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     (Winogrud, Undestanding Natural Language, p.16 in Cognitive Psichology,
Vei. 3, V/, Jan. 1972)
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     (. Haley, Strategies of Psicholherapy, 1967, .85)
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          4
        

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     : I'm afraid!  !
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     (5) I feel happy.
       ()
     (6) I'm interested in continuing this.
        ,   . ()
     (7) My father was angry.
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     (8) This exercise is boring.
        ()
     (9) I'm irritated about that.
        ()
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     (10) I'm scared.  
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      :
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     , ,    ,   ,     
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      .
     (13) I have a problem. I have a problem with people.
               .
     
     (14) You're excited. You arc excited about being here.
      .     .
     (15) I'm sad. I'm about my mother.
      .    .
     (16) I'm fed up. I'm fed up with you.
        .      .
     (17) You are disturbing. You are disturbing me.
      .   .
                ,  
    ;       
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,       ,   ,  .
      ,      
    . ,    (18)
     (18) I don't know what to say.   ,  .
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  (19)
     (19) I said that I would try.
      ,  .
         ,           ""
( ),     "" (  ).
     (20) I talked to man who was bored.
        ,  .
      :   "",  -- ""
     (21) I hoped to see my parents.
          .
      .
     (22) I want to hear.
       
      : "".
     (23)  My husband clamed he  was  frightened.     ,    
.
      :   "",  -- ""
     (24) I laughed and then I left home.
      ,     
      : ""
              ,  
,  ,        .
     (25) You always talk as though
        ,  ,
     You always talk to me as you are mad at someone.
         ,    -.
     (26) My brother swears that my parents cope.
       ,     

     My brother swears to me my parents can't cope with him.
        ,       ,

     (27) Everybody knows that you can't win
      ,     
     Everybody knows that you can't win what win what you need.
      ,       ,   ,

     (28)  Communicating  is  hard for My  communicating  to  you me.  about
changing myself is
     hard for me.
       
            .

     (29) Running away doesn't help. My running away from my
     home doesn't help me.
       .      .
                ,    
 ,       ,   
    .       .
,   
     (30) I don't like unclear people.
         .
       "".   ,
     ,[1] -- 
     (31) i don't like people who are unclear.
        ,  .
             ,   
  ""  ( ,   ).  ,     
  :
     (32) I don't like people who are unclear to me about what they want.
        ,      .
                 
       .
     (33)  I  laughed  at the  irritating  I  laughed at the  man  who  man.
irritated  me.             ,
,   .
     (34) You always present stupid You always present examples, examples to
me which
     stupid to me.
                   ,  
,    .
     (35) Self-righteous  people  burn  People who are self me up. righteous
about drugs
     burn me up.    ,      .
 ,   .
     (36) The unhappy letter The letter which made me surprised  me. unhappy
surprised  me.      ,        ,
,  .
     (37)  The  overwhelming of food The price  of food  which  disturbs me.
overhclms me disturbs.
         -     ,       ,
    ,  .
                  
   ,       ,  
      ,    , 
  ,     ,   
       .
      
      ,     ,    
  ,             ,      
   .        --
            ,   .  ,
 :
     (38) I'm upset.  .
      ,     --  
   ,     . , 
      ,  
    :
     (39) I'm upset about someone/something.   -/-.
     ,      ,   
:
     (40) Whom what are you about? /  ?
      
     (41) About whom/what? /?
                  
   ,     ,      
  .      ,
       .        
   ,       ,    ,  
    ,          
 .
     (42) I feel happy. Happy about whom what?
      .  /? (43) My father was angry. Angry at whom/what?
       .   / ?
     (44)  This exercise  is boring. Boring to whom?   .
  ?
     (45) ) scared. Scared of whom/what?  .  /?
     (46)  I  have a  problem. A problem  with whom/what?      
  /?
     .
     (47) I  don't know what to do. To do about  whom/what? He ,    
.   /?
     (48) I  said that I  would try.  Said to whom? try what?  ,  
. ,  ?
     (49) I talked to a man who  was Talk about what, bored, with whom/what?
    .   ?   .   /
?
     (50)  I  want  to hear.  I want  to hear whom/what?     .
 //?
     (51) My father claimed he was Claimed to whom?
     frightened. Frightened about whom/what?   ,    
?  , /?
     (52)  You  always  talk as thought  Talk to  whom?  Mad at you are mad.
whom/what?            ?  ,  
.   ,  ?
     (53) My brother swears that my Swears to whom? Can't 
     parents can't cope. parents with whom/what?
       ,   '.'   
        ,  ? .
     (54) Communicating is hard for Communicating about me. what?
        .   ,  '.'
     (55) Running away doesn't Whose running away? etc. help.
        .    /  ?     /? 
?
     (56) ! don't like unclear people. Unclear about what?
     Unclear io  whom?          ? 
?  ?
     (57) 1  laughed  at the in-Haling The  man who was  man. irritating  to
whom?      ?  .
     (58)  You  always  present stupid  Examples  who think  are  exsamples.
stupid?      ? - ,  
?
     (59) Self-righteous people burn Self-righteous about what? me up,
          ? .
     (60) The unhappy letter Whom did the letter make surprised me. unhappy?
       '' .
     (61) The overwhelming price of Who was overwhelmed? food disturbs me.
       .      , 
?


             .       
,                 
   ,     !    
.
      1:     ?
        ,       ,  
      .    , 
         
    .     
      :
     (A)    -er, , ,  :
     faster ()
     better ()
     smarter ()
         -est, , ,  :
     fastest ()
     best ()
     smartest ( )
     (B) more/less (/)  . ;
     more interesting (  ) more important ( ) less
intelligent ( )
      most/least (/)  , :
     most   interesting   (/    )   most    important
(/ )
           ,     
 , ,   ,     
. ,   
     (62) She is better for me even my mother.     .
          (    ).     
, ,   ,     
 ,  
     (63) She is better for me.    ,
               .     
     :
     t64) She is better woman to me.
         ,
                  ,  
  .
          ,     
more ()    :
     (65) She is more interesting to m.
          .  () She is a more interesting  woman to
me.
          
                . 
      -   
          . 
 . ,   
     (67) She is the best.
      . (68) She is the most interesting.
       
     ,   "" ,  .
            
        ,      ,  
   .
         ,           
   .
     f69) She is most difficult.   .
     (70)  chose the best.   .
     (71) That is least difficult.
       .
     (72) She always leaves harder job for me,
           .
     (73) 1 resent happier people.
         .
     (74) More aggressive men get what they want.
         ,   .
     (75) The best answer is more difficult to find.
          .  (76)  I've never seen a funnier
man.
         .
         ,     
        .        
 :
                     ?
(compared to what), :      ? ,
 ?
                    
'.' : (with respect to  what?  The  best answer with respect  to
what)      '.'      ?
            :
      1:   ,         
           ,    ccib
  + . ;/  li;-. + :   +  csl.
mosi/lcasi + .
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   , ,    
;                ,
   .
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  .
      2:   
                 -1,
     . (     
                -:  ,
). , ,  :
     (77) Obviously, my parents dislike me,
     ,     
     (78) My parents obviously dislike me.
      , ,  .
     ,             
 :
     (79) it is that my parents dislike me.
     ,     .
         ,       ,   
    .  ,        
:
     (80) . whom is obvious?   ?
       L  -t       
         ,  
    .         
     .      
   ,  ,          -1,  
   :
     )       -iv  
   ,    
     )      -t
     ) ,       
  ,     .
             ,  ,
   -1     ,  ,
   ,     
  .
                  ,  
  ,     .
     (81) Unfortunately, you forgot  this unfortunately that you  to call me
on my birthday, forgot to call me on my
     birthday.
      ,       ,
      ,        .

     (82) I quickly left the argument. It is quick that I left the argument.
        .  ,    .

     Surprisingly, my father It is surprising for my
     lied about his drinking, father to lie about his
     drinking.
     ,      
      ,       .

     (84) She slowly started to cry. It is how that she started to cry.
        .  , ,   

     (85)  They  painfully avoided  my If is  painful  that  they questions,
avoided my questions.
            .  ,     
,
       ,         
      ,      
,                
       .      
 ,    :
       1:    ,   
 ,       -t.
      2:      -t  .
       3:       ,   
  .
       4:         
.
      3:  
                     
,            
 --  .     
       ,        
. , ,  :
     (86) I have to lake other people's feelings into account.
           , 
     (87) One must take other people's feelings into account.
          , 
     (88)  It  is  necessary to take other people's  feelings  into account.
     ...
           ,    , 
                 
(,        /,        /).  
,              --
    .      
,  TO -     --       
:  "  ,  ?"   ,   ,
         ,     ,

             ,  
           .        .
       :
     ,  Si,  S;,
       Si --  ,   ,      
,  a  S;  --   ,  ,   S,     --
      (, )   Si -- 
   S; --   .
     ,   :
     (89) Or what will happen?    ?
         :
     (90) What would happen if you failed to...?
       ,     ...?
              
  .      
;
      :
     (91) One must lake other people's feelings into account.  
   .
         :
     (92) Or what will happen?   ?
         :
     (93)  What  would happen if you  failed to take other people's feelings
into account?     ,         
?
                
   .         
 :
     have to
     1)You have to ( /,  /...)
     , ,  
     ( ) One has to ().
     It is necessary -necessary (, ...)
     , ,  
     () Necessary
     ( ...)
     should
     I/you/one should
     , ,   () (, ,  )
                
,            -.     
     ,    
      ,      
.            .
,      --     ,   
         ,      
,
     (94) It is necessary to behave properly in public.
          .
     (95) One should always lake people seriously.
          .
     What would happen if you failed to behave properly in public?
        ?        ?
     What would happen if you failed to like people seriously?
       ?  
        
      '.'
     (96) I must no get involved too deeply.
     He       .
     (97) People have to avoid conflict.
         .
     What would happen if you got involved too deeply?
       ,       ?
     What would happen if you failed to learn to avoid conflict?
       ,      ?
          -,        
  .      
             .     ,    ,     
:[3]
     (98) It ia not possible lo iovc more than one person at a time.
          , 
     (99)  No one love more than one person at  a time. (100) One can't love
then one person at a time.
     H       . 
     One  may  not  love more  then  one person at  a  time.    
    
     (102) No one may be able to love more then one person al a lime.
            .
        ,        
,        
   .         
,               
 .
       ,    ,     
,    ,         ,  
     .   ,  ,
            
 :
     Si   Sa,
      Sa  --   ,    ,    
  ,   a  Si  --    .   ,    ,
  :
     (103) What makes ... impossible?
        ...? 
     (104) What prevents you from ...?
        ...? 
     (105) What blocks you from...?
         ...? 
     (106) What stops you from ...?
         ,  ...?
       ...  --    ,       
.
             ,    
:
     (107) What makes your loving more then one person impossible?
             ,  
?
     (108) What blocks you from more then one person at a time?
             ?
     (109) What blocks you from loving more then one person al a lime?
     (110) What stops you from loving more than one person at a time?
           ,       
 ?
               
  :
     not possible it's not possible
     , , 
     () (, ...)
     can
     no one can (nobody can)  , 
     (, , )
     may
     , , 
     (, )
     (  ...)
     no one may (nobody may)
     (     )
     can't I/you/one/people can't , , 
     ( ) (  ,   ,   ,   )
     no one is able nobody is able

     able
     , , 
     (, ) (  ,  )

     impossible it's impossible
     , , 
     () (, ...)
     unable I/you/one people are unable
     , , 
     (   ), (  /  )
       ,       ,    
  ,    .   
              ,      
       .      
     ,   (
  )     .
     (111) It's  impossible  to  find What prevents you  from someone  who's
really finding someone who's
     sensitive, really sensitive?
          
       ?   .
'

     (112) I can't understand my wife. What prevents you from
     understanding your wife?
          .      ?

     ( 113) I am unable to express What prevents you from myself, expressing
yourself?
           .         
?

     (  114) No one is  able  to  What  prevents  them  from  understand me.
understanding you?
         .     ?

                 
 ,           ,  
             .  
 :
       1:     ;       
          ,    
.
      2: )        ,
      ,    , 
      .             
.  )             
   ,         
,   ,    ,   
   .
      
                 
        
.         ,    
         
.
     :         
    ,    ,        ,
   ,        
,   .    
   ,   
         
     .
                     
  ,   .   ,   
 .     ,         
,     ,      
   . ,   
:
     (115) I regret my decision to return home.
           .
           "" --   .  ,
        
 ,     "",
     (116) I regret that I'm deciding to return home.   ,   
 .
       ,              
""  (-, -)  "in  ongoing,      
. ,   ""  " ", "",
""   ..            , 
    --  ,   
  .. 
           ,  , , , 
      ,          --
/ , /   .."
              
  .          
,    :
      1:   ,  .
       2:        ,
       ,    
:         -  ,   
  ,    ;    : 
   ,          
          .
      3:  ,           
,        an  ongoing  (/,
).
       ,     ,       
      ,   
,            -  ,    
   ,        / 
.  ,    ,    ,    
:
      17) Their failure to sec their own children received no recognition.
            .
         ""   ",    
  ( ,  ). , 
  (118):
     (118) I dashed on front of the car.
        .
       ,      
      pvi.vKi'm     ,     ,   
 !,!   nu'in}i.l.in:!iui.nn  :|\ ".
, n.i ,
     ,     11[",  ()ilS:!ill:l'!n,        [1
1(1 '1,1-, -- liplt-4 1||W"
      .
               , 
  .       
    ,     
.
     (119) My divorce is painful. 1 nominalization (divorce)
        .   ()

     (120) Horror is blocking us.
       . 1  ()

     (121) My wife's laughter causes my anger.


          . 2  (, )
     (122) Your refusal to leave here forges my departure.
            .  2  (,
)

     (123) Your perception is curiously wrong.
       . 1  ()

     (124) Your projection causes me
     injury.
         , 2  (, 

     (125) My confusion has a tendency to give me no relief. 2 
          , (, )
     (126) I resent your questions.
        - 1 
     , ()
     (127) I'm afraid of both your
     rage and your help.
         , 2 
        , (, )

                  
   ,      
,              .
,  :
     (l29) I am surprised at  her  I am surprised  that she is resistance to
me.
     resisting to me.      .
         .
           ,        
    ,    ,       
          ,         
,     .   
      .  ,    
  ,           ,     
  ,   
     ,       
 .
     My divorce is painful.
          .
     Our terror is blocking us.
       .
     My wife's laugh causes my anger.
          .
     Your refusal to leave here  forces my departure.     
   .
     Your perception are seriously wrong.    .
     My wife and I divortant is painful.
            .
     Our being terrified is blocking us.
      ,    .
     My wife's laughing causes me to feel angry.
        ,    .
     Your  refusing to  leave here forces me to depart.   
 ,   .
     The way  are/what  you parceiving is seriously  wrong. To,     
,  .
     Your projection causes me injury.
         .
     My confusion has a tendency no relief.
          .
     I resent your questions.
        .
     I'm afraid of both your rage ad your help.
         ,    .
     The  way  that   you  are/what  projecting  injures  me.  To,     
,  .
     My being tends  to stop  to give me  from feeling relievend.  To,  
,      .
     I resent what you are asking/the way you are asking me.
       ,    .
     I'm afraid of both the your rage at me and the way you help me.
        ,     ,     .
     ,  ,    ,        
,  .         .
,  ,      :
     (130) The decision to return home bothers me.
          .
                      ,    ""
       ,    
  ;   :
     (131) Is there any way that you can imaging your decision?
         ,  -   ?
     
     (132)  What is it that prevents you  from  changing your  decision? 
    ?
     
     not to return home?
       ,         ?
              
,         
 .          
                       
    .
      ,     ,       
.    ,        .
         ,      
      . 
      ,         
,     ,     .   
   ,     ,    ,   
    ,      
       
. ,    
     The  decision  to  return  home bothers  me.      
 ,
         ,         
     , , :
     (134) Who is deciding to return home?    ?
                  
,                .
   ,         ,     .  
                  
    ,       
  - .
     My pain is overwhelming.   .
     (136) It's my fear that gets in my way.
           .
     (137) I have hope.
        .
     (138) My son's believes worry me.
        .
     (139) Your bigoted suspicion annoys me.
           .

     Your feeling pain about whom/what is overwhelming whom?
     To.           /,   
?
     Your being afraid of whom/what gets in your way of what?
     To,   /,      
     What arc you hoping for?
        ?
     Your son believes what that worries you?
         , ,       ? Bigoted toward
whom/what?
         /?    ?
      
              ,
         ,       
   ;  ,    .
    ,       -
.  ,           ^  
   .
     I want to make a chair. I want to make a decision.    .
   .
     ,             (, )
       .      (,
).  "       .   .    
          , 
    H.
     I have a lot of frustration -    .
     I expect a letter.   .
     My fear is just too big.    .
     I lost my book.   .
     I need water.   .
     Horses frighten me.   .
     The tension bothers me.   .
     I have a lot of green marbles.     .
     I expect help.   .
     My coat is just too big.    .
     I lost  temper.   .
     I need love.   .
     Failure frightens me.   .
     The dragon bothers me.   .
               ,       ,  
.             ,
         ,       ,          
"/",           .   ,
       "/",   
 .
     :      
              ,  
     .      
-     .  , 
   ,        
   ,             
  ,               ,
     ,      
,         .  ,
    "    "   
"    ".          
, :
     (1)       .
     (2)         ,        
,   -  ,         
.
     (3)    ,           ,
         ,     ,
     .
             
      .         
   .    :
     (1)    ,    ;
     (2)        .
      
            
   ,     
   .          
,           
        .   ,     
:
     (140) People push me around.
         .
       ""    ,       
   ,      .  
,  
     (141) My father pushes me around.
         
        "", ""),       
,          .    
    :


      1:           
 .
       2:             
:           -      
 ,
                  
   ,  ,          
   .                ,
     ,  
      ,        ,  
   ,
     (142) Nobody pays any attention, to what I say.
         ""  "" 
      ,   ,   .
     (143) 1 always avoid situations I feel uncomfortable in.
             ",        
" --  .
     (144) I like dogs that are friendly.
       ,    . --  .
     (t45) I saw my mother-in-law yesterday.        
 --     .
     (146) One should respect others feelings.    
. ""  "" --  .
     (147) It's  painful for us to  see her  this way,  you know.  
 . ""  "" --  .
     (148) Let's not get bogged down in details.
     He    . "" --  .

     (149) There's a certain feeling in this room.
        " "
      . --  .
     (150) Everybody feels that way sometimes.
      - "", "--
      - ", "- -
     . " --  .
       ,        
    ,             .
   :
     (151) Who, specifically?  ?  ?
     (152) What, specially?  ?  ?
       ,  ,    ,  
,                 
      .         
            ,    
  .
     Nobody pays any attention to what I say.
           ,   .
     I  always  avoid situation 1  feel uncomfortable in.     
,     .
     I like  they  are friendly.    ,    
.
     Who, specifically? what specifically,  do you say?  ?  
  ?
     What situations, specifically?
       ?
     What dog, specifically?   ?
     It's painful for us to see her this way, you know.
         .    ?    
""?   ?

     Everybody  feels  that  way Who,  specifically? What way, specifically?
What time, specifically?
      -  -  .  ? 
?   ?
                  
   .       , 
 : 1l  "", each, every "", any ""  
       . ,
        -- never  "",  nowhere
"", none "", no one " ", nothing "".
      ,           
      .                  
,      ,     .
,      .
     Nobody pays any attention to what I say.
           ,   .
         ,   
     (153) You to tell me that NOBODY EVER pays attention to you AT ALL?
       ,        
, 
      ;
           ,   
        ,   
  ,           
       .          
      ,  
 .        ,  
     .        
   ,       
     .  
     ,       ,     
 ,     .
     .: Nobody pays any attention to what I say.
          , 
      . .; Do you mean to tell me that NOBODY EVER pays attention to
you AT ALL?
       ,        
,
       ? .: Well, not exactly.
         . .: OK, then; who, specifically, doesn't pay attention
to you?
     ,         ?
       ,          
 .
     ()     ,        
     .   
,      ;      ,
              ^.    
        , 
    ,     .  ,  .
 :
     .: Ifs impossible to trust anyone.   .
     .: It's  always  impossible for anyone to trust anyone?   ,
             ?
       -- ,    
    .        ,    
       .        
   .
     ()          , 
      ,    
   ,    :      
  ,         .  
 :
     : It's impossible to trust anyone.
       . .: Have you ever had the experience  of trusting
someone?
         -? 
     Have you ever trusted anyone?
         ,   - ?
     ,        .
             ,  
            (   
   "" (   )     
 ""),    ,     
 (, "").
     ()             
,     :        ,
     .
     .: It's impossible to trust anyone.
       . .: Can you imagine any circumstance in which you
could trust someone?
            ,      
-? 
     Can you fantasize a situation in which you could trust someone?
             ,        -
?
               
 ,     ,   
         ,    ,  
          ,      
,  :            .
,                , 
         ,    
,      . 
 :
     Do you trust me right  now in this situation?      
    ?
          ,         
 .     ,  
     ;   ,  
      .
     ()   ,         ,  
  ,     
      ,   . 
      -   , 
 ,  , ,    
,      ,         
.
     .: It's impossible to trust anyone.   .
     .: Have you ever gone to the doctor(or to the dentist, riden in bus or
taxi or airplane...)? Did you trust the doctor + (or dentist, or bus driver,
or...)?    -    ()    ,
      ..?     , , ,
  ..?
       ,     ,   
,              , 
       ,     
       .
     ()              ,  
,                
.   ,       ,  ,  
  .
     .: It's impossible to trust anyone.
       .
     .: What stops you from trusting anyone?
         -?
     
     What  would happen if you trusted someone?    ,   
 - ?
     ()    ,      
 ,    . :
     .: My husband is always arguing with me.
          . 
     My husband never smiles at me.
          .
     ,   " "  " ()" 
,      .     :
 (  ),   ( )    (
,      ).         
      ,    -  --
      ,    .
,          ,
     --   
        ,         
       . 
,                   
      ,            
  .       " "
  " -"   ,          
        .    
         , 
     ,    ,
              
.            ,    
  .           
:[4]
     my husband me      (the client) - husband   
            ,    
  ,      
 . :
     My husband always argues with me.      . I
always  argue  with  my husband.        ,   My
husband never smiles at me.       . I never smile
al my husband. H     .
         ,    
    ,         
:
     .: Have you ever gone to the doctor or to the dentist, riden in bus or
taxi or airplane...)? Did you trust the doctor + (or dentist, or bus driver,
or...)?    -   (),    ,
     ..?      , , ,
  ..?
       ,     ,   
,              , 
       ,     
       .
     ()               , 
,                
.    ,      ,  ,  
  .
     .: It's impossible to trust anyone.
       . .: What slops you from trusting anyone?
         -? 
     What would happen if you trusted someone?
        ,    - ?
     ()    ,      
 ,    . :
     .: My husband is always arguing with me.
          . 
     My husband never smiles at me.
          .
     ,   " "   " "  
,     ,      :
 ( ),  ( )      (
,      ).         
    ,      -  --
      ,    .
,          ,
     --   
        ,         
      .  
,                   
      ,            
 .       "  "
  " -"   ,          
         .   
        ,  
     ,    ,
              
.            ,    
  .           
:[4]
     my husband me    
     me (the client) my husband   
             ,   
  ,      
 . :
     My husband always argues with me.      .
     I always argue with my husband.      . 
     My husband never smiles at me.      .
     I never smile al my husband.      .
        ,     
   ,          
:
     I have to take care of other people or they won't like me.
          ,      .
             ,     
  (   )          
     - .  
     ;
     If  I don't take care  of people, they  won't  like  me.    
   ,     .
     ,         ,  
   :[5]
       Y s X--Y
        ,        
  Y   ,         -- 
  --       
    :  "...  ...".   
     "... ...", 
       ,        
   :
     If you take care of other people, they will like you?
          ,     ?
            
      : ,         
,          ,    
,     :
     If you  like care of  other people,  will they {necessarily} like  you?
{always}
            ,       {}
 ?. {}
       -- 
                  ,
              .   
         ,      
     .       
  ,  ,       .
           .
,  :
     My husband never appreciates me... My husband never smiles at me.
          ...      .
            :
      1 --   --  --  2
       1 --  ,
      2 --  ()
      ,          
        :   ,
   ,            
 ()       ,      -- 
                   .    
     ,     
     -- ,     
             .    
        ,   
   ,       ,     
  .
                ,  
    .     
 ,          
.
        ,      ,    
   .
     .: My husband never appreciates me... My husband never smiles at me.
          ...      
     .: Does your husband's not smiling at you always mean that he does not
appreciate you?    ,         , ,
,    ?
                 --        
,       : , ,
  ,           ,      .  
                 ,
     :
     My husband me (the client)    () me (the client)
     My husband  ()  
           :
     Does  your husband's  not smiling at you always  mean  that  he doesn't
appreciate you?   ,       ,   
 ?   :
     Does  your  husband's not smiling at  you  always mean  that  you don't
appreciate him?
       ,       ,    
?
      ,     :
     1.     ,     
    ,          . 
       ,   -- .
     2.  ,      
.
     3.   .       
 :
     (X   Y) = (   Y)
       --   , Y --  .
     4.               
  .    
   :
     (X   Y) = (X   Y)
       --  , Y --  
     5. ,       , 
 
     (   Y) = (X   Y),
       -- , Y --  
            ,   
            .    
    ,             
.
     6.              
:  ,           ,     
   .                 
        .  
    :
     .: My husband never appreciates me... My husband never smiles at me.
          ...      .
     .: Does your  husband not smiling al you always  mean that he  doesn't
appreciate you?
       ,      ,     ? .:
Yes, that's right.
     , . .: Does your not smiling at husband always mean that  you
don't appreciate him?
       ,       ,    
? .: No, that's not the same thing.
     ,   . .: What's difference?
         ?
        
         ,       
,            ,   ,  
 :
     (154) My mother burl me.
        .
     (155) My sister kicked me.
        .
     (156) My friend touched on the  cheek with her  lips.  
  .
                     
    . ,         ,  
 ,     "":      ,
    ;         .    
         ,   
  ,        ;    
 ,  .    
        --  ,    
     ( ),   ,  
 ().
     ,  ,      ,         ,
,  ,    .          
-    .       ,
  ,   :
     (1)       .  ,    ""  
,    "".  ""   
  ,  :   .
     (2)  ,         ,
     . ,  "  "
 ,    "".
                    ,
    :
       1:    ,   
    .
      2: ,    ,    
,      ,          
   .
         ,  ,     
          
,        ,      
   ,     
       .  ,  
           
, :
       X_Y?
       --      , Y  -- 
     +          
.
     ,   :
     (157) Susan hurt me.
       .
           ,  :
     (158) How, specifically, did Susan hurt you?     
?
              ,    
   :
           
     (159) My children force me to punish them.
        -  .
     .      ?
     (160) Sharon is always demanding attention from me.
           
       ,    ?
     (161) I always show Jane that I love her.
        ,    .     
,    ?
     (162) My husband always ignores me.
                    
?
     (163} My family is trying to drive me crazy.
            .      
    ?
             
       .          
 ,          
   ,   , 
 ,    .


      --             .
   ,       ,
   ,       
    .          
       . ,
   :
     (164) I'm afraid that my son is turning out to my husband.
     ,       ,    ,
             , 
 ,  :
     (165) My husband is lazy.   .
     ,      --  
,          -     ,
         .        ,
                 .
      :
       1:         --  
  --         
.
        2:          ,     
    ,        , --
   .
      3:     ,     ,  
,     , "  .
          (          ),
    ,   ,     ,
     .  
 
     I'm afraid that my son is turning out to be as lazy as my husband.
       ,      ,    .
       ,     "",
  
     (166) I'm  not  afraid  that my son  is  turning  out to be as lazy  as
husband.
       ,      ,    .
        ,   ,      
 , 
     (165) My husband is lazy.   .
       .   ,    
,            ,
,   (165)  ,    
     . 
              
.
     If you are going to be as We discussed  something. unreasonable  as you
were You were unreasonable last time we discussed the last time we discussed
this, then let's skip it. something.
           -  - .   ,  
      -   -,  ,
  .   .
     (168) If Judy has  to be so  Judy  is possessive. possessive,  then I'd
rather not be involved with her.
           .  ,    
  .
     Fred didn't enjoy my company.
     (169) If Pred  had enjoyed my company,  he wouldn'1  have leh so early.
       -
       .
       ,
     -- You act not this way.
     --1 suffer.
     -- You don't know...
     --  .
     --     .
     --   .
     My problem is trivial.
          .
     (170) If you knew how much I suffered, you would not act this way.
         ,    ,         
.
     (171)  Since my  problem is  trivial, I'd  rather not take  up valuable
droup time.
     Mo  .
         ,   
          .
                   
,        . ,  
   ,     "",
"", ""   ..,    ,  
          .  ,     
           
      .     
  (  ),            
     ,        :    
  ,  .
        ,             ,
              .     
     .
     1.      ,  
       .     ,     
        , 
              .
,  :
     (172) I'm afraid that my turning out be as lazy as my husband.
     ,      ,    .
       
     (173) My husband is lazy   
        ,       ,  
        .           
   ,            
 .
     2.               ,
                 
   ,                 
 ,     ..
                      ,   
,         . ,
      --     ,    
   .
     (174) If my wife is going  to be as What, specifically, unreasonable as
she the seemed unreasonable to last lime I  tried to talk  to you about your
wife? her about this, then I certainly won't try again.
              .                 
,       ,     ,
?       ,   ,  
,  ?
     (175) If Judy has 1o be so How, specifically, does possessive, then I'd
rather  Judy seem to you  to be not  be involved with her. possessive?  
       ,     ,    ,
       - ? .
      
                ,
    ,       ,       
,     ,    .     
    ,       ,    
 ,       .  
      ,   
      .       
          .  ,
          
   ,    
.          ,     
  .
       
               
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     (176) My wife makes me feel angry.    .
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     My wife makes me feel angry
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  :
     (177) Your laughing dietracte me.    .
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    .
          , :
     Your laughing distracle me
     X   Y ()
              ,    
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.
     (178) She complete me to jealous.
         .
     (179) You always make me feel happy.
           .
     (180)  forced me to feel bad.
          .
     (181) She causes me a lot of pain.
         .
     (182) Your writing on the wall bothers me.
     To,     ,  .
     (183) Their crying irritates me.    .
        ,      
,      ,      
,       . ,  

     (184) She depresses me.   
            ,       

     (185) She makes me fell depressed.     .
                      
          
.   ,     
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     Y
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 ().
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)  ) cause fell experience
                
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.       :
     (186) You bore me.
       .
            ,           
   ,         ""
cause,  ""  make,  ""  make,    ,     
"" feel  "" (experince) 
     (187) You make me feel bored.
         .
             ,            
     .
           ,    ,   
        .       
                   
   ,        .  
   .
     () ,     :
     Music  pleasen me.  Music  makes me feel  pleased.    
  
     .   .
     (189) My husband likes me. My husband makes'me feel liked.
        .       .
     (190) Your ideas anbnoy me. Your indeas make me feel anbnoyed.
           .            
.
     (191) Hie plan insulte me. Hie plan makes me feel insulted.
           .                
.
     (192) Policemen follow me. Poiicmen make me feel folowed.
     .   .
          .
           , 
  ;
     (193) I'm sad that you forgot our anniversary.
      ,      . 
     (194) I'm sad singe you forgot our anniversary.
      ,       
     (195) I'm  sad  because you forgot our  anniversary.  , 
     .
               ,
    :
     (196) Your forgetling our anniversary me feel sad.
     To,      ,     .
     ,           
(), ,          
    . ,    
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,    .
               .   
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   .
     (197) I'm downsinge you won't help me.
         ,      .
     Your not helping me makes me feel down.      
   /.
     Your not being here makes me feel here lonely.   
   .
     (198) I'm lonely your'e not. ,     .

     (199) I'm happy that I'm going My going to  Mexico  to Mexico. makes me
feel happy.   ,           . 
    .
     :     ,     
 ,         Y    ()  
   .
     (200)  She's hurt  tgat you're  nol  Your  not  paying any  paying  any
attention to attention to htr makes her. her feel hurt.   , 
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     (201)  1 want to leave home  but  my father is  sick.     
,    .
         ,  ,    
,                         
-   .         
   .
     (202)  but Y X HO Y
       ,    ,    ,
            -
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.  :
     (203) I don't  want  lo  leave home,  but my father is  sick.   
  ,    .
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   (exparience) ,     , ( 
  ),  ,    ,    
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      .
     (204) I would change but a lot of people depend on me.    ,
     .
     (205) I don't want you get angry but she is always blaming me.
        ,      .
     (20) I wold like to get the bottom of the,  but I'm taking up too much
of  the group time.           ,     
   .
     (207)  I'don't enjoy being nolight but  my  job demands it.    
 ,       .
               ,   
,  :
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     (205) 1 don't want you get angry but she is always blaming me.
        ,      .
           :
     (206)  Do you always get mad when she blames you?    ,
   ?
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     :
     (207) How, specifically, dots hardlamling you make you angry?
        , ,        ?
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     205) I don't want lo get angry but she's always blaming me.
        ,      .
       :[7]
     (208)  Then, if  she  didn't  blaume you, you wouldn't become angry, is
that true? ,       ,      ?  
?
        :
     (201)  I want to leave home but my father  is  sick.      
,    .
          :
     (209) Then, if your father waren't sick, you would leave home, right?
     ,      ,     , ?
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     I want to relax but my back is kiling me.
       ,       ,
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     1 want to leave home but  my  father is sick.     , 
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     I want to leave home. I can't leave home because my father  is sick and
I don't
           .       ,    
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     (2)          "",     
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  .
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 :
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     {I  would}   (     ),        
.
                 
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     If your father  weren't  sick you would leave home?     
 ,     ?
       ,      
       - .  
         
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   ,     :
     (1)           
    (   ),     
  :
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     (I want) (to leave) (home)
     but but
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     (to leave) leave) father)
     (home) (home) (is sick)
     "I don't)
       Y --      Y 
                  
          
          
     (2)          --
   ""   "..., "   :
     (not X because Y) (If Y men not X)
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leave)
     ({I don'l} home) (is.sich) (is sick) ({Idon't} home)
        Y  Y,    
                        
      
     (3)               
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leave" (is sick I don't} home) (isn't sick) ({I don't) home)
      Y    --   Y    
                      
       
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 ,      .
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      ,     ?
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     (201) I want lo leave home, but my father is sick.
         ,     .
       :
     (210) Are  you saying  that your father's  being  sick necessarily from
leaving home?    ,   ,    ,  
     ?
             , 
     ,        Y
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     (211) Everybody in the group think that I'm taking up too much time.
        ,      .
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           .      
   ,       ,   
       .
     (212) Henry is angry at me.
        . 
     (213) Martha touchend me on the shouler.
        . 
     (214) I'm sure she liked your present.
      ,     . 
     (215) John told me he was angry.
       ,  . 
     (216) I know what makes him happy.
      ,   . 
     (217) I know what's best for you.
      ,    . 
     (218) You know what's I'm trying to say.
      ,    . 
     (219) You can see how I feel.
      ,     . 
               
,   ,  -    
. ,
     (220) If she loved me, she would always do what would like her to do.
         ,     ,    , 
 .
     (221) I'm disappointed that you didn't take my feeling into account.
       ,       .
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     .: Henry maces me angry.
       . .: How, apecifcally, does Henry make you angry?
         ? .: He never conssides my feelibge.
            .
        ,   ,  :
     () What feeling, apecifcally?   ?
     () How do you mow that he never considers your feeling?
        ,             
?
         (),   :
     .: Because he stays  out so  late every  night.      
    .
       ,   ,  :
     (a) Does Henry's staying out at night always make you angry?
       ,     ,  ?
     ()  Docs Henry's  staying out at night always mean  he  never cosiders
your feeling?   ,     , , 
       ?
                 
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     (222) It's wrong to hurt anyone's feeling.
         .
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 :
     (223) I say to you that it's wrong for me to hurt anyone's feelings.
       ,        .
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     (224) I say to that S-
      / ,  S.
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(31),              
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     What  would  happen  if  failed to take  other  people's  feelings into
account?
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     One must lake  other people's feelings into account -  
    .
            one     
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:

     
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        XvY X--Y
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     (1) Well...I'm not realy sure... ... ,    ...
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     (2) .: You'are not sure of what? He   ?
             .
     (3) R.: I'm not  sure  that this will be heipful. P.:    , 
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     You're not sure that what, specifically, will be helpful?
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     You're not sure what, specifically, will be helpful to whom?
        ,      ?
        (1)  (2) .
     (5)  R.:-Well,  I'm not sure lhat thus experiment will be  helpful. You
see, when I first went  to Dr., he asked me if I'd be willing to participale
in this experiment.. .and well, I feel  that there's something I really need
help  wilh but this is Just an experimenl. P.: ,       ,  
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     (6) How will Ihis just being an experiment preveni you from getting The
help you need?    ,     ,   
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            ().
     (7) Experiments are for research, but there's  something I  really need
help with.
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     (8)  .: What,  specifically,  do  you really  need  help  with?   
    
     ?
                       
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     (9) R.: I don't know how to make a good impression on people.
       ,      .
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     Let  me see if I understand you -- you  are saying that this being just
an  experiment will necessarily prevent you from finding out  how  to make a
good impression  on  people. Is that  true? ,       
.   ,    ,      , 
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     (11) R.: Well, ...I'm not really sure... ,...    ...
                ;
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   ?
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     Well, I'm not really sure... ...,    ...
          ,     
              .  
         ,  
 .
     (13) n.:Yeah,o.k. , .
         .
     (14)  .: Who,  specifically,  don't  you  know  how  to  make  a  good
impression on?
          ,    ?
             
            
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".
     (15) .: Well, nobody.   .
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.
     (1) .: Nobody? Can  you ihink of anybody on whom you have ever made a
good impression?    ?      -,  
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,         ,
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     (17) R.: Ah, mmm... yeah, well, some people, but... ... ,  ,
 , ...
      ,      -  
:
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   (disqualify)  ,    .
     Now  then,  whom,  specifically, don't  you know  how  to  make a  good
impression on?
     ,  ,  :      ,   
?
                      
,           
 ,      :
     (19)  R.: ...I guess what I have trying to say is that women don't like
me.
     ... ,       ,     
.
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      :
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       ;
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     (20) .: Which woman, specifically?   ?
           
     (21) .: Most women I meet.
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 --        "", ,  
,        ,    
    ,  ,    .  
      .
     (22) .: Which, woman, specifically?   ?
        ,     .
     (23) .:  Well, most  women  really...  but as  you said  that,  1 just
started to think about Ihis  one  woman -- Janet. ,  
...       ,          --
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     (24) .: Who's Janet?   ?
          ,         
  ,   .   ,
,       ,    ,  ,  ,
...                  
 .
     (25) .: She's this woman I just met at work.
      ,      .
         .
     (26) .: Now, how do you know thal you didn't make a good impression on
Janet?
         ,       
?
                
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     (27) .: Well, just know...   .
                ,

     (28) .: How, specifically, do you know?     ?
         ,     , 
     .
     (29) .: She just didn't like me.     .
                ,
   ,        : 
   .
     (30) .: How, specifically, do you know that Janet didn'l like you?
        ,    ?
          .
     (31) .: She wasn't interested in me.    .
                 
.
     (32) .: Interested in what way?   ?
                  .
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     (33)  .:  She dind'1  pay  attention to  me.       
.
                  ,
   .
     (34) .: How dind't she pay attenlion  to you?       
 ?
         ,       
 .
     (35) .: She dind't look at me.     .
       ,  ,          
,         ,   , 
   ,    -     
,        .
     (36) .: Let me see if I  understand this. You  know that Janel was not
interested in you because she didn't look at you?
     ,          .    ,      
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    :
     (37) .: That's right. ,  !
          ,      
.
     (38) .:  Is any  way could imagine  not  looking at you  and her still
being interested  in you?         ,  
          ?
         ,      .
       :
     (38) "X   Y"
                       ,
      ,     
          . 
 ,           Y,  
    ,     "  "     
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     (39) .: Well,. ..I don't know... -...  .
       .
     (40) .: Do you akways look at everyone you're interested in?
            ,  ?
             ,   
     .       
   :
                 
  
     (41) .: I guess... not always. But just because Janet is intereslcd in
me doesn't mean that  she likes me.  .. . .   
  ,     ,    .
     -           
      --  ,     
.      , 
,    ,   .    ,  
   ,      .
     (42) .: How, specifically, do you know that she doesn't like you?  
  ,    ?
              ,  
   .
     (43) : She doesn't listen to me.    .
             ,     
     (  ).         
:        -   ( 
--  ,    ),    ,   
   ,      
(   ,     ).
     (44) .: How, specifically, do you know that she doesn't listen to you?
   ,     ?
       .
     (45)  .: Well, she doesn't ever look at me. You KBOW  women  are. They
never let you know if they notice you.
            (  ).    ,
 !       ,   .
                  
,     "".    (45)  
   ,     
.
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[2]
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   :
     (46) .: Like who, specifically?  ?
          .
     (47) .: Like my mother.. .ah, God damn never was interested in me.
     ()    ...      !     
.
     ,           .
         
(36, 37, 41),      ""    , 
   .     ,  
,     ,     
,  .
     (48) .: How do you know that your mother was never interested in you?
       ,       ?
        ,      
 .
     (49) .: Every time tried to show her that cared  aboat her,  she never
noticed it.. .why dind't  she notice?   ,     
,    ,        ( )...
     ?
        :
     ()      (" "  ""), 
  ,     .
     ()           (,
, ),        
     ()            ,  
  ,           
(,    ).
     (50) .: How, specifically, did you to  show her that  you  cared about
her?
          ,   ?
       ,     
 .       .
     (51) . ( ): Like  all I used comehome from school and do
things for her.  ,   ,      .
               :  () 
 (  ),          ,  () 
 "",     .
     (52) .: What things, specifically, did you do for her?  
    ?
             ,  ,  
,     ,       
.    (6)
     (53) .: Wetl,  I always used to clean up the living room and wash  the
dishes... and she never noticed... and never said anything.
                 ...,      
...     .
                
 :
     ()          (,  )       
   ,     ;
     ()     "";
     ()       ,       );
  ();
     () ,    "" (  ?)
      ,       ,     
"     ",      "  
  ".      ,      
,         ( ,  --
  --  ...),         ,  --  
,                    
    .  ,      ,
               
         -  ,   , 
              , 
          ,     --
  ,     .
          ,   , 
       ,      
(    );   ,  ,
     ,       ,   
  .
     (54) .: Ralph, does  mother not saying anything to  you about what you
used to do mean that  she never noticed whal you had done? ,   
,          ,   ,  
    ?
               
       ;         ,
              .
       .
     Yeah,  since  she never noticed  whal  I  did  for  her,  she  was  nol
interested in m.
     ,       ,     , , 
  .
           
, ,        ,   
   (:  "     "),  . 
     :  "      ".    
   "".
     .:  Let  me gel  this  straight: you are saying that your mother's not
noting what you did for her means thal she wasn't interested in you?
      :  ,  ,       ,
    ,     ?
                        
 .
     (57) .: Yes, that's right. ,  .
      ,    ,
     .:  Ralph,  have you  ever  had  the  experience  of  someone's  doing
something for you and didn't nolice until they pointed it out to you?
     ,     -,   -   
-,        ,     ?
             ,    
        :
     I.  () -/
     2.  ()   ()
     3.    ...   ...
          :
       -    -  -  
         ,       
                   
 --  , ,   .
     (59) Well.... yeah, I remember one time... , ... ...
         ,     ,       
, ,    ,      
.
     (60) 8.: Did you  not  notice what they had  done  for you because  you
weren't interested in them?        ,      ,
    ?
         ,     ,     
,              ,      
 "X    --   "    , 
  -   (   -- ),  ,  , 
 .
     (61) .: No, I just didn't notice... ,    ...
          ,   ,   
,   .
     (62) .: Ralph, can  you imagine  that  your mother just didn't  notice
when...
     ,          ,          
...
        "X   =   "
 ,   -- , 
        ,      .   
  ,  
        =   ,   =  
     (63) .: No, it's not the same. ,     .
           ,      ,
   ,    (  =     = 
) .     ,       
 ,    :
     ()  ""    ;
     ()     .
     (64) .: It?  What is not the same  as what? ?       
,     ?
                     
   .
     (65) .: My not nothing is the as my mother not
     notingsee,  she NEVER noticed what I did for her. To     ,
     ,        : ,     
 ,     .
       .   ,  
   .           
,    , ,         .   
   ,     .
     (66) .: Never? ?
         .
     (67) .: Well, not very many Times.
     ,      (   )
       ,        ,       
    ,             
 .
     (68) .:  Ralph, tell me  about  one  specific  time  when  your mother
noticed what you  had  done for her.  ,      -
 ,     ,     .
              ,
      .
     (69) .:  Well, once when... yean, I even  had to  tell  her.   ,
... ... ... ()        .
            ,       ""
( ?)
     t70) .: Had to tell her what?    ?
          .
     (71) .: That I had done ihis thing for her. If she had been interested
enough' she would have noticed it herself.
                 .          
,     .
            ( )
   .      ,   
""  (   ?)    ""   
.
     (72) .: interested enough for what?
          ?
          .
     (73) .: Interested enough lo show me that she loved me. 
    ,   ,    .
         ,      
.     :
     ()      ,   
:    ,      ,        ,    
,      :
     (6)  ""  .
     (74) .: Ralph, how did you show your mother that you loved her?
     ,     ,   ?
           ,  
            .
       ,          
,   ,    .   
   , :   :
        ()
      ()  

       ,            
:
     Your mother show you that she  loved you.    , 
  .
     You show your mother that you loved her.      ,
  .
       ,     ,
     .
     (75) .: By doing things for her.     .
                 ,   
 :
       Y =     Y
       -- 
     Y --  
     (76) .: Ralph,  did your mother  ever do things for you? , 
   -  ?
                
   (73)      ,
   .
     (77) : Yes, but  she never really... never lei me know for sure.
,    -...      .
       ,             , 
  /   ,  
       Y ^  -  Y
       --   Y -- 
               
 :
     ()  ,           
,   -            (     
- ""),
     ()             
"",    ;
     ()     "" ( :
      ?);
     ()    ""
     (78) .: Never let you know what?
          ?
           ()      
 ,    "".
     (79) .: She  never let me know  for  sure if she really loved me.  
       ,         
(  ).
          .     
 
     ;)   "",     ;
     ()     ""  "".
     (80) .: Did you ever let know for you loved her?
       -    ,   ?
            , 
  ,  ,     (74).
     (81) .: She knew...  ...
         :
     () ,    "";
     (6)          -- 
;
     ()    "".
     (82) .: How do you Know she knew?   ,   ?
        ()
     (83) .: I...I...I quess I don't. ... ... .   .
       ,     ,       
,      ,   ,    
  ,      .   ,
      .
     (84) .: What prevent you from feeling her?       
?
         ,    ,
 ,      ",        .  
            ,    
[         
   .
     (85) .: Ummmm... ummmm, may be nothing.
     ... ,,. , .
      ,             
           ""    
 "".
     (8) .: May be?
     ?
              ,          
.
     (87) .: I quess I coutd.  ,   .
        .
     (88)  .:  Ralph,  do  you  quess  you could  also  tell Janet how  you
feelabourt her? ,     ,       
  ,     ?
         :
       
          ,        
     ,        
         
     (89) .: That's a litele scary.   .
      .     :
     ()      "";
     ()    ,     ""  (
  ?).
     (90) .: What is a little scary?   ?
          .
     (91) .: That I could jusi go up and tell her.
             .
                  
   ,              ,
  .
     (92) .: What stops you?
       ?
                    
 ,    .
     (93) .: Nothing, that's what's so scary.
     ,   -   ().
           ,             .   
     ,      ,  
   ,     , 
 ,   .
      2
           ,    
  .    --   28 .   
,    .  .
     (1) .: What should I do first?     ?
                
.
     (2) .:  Tel! me what you ara doing here; you said in the interview you
wanted  some  help with something.  ,      . 
  ,  ,   - 
     (     2 ,      
       5 ).
        ,    : , 
      ,      ,  .
        .
     I... I want help
     .: Let's see, what I am doing here. with... well, it's my roommates.
      ,     ... ...   ...  
,   .
       ,  :
     ()       (" ..."
,   "...  ").  ""
 ;
     ()   ""  ""   
     (4) .: Roommates?
     ?
             
"".
     (5) .: Karan and Sue, they share the house with me. We  also have four
children between us. ()    .      .  
 4 .
        ,    . 
    ,      
   :
     (6) .: What kind of help would you like with these  two people? 
       ?
       ,     ""  
     ,       
.    ,         
           
 "".
     (7) .: They  don't seem to understand  me.  , ,   
.
               
 .    , 
     ()    ,    "".
     (6)            ,  
 ,         -- 
  -- " ";
     ()             
 "".
     (8) .: How do you know they don't understand  you?    , 
   ?
             
            ( ). 
  ,    ,     .
     (9) .: I guess it's that they're too busy...
      ,  ,   ...
          ,  
     ()   ""    ,
     ()     ,      "  "
(   ?)
     (10) .: Too busy for what?
        ?
               
.
     (11) .: Well... too busy to see that have needs.
     ,  ,  ,      .
              
,              
().                
              "",    "
".
     (12) .: What needs?
      ?
                     
 "".
     (13) .: That I  would like for them to do something  for me once in  a
while.
         ,    ,    - 
.
            
,  ,        ("-",  "
    -").    ""      ,
    .
     (14) .: Such as what? - ?
           .
     (15) .: They really have   1"1 of things to do, but sometimes I feel
that they are insensitive.         ,
   ,    .
            ,   .   
              

     ()     " "...
     ()   ,   "";
     ()     ""    -
 ";
     ()           ""  (
 ""  )
     ()    "",      
   ,    ,  
   ,   " ";
     (16) .: Whom are they insensitive to?    ?
            "" (
 ,   () ).
     (17) .: Me, and...  , ...
              -
.
     (18)  .:  In what  are they insensitive to  you?     
  ?
       ,     ,
   ,       { ())
     (19) .: You see, I do a lot of Ihings for them, but they don't seem lo
do  anything for me.  ,      ,  , ,
    .
               .   
      :
     ()     "" (  "  " 
"");
     ()       "";
     ()        "",     
;
     ()     ,      ""
-- " ?.
     (20) .: What don't they do for you? What needs don'l they see that you
have?
          ?    ,     
?
           ,  
   ,          :  ""  
    (19)   ""     
(11).
     .: I'm a person, too, and they don't seem to recognize that.
       ,  , ,   .
      -      .    
 :
     ()  ,      ""   
 "  ".        ,  -
 ( ,   )      -- ,  
  ;
     ()     ,      ""
-- ( ?):
     ()            
 (..., ,  ...),  ,  , 
  ;
     ()  ()   ""
     .: How don't they recognize that you're a person?
         ,   ?
           .  
       ,      
--  ,      (10), (14), (18),  (20).   
    "".
     (23)  .: They, both of them, never do anything for me.   
    .
            ,   
  ,  
     ()    "",   ;
     ()        ""    ,
   "";
     ()    "".
     (24) .:  They NEVER do ANYTHING for you?      
 ?
         .    
,             
        
    .
     (25) .: No, not never, but I always do thigs for them whether they ask
or not.
     ,  ,        ,   ,   
-- .
      ,      ,
 ( ; ", ")   ,   
,    
     ()   "",    ;
     ()      "";
     ()     ();
     ()       ,    ""
(  ?  ?   ?).
     ,      ,   
    - --        , ,  
     .
     (26) ; Let me see if I understand at this point. If someone recognizes
that you are person, then they will always do things for you whether you ask
or not? ,     .  - ,   --
,        ,    ?
       ,        ,   :
 :
       Y       Y,  Y  .
                          
       .
     (27) .: Well, maybe not always... ,  ,  ...
         .
     (28) .; I'm a bit confused at this point;  couldn't tell me what those
things are  that  they would do if  they recognized that you're a  person? 
 .      ,     ,  
 ,     ?
       ,        (22) 
(26),   ,                ,    
,    .    ,   
 ,   .
     (29) .: You  know,  like help with the  dishes or babysitting, or just
anything.   ,    -          
  ,  ,  .
         ,       
,   "   "  "  ".  
  ,    " ".
     (30) .: Could you also explain how your roommates are supposed to know
what these things are that you want done?
     He     ,   ,    
 ?
         ,   ,  
      (8),  (18)   (20).     
  ,   (   )  , 
   .
     (31) .: If they were sensitive  enough,  they would know.    
  ,   .
             ;  ,
 ,     ,    ,   
           .     ,  
             
 :
     ()   ,     ""(
 ?)
     ()               ,        
-  ""  "  " (   
  ?);
     ()   ,    "" ( 
 ?)
     (32) .: Sensitive enough to whom?    ?
                  --
 ()  (31).
     (33) .: Tome.  .
                  ,   
,   (, ,  )   
 .
     (34) .: If they were sensitive enough to you, then they should be able
to  read  your mind?          ,  
     ?
           (31), 
,     ,     
(  ),    ()   (31),       
,     (3!).'
     (35) .: Read my mind?   ?
         ;          
      .
     (36) .: Yes, how else could  they know what you need and  want? Do you
teil them? ,            ,         
?   ?
       ,     
 ,       ,  ,
,        ,    
        (           
     (11),   (13),  (19).      
      ,     , 
     : "  ?"
     (37) .: Well, no! exactly... --,  ...
         ,        
 ,     .
     (38) .: Not exactly how?
        ?
         .
     (39) .: Well, I kind of hint.     .
         :
     ta)     ,    "" (
   ?);
     ()   ""       , 
,     ,    ,  ,
      ;    "" 
    "/"    ;
     ()          ,       
"" (   ?).
     (40) .: How do you kind of hint?
          ?
            
 "" --  ()(30).
     (41) .: I do things for them.     .
            ,     
  ,      --     
    .             
,  :
     ()       ,     
 -- "";
     ()       "";
     ()             
,  :
     (X    Y) = (X   Y).
     (42)  .: Then, since you do things for them, they're supposed  to know
that you want them to do something in return?
     ,       , ,   ,
  ,    ,  ,      , -
  ?
           ,            
 ( ()  (41)),       :
     .: It sounds sorta funny when you say it like that.
         ,   - .
           ,      ,
    ,  ,   ,   
  .                
  "".
     (44) .: Sort of funny how?   ?
               
""
     (45) .: Like  I'm not being honest or something, but you just can't go
around demanding things all Ihe lime or people will not want to give them to
you.      ,   -     ,     
          ,      
  .
            
 :
     ()     "-";
     ()    "" ;
     ()     "";
     ()     " ";
     ()     "";
     ()    " "  "";
     ()   ""  " ",     
:
     ()       " "   "   
";
     ()       " "  "
 ",      ,      
  ,     ,           
;
     ()     "",      
;
     ()     ,     "" (  
?).
     (46) .: Wait a second;  who can't  go around demanding things  all the
time from whom? !           
  ?
     ,    ,        
.             :  
   ( ()  (45))   
      ( ()  (45).
     (47) .: I cant go around  demanding Ihigs from  Sue and Karcn or  they
won't want to give me anything.             
,       .
                 
,   ("" (46) -- "", " " (46) --
   ).  ,     :
     ()   ;
     ()     :
     ""  "     ";  ""   " 
/";
     ()    :           
 (    ,    
  --      )      " 
...:
     ()    ""  "",  
 ,    . ,   ,
            Y,   
  .     ,       ,  
,        ,        ,
            ,  ,
, ,  "  ..."  " ..."  "...",
  ,  : "  ?";     
    ,   ,      "
 "; , "       ".     
 ,     .
     (48) .: I though you said that they didn'1 qive you anything anyway.
      ,  ,        .
                .
   ,          
.  :   Y: (   )   ( 
 ).        4,     
 :
       X,  Y
      (   ),  (   ) 
      (  ),  (   ).
         :
     "   ,    ..."
           ,    : (36),
(37), (38),  (39), (40)  (41)       ,     
  : (11), (13), (15), (19)  (23) --  ,  
         ,    
,  :
     "    ,    ...".
      ,  ,    ""    
,       "",           
  .
     (49) .: Well, they do sometimes, but  not  when I  want  il.    ,
  ,   ,    .
           .         
.      :
     ()  ,      -- ""
 "";
     ()    "";
     ()   "".
     (50) .: Do you ask them when  you wani something?   , 
 -?
      -        , 
               ,   
,    .     ,   
  -,   .
     (51) B.:...Nui...kannnt.
     ()... (     ,        )
---... --- -- ( ).
        .
     (52)  .:  (,   ) Beth,  do  you  ask  when  you  want
somethig? ,   ,  - ?
                ,
            .  
 .
     (53) .: I can't.   .
           ,   
  .
     (54) .: What prevents you?   ?
               .
     (53)     (51).
            
,  ,       .
     (55) .: I just w can't... I JUST CAN'T.
        ...    .
         ,      --       .
            ,    
      .
     (56)  .: Belh, what would happen if you asked  for something  when you
want in? ,    ,      -,  
 ?
                
.        ,   
,   ,     .
     (57)  .:  I can't  because people will feel arounq if I ask for ihings
from them.
       ,    ,   ,     
  .
              ,           
.            
 ,     :
     ()   " ";
     ()   -   :    (           Y),
   " ";
     ()     :
     ""  "";
     ()   "     ". .. " 
,   ";
     ()     ,     "" --
( ?).
     (58) .: Do people ask for things from you?
           ?
                      
-        . 
  ,    .
      ()    ()
       ,         ,    
 
         .     .
         ,         
    .
     (59) .: Yes.
     .
      ,      .
     (60) .: Do you always feel pushed around?
        ,   ?
                ,
   (58),       :
      ()
     () 

       ,         

      ,   ...  ,   ...
          
  ,          ,    
             
 "".
     (61) .: Not  always,  but sometimes I  do. ,  ,   
.
       ,    -    
 { ()  (57)).  
           ,      
   :
     ()     "";
     ()         "",     ,  
,    ""   "",    
        "   ?"      
  "";
     ()   "".
     (62) .: Beth, are you aware that thirty minutes ago you came to me and
asked  if I would work with you? You asked for something for yourself?  ,
    ,                  
  ?     -  ?
          ,             -        
            
,             -
 (  ()    (57)).     
  .
      ()   ()  ()
       :
      ()   -     -  
()
                
   .   
   ,   ,    
      .
     (63) B.:Yessss --
        .
     (64) .: Did I feel pushed around?
       ,   ?
                  
  -    (  ()    (57)),
    ,  .
     (5) .: I don't think so.    .
           ,          
   .
     () .: Then could  you imaqine asking  for something for yourself one
of your roomates and their not feeling pushed around?
                    ,     
-          ,      ,
  .
                 ,
   ,     :
     ()        ,         
  ,      -  ,     
,   ; 
     ()               
 .      , 
    ,      . 
  ,         -   
 ,     .
     (7) .: Yes, maybe. ,  .
        .
     (68) .: Woudi you like to Try?
     He    ?
      ,       
           ,
  .
     (69) .: Yes, I would. ,  .
       ,       
  .
     (70) .: And how will you know if your roomates feel pushed around?
        ,    ,   ?
        ,    ,   
       ,       
       -- ,     
       ,       ,  
     --       ,    
   (8), ; (18), (22), (3.0), (34), (3), (40)  (42).
     (71) .: Both of them weuld probably tell me.  , , 
.
         ,        
      ,    ;      ,    
   ,   .
     (72) .: Beth, do you tell people when you feel pushed around?
     ,    ,  ,   ?
            : 
   ,   ,   .
     (73) .: Not exacHy,  but I let them know. He  ,      
.
              ()    
,    "";
     ()         "
";
     ()   "".
     (74) .: How do you let them know?
          ?
     , -          
,        ,     
   :
     (75) .: I guess just by the way I act; they should be able to tell.
      ,   ,   .    .
                       
 :
     ()     "" ("");
     ()    "";
     ()     " ";
     ()          ,      
"" ( ?);
     ()   ".
     (75) .: How? Are they supposed to able to read your mind again?
      ?   ,     . ?
          ,    
   .
     (77) .: Well, no. , .
          ,        
.
     (78) .: What stops you  from teriing them direclly that you don't want
to do something or that you feet pushed around?
            ,       - ,
 ,   ?
                  
  ( ()  (57)".
     (79) .: I could't hurt Iheir feelings.
           .
          ,   :
     ()   ;
     ()    "";
     ()         -  ,
 "     /";
     (}      "".
     (80) .:  Does telling  someone no, or  that  you feel  pushed  around,
always hurt their  feelings?     "", ,   ,
  ,      ?
                     
-     (  ()     (79)),   
          
"".
     (81) .: Yes, nobody likes 1o hear bad things.
     ,      .
       ,        
 .   ,         
:
     ta)     "";
     ()     "";
     ()   " " -- "  ";
     ()    ,     ,    
  : " --   ";
     () ,        "" --
"  ?"
     (82) .: Belli, can  you  imagine that you would  like  to know if your
roomates feel pushed  around by you so that you could be  more  sensitive to
them?  ,      ,      ,
     ,      , ,     
 ?
               
.           ,   
,
        ,      ,      
.
     (83) .: .
       .
     (84)  .: ,   ,        , 
   ,   ,      , 
        ?
                  , 
    ,  ,          
   
       ()  () 
     (85) .: ummmmmmm...  I guess you're right. --  (),  , 
.
       ,       .  
      ,   
 "" (    ?)
     (88) .: About what?  ?
           .
     (87)  .:  If  I  let  them  know  when I  feel  pushed  around or want
something, then maybe they would be more sensitive.
             ,     ,      ,  
- ,  ,  ,     .
         ,    ,  
,                  
.
                    ,  
  ,       
 ,   ,      
     .             ,
   - ,          
  .
           ,      , 
       ,  
     208   .       
         .  
             
 .       
   :   
   .
                          
 :  ,  ,    
        ,            ,
    .    
    .
        5
     1.     ,    . ,     
,             ,        
,  ,       
, ,   .. ,    
  ,             
 , , .     
,        ,   ,      
               ,
    ,     :  , 
           . 
     ,   
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.    .
     2.  ^",       
,            "",
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     3.            ,     
,  ,  ,                 ,
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                .  
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      (.  "  
II")
     4.   ""    --     
  "  ".
     5.  "do" ()   .   
          "it" () 
    ,          ,
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(2)  (4):
     (2) Dick admitted Spiro had contacted the boys at ITT.
     (4)  The boys at ITT were admitted  by Dick to have been  contacted  by
Spiro.
          ,    
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     (11) That  Spiro had contacted the boys at ITT  was admitted  by  Dick.
(To,        ,   ).
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about  something.  (  / / -,    
      - )
            (11),   ,    
                  ,
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.     (12).   
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,  ).
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,  :
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      1  2  3
      


                        
                 
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     1.                
     Chomsky  (1957),  (1965), (t9?3); Grinder  and  Elgin
(1973)  ..
     2.             ;
., ,  *Tarsky (1943), Kripke{1972).
     3.      .
     4.       ()   , 
         ,     ,  
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       .
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 NP;      .
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,     .
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""  "", ,      
  ,        (,      ,
).
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     10.         ,       
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 .   h 
     NP
     /\
     by
     11.             
 (  ). ,     , 
   ,       
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T.L.  Booth,  Sequential machines  and  automat theory,  1967). ,
       ,        ,  
  ,           
,        Chomsky and  G.A.Miller 91958,  19630,
'Chorusky ( 19 59, 1959, 1963). 12.        .
,        ,   
  at  ITT            
.
      
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),     .
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 -- ).
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   ).
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( ).
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.  (      ,   )  -*  (
).
     2.  
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"". ( ,    ,   ) -*
(    ).
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 "", "", " ", " ", "  , ", "", "
 , ". (   ,      , 
   ) -* (    ).
     ()              (Cleft   Huntence).
,    is    .  (It was The  extra
pressure that shatteered the window. (Soniething shattered the window)
     (^    - .    
What  (What Sharon hopes to do become well liked (Sharon hopes to
do something)
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Last-modified: Fri, 28 Apr 2000 04:59:35 GMT
: