.... " "
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... ,
, .
. .
" "
() . [1]
" "
,
, ,
, , ,
-s/-es[2]
.
,
F " " .
[3]
. ,
, ( )
(
-- ).
,
( , ).
(, Black Country, Battle Plain, Dead Marshes, Snowmane)
,
( ) -- ,
.
. , ,
-
, ,
( ) ,
( - ).
Rivendell -- Imladris
(" "). ,
. ,
, ,
--
.
: (
Shire), "",
( ,
) (
) , (. F).
, ,
,
.
""
( ), Rivendell, Snow-mane,
, .
,
,
.
, ,
, . , ,
--
.
Appledore. , "" (
).
-- , .
: ,
() -- aphalter, -- apuldur, -- apald.
Baggins. "bag" (", "), .
"". ,
Bag End ( "" ("bag") "pudding-bag" -- , "cul-de-sac"[4]), . (
, ). . Sackville-Baggins.
"".
Banks. , , ,
"bank"
" , ". -
.
Barrow-wights. [5],
"barrow"
( ); . Barrow
. ,
. grafgeest (" "), -- Kummelgast (" ").
Beechbone[6]. , -
.
(, Buchbein , , Buchenbein).
Big
Folk, Big People[7].
.
Black
Captain, Black One, Black Riders[8].
.
Bolger. . Budgeford.
Bounders.
, ,
", 'bounds' ()".
,
. "bounder" (-, )
19- ,
"".
, , .
"Poenen", "", ,
"bounder" ( ) "patser" -- ", ".
, ,
, -- -- . (
, , ,
.)
Bracegirdle[9]. ,
, , (-
). , ,
- "
" ", / ". (
,
, , Drinkwater[10]=Boileau. Bracegirdle
. , Gürtelspanner ).
Brandybuck. ,
. ,
" " , Brandywine River Oldbuck (. , ).
"buck" ( ),
"bucc" -- " (, [11])",
"bucca"
-- "".
Buckland (-
"Bock"), Buckland (
) "book-land[12]"
-- ,
.
Brockhouse[13]. "Brock" -- , "".
;
( ). ,
. Broekhuis ( ,
, ) --
" "? Galthus (" ") --
! , "brock", Grävlingar ("gräflingar", "gräfsvin" -- "" -)
Burrows[14].
"Brock"
, ( Brockbanks).
Brockhouse , ,
, ("brock") , ,
. , Dachsbau.
-- Graevling.
Butterbur. , --
"butter"
("") -- . "Butter"
( - ), , Butterfield. "butterbur" (, Petasites vulgaris), Bree.
"" -- . ,
,
"" (, , "Butterblume", "Butterbaum" "boterbloeme"), .
-- ,
.
Barliman ( Butterbur)
"barley" + "man[15]"
(, ) .
Captains
of the West.[16]
.
Chief[17], The. .
Chubb. , ,
"chubby" -- , (
"chub"
(""), ).
Corsairs[18]. . ,
-- .
Cotton. (
) : "cot" -- , "-ton" -- "town" (", ; , ")
(. "tūn" -- "").
.
,
, "cotton"
(""), , , .
, , -
, - Westernesse
(. " ", 2); ,
- .
, -
, "",
-- . . Gamgee.
Cotman.
, ", ",
. ,
.
Dark
Lord, Dark Power[19].
.
Dead, The[20]. .
Dunlendings. (
). "dun(n)lending" -- "
Dun(n)land".
Easterlings. , " ,
" ( Rhûn).
Elder
Kindred, Elder Race, Elder People[21].
.
"",
. ( "elder" ).
"Elda-r"
(.., ) "elder" -- . "Elda"
("") "
". --
. . "Elder
Days",
(
), " ".
Elf-friend[22]. .
Aelfwine (
; Alboin),
Aelfwine , ,
.
Elven-smiths[23]. . "Elven" -- (
), "elfin",
. ,
"" , ,
, , , "Elven-smiths" : ""
"",
"elvish").
"Elf" "elfen"
"elf" "elven". ,
"Elf"
,
( ) -- [24]
" " ( , "Elf"
).
"" , , .
"Alp" ( "Alb",
, , ,
). "elf",
"Alp"
"oaf", (
""[25]),
"elf". ,
, "" ,
. ""
, ,
(. F), ,
--
. "alf".
Enemy, The[26]. .
Ent.
( Entwives). ,
( , ).
", " , ,
, .
, .
Entings, " " [III.4] ,
. () Onodrim [III.2].
Evenstar[27]. , .
( ) .
Fairbairns[28]. . ,
Fairchild. , , ,
, .
,
"fair",
(), " ()". ,
,
, .
Fair Folk. (
Tylwyth teg, " ", "fairies" -- , ). . .
Fallohide. .
,
,
. "fallow" "hide[29]" ( "falb" "Haut") "".
, "fallow" ", "
"fallow deer[30]", "hide"
( , ).
. . F
.
Fang. [I.4]; . ,
"fang" -- ", " ("fengtōp" , "fangzahn" ). ,
Grip[31] ("grip" -- "fang"), , , "Fang"[32] .
Fatty Lumpkin[33]. . "-kin" -- , , .
Fell Riders[34]. .
Fellowship
of the Ring[35].
, (
) .
Ferny[36]. .
Fern, Ferny Fernie, Ferny , Bree .
Firefoot[37]. .
Firstborn[38], The. . .
"",
" ": ,
( ). , ,
.
Fladrif.
. Leaflock.
Flourdumpling[39]. .
Free
Folk; Free Lords of the Free; Free Peoples[40].
.
Gamgee. , .
, . ,
, "" ( ,
).
., "gamgee tissue"[41].
"" , ,
.
Gamling
(The Old).
,
,
(, Shadowfax Wormtongue). Gameling ( "a"). ,
, , (
) -- , Gamlen, Gam(b)lin . . "The Tale of Gamelin"[42]
-- , , ,
" ".
"gamal-"
-- "".
,
, --
.
Goatleaf[43]. Bree. , . "chèvrefeuille" ( "caprifolium" -- , ).
, "Geissblatt[44]", ,
.
Goldberry[45]. .
Great Enemy[46]. .
Grey Company[47]. .
Greyhame. "grēg-hama[48]" (" ").
. , Grēghama, Greyhame ,
"grey" ("") .
, , ,
[III.2].
Grijsmantel, "gråhamn" -- " ". ,
, Graumantel.
Grey Host[49]. .
Grey Pilgrim[50]. , Mithrandir. .
Grip. . . . Fang.
Grubb. . ( [I.1] Grubbs). , - -
.
"grub"
-- ", ".
Guardians[51]. .
Halfling. .
, ,
.
" ".
, "".
"Halfling" (-,
"half"
(""), ,
).
Harfoots
(..). ,
, . --
"hairyfoot"
(" "). ,
"hæ‾r-fōt" (
-- "herfoot"),
"er" "ar" . "hair"("")
"hæ‾r", "hēr" ( "Haar"), .
"Harfuss"
,
. . Fallohide.
Harry ( Herry, Henry).
.
Hayward. . ,
(.
" ", 3). ,
Hayward, Hob [VI.8]
. "hayward" "hay" -- "" ( "")
"ward" --
"". . High Hay, Hay Gate Haysend Buckland. ,
.
"Schutmesster" (" ").
"stängselvakt" (" ") , ,
.
Healer,
The Healers[52]. .
Heathertoes[53]. Bree. , "Heather-" .
-- Heideteen. , , "Heidezhen"? ( , ,
, , , ,
, ).
Hobbit.
, ,
( ), Shire .
Holman.
. , "hole-man[54]" ( ).
.
Hornblower[55]. Hornblow Hornblower -- . Shire
, , .
.
Isengrim. .
F:
" , , Fallohide ( Tooks Bolgers) ... ".
. ,
(Isegrim), "-"[56].
, ,
.
Leaflock[57]. ,
Finglas ("fing" -- ", " "las" -- "") .
Fladrif, Skinbark.
Maggot.
-- "" , -.
, "", .
Van de Made ("made" "Made" "maða" -- ""). ,
, , ,
.
Marigold[58]. (.
F[i]). ,
, ,
"gold" (""),
. ,
Fallohide (. " "[ii]),
:
Elanor, Goldilocks ( [59],
), (Peregrin Took). ,
(,
"souci").
-
. , Majagull Ringblom ( "ringblomma" ""; . "Ringelblume"). Meizoentje (""), .
,
Daisy ("") (
), Rosie Cotton.
Mugwort[60]. Bree -- (Artemisia, . "armoise" -- , , . "armoise amère").
( , ,
"Beifuss"),
.
- .
"Mugwort",
, -.
Necromancer[61]. .
Neekerbreekers. .
(,
).
Noakes.
, -
. Noake(s) Noke(s) -- ,
, , No(a)ke (
"atten oke" -- " " ).
,
. .
Oldbuck[62].
. Brandywine, Brandybuck.
"-buck" Buck ( -- Bucca, . B, 1979 . ). Gorhendad (I 102) .
, ""; F[iii] , Buckland ( ,
).
Oliphaunt. .
"elephant"
(""),
"" , ,
Shire
. ,
"e"
"o"
[63]
-- ,
. "olifant"; ,
. "oliphaunt"
"olifant",
"o",
, : "olfend" "olbenta" ("") .
( )
. "olfend" "olbenta", ,
"elephant"
( , ).
Orald. Forn Orald (
(Bombadil)) ( )
, , , . Forn -- , ",
". -- ,
,
( ,
Mirkwood, . F[iv]), . Orald " " ,
, , .
, ,
"uralt",
.
Orc. ,
. , ,
( ). "The Hobbit" ( )
"", - (, ,
) . "
" "", ,
, , , , ,
. , (
), "" --
. .
"ork" ( ),
"orc",
, (
) "orkish".
"orch" (.. "yrch").
"orc"
[Beowulf 112[64]
"orc-nass", "orc" = "pyrs[65]"
(-), "heldeofol" ( )]. ,
"orc", "ork" (
, ).
Pickthorn[66]. , Bree. -- "" .
Pimple[67]. . .
Proudfoot[68]. ( ).
.
Puddifoot. , Marish. "puddle" ("") "foot" (""). .
Quickbeam[69]. . Bregalad -- "
(, ) ". ,
, "" ( ),
(, Quickbaum ?).
( ,
). "quickbeam" "quicken" --
, .
, , Quickbeam [III.4].
Ring-wraiths[70]. "Nazgûl" , "nazg" ("") "gûl" ( ,
).