4
00210-01 33 01-4
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00210-01 33 01-4
6
00210-01 33 01-4
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7
00210-01 33 01-4
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8
00210-01 33 01-4
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9
00210-01 33 01-4
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10
00210-01 33 01-4
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11
00210-01 33 01-4
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12
00210-01 33 01-4
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13
00210-01 33 01-4
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14
00210-01 33 01-4
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15
00210-01 33 01-4
:
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16
00210-01 33 01-4
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17
00210-01 33 01-4
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18
00210-01 33 01-4
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19
00210-01 33 01-4
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20
00210-01 33 01-4
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21
00210-01 33 01-4
length > 72
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22
00210-01 33 01-4
1 : unknown type (?) in penter
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5 : unknown type (?) in first
6 : can't open (?)
7 : record `(?)' too long
8 : record `(?)' has too many fields
9 : record `(?)' has too many fields
10 : built giant record `(?)...'
11 : trying to access field (?)
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13 : out of space in ALLOC
14 : illegal statement (?)
15 : unexpected break, continue or next
16 : unexpected break, continue or next
17 : unknown boolean operator (?)
18 : unknown relational operator (?)
19 : out of temporaries in gettemp
20 : format item (?)... too long
21 : not enough arguments in printf((?))
22 : illegal arithmetic operator (?)
23 : division by zero
24 : division by zero
25 : division by zero
26 : division by zero
27 : illegal assignment operator (?)
28 : (?) is not an array
23
00210-01 33 01-4
29 : illegal jump type (?)
30 : illegal function type (?)
31 : string (?) too long to print
32 : too many output files (?)
33 : can't open file (?)
34 : out of space in makesymtab
35 : symbol table overflow at (?)
36 : can't set $0
37 : can't set $0
38 : illegal reference to array (?)
39 : funny variable (?): (?) (?) (?) (?)
40 : out of space in tostring on (?)
:
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24
00210-01 33 01-4
:
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25
00210-01 33 01-4
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26
00210-01 33 01-4
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27
00210-01 33 01-4
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28
00210-01 33 01-4
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29
00210-01 33 01-4
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30
00210-01 33 01-4
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31
00210-01 33 01-4
expr()
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;
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:
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32
00210-01 33 01-4
:
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:
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/usr/src/cmd/cat.c, -
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:
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33
00210-01 33 01-4
:
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:
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34
00210-01 33 01-4
: B
: B[V]
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{OP; ... ;OP}
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for(V;V;V) OP
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35
00210-01 33 01-4
:
define B(B, ... ,B){
auto B, ... ,B
OP; ... OP
return(B)
}
:
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36
00210-01 33 01-4
-
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, :
scale = 20
define e(x){
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a = 1
b = 1
s = 1
for(i=1; i==1; i++){
a = a*x
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c = a/b
if(c == 0) return(s)
s = s+c
}
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-
,
for(i=1; i <= 10; i++) e(i)
.
bc
37
00210-01 33 01-4
dc, , -
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.
:
/usr/lib/lib.b
:
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bc.
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38
00210-01 33 01-4
:
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39
00210-01 33 01-4
:
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.
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/usr/lib/calendar
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: egrep, sed, mail
:
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40
00210-01 33 01-4
:
"" calendar -
, .
41
00210-01 33 01-4
:
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:
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:
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42
00210-01 33 01-4
:
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:
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:
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43
00210-01 33 01-4
:
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:
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.
, ".s",
,
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;
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44
00210-01 33 01-4
-
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,
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' .
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"cdeb";
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".s";
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. -
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/# line/";
-a "cpp".
, -
;
45
00210-01 33 01-4
-P , ".c" -
"cpp",
".i",
"#line ...";
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. -C
,
"xstr" "lint";
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"". ,
"a.out" .
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"" ,
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;
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;
46
00210-01 33 01-4
-B
-
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;
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.o '
a.out
/tmp/ctm?
47
00210-01 33 01-4
/lib/cpp
/lib/c0 0
/lib/c1 1
/lib/fc1 1 "-f"
/usr/c/oc[01]
/usr/c/ocpp
/lib/c2
/lib/crt0.o
/lib/mcrt0.o
/lib/lib[a].a
/usr/include
"#include".
/lib/fcrt0.0 "-f"
:
cdeb, prof, adb, ld
.
:
, -
, .
.
48
00210-01 33 01-4
:
ccat - .
:
ccat [ ...]
:
ccat , "" -
compact. .
:
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..
:
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49
00210-01 33 01-4
:
cd -
:
cd dirname
:
cd "dirname" -
.
"dirname"
.
, cd ,
.
-
SHELL CSHELL.
:
csh, sh, pwd, chdir.
50
00210-01 33 01-4
:
chmod -
:
chmod ...
:
"",
.
, "" -
:
4000 -
;
2000 -
;
1000 ;
0400 ;
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;
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;
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51
00210-01 33 01-4
.
"" :
[] [ ] ...
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), "g" (), "o" ().
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(.
umask).
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:
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.
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52
00210-01 33 01-4
chmod +x
:
ls, chown, stat, umask.
:
,
.
. "s"
"u" "g".
( -)
.
53
00210-01 33 01-4
:
clear - .
:
clear
:
clear , -
(/etc/termcap).
:
/etc/termcap -
.
54
00210-01 33 01-4
:
cmp - .
:
cmp [-l] [-s] 1 2
:
. (
"1" "-", -
). cmp -
, , -
, -
, .
, .
-l ()
() ;
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.
:
diff, comm
:
, 0
, 1 2
.
55
00210-01 33 01-4
:
col - .
:
col [-bfx]
:
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. -
,
(ESC-7 -8) -
(ESC-8 ESC-9).
col
, ".rt" pif ,
tbl.
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, .
, ,
.
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col
, -
.
-b, col ,
. , -
,
56
00210-01 33 01-4
.
SI (017 -8) SO (016)
-
. ( -
), -
, . SI SO -
,
.
col -
, .
-x, .
,
(SP-040),
(BS-010), (HT-011),
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ESC-7, ESC-8, ESC-9, SI, SO. -
.
:
pif, tbl, greek
:
, 128 .
800 ,
.
57
00210-01 33 01-4
:
colcrt - pif.
:
colcrt [-] [-2] [ ...]
:
colcrt
,
-
.
( "-") -
.
"-" -
.
tbl.
-2 -
, . -
, -
.
-
. -2
,
, .
58
00210-01 33 01-4
colcrt :
tbl exum2.n | pif -ms | colcrt - | more
:
pif, col, more, ul.
:
102 .
-
. -
, "|" "-" -
"+".
132 .
, -
.
59
00210-01 33 01-4
:
colrm - .
:
colrm [ []]
:
colrm .
-
.
,
,
. ,
.
1.
:
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.
60
00210-01 33 01-4
:
comm - () .
:
comm [-[123]] 1 2
:
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-
-8,
: , "1", ,
"2" ,
. "-"
.
1, 2 3
. , "comm -12"
, . "Comm -23" -
, ,
, "comm -123" -
.
:
cmp, diff, uniq
61
00210-01 33 01-4
:
compact -
:
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:
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.
,
.
, -
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. , compact
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62
00210-01 33 01-4
, .
.
. :
38% ;
43% ;
36% ;
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.
:
13- ,
".C". ( ) .
:
compact .
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..
:
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( ).
:
uncompact, ccat
63
00210-01 33 01-4
:
convert - '
a.out
:
convert [-e] 1 2
:
convert '
"1" ' -
"2".
-e -
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ESD. ,
, .
:
a.out
:
1. "2" .
.
2. DSECT
DXD.
3. -
WXTRN.
4. ' SYM.
64
00210-01 33 01-4
5. .
65
00210-01 33 01-4
:
cp - .
:
cp [-i] 1 2
cp [-i] ...
:
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, -
.
-
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.
cp -
.
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,
. ,
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.
:
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66
00210-01 33 01-4
:
crypt - /.
:
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:
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. ""
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. crypt
(1):
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crypt 1 < | pr
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.
, crypt,
, ed
.
:
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;
67
00210-01 33 01-4
2)
;
3) ,
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-
.
. , -
, , ,
.
crypt,
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ps . -
crypt -
. ,
.
:
/dev/tty
:
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68
00210-01 33 01-4
:
csh - -
.
:
csh [-cefinstvVxX] [...]
:
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CSHELL, , SHELL,
, -
-
.
csh -
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. csh -
,
".login"
. -
,
"%". -
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.
:
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, ,
69
00210-01 33 01-4
.
, .
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70
00210-01 33 01-4
"nohup".
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:
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history.
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:
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71
00210-01 33 01-4
!-n n ;
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;
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":"
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0: 0 - , 1 - -
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0 ;
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72
00210-01 33 01-4
- , "*",
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73
00210-01 33 01-4
x , q,
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;
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.
.
:
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74
00210-01 33 01-4
:
$
${}
.
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20 ;
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;
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"$argv []";
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75
00210-01 33 01-4
:
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${?}
"1", "" , "0" -
.
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76
00210-01 33 01-4
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;
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.
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77
00210-01 33 01-4
"abe ace ade". -
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78
00210-01 33 01-4
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79
00210-01 33 01-4
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80
00210-01 33 01-4
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81
00210-01 33 01-4
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82
00210-01 33 01-4
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83
00210-01 33 01-4
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84
00210-01 33 01-4
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85
00210-01 33 01-4
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86
00210-01 33 01-4
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87
00210-01 33 01-4
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88
00210-01 33 01-4
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89
00210-01 33 01-4
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90
00210-01 33 01-4
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91
00210-01 33 01-4
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92
00210-01 33 01-4
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93
00210-01 33 01-4
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94
00210-01 33 01-4
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95
00210-01 33 01-4
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96
00210-01 33 01-4
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97
00210-01 33 01-4
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98
00210-01 33 01-4
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99
00210-01 33 01-4
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100
00210-01 33 01-4
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101
00210-01 33 01-4
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102
00210-01 33 01-4
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103
00210-01 33 01-4
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104
00210-01 33 01-4
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105
00210-01 33 01-4
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106
00210-01 33 01-4
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107
00210-01 33 01-4
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108
00210-01 33 01-4
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109
00210-01 33 01-4
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110
00210-01 33 01-4
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111
00210-01 33 01-4
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112
00210-01 33 01-4
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113
00210-01 33 01-4
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114
00210-01 33 01-4
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115
00210-01 33 01-4
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116
00210-01 33 01-4
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117
00210-01 33 01-4
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modes vmread;
userid
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118
00210-01 33 01-4
//*route punch mode.dem
//senddem exec pgm=demsend,parm='/s;petr1;blah'
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119
00210-01 33 01-4
:
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120
00210-01 33 01-4
deroff pif,
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121
00210-01 33 01-4
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122
00210-01 33 01-4
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123
00210-01 33 01-4
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124
00210-01 33 01-4
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125
00210-01 33 01-4
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126
00210-01 33 01-4
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127
00210-01 33 01-4
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128
00210-01 33 01-4
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129
00210-01 33 01-4
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130
00210-01 33 01-4
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131
00210-01 33 01-4
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132
00210-01 33 01-4
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133
00210-01 33 01-4
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134
00210-01 33 01-4
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135
00210-01 33 01-4
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00210-01 33 01-4
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137
00210-01 33 01-4
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00210-01 33 01-4
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00210-01 33 01-4
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00210-01 33 01-4
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00210-01 33 01-4
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00210-01 33 01-4
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00210-01 33 01-4
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144
00210-01 33 01-4
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00210-01 33 01-4
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146
00210-01 33 01-4
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147
00210-01 33 01-4
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148
00210-01 33 01-4
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.
-
.
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149
00210-01 33 01-4
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150
00210-01 33 01-4
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151
00210-01 33 01-4
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152
00210-01 33 01-4
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153
00210-01 33 01-4
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154
00210-01 33 01-4
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155
00210-01 33 01-4
). "-Is"
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, "-f" -
"1" "f".
156
00210-01 33 01-4
-F
RATFOR EFL, -
".f", ;
-m ".r" ".e"
4 -
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,
' , f77,
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,
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.
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157
00210-01 33 01-4
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158
00210-01 33 01-4
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( "implicit");
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159
00210-01 33 01-4
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160
00210-01 33 01-4
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161
00210-01 33 01-4
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/usr/f77lib/f77pass0 - 0;
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162
00210-01 33 01-4
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163
00210-01 33 01-4
. -
. ,
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;
2) implicit:
implicit integer /i-n/, implicit integer
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3) doublecomplex, logcal*1, integer*2,
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4) "&" ,
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5) "c" ,
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164
00210-01 33 01-4
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12) data -
;
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0 19. N
fortNN. (, 9
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165
00210-01 33 01-4
:
ld, ierror, getarg, setfil
:
, -.
, .
:
1 log;
2
amod;
3
atan2;
4 cabs;
5 cexp;
6
cmplx;
7
dim;
8 exp ;
9
idim;
10
166
00210-01 33 01-4
isign;
11
mod;
12
sign;
13 sqrt;
14 goto;
15 subscript out of range;
16 real**real;
17 ( real)**real;
100 /;
101 /-
;
102 ;
103 ;
104 ;
105 format;
106 format `('
;
107 / -
167
00210-01 33 01-4
;
108 ;
109 ;
110 ;
111 format h-;
112 setfil;
120 ierror ;
999 .
:
:
-;
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;
backspace.
168
00210-01 33 01-4
:
file - .
:
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:
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169
00210-01 33 01-4
:
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170
00210-01 33 01-4
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b, c, d
f - ; -
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;
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171
00210-01 33 01-4
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172
00210-01 33 01-4
3) ( "-a" -
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4) ("-o"
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:
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:
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:
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:
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173
00210-01 33 01-4
fls - (full screen) ls
fls [][...]
fls ls -
file
7920. ls (, -l, -t ..)
.
:
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pf2 .
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174
00210-01 33 01-4
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.
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175
00210-01 33 01-4
:
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:
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176
00210-01 33 01-4
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177
00210-01 33 01-4
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178
00210-01 33 01-4
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179
00210-01 33 01-4
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180
00210-01 33 01-4
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181
00210-01 33 01-4
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182
00210-01 33 01-4
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7920. ""
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183
00210-01 33 01-4
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184
00210-01 33 01-4
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185
00210-01 33 01-4
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- : , ,
;
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:
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186
00210-01 33 01-4
2
00210-01 33 01-4
, -
.
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3
00210-01 33 01-4
1. ......................... 4
............................................ 5
4
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
1.
:
:
;
: . ,
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5
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
6
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
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join - .
:
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:
join -
,
"1" "2". "2"
"-", .
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7
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
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N 1 2;
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N , M-
;
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aa xoa cpoa coco oe, -
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:
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:
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, join, sort, comm,
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8
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
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:
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:
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.
kill -
-
. "kill -9" -
.
,
0, ,
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-.
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:
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9
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
label - .
:
label [-w] [-i ]
:
label -
, -
"".
,
6- 80-
. VOL1,
. - -
-8 -
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label
.
:
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10
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
ld -
:
ld [] ...
:
ld ' '
,
.
' , ld ' ,
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). ld e-
a.out. -
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11
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
, -
. __.SYMDEF,
, , -
ranlib. ,
.
"_etext", "_edata" "_end" ("etext", "edata"
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ld .
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apyaeo popa; o yoa
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/lib/libX.a, "X" - . -
, ld -
/usr/lib/libX.a.
oc, ecoaxoee "-l" ec
cyece;
12
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
-n ,
ecoa ac ye ocyo oo
e paec ey ce ooae,
o o a.
4K,
eco ceeo;
-o "" "-o"
e xooo aa ld eco
"a.out";
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ld. -
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-s -
( ). -
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,
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13
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
-X , ,
"$". -
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, . B
ay coo oeac oo ee
co;
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.
.
:
/lib/lib*.a
/usr/lib/lib*.a
a.out
:
as, ar, cc, ranlib, ldover
14
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
learn - .
:
learn [-.] [ [ [.]]]
:
learn
c
. "learn". -
, ,
. , "-
" "",
.
"", -
learn .
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;
.
"":
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;
files ;
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;
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15
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
""
learn.
"-" -
,
learn.
:
/mnt/learn
:
learn, , o
oyee pooc a oe OC,a o ee epc,
oopa ceac .
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16
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
lex - .
:
lex [-tvfn] []...
:
lex , -
.
( - ) -
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"lex.yy."
, :
cc lex.yy.c -ll
-
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, -
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.
lex -
,
:
%%
17
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
[A-Z] putchar(yytext[0]+'a'-'A');
[ ]+$
[ ]+ putchar(' ');
:
-t ,
lex.yy.;
-v ;
-n (
);
-f "" , -
.
.
-d (
-
lex).
:
yacc
18
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
ln - .
:
ln 1 [2] ...[ n] [d2]
:
( , -
, , ..) -
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-
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:
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.
:
rm
19
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
lock - .
:
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:
lock ,
"Again" -
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,
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.
20
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
logoff - .
:
logoff
:
logoff
. logoff
.
"" .
21
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
look - .
:
look [-df] []
:
look ""
, "".
. "d" "f"
, sort:
d "" : , , -
;
f .
.
:
sort, grep
22
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
lorder - ' .
:
lorder ...
:
-
' .
'
. -
, . -
tsort
,
ld.
".o":
ar cr library `lorder *.o | tsort`
:
tsort, ld, ar
:
' , -
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.
23
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
lpq - a cocoe oepe A.
:
lpq
:
lpq ,
. ,
, -
, . -
lprm.
:
/usr/spool/lpd/*
:
lpr, lprm
24
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
lpr - .
:
lpr [-m] [-c] [-r] [-b ] [...]
:
lpr -
. ,
.
:
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;
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;
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25
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
/usr/spool/lpd/*
/usr/lib/lpd ""
/usr/lib/lpf
:
lpq, lprm
:
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),
- .
.
26
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
lprm - .
:
lprm [...] [-...] [...]
:
lprm . e-
aop, -aa aea opeoo aa
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.
:
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/usr/spool/lpd/*
27
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
ls - .
:
ls [-1ACFRabcdfgilmnqrstux] ... l [ ls]
...
:
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. ,
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28
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
. ,
.
:
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;
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( -
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;
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);
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;
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29
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
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i-;
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"-l", "-t", "-s" "-r", -
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30
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
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31
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
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32
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
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33
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
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:
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34
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
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;
undefine(`')
, -
;
35
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
ifdef(`',2,3)
, -
, - .
,
;
changequote(l,r)
()
. changequote
(.. `');
divert(n)
10
, 0 9.
. -
(
0). divert -
(
). , -
, 0-9, -
;
undivert(n1,n2 ...)
-
( , -
). -
. -
36
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
;
divnum
;
dln
;
ifelse(a,b,c,d)
. -
, -
.
,
4, 5, 6 7.
-
, , -
;
incr()
, -
1.
;
eval()
. -
32- -
. +, -, *, /, %, ^
( ), , ;
len()
"";
37
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
index(_1,_2)
"_1"
"_2".
. "_1"
"_2" , -1;
substr(s,i,n)
"s",
i- , "n" . -
.
, , -
"s";
translit(s,f,t)
"s", , -
"f",
"t";
include()
"-
";
sinclude()
include, , -
,
;
syscmd()
"" .
;
38
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
maketemp(...XXX...)
XXX
;
errprint(_1,_2,...)
-
;
dumpdef(_1,_2...)
( , -
);
39
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
mail - o .
:
mail [+] [-i] []...
mail [+] [-i] -f
:
mail -
" ". , -
/usr/spool/mail -
,
. mail,
" "
. "", -
, ,
" - ". -
"", mail
, ".", -
" " "". -
,
" ". "-
" , -
">". , "" - ,
,
( ), "-
40
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
" "!_" .
:
+
" - ";
-i ;
-f -
, "
".
" ",
"?" . -
:
<return>
-
;
d ;
p ;
- ;
s[]...
-
( , mbox -
);
41
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
w[]...
( - mbox);
m[]...
( - );
EOT (< > - <cntrl-D>)
-
;
q , EOT;
!
SHELL
.
.
.
:
/etc/passwd -
/usr/spool/mail/* " "
mbox
/tmp/ma*
dead.letter
42
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
pif -mes [a-i]*.1 > ai1.f mx
-ES -P ant.ai ai1.f > ai1.fcps
pif -mes [j-z]*.1 > jz1.f mx
-ES -P ant.jz jz1.f > jz1.fcps
rm *.f
43
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
make - .
:
make [-f _] [] ... ...
:
make -
. make
, , -
, -
, ..
make,
,
-
. ( make) -
', -
,
', SHELL '.
"-f", -
"_" "-", -
. -
"-f" -
.
, ,
( -
44
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
) .
, -
. -
',
""
, , .
, ,
,
SHELL,
.
-
(-
"*", "[-]", "?", -
SHELL; ).
, "#",
make.
"pgm",
"a.o" "b.o", , ,
"a.c", "b.c" "incl.h".
pgm: a.o b.o
cc a.o b.o -o pgm
a.o: incl.h a.c
cc -c a.c
b.o: incl.h b.c
45
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
cc -c b.c
' -
,
,
' .
-
'. ,
"":
aa :: x.c y.c
echo
aa :: x.y
echo YACC
,
:
=
:
$()
${}
""
"". "" , -
.
46
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
, make.
, ,
. ,
:
TEXT = 2
progr:
echo ${TEXT}
make
" 2". -
:
make "TEXT = 1"
" 1".
, -
make:
$* ;
$? , -
;
$@ ;
$< ;
$$ "$".
47
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
' - -
:
- -
;
- -
;
- ".DEFAULT";
- -
.
, -
, -
. , -
"a." "a.":
a. : a.
mv a.M a.K
-
,
, . ,
".o" -
"." :
.c.o :
cc -c $<
, ,
48
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
".o" ".c" -
( ,
). -
:
.SUFFIXES: .o .c
'
".DEFAULT",
, make
. ,
:
.DEFAULT:
cp dummy $@
( -
dummy).
, -
. ,
aca aeo opoe:
pgm: a.o b.o
cc a.o b.o -o pgm
a.o b.o: incl.h
, -
-
49
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
, . -
:
AS (as);
CC - (cc);
RC -77 (f77);
LEX Lex (lex);
YACC Yacc (yacc).
:
CFLAGS - (cc);
FFLAGS -77 (f77);
LFLAGS -
lex;
YFLAGS yacc;
LOADLIBES .
-
:
.out ;
.o ' ;
.c ;
50
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
.f ;
.e Efl;
.r ;
.y Yacc;
.l Lex;
.s ;
.p .
SHELL -
. -
,
, ,
SHELL.
".SILENT",
"@", .
, make
"-s".
make
.
,
' -
".PRECIOUS", .
51
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
. -
(
).
, ',
, '.
, '
, . , -
, , -
:
a(b) , "b"
"a";
a((_b)) "_b"
"a".
- ,
make .
.
'
".IGNORE",
"-".
make :
-d . -
;
-f
; - "makefile" "Makefile".
52
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
, -
,
"makefile";
-i
.
".IGNORE:";
-k , -
, -
,
;
-n , , -
;
-p ;
-q '
0, -
, -1 ;
-r ".SUFFIXES:" -
. -
;
-s ".SILENT:" - -
;
-S -
- ;
53
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
-t ',
- ;
:
sh, touch
:
, -
( cd),
.
54
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
mesg - .
:
mesg [n] [y]
:
mesg "n" -
-
. mesg "y"
. mesg -
.
:
write
:
0, -
, 1, , 2 .
55
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
mkdir - .
:
mkdir ...
:
Koaa mkdir coae yaae cpao co
cayco 755. "." -
".."
.
mkdir
.
:
rm
:
mkdir 0, -
. -
.
56
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
mv - .
:
mv 1 2
mv ...
:
mv "1" "2".
"2" , -
"1". "2" -
,
, oaa mv eaae pe cae
cpoy caapoo oa, ec -
"y", .
mv.
,
"" ""
.
mv
.
:
cp, chmod
:
"1" "2"
, mv
57
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
.
,
( ) .
.
:
mv "-f" -
rm, -
, .
58
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
newgrp - .
:
newgrp _
:
newgrp
, login. -
, ,
-
;
,
, - ;
newgrp .
:
login
59
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
nice, nohup - .
:
nice [-] []
nohup []
:
nice -
. "", -
(
) -
20. "" 10.
- -
, , "--10".
Nohup ,
. -
5. nohup
"&" ,
,
.
:
sh, csh
:
nice
60
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
.
:
nice nohup sh.
csh, , "&",
-
.
nohup, , -
nohup.out.
nice csh ,
- "nice+10" -
, "nice-10" -
-
.
61
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
nm - .
:
nm [-agnopru] [ ...]
:
nm ( -
)
' . -
, -
' . "" ,
"a.out".
(, ) u
(), a (), t (
), d ( ), b ( -
bss) c ( ).
( ),
. .
:
-g () ;
-n , ;
-o
, ;
-p , -
62
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
;
-r ;
-u .
:
ar, ar, a.out
63
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
od - .
:
od [-format] [file] [[+]offset[.][b]
[label]]
:
od
"file" .
, "o". -
( - -
) .
("format")
:
a -8.
,
,
-8, . -
"p", , -
- .
"P" -
;
b ;
c -8.
, : - ; -
64
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
; ;7 - -
; - ; - . -
,
-8, ;
d (short)
;
f (long)
;
h (short)
;
i (short)
;
l (long)
;
o (short) ;
s[N]
, ""
(' '). N -
, N
3;
v . , -
'*' ;
65
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
w[N]
.
,
16 . N 32 ;
x (short)
.
"file" ,
. , -
.
"offset" ,
.
.
".", -
. "b", -
512 .
"file" , "offset" -
"+".
"label" -
. "()"
,
.
:
adb
:
"+". -
66
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
.
67
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
opr - .
:
opr [-h] [-u ] [-v ] [-p ] [-n _-
] [-c ] [-t ] [- ] [
...]
:
opr -
.
-
SPOOL, opr -
-
.
opr:
-h , -
HOLD, -
opr
;
, -
.
5-
/c/passwd;
68
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
,
k
;
_
, ,
, -
,
;
,
. -
,
opr,
- ;
-u ,
, -
,
,
;
-v ,
, -
, , -
;
-t -
te ;
-T ,
69
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
;
.
:
/etc/passwd
/tmp/opr????
:
qprt
:
-
,
opr.
-
/rtc/spooler/opred, opr.
70
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
passwd - .
passwd []
:
( ) ,
(
-
).
,
. .
-
.
, -
, , -
.
, .
-; ,
.
:
login, crypt
71
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
PC -
:
PC []......
:
-
. : -
, '.', -
; -
, '
, -
"." ".".
"." , - -
.
' ,
' ,
(.. -
-
).
-
".L".
:
-C oee ay cop ae eepa
o'eoo oa ae oa, o opyec
oo oa popaa;
72
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
-D= -D
opeee yaaoe "" pepoeccopa.
Ec opeeee e aao, aoe
opeeec a "1";
-S opye epecee aca-popa
ocae peya pao e acceepoo
eca cooecyx aax c cyca
".S";
-N ae cco oa, eeppyex PC, o e
oe x;
-P aycae oo pepoeccop epecex
aca-popa, peya -
-
".I".
-U yae ce aae opeee yaaoo
e;
-I
oc ao "#include" cpaoe "cpa",
ec o e ae eye cpaoe
/usr/src/include;
ocae apaep c o coec c
acae C ' ,
, , .
73
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
, -
, ( ),
a.out;
oop aca-8000 epc 1.0 ee eoope
o o caapoo :
64 , n -
(7-n)*4 , 1<n<6 ( -
), px ao e oo
pea 15. Moe cooac paea -
. , .
:
.
.L
. '
a.out
/tmp/pcc??????
/tmp/pcc??????.s
/lib/pasc
/lib/pmp
/lib/prt0.0
/lib/crt0.0
/lib/libp.a
74
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
/lib/libc.a
:
CC,LD
.
:
, -
m , . -
-
.
,
,
. -
, ,
. -
dcon.
75
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
pif - .
:
pif [] ... [] ...
:
pif
.
""
"-", .
""
:
-o
,
"" ,
. N-M
N M; -N -
"" N;
N- ""
N ;
-nN N;
-sN N . Pif -
N
( N=1) ,
, -
;
76
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
-m /usr/lib/tmac/tmac.m, -
, -
;
-ran () a N;
-i ,
;
-q -
rd;
-T
;
e -
,
;
h -
,
. , -
-
.
:
/usr/lib/tmac/tmac.*
/usr/lib/term/*
77
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
/tmp/ta*
:
tbl, col
78
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
pli - PL/1.
:
pli [-clgirsq ] ...
:
pli -
send.
,
PL/1.
popa
PL/1, oop
.
ae, coyeo aece
send.
.
$home/.../pli. -
:
- ;
- ;
- o, peapoae
;
- -
79
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
;
- , -
;
- , -
/;
- -
-
(
).
:
-c ( -
);
-l ;
-g opoa, peapoa -
;
-i -
PL/1 ;
-r $home/.../pli
;
-s
caap o, eco send;
80
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
-q send gath.
i.
:
/usr/lib/model/jobcard JOB
send.
/usr/lib/model/plic -
.
/usr/lib/model/rlicl -
/ .
/usr/lib/model/pliclg -
/ /.
/imp/pli* .
$home/.../pli .
:
send
81
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
pp -
:
pp [-N]
:
pp
. -
, . -
,
"7" - . -
. -
:
pr -2 text " pp -3 >/dev/lp
:
,
DZM -
oepa "opa a a aa", oao
.
82
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
pr - .
:
pr []...[]...
:
pr
. , -
,
. "" , -
pr .
-
:
-n ;
-iN ""
( ).
(N), -
N;
-n , "n" ;
+ "";
-h ;
-wN ,
N 72 ;
-f
83
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
" " ( -
"
");
-lN N 66
;
-t 5
, ;
-sC "C", -
.
"C" ;
-m ,
.
:
cat, more
:
pr -
.
84
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
PRETTYP-
:
SH peopapye popay a acae co caapoo
xoa, peya ,
:
:
* .
* -
.
* .
* co coo cpoe peae 72, cpoa
paaec epeocc,
.
85
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
ps - .
:
ps [acgklrstuvwx# [-]]
:
ps .
-
"ps axlgw". -
"ps au".
, -
.
( , "cx"):
a -
(
);
c , -
comm. ( comm
,
). -
ps '
. , -
;
e
, (.. -
);
86
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
g .
ps "-
" . "-
", -
"-".
getty;
k
;
l "" .
,
, ,
;
r<t>-<string>-
ps.
<t> ,
-
<string> .
, -
. -
"/etc/psloop", -
-
;
s .
87
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
;
t -
,
(
, ps,
, t3 tty3, tc0 , td0
ttyd0, t? , ,
..). ;
u , -
. , -
, -
( -
), , ,
, , -
;
v , ,
.
, , -
, , -
, ,
,
, , -
,
, ,
, -
88
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
, .
: r , s
, w , d -
(-), p
. -
;
"127" .
-
;
w ps ,
132 . -
, 80
. -
, -
. w : "ww",
, 128 , -
;
x , -
;
# (
#),
. -
.
ps ,
"k". -
"KERNEL",
89
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
, "/demos".
. -
, , -
.
, - -
.
-
:
F , ;
S : - , s -
"", w - , r - , i -
, z - , - -
;
UID ;
PID ; -
,
;
PPID ;
CPU ;
PRI ; -
;
NICE ;
90
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
ADDR , -
, - ;
SZ ;
RSS ( , -
) -
;
WCHAN , ; ,
. tty -
;
TIME ;
COMAND
.
, , , , -
, ,
<defunct>(<>). ps -
,
, -
.
,
,
.
:
kill
:
91
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
ps ;
-
.
92
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
pwd -
:
pwd
:
pwd ()
.
:
cd
93
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
PXREF -
:
PXREF
:
PXREF
-
. -
: '-
,
.
,
.
94
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
q, ind, autolog, mo - .
:
q ...
ind [user]
autolog []
mo
:
q, ind, autolog, mo ( )
,
.
.
mo
-.
:
/dev/vcf?
:
vcf, cpcmd, cpmode
" ", "
".
:
'command too long' 132
95
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
.
96
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
ranlib -
:
ranlib 1 ...
:
ranlib
' (
). "ranlib"
, "ar",
"__.SYMDEF", . -
"ld" ;
, -
( ,
).
"ar", -
"/tmp".
:
' -
"ranlib",
"__.SYMDEF", -
"ld"
"__.SYMDEF out of date" "__.SYMDEF".
,
"__.SYMDEF" -
, .
97
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
,
"cp". ycpae ecooec a eoxoo
oop oay "ranlib".
98
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
red - opa peaop eco.
:
red [-] _aa [oep_cpo]
red [-]
red [-] -
red [-] -r a_pooo
:
Peaop red peaae peapoa
pocopa ao pao pee c oo
epao EC-7920 coecx c . O ooe
pocapa a pae epaa o ecoo
ao, peapoa a c cooae ypa-
x a epaa oa peaopa, epeoc
opa aa a poo pye oepa
peapoa. Peaop aaoe o y
peaopy "red" OC EMOC/CM opoo oca
pyooce popaca ("aooa ea oa
oepaoa ccea. Pyooco popaca. o-
pa peaop eco RED.").
Peaop aec c oo oa "red" oo
ceyx opao:
red [-] _aa [oep_cpo]
Haa peapoae aa "_aa",
ycao oo a cpoy "oep_cpo"; ec
oep e yaa, ceaec aao aa.
99
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
red [-]
poo peapoae c oo coco,
oopo aepe pey ceac pao c
aoo epaa.
red [-] -
oop ceac peapoa ao oce co
cce peaopa.
red [-] -r a_pooo
oop ceac peapoa, ca pooo
yaaoo aa.
Pe pao peaopa aaec c oo aopa
"e", aoy oopx cooecye oa
aca ya. K ec c oo cpo
oca e a "-aop_y+aop_y", e
a ooa cpo oe ocycoa. Ocae
e oe aaac:
1. apyee oa e "red --l+s ..."
(opae ae, o ep "-" ec
pao cooecyeo apyea oa, a
opo oaae "oea a l");
2. c oo epeeo csh REDKEYS, apep:
setenv REDKEYS "+l"
3. c oo oa peaopa, apep:
100
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
<AP>-w<BBO>
o oaae:
(7)-W(BBO)
Booe :
l - paoa oo c o ya (pe LCASE)
s - p oe a epa co "{", "}" ..
opaa c oo ap coo (oc o a
cea);
t - e ca ay eco poeo.
w - papeee ac ey a.
z - e eppepoa yce co a pae a
poe (o yoa yee co oc c
epaa a poe);
S - e cea pa p oope ceaca oce
co.
o yoa ycaaaec pe "-ls"; ec a
epae e ycaoe pe "lcase", "+ls"
poo cyae. Ceye e y, o p cee
peo "l" "s" poecce pao eoxoo
epea pa, aa "CTPH KP".
Bo oa ocyecec c oo yoax
101
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
a epaa EC-7920. Paeee oa pao
a, o oo paec coaae c paeee
oa a ooeo poo aaype epaa
"epoa-15-" a CM BM. Heoope o
ca c e, o aa aa oe o 3
pae oa, aco o "pecpa oa",
oop ycaaaec c oo a "2" "3"
( coecoc c CM BM oo ae cooa
o e "8"). Taa oa peea ae
"/usr/lib/re.std", oop ceaec p aa
a "10" (oaa "ycao_a").
Paeee oa a aaypy 7920
-----2--------1---------2---------3------pecp:
! pecp 2 ! +c ! ca ! ! - 1
! pecp 1 ! -c ! ypa ! oo ! - 2
! pecp 1 ! a aa ! - cpo ! a epe! - 3
102
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
-----3--------4---------5---------6------
! 3 ! oec ! c poe! yp co! - 1
! ca 3! co oo ! yc a ! a a ! - 2
! pecp 1 ! oo eo! aao !oo pao! - 3
----------------7---------8---------9------
! ! apye ! pecp 2 ! + oc ! - 1
! ! ! pecp 1 ! - oc ! - 2
! ! ! + cpo ! *** ! - 3
----------------10--------11--------12-----
! ! pe a ! ypa ! oo ! - 1
! ! ce oo ! aya ! oe ! - 2
! ! o ! *** ! *** ! - 3
-------------------------------------------------
--cpae---
! oc !
! oop !
! ee !
! oa !
--.eca--
! !
! xo !
! !
-------------
Pc. 1.
Ocoe o peaopa o epc CM BM:
1. Beco oa "pe ca" eea oaa
103
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
"ca poe", oopa cae eyee
eco cpo poe (o yoa 4,
ee ca poeo yo ec
<AP>co<BCTABT>). ca/yae
coo cpo oo ooac o
aoo oooc epaa, o
oaa "c poe", "yp. co", oope
oe o aoox oa epaa
a/a ec a pao pa
paa epaa.
2. epexoa pey yaa ypcopo oa
apyea ae "BBO" ee oy
oa ypae ypcopo
3. Opay epy p oe eoxoo cea
yaa.
4. oa/oa eecox coo co-
yec oa coo a " 07".
5. Ec apye oa e yeaec oe oa,
eo oo ec a ecoo pa, aa
"<AP>" oce oa oepeo ac apaepa.
6. epeee oa epx/ pao/eo
ocaoo oec ypcop cooecye
pae paa aa "BBO".
B peaop ee oa "aya" "oe", oope
oo aca pooo ceaca ayy 5 cey
104
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
oae aa a "o" peaae
aca yeoo poooa pao peaopa.
:
rpl(1)
:
oopa ceaca oce co eoxoo, o
cpaoe "/tmp" ocae a c ea
"rett*" "resv*". B ea paox ao peaopa
oaec ooae, oe epeeo
"USER", o oep ooae, ec a epeea
e aaa..
A
/tmp/rett*. - pooo pao peaopa;
/tmp/resv*. - cocoe peaopa p xoe
eo;
/tmp/retm*. - pao a.
105
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
refft, crreff - -
.
:
refft < >
crreff <>
:
refft crreff
-
. crreff
, ,
, .
:
...
, "" -
, "", "" "",
.
refft -
, ;
, .
:
ctags
106
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
refft
SHELL crreff -
( "-j").
107
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
rev -
:
rev []...
:
rev
, -
.
, .
108
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
rline -
:
rline
:
rline
. -
CSHELL , :
#
echo "Enter devise type set dev=`rline`
109
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
rm, rmdir - ya a (cpao)
:
rm [-f] [-r] [-i] [-] ...
rmdir ...
:
rm
.
, .
,
, .
,
,
. -
"y", , -
. ,
"-f".
,
. "-r" -
.
"-i" () rm -
110
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
,
"-r" - -
.
rmdir .
.
:
unlink
:
- "rm .*"
"rm
-r" .
111
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
rpl -
:
rpl
:
rpl ,
-
,
. -
, -
"ed" , ,
"." -
"@".
:
rpl "^ *" ":" <a >b
"a",
, -
"b".
rpl -
red, -
.
112
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
sed -
:
sed [-n] [-e .] [-f ._] []...
:
sed
,
-
.
sed "-f",
"._";
-
. -
"-e"
"-f", "-e" .
"-n" , e -
. -
, ,
:
[ [, ]] _ []
: sed -
,
, ;
113
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
( , -
-n). -
.
:
- ,
(
);
- "$" -
;
- " "
,
ed , -
"0 ,
.
, -
.
,
,
.
(.. ,
), -
, -
, -
114
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
. -
,
, -
.
"!" ,
(acaa a oo c
e cpoe), peec oo , -
.
, text, ,
, ,
'/ , , escape-
" ". '/ -
'/
s, -
( '/
); -
.
, rfile wfile,
, ;
. wfile
.
wfile.
(1)a text
115
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
. text
.
(2)b label
":" label.
"label" , -
.
(2)c text
. "" ,
,
text.
(2)d .
(2)D
escape- " ".
(2)g
.
(2)G -
.
(2)h -
.
(2)H -
.
(1)i text
116
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
. text -
.
(2)n
. -
.
(2)N -
, "'0.
.
(2)p . -
.
(2)P
.
(1)q . -
.
(1)r rfile
rfile. -
-
.
(2)s/ / /
-
. ed ,
'/' .
117
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
. :
g . -
,
;
p ,
;
w file
. , -
file ;
(2)t label
.
t
":"
label. ,
;
(2)w file
. file;
(2)x -
;
(2)y/1/2/
. ,
1,
2. 1 2 -
;
118
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
(2)!
. "!" -
, (
, {...} ),
,
,
;
(0):
-
. -
t b;
(1)= . "=" -
, -
;
(2){ }
.
.
:
ed, grep, awk, lex
119
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
send -
:
send [-] [ ...]
gath [-] [ ...]
:
send , -
.
.
send -
,
SPOOL. send -
vmpunch .
st.
send
. -
:
- ;
- ;
- .
120
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
send -
, -
.
send, ,
. , ~,
, send.
,
, ae
epeex, opa -
.
send :
^-flags
-
send;
^+flags
, -
send;
^+:promt
;
^-:promt
paceaa ocay, oo
;
^!command
121
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
EMOC, a
eppeaop SHELL.
/dev/null.
send;
^^comment
,
send oo oo;
^=:keyword;default
,
-
, . -
o yoa, ec oc yca
cpoa;
^keyword=string
eo oepae;
^file
send;
^*file
, -
-
122
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
.
acaoo paepa;
^?file
-
-
.
80-ae ac;
^==keyword;n
n
,
, ,
, -
, .
n aee=1;
-uUSER
,
(
, oay send);
-cLINK
, -
( yoa 'COMPLEX
1');
123
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
-l -
aa;
-q OC
EC;
-f cpox y poce;
-t
aee;
- eypa-
x cpo;
-r oa KO-8 KO;
- opeee eoo
coa;
-i e eppepoa
, . -
: oe
epeycaoe;
-s
eppeae ypax cpo;
-d
( epoaao oa).
( ^)
pee +i eppepyc
send. -s -
124
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
co oee eppea
send. send -
. -
. , ,
, -
(" ").
send
-
.
send SHELL -
C. -
, send
, . -
.
e coa, oop -
.
, (
, -f).
-8, .
-
(&),
.
send -
,
. (-
125
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
^*file)
.
-
-. -
, -
.
-e.
send
. ,
80 .
: -
, SHELL.
, -
send
.
gath -
-lq.
, demsend.
,
DEMROUTE.
:
usr/spool/send *
.
:
sh, st, vmread, demsend
126
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
80 -
,
. : y
- .
127
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
sendmvt - .
:
sendmvt [_ [__ [_]]]
:
sendmvs
. -
.
sendmvt
,
apaepax oepaopo .
, ,
.
"__" ,
. -
,
.
, . -
- . -
y, , -
. n,
128
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
, -
.
"_" .
vmread -
.
:
/usr/lib/model/sendmvt
/tmp/sendmvt.*
pee ypa a send
:re
send ,vmread
129
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
sh, for, case, if, while, :, ., break, continue, cd,
eval, exec, exit, export, login, newgrp, read,
readonly, set, shift, times, trap, umask, wait - -
.
:
sh [-ceiknrstuvx] [] ...
:
sh -
SHELL, -
. SHELL
-
.
:
, "" (, -
). -
, .
-
. -
. "" -
, , 200+ -
.
, "|", -
. , -
130
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
,
-
. -
- . -
; sh -
.
_
, -
";", "&", "&&" "||",
";" "&". ";", "&" "&&", "||"
, ,
"&" "|" , "&&" "||". -
, _, -
; -
, -
( -
). "&&" ("||") -
, -
( ).
.
_ -
.
-
, . -
sh.
131
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
for [in ...]
do _
done
for "" -
"
...". "in ..." -
, "in $@" (..
).
case in
[1 [|2]...) _;;]
...
esac
""
, "_".
"*" .
if _1
then _2
[elif _3 then _4]
[else _5]
"_1" ,
"_2", - "-
_3" ,
, "_4".
"_5".
132
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
while _1
[do _2]
done
"_1" ,
"_2" ,
- .
until _1
[do _2]
done
"_1"
, "_2" -
, - .
(_)
"_", sh -
.
{_;}
"_".
sh
: "if", "then", "else", "elif", "fi",
"case", "in", "esac", "for", "while", "until", "do",
"done", "{", "}". -
, -
.
:
133
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
(``),
-
. -
;
.
:
"$" -
. set -
. -
:
= [ = ] ...
${}
"" : 1) -
,
(.. ""), 2) , 3)
* @ # ? - $ !.
( ). -
, -
"" ,
,
. "" ,
. ""
* @,
( 0), -
134
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
.
${-}
"" , -
, "".
${=}
"" , -
"" -
.
.
${?}
"" , -
; "" -
. "" -
, -
.
${+}
"" , "",
.
,
"", , "" -
. ( , -
"echo {d-`pwd`}" pwd
d ).
"" -
sh:
135
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
# ;
- ,
set;
? ;
$ ;
! .
"" ,
:
HOME (
- )
cd, ;
PATH ,
, -
;
MAIL
, sh -
;
PS1 ,
"$";
PS2
(
), ">";
136
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
IFS - ;
, .
:
, -
,
- ( $IFS).
. ,
(" " ' '), . , -
,
, .
:
-
*, ?, [.
,
, -
. -
,
. "."
.
* , ;
? ;
[...] .
137
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
, "-", -
-
.
:
-
sh -
, : ";", "&", "(",
")", "|", "<", ">", _, , .
,
.
, "0
. , ('
'), , -
. -
("
"). , `, " $.
"$*" "$1 $2 ..."
"$@" "$1" "$2" ... .
:
, , sh
PS1 ( - $).
-
, -
PS2 ( - >).
138
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
-:
/ -
.
. ""
"" .
<
"" -
( 0).
>
"" -
( 1). -
, ;
.
>>
"" -
. ,
; -
.
<<
, -
"". -
. - "" -
,
;
139
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
,
,
, $, `
"".
<&
,
"", .
>&
"".
<&- .
>&- .
-
,
( 0 1 ).
:
,
, -
/.
: ,
-
. .
140
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
.
""
.
cd []
' "" .
,
HOME.
eval [ ...]
"-
...".
exec [ ...]
" ...". -
/.
exit [N]
N. N ,
-
.
export [...]
.
,
.
login [ ...]
141
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
( "exec login
...").
newgrp [ ...]
-
( "exec newgrp ...").
read ...
. " ..." -
, -
.
, ,
,
.
readonly ...
. , -
,
"readonly" ( ).
set [-eknptuvx [ ...]]
sh.
:
-e -
;
142
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
-k -
;
-n
;
-t ,
-
;
-u
-
;
-v
;
-x
;
- -x -v.
"-".
-
"1, 2, ...". ,
;
shift "2, 3, ..."
"1, 2, ..." ;
times , -
;
143
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
trap [] [N ...]
"";
umask [ddd]
ddd . ddd ,
;
wait [n]
n -
"?".
:
"0" "-",
.profile.
:
-c
"";
-s .
-
( 2);
-i .
:
$HOME/.profile
/tmp/sh*
144
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
/dev/null
:
csh, test, exec
:
, (, -
), , sh -
, .
- ,
. -
, sh -
.
145
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
size - '
:
size [...]
:
size () , -
, bss,
' "", -
.
146
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
sleep -
:
sleep
:
sleep ""
.
, :
(sleep 105; )
, ,
while true
do
sleep 37
done
:
"" 2 147 483 647 .
147
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
soelim - pif.
:
soelim [...]
:
(
) , -
pif :
.so _
. -
, tbl, , soelim
, -
.
, -
"'" ".", ..
'so /usr/lib/tmac.s
soelim:
soelim exum?.n | tbl | pif -ms | col | lpr
:
colcrt, more
:
,
.
148
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
sort -
:
sort [-mubdfinrtxz] [ +1 [-2] ]...
[-o ] [-T ] []...
:
sort
-
. (
"-"),
.
-
. -
( ) -
-8 ( ).
, -
:
b
;
d " ":
, ;
f ;
i -8 -
149
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
040-0176 0300-0376 -
;
n ( -
), -
. "n" -
"b";
r ;
tx " ", ,
"x";
z
.
"+1 -2" ,
.
"1"
"2". "1" "2"
"m.n",
bdfinr, m , -
, n -
, -
. - ,
. "b", "n"
( ) -
; "b" "2".
".n" ".o", "2" -
150
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
. "-tx" -
, -
"x", "-tx"
, .
,
,
. ,
, .
:
c , -
; ,
;
m , ;
o -
,
. -
;
T -
,
;
u
. -
151
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
.
:
"".
.
sort -u +0f +0
/etc/passwd,
(
):
sort -t: +2n /etc/passwd
-
(dates). "-um"
.
sort -um +0 -1 dates
:
uni, comm, rev, join
:
-
,
"-c".
:
.
152
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
split -
:
split [-n] [ []]
:
split ""
, n
( - 1000).
n,
.
"" "aa",
. -
, .
-
"-", .
153
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
st -
.
:
st [] _
:
st -
, -
"_".
"", -
complex1.
, , -
. ,
st
.
:
/dev/smsg?
154
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
strip - .
:
strip ...
:
strip -
, -
.
, .
strip ,
"-s" ld.
:
ld
155
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
stty - .
:
stty [ ...]
:
stty -
/ .
.
:
even ;
-even ;
odd ;
-odd ;
"-even -odd".
raw ( (kill),
(erase), (quit), -
(EOT); -
);
-raw ;
cbreak
read(2)
; (kill)
(erase);
156
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
-cbreak
read
;
-crmod
;
crmod -
(CR) (NL);
-
- (CR-NL);
echo - ;
-echo -;
lcase -
;
-lcase
;
-tabs ;
tabs ;
cyrill
;
-cyrill
;
157
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
icyrill
(/) -
(
15 0013, "" );
-icyrill
(/) -
( 15 0013,
"" );
"" .
dec ,
RSX-11, RT-11: ("", <control>u,
<control>c).
ek , "dec".
unix ,
UNIX: ("#", "@", <>).
"quit" <control> .
erase c
c .
^x,
<ctrl>x;
kill c
c .
^;
intr c
158
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
c
"interrupt".
^;
quit c
c
"core". -
^;
nl cr ht vt n
n ;
width n
( ) n
;
lengh n
o n ,
; length 0,
;
score (kill)
(erase);
-score
score;
indctl
control- -,
^<char + 0141>;
159
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
-indctl
indctl;
hup
;
-hup -
;
0 ;
extb speed
"speed". "speed"
: 75, 110, 134, 150, 200, 300,
600, 1200, 1800, 2400, 4800, 9600 ( -
dh dz);
cro cr1 cr2 cr3
;
nl0 ln1 nl2 nl3
.
:
tty, ioctl, tabs.
160
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
su - .
:
su [_]
:
su -
-
. -
,
.
-
.
su -
, -
(root). , - -
, sh "#".
:
sh
161
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
sum -
:
sum file ...
:
Sum 16-
. -
-
,
.
:
wc
:
read error
. -
(, , -
). ,
-
.
162
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
svc - .
:
svs []
:
svc "" "-
" -
.
,
,
popa.
time
, .
svc o o, a o o
pe o opaeo. mon -
-
.
163
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
sysname - .
:
sysname
:
sysname
.
:
ipl
164
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
tail -
:
tail [+-[lbc]] []
:
tail
, .
, .
, -
"+" "-" .
"" , -
"l", "b"
"c". ,
.
:
dd
:
,
, .
-
.
165
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
tape -
:
tape [-muwq] [-nl] [-blp]
[-sl _] [-d ] [-c -
_] _
:
,
. -
,
, -
.
:
-m . -
, -u;
-u . -
, .
;
-w .
;
-q
;
-nl .
166
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
;
-blp
. -
;
-sl
, "_"
;
-d .
63 /;
-c , -
"-" K
. -
%s
"-"
tape -m-c"cat %s>blot" GLOP84
GLOP84 blot.
:
eo ce poecc -
, -
. -nl, -sl, -blp
.
-nl ,
.
-sl
167
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
.
-blp -
.
.
:
/usr/spool/out/t*
spool
/usr/spool/out/.spoolpid
spool
/dev/tape/??????
/dev/mt?
/dev/tape/lock18
:
opr, vmpunch, label, spoolr, tm
168
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
tar -
:
tar [ ...]
:
tar
. -
"". ""
(r,x,t,u
c), , -
.
, -
.
Tar :
r
. ;
.
,
,
( ). -
(
). -
"",
. ,
, -
169
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
;.
t ,
.
"" ,
;
u
, -
;
c .
, .
:
1,2 -
, ( -
12, "TAPE"; -
"TAPE",
. "TAPE" -
"tar", "mt",
"ardos" "sh"
( , /dev/mt580):
"TAPE=/dev/mt580; export TAPE"; "csh" :
"setenv TAPE /dev/mt580". -
"f".);
v v tar
-
-.
170
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
t, ,
;.
w tar
, -
.
: "y" - , "n" - -
, "=" -
,
"", "#" -
,
"";.
f tar
/dev/mt?. "-", tar
-
. , -
tar
. Tar -
-
cd from; tar cf - * | (cd to; tar xf -);
b tar
. 1,
127.
171
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
/dev/mt?;
i
, ,
,
. Tar -
;
l
.
,
.
512
(, -
). ,
-.
.
"mt" .
:
/dev/mt*
/tmp/tar*
:
-
/.
-
172
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
.
:
n- .
u .
, ""
,
"TAPE" "f",
1.
100 .
173
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
tbl - .
:
tbl [] ...
:
tbl -
pif
.
, ,
.TS .TE (.. ),
.
, tbl
, -
. , tbl
eqn neqn,
, ' ,
.
:
pif, eqn
:
re ""
opaee c oa ay ocaoo pooo,
p tbl .
:
txt :
174
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
.TS
center tab(&);
c s s
c s s
c c c
l n n.
-
48 .
&&
&56767&12-00
&56769&8-16
&56770&7-68
&56772&5-28
&56796&8-16
&56797&8-16
.TE
tbl txt | pif
:
-
175
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
48 .
56767 12-00
56769 8-16
56770 7-68
56772 5-28
56796 8-16
56797 8-16
176
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
tee - .
:
tee [-i] [-a] [] ...
:
tee
. :
-i ;
-a ,
.
177
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
test - .
:
test
:
test "" , -
, ; -
. ,
.
"" :
-r
,
;
-w
, -
;
-f
,
;
-d
, -
;
-s
,
178
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
, ;
-t [fildes]
, ,
fildes (
1), ;
-z s1 , s1 ;
-n s1 , s1 ;
s1 = s2
, s1 s2 ;
s1 != s2
, s1 s2 ;
s1 , s1 ;
n1 -eq n2
, n1 n2
. -eq
: -ne, -qt, -ge -lt -le.
-
:
! ;
-a ;
-o ;
( )
179
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
;
-a ,
-o. -
test. -
.
:
sh, find
180
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
time - .
:
time
:
, time
, -
, , , -
, .
.
:
,
-
1/50 . ,
, -
.
181
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
touch - .
:
touch [-c] ...
:
touch -
, "".
.
,
, , -c.
182
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
tr - .
:
tr [-cds] [1 [2]]
:
tr -
-
. , -
, "1",
"2". 2 , -
1 -
.
-cds:
-c "1" -
, -8 -
01 0377;
-d , -
"1";
-s -
, "2", .
A-Z
A Z -8.
'/, 1, 2 3
, , -8
. '/ -
183
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
, .
file1
file2, -
. -
, "" '/ -
. "012"
-8 .
tr -cs A-Za-z ' 12' <file1 >file2
:
ed
:
-8 nul
"1" "2", nul .
184
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
true, false - "" ("").
:
true
false
:
true ,
. false
. -
sh, :
while true
do
done
:
sh
185
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
tsort - .
:
tsort []
:
tsort -
,
,
"". "" ,
.
(
), .
.
, .
:
lorder
:
odd data:
.
186
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
tty - .
:
tty
:
tty -
.
:
,
"not tty".
187
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
uncompact - .
:
uncompact [...]
:
uncompact , -
compact.
".C".
,
".C".
. ,
,
.
:
..
:
compact, ccat
188
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
uniq - .
:
uniq [-udc [+n] [-n]] [filein [fileout]]
:
uniq
"filein".
;
. "-u",
. K "-d" ,
.
"-u" "-d" .
"-c" "-u" "-d" -
,
.
"n" ,
:
-n "n" -
.
( -
),
.
+n "n" . -
.
189
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
sort, comm
190
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
units - .
:
units
:
units
,
:
you have: inch
you want: cm
* 2.54000+00
/ 3.93701-01
, -
. ,
: - -
:
you want: 15 pounds forse/in2 you want: atm
* 1.02059+00
/ 9.79730-01
units -
. , -
,
.
, ,
191
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
pi ;
c ;
e ;
g ;
force , g;
mole ;
water ;
au ;
Pound .
.
, -
, br (,
brgallon).
(,
britanpound).
,
/usr/lib/units.
:
, ,
/usr/lib/units.
192
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
vmid -
:
vmid
:
a
, oopo paoae .
:
vmid
193
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
vmmsg -
:
vmmsg [ ...]
:
.
.
coep cooee ,o
. -
- 100 .
194
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
M:
vmpunch - t .
:
vmpunch [-rhdsqo] [-v ] [-i ] [-t ]
[-c ] [-f _] [-u ] [-x -
[:]] []
:
vmpunch ( -
caap o, ec aoo )
. -
, ec
o e yaa, o /etc/passwd.
-r oae peopaoae -8 ;
-h ;
-d ;
-s "stream". -
"TWO BYTE <LENGTH> <DATA>...";
-q
;
- . -
;
195
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
-v
eaop BM, oopa .
COMPLEX.VMID,
,
COMPLEX. -v -
,
/etc/passwd;
-i -
paa oaa ao,
ec ;
-f "t_" aece e, oopoe
. Ec e coyec, o
ooo aa, ec o
e caap o, o
"from.punch";
-c . ;
- . -
;
-u -
EMOC, paoae
a . userid
;
- /usr/spool/bin -
.
196
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
. -
send.
epea
o .
-i -x.
:
send, vmread, spooler
197
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
wc - .
:
wc [-lwcpt] [-b] [-s_] [-u]
[-v] [...]
:
wc , ,
( )
.
"", -
.
, , -
.
, , "l",
"w", "c", "p", "t"
(l), (w), (c), (p) -
(t).
-b , ("")
(300 ).
-s_
( 66 ).
-u ,
.
-v .
198
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
, , wc.1 -
:
wc -lwcpt -v wc.1
-
:
lines words chars pages time@300
42 86 1312 1 43.0 se wc.1
:
-
, ..
199
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
whatis - .
:
whatis name ...
:
whatis
("name").
-
man.
:
/usr/lib/whatis
:
man, catman, apropos
200
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
whereis -
:
whereis [-sbm] [-u] [-sbm ... -f] name
:
whereis -
("name")
.
, ".c", ".bak" ".etc"
.., . -
.
:
-s , -
( , -
);
-b , -
( , -
);
-m , -
. ( , -
);
-u ,
201
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
-
"name".
-f .
"-b", "-m", "-s" -
whereis. -
,
, .
:
-
, -
:
whereis -u -m /bin
:
/bin/*
/usr/bin/*
/usr/lib/*
/etc/*
chdir,
, ,
.
202
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
who - .
:
who [who-] [am i]
:
who
,
. ,
.
"x" -
.
, , "who am I" (
"who are you"), who
.
:
/etc/utmp
:
getuid, utmp
203
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
write - .
:
write _ [_tty]
:
write
. -
, :
Message from "username" "ttyname"..
.
, write
"EOF" .
,
,
"_tty" , -
.
mesg
.
. , re,
pr, -
, .
"!", write
,
204
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
.
write
:
, , ,
. -
"".
"" , .
:
mesg, who, mail
205
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
xstr -
.
:
xstr [-c] [-x] [-] []
:
xstr
,
. xstr
"strings",
.
-
"&xstr[]".
"Messages",
( 12 )
.
"Xsline()", -
.
. "xstr"
-
, -
.
xstr -c
206
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
"",
,
&xstr[]. -
' xstr.
x.c
.
strings, .
, -
, strings.
, -
, xs.c, -
xstr, :
xstr
xs.c
. xstr -
"data" "text", (,
".data" ".text" ).
Xstr . :
xstr
, , .c xs.c,
strings .
xstr -
, -
207
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
, ,
. "-", xstr
. xstr
:
cc -C -P .c
xstr -c .i
cc -c .c
mv .o .o
rm .i
, xstr
strings; ,
xs.o, , -
.
:
xstr -x -c
"Mesages", -
"x.c",
"Xsline()", "" -
"Messages".
Xsline. :
xstr -x
"xs.c", Xsline.
208
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
"XSFILE":
cc -O -c -DXSFILE=
:
/*NOXSTR*/
"xstr -c"
;
/*NOXXSTR*/
, "xstr -c -x";
/*YESXSTR*/ /*YESXXSTR*/
.
, , xstr -
, cc "-C"
, .
"xstr -c" -
:
char x[]="";
( "xstr -c -x") -
,
,
. , -
Xsline -
.
209
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
"xstr -x -c" ,
"ldover", "Messages"
"V.out.a"; Xsline ( xs.c)
.
:
,
xstr,
"strings" ,
.
210
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
:
yacc - .
:
yacc [-vd][-f ]
:
Yacc
, -
.
, -
, .
, yyparse.
-
yylex,
main yyerror. -
.
, yacc, -
lex.
-v, yacc y.output, -
-
, -
.
-d,
#define, "
", yacc, , '-
211
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
.
.
-f, -
,
, "".
"/usr/lib/yaccpar".
:
lex
:
reduce-reduce shift-reduce. ,
.
:
,
yacc.
2
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
, -
.
-
.
.
.
3
AK.00210-01 33 01-5
1. ......................... 4
............................................ 5
Last-modified: Mon, 29 Jun 1998 13:53:10 GMT