, , , , , ( ) .

, :

, . , , MYxND34MN. .

, . ( , , , ). , - . passwd ( ).

2.

, , - ( , , , ).

, .

. . . , , - . , , ( ) a priori. , , - . , .

. , , , ( , !). , , , -, , , .

, . , , , . .

3.

. 700, 711 755. ! , . .

- 644 600. 666, .

4.

, , - -. CONFIG.SYS AUTOEXEC.BAT DOS, , . , 600. :

.login, .logout, .cshrc, .bashrc, .kshrc, .xinitrc, .exrc, .dbxinit,

.profile, .sunview, .mwmrc, .twmrc.

, , , . , -!

5.

. , , , . , . , - chmod cp, .

6.

, , . , . , . , "" 777. ! , . .

, , UNIX. , DOS UNIX. , , . , , - man ( ), info ( ), FAQ, UNIX.

- CRACK

" "

npasswd -

- . , " ". , , - MS Word. , , Linux , Windows.

, Linux . , , /, . " " IBM PC , Linux /dev/lp0 - /dev/lp3.

- . , . , -, UNIX , mknod, -, - 6 0 3 .

mknod , Linux ( /):

mknod /dev/lp0 c 6 0 (0x3BC)

mknod /dev/lp1 c 6 1 (0x378)

mknod /dev/lp2 c 6 2 (0x278)

mknod /dev/lp3 c 6 3 (0x......)

! , IBM PC 0x378, /dev/lp0, /dev/lp1. "" DOS "" UNIX, . ?

. -, DOS sysinfo MSD, -, " " , :


ls -l > /dev/lp0

lp0 :

? /dev/lp0 unknown device

. , "" :


This is 1 line

This is 2 line
This is 3 line

, DOS - <CR> (0x13) <LF> (0x10). UNIX - <LF>.

- <CR> <LF> - . , , Linux. DOS, -, . , , , , UNIX.

Linux

. ,

- tunelp

lpd

lpq

lprm

lpc

lpr - cnfylf

/etc/printcap -

""

apsfilter -

Postsript

FDD-

, . , SCSI . -, , UNIX-. SCSI , Linux. - FDD-, DOS Windows. , , - 120-250 , - 150$, 250 15$.

, Linux-

FTAPE

tar

mt

UPS

-

DOS

Windows

SCO UNIX

BBS

Linux , BBS, . BBS Roman CATacombs - ROCAT, CD-ROM TAE Linuxware 1.0 Internet : ......................... .

-

Ethernet - ?

TCP/IP

- Windows-Linux

Internet

CD-ROM Linux

. , . , " " . - - , , .

, Trans-Ameritech Enterprises. .

Trans-Ameritech Enterprises

Volume 1

Linux 1993 . , , .

:

ARCHIVE_ DOS_WIN_ - BBS. . , , TIFF- , DOS Windows, LHARC ARJ, , shareware- .

BSD386 - BSD386, Linux. , , , , , . , . BSD386 Linux.

KERNELS - - CD-ROM CDU31A , Creative (Panasonnic).

LINUX - . : PACKAGES, "" SLS- SOURCES, UNIX. , , , .

LIVE102 - " ". , CD-ROM , CD-ROM.

LIVE_99P - ,

PICTURES - BMP GIF .

SLACKWAR SLS103 - Linux. , . , .

SOUNDS - , WAV ROL .

, , , - . , KERNELS ( , , ). Linux , . DOS Windows . , , TIFF:


Directory MSDOS/TIFF/

Filename   Type Length   Date   Description
==============================================
DTIFF.ZIP     B  194039  900502  Displays TIFF files on screen, uses TACS
DVTIF1.ZIP    B   15198  900416  TIFF reader:PACKBITS compr/uncomp C src, ALDUS
TACS40.ZIP    B  116888  900425  TIFF Access/Create System - C source, TIFF 4.0
TFTOOL.ZIP    B   62503  900416  TIFF toolkit developer package C source, ALDUS
TIFF_50.ZIP   B   51127  891209  Tagged Image File Format specs, v5.0
TIFFAX.ZIP    B   41572  900416  TIFF FAX format definition/example, ALDUS

, DOS? Linux. , - Linux Volume 2.

Volume 2

1994 , Linux.

FreeBSD, BSD_USR_ ("" ), FREEBSD_ ( ) UPDATE_B, "" .

Linux. , TAE , BOOT. , Linux, , ISO9600 (CD-ROM). -, , . Install. rawrite.exe ( -h).

SLACKWA0 SLACKWA1. , . Linux - . ( ) , - ( ), . () , .

, SLACKWA1. , , "" - , , . EXTRA:

BASH_BIN - ;

DOSEMU - MS-DOS ( MS-DOS PC, . , . Simcity , F-19 !)

GAMES - , UNIX-: MultiUser Dungeons (MUD). , . . Internet-!

GRAPHICS - - TIFF, TGA, JPEG MPEG.

MATH - Gnuplot 3.5, ( ) SVGA-. BoeingGraph Harvard Graphics. , Unix.

POSTGRES - , Ingress. , Progress! Postgress , shell-, . . , , . Internet Postgress X-window TCL/TK.

SERIAL - . getty - , , . - mgetty, Linux- , , ( Postscript). , ! , mgetty 2 US Robotics 14400 Sportster Worldport . USR 28800 !

SECURITY - UNIX-. , , . /etc/passwd .

SOUND - , . , . , - , . , MIDI, WAV, MOD AU ( Sun) , , "" . -.

TERMINAL - , ( ) . , /etc/termcap .

X11 - X-Window. : ANDREW - , EMAX, ; FTPTOOL - FTP X-Window; XFRACT - , , !

, , XGopher - Gopher- Internet. " " . bmail for DOS, UNIX-. .

, " " LIVE. . ( JE_0_9). . , READ. .

, SRC. , . X-Window (Release 5), X-, X-. X.

Supplement

- Release 3 , Release 4. , . ! Release 3 1994 Supplement, .

ARCHIVES - , - Andrew 6.1 . , , 19 . , - MS Windows 3.1 X-Window.

BOOT - , , .

DEBIAN - , Linux , . Debian - , .

DOCS - . 25 , . , , Linux PCI .

EXTRA - . :

BOGO-1.2 - . "" BogoMIPS, .

EBBS - BBS Linux. Zmodem ( ) IRC (Internet Relay Chat).

EFAX - . XWindows. Delrina WinFax Pro.

IMAGEMAG - ImageMagic, . , PC, Macintosh Sun.

IMAZE - XWindows . Wolfenstein, . , , . ,

LINUXDOC.1 - , ( - Linux Documentation Project - LDP). , , , , groff tex. HTML SGML.

PLAN - X-Window. , Lotus Organizer, !

RIP - . BBS, . - "", , , 8 .

WINE9606 - MS Windows, 1994 . , , 30% API. !

, Wine, , , .

XDOS0.4A - , DOS, X-Window. ( !) XMS-.

JE - Linux. , , . ?

LEMACS-1.10 - Lucid GNU Enacs. EMACS. Multi-Edit, EMACS -. , , , , . , EMACS .

MIT - , SCO UNIX. , .

MOTIF - , Motif, X-Window. , , . , . , - !

RR_MOVED - . X- , . , . (386 DX-40, 8 ), , , . , make, . - nice. , .

SECURITY - R* (rlogin, rshell ..), Linux .

SLS, SLACKWAR 111, SLACKWAR 122 - .

USR, LIB - "" .

WORDS - "". , . , UNIX , Linux.

XC - X-Window Release 6. , UNIX- Release 4, X- Release 5. , TAE !

Interim Release

Trans-Ameritech Enterprises Interim Release 1994 . , Release 4. , , .

. ! -, Flagship. ( ). Flagship , , Clipper Linux! , , .

MOTIF. , . . , , , MOTIF .

SQL - - SQL- - Just Logic SQL. DOS/Windows, OS/2 Linux. , , "" .

, Slackware 2.0, , "" . "", , . , . "" , Linux- (gateway) Internet.

Release 4

, 1994 Release 4. , " ", , Linux FreeBSD. , , InterView - , X-window.

, "". -

EXTRAS :

CALC2.9 - . Sharp Citizen, Basic. .

IRSIM - p- nMop .

JAZZ-1.0 - DOS Windows . MIDI-, , , . , .

SAMBA - , inetd, . SMB (Session Message Block), SMB- , DOS-UNIX . Linux Windows-, . , . Linux , Postscript-, , Postscript - . , Postscript . - Linux - !

FIPS.DOC, FIPS.EXE - \extras DOS, , . Partitition table ! , , .

"" . , . , \SLACKWAR\CONTRIB, :

ANDREW-D - Andrew , D , , Development. AUIS - Andrew User Interface System, , ( Andrew /);

GCC-2.6 - : , ++ Objective C;

GNAT-1.82 - . , , . , , -, , -, , . , . !

LINUX-X- - , ... DOOM I for X-Window. , ? DOOM II, , . - . 80386-DX40, 8 X- .

SLACKWAR.000. : .\CONTRIB \EXTRA-ST. .

  • FREE-WID - X-Window;
  • GNU-COMM - Gnu Common LISP;
  • GNU-GCC- 6 - GNU C 2.6;
  • GNU-GNAT - . , -79 -82;

    GNU-GPC - Gnu Pascal Compiler;

    IRCII - Internet Relay Chat. , , , ;

    MBASE - MetalBase 5.0 5.1. , (ncurses), . DOS, Sun, Next, Amiga 500.

    MC - MouseLess Commander. ! , Norton Commander.

    SAMBA - SMB.

    SEEJPEG - JPEG, GIF, PPM TARGA. -.

    SMAIL - SendMail 3.1.

    "" \EXTRA-ST :

    APPLE-II - Apple-II. - "" ;

    BSD-SEND - SendMail, BSD;

    CPM-80-E - Z80 CP/M. BDOS.

    DOS-EMUL - MS-DOS;

    GNU - , GNU;

    GNU-FING 37 - finger 1.37, Internet;

    IBCS2-EM - IBCS2, Linux , SCO Unix SVR4. .

    MMDF - Mail Delivery Agent,

    .

    Linuxware 1.0

    TAE Linux, . "volume" "release" LinuxWare 1.0, 1995 .

    , MS Windows. , -, . -, TAE DVI-, Windows. Linux, !

    , . \extras:

    1BBS - BBS,

    ( -);

    AUDIO - "" Linux ( Internet ) - , . , ;

  • CRACK - .
  • DOOM - : X-Window " ";
  • DOUBLE - Stacker DoubleSpace;
  • GOPHER - Internet (, Internet?);

    IBCS2 - ,

    Wyse;

    LSMTOOL - , LSM- ( Linux-);

    MODULES - (" ");

    NV - . ;

    PCMCIA - Linux "" notebook. PCMCIA;

    PPIC - ;

    ROCAT - BBS, , . , , . .

    SVGAFFT - , . Sound Blaster, - VGA/SVGA-. .

    SVGALIB - X-Window. , DOOM .

    PV-Wave - .

    TCPDUMP - .

    Wine - MS Windows.

    X311 - XFree86 ( , ).

    XGROK - X-window.

    LinuxWare 2.0

    LinuxWare 2.5

    - Caldera

    Caldera Linux. 1.2.13 Caldera Desktop 1.0, . Caldera - Kronverk Ltd. (0812) e-mail: bravo@ ...... . , .

    Caldera Desktop 1.0

    - 99 USD.

    Linux Office

    -

    - SAMS Publishing

    CD-ROM, Linux . , - !

    Linux 1.2.8, , .

    CD-ROM Linux Unleashed

    CD-ROM Building Linux Internet Server

    -

    , Linux . - . " UNIX" CD-ROM , - - , . Linux , , . .

    " "

    Linux CD-ROM - 1996 . "" ( 198903, , / 77, e-mail: info@usoft.spb.su) - . Linux-, " " - "", , , . - Linux', . .

    Linux 1.2.13, - RedHat 2.1 Slackware 3.0. , .

    " ":

    Apps Various Applications for Linux

    DOS-TeX TeX for DOS

    Hurd GNU Hurd Operating System

    Mach Mach Microkernel

    PS PostScript Code

    RedHat RedHat Linux Distrbution

    Russian Russian Fonts, Texts, etc.

    TeX TeX documention

    WWW Mirror of various WWW sites

    dists Directory for BSD installation

    dosutils Various DOS programs for RedHat and Slackware Installation

    floppies Directory for BSD installation

    freebsd.doc BSD Documentation

    linux.doc Generic Linux documentation

    redhat.doc RedHat Linux documentation

    slakinst For Slackware installation

    slack.doc Slackware documentation

    slakware Slackware distribution

    source Linux sources (from Slackware distribution)



    Last-modified: Thu, 27 Nov 1997 11:09:06 GMT
    :